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Chapter 5 - Fungi Part 1

The document discusses the Kingdom of Fungi, including their characteristics, classification, and examples of life cycles. It covers the phyla Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, describing their structures, reproduction, and importance. Key terms are also defined.

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40 views18 pages

Chapter 5 - Fungi Part 1

The document discusses the Kingdom of Fungi, including their characteristics, classification, and examples of life cycles. It covers the phyla Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, describing their structures, reproduction, and importance. Key terms are also defined.

Uploaded by

2022493088
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 4 : FUNGI

GAIN ATTENTION

Yeay! Do you Hi there!


recognize us? We are Welcome to
friendly organisms the Kingdom
that usually bloom of Fungi
after the rain. We love
humid places very
muchh…
LESSON OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

◼ Explain the characteristics of fungi


◼ Determine the classification of fungi
◼ Describe and illustrate the life cycle of some examples of fungi
◼ Explain characteristics of lichen
◼ Explain roles of fungi economically and ecologically
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

◼ eukaryotic organism
◼ habitats of fungi must be in combination of moisture and availability of
organic matters.
◼ cell walls are composed of chitin, a polysaccharide that similarly found in
the exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods.
◼ The body plan of fungi consists of long, branched, threadlike filaments
called hyphae. Hyphae form a tangled mass known as a mycelium.
◼ hyphae of fungi are composed of 2 different types; coenocytic and
septate.
◼ heterotrophic style: saprophytic, parasitic and symbiotic. Saprophytic
fungi obtain their nutrients from dead organic matter and parasitic fungi
gains nutrient from the other living organisms.
◼ Hyphae secretes digestive enzymes and food is digested externally and
absorbed through their cell wall and plasma membrane.
◼ Fungi are able to reproduce asexually or sexually.
SEPTATE VS COENOCYTIC HYPHAE

Septate Coenocytic
hyphae hyphae
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

◼ CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA

◼ ZYGOMYCOTA

◼ ASCOMYCOTA

◼ BASIDIOMYCOTA

◼ DEUTEROMYCOTA

◼ GLOMEROMYCOTA
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA -
CHARACTERISTICS

◼ most primitive fungi and the earliest


fungal group to evolve from the ancient
flagellated protist’s ancestor.
◼ Unique because cells possess a single,
posterior flagellum called zoospore.
◼ Their cell walls containing chitin and the
food reserves are stored as glycogen.
◼ Live in freshwaters and a few in moist
land and marine. .
◼ Coenocytic hyphae
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA - LIFECYCLE

◼ Life cycle of chytridiomycetes exhibits alternation of generation in which


part of its life is a haploid (n)thallus and other part is diploid (2n)thallus.
Both thalli are similar in appearance. The haploid thallus bears male and
female gametangia for the development of gametes through mitosis.

◼ Both male and female gametes are flagellated except that female
gametes are larger in size. When both fuse together, a zygote develops.
The zygote grows as diploid thallus. The diploid thallus produces two
kinds of spore cases, zoosporangia and resting zoosporangia.

◼ Zoosporangia produce flagellated diploid zoospores that eventually


develop to be a diploid thallus – Asexual reproduction

◼ Resting zoosporangia undergo meiosis forming haploid zoospores which


eventually develop into a haploid thallus – Sexual reproduction
SPOROPHYTE VS GAMETOPHYTE

Female
gametangium
Zoosporangia

Resting
zoosporang
ia

Male
gametangium
Zygote (2n)
Zygote (2n)
♂ gamete Zygote (2n)
Zygote (2n)
Zygote (2n)

Asexual
♀ gamete zoosporangiu
SPOROPHYT m
E THALLUS
GAMETOPHY ♂ (2n)
Sexual
TE THALLUS Gametangia
zoosporangiu
(n) ♀ (n)
m

structure that
produce gametes
Meiosis
Zoospores
(n)
Batrachochytrium
dendrobatidis
CHYTRID IOMYCOTA -IMPORTANCE

◼ They are parasites or decomposers in ecosystems


◼ Responsible on the declining of frog populations - chytrid
fungus attacks the keratin in the skin around the animal's
feet and under the mouth
LESSON OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

◼ Define terminologies in Zygomycota


◼ Explain the characteristics of Zygomycota
◼ Describe and illustrate the life cycle of Rhizopus stolonifer
◼ Explain roles of zygomycetes economically and ecologically
ZYGOMYCOTA - CHARACTERISTICS

◼ The unique characteristic of zygomycetes is the production of sexual


spores called zygospores.
◼ Their hyphae are coenocytic. Septa is only exists to separate hyphae
from reproductive structures.
◼ Rhizopus stolonifer, a decomposer that breaks down organic
material such as bread, rice and other foods.
◼ The life cycle of Rhizopus stolonifer exhibits alternation of
generation in between of diploid and haploid stage in sexual
reproduction.
◼ Their hyphae are heterothallic, meaning that an individual fungal
hypha is self-sterile and mates only w ith a hypha of a different
mating type.
◼ Asexual reproduction occurs when the condition becomes favorable.
Within each sporangia, hundreds of haploid spores develop and are
dispersed through the air.
ZYGOMYCOTA – LIFE CYCLE
Rhizopus Rhizopus under
stolonifer microscope

Asexual
stage

Sexual
stage
ZYGOMYCOTA - IMPORTANCE

◼ Zygomycetes are decomposers that


live in soil on decaying plants or
animal matters. Mucor
◼ Some of them are parasites of plants
and animals
◼ Others are mycorrhizal fungi
associated with plant roots.
◼ Other examples: Mucor sp. and
Pilobolus sp.

Pilobolus Mycorrhizae
D EFINITION OF TERMINOLOGIES

◼ Hyphae ◼ fusion between nuclei


◼ a type of life cycle consists of two or more
◼ Mycelium different generations
◼ fusion between cytoplasm
◼ Zygospores
◼ multinuclei hyphae without septa
◼ Coenocytic

◼ Alternation of generation ◼ sexual spores of a zygomycete

◼ Heterothallic ◼ the basic unit of a fungus composed of long,


threadlike structures
◼ Plasmogamy ◼ thallus with similar physical structure but differ
in physiology
◼ Karyogamy ◼ a tangle mass of hyphae
◼ a type of cell division produces different
◼ Meiosis daughter cells

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