MUSIC

20TH AND 21ST CENTURY MULTI-MUSIC FORM

Opera - a form of theatrical presentation in which a dramatic performance is set to music

NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch Me Not)

● a drama based on the 1887 novel by national hero Jose Rizal.
● It's a timeless tale of romance, revenge and issue on corruption, religious
meddling in governance, colonial mentality, and mass struggle.
● The opera presentation includes theater acoustic and sound systems that both the
singers and the orchestra were clearly heard without distortion.
● The set designs were brilliant with all the colors, vibrant, and vivid besides actual
props, the backdrop was one huge video flat screen that displayed various scenes
rendered digitally.
● The cast of the performing artist in Resorts World Manila include Maria Clara R.
(Gerodias), Sisa by A. (Mendezora), and Crisostomo Ibarra (Sal Malaki), portrayed
their roles exceedingly well.
Behind the scenes are:
- direction: Freddie Santos
- Stage and culture design: Jerry Sibal
- Light designer: Shax Siasoco,
- providing Jerry Sibal live music is the Manila Philharmonic Orchestra lead by
Maestro Rodel Colmenar

LA LOBA (Fierce Angel) OR THE FEMALE WOLF

- Filipino opera based on the novel written in 1869 and attributed to Filipino martyr
priest Jose Burgos with music by National Artist Francisco Feliciano and libretto by
Fides Cuyugan Asensio.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO (The Reign of Greed)

- the second novel written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal. It is the sequel to
Noli Me Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was published in
1891 in Ghent, Belgium. El Filibusterismo will bring to life the dark novel of national
hero Jose Rizal under the direction of Joma Fieras. El Filibusterismo narrates the
return of protagonist of Noli Me Tangere, Crisostmo Ibarra, under the guise of the
wealthy jeweller named Don Simoun (Roeder Camañag).

BALLET
- a theatrical presentation of group and solo dancer to a musical arrangement usually
in costume with scenic effects and conveying story, theme, or atmosphere.

RAMA HARI
- a musical presentation presented by the Ballet Philippines at the CCP Main Theater.
- The lyrics of Rama Hari are translated by National Artist Rolando Tinio, liberetto by
Bienvenido Lumbres, the National Artist for Literature, Music by Ryan Cayabyab,
 sets and costume by Salvador Bernal, national artist for Theater design and
choreography by Alice Reyes.
- The story of Rama Hari is set in Mithila. Rama, the son of King Daratha and his
brother Lakshmana are on their way from a mission when they heard Wayamara (a
means by which lady Sita), the daughter of King Jonaka, would choose a husband
for herself.
- A test for all suitors was set by the King and Rama bested the other suitors and
claimed Sita for his bride.
- The wedding ceremony is filled with pomp and pageantry. Soon King Daratha
wants to pass his crown to Rama, his chosen son but his third wife Kaikeyi wants
her son Bhara to inherit the crown. She planned for Rama and Sita to be
banished from the kingdom for fourteen years.
- In the woods of Panchavati, Rama and Sita were accompanied by his brother
Lakshmana. They were happy and danced in celebration but the demon Ravana
and his sister Soorpakha came and took Sita away. But Lakshmana saved Sita and
was freed.
- However, the powerful Ravana, transformed the Soorpanakha into a golden deer
that grazes in the wood where Sita and Rama are. Then Sita was again taken by
Ravana.
- Rama asked the monkey people to get back Sita, so they fought Ravana in Lanka
and Freed Sita. Soon Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana went back to the kingdom.
Bharatha relinquishes the throne in favor of Rama.
- Rama Hari is based on the Indian Epic The Ramayana and is told through both song
and dance. The interaction of the singers and the dancers on stage shows how they
are intrinsically linked to each other. It is an ingenuous way to introduce dance
modern ballet to a new generation of audience who are intimidated by the perception
of the art.

MGA KUWENTO NI LOLA BASYANG

- The Classic Children's stories of Severino Reyes is set to dance in Tatlong Kuwento
ni Lola Basyang.
- Luz Fernandez played the iconic grandmother storyteller. Her emphatic voice and
countenance are endearingly familiar to Pinoy viewers. She has the wit and charm of
a doting grandmother whose passion is to entertain grandkids with stories that are
filled with learning and values.

Among the dance and stories of Lola Basyang are:

● Ang Labindalawang Masayang Prinsesa - chiefly choreographed by Macuja
Elizalde
● Ang Palasyo ng mga Duwende - in the story, the heroine Yani was victimized by an
envious and scheming stepmother and stepsister. The dwarves were played by little
children.
● Anting-Anting -This is a horror-fantasy comedy featuring Huan, a cowardly hero
who wants to overcome his fears to win the maiden he loves. The entire dance
involved much acting from the dancer and had all the elements of slapstick comedy
and the use of exaggerated boisterous moments to portray how Huan is bullied by
the young townmates.
 - The dance ended with a farewell scene where Huan finds himself hunted by ghosts
inside a cemetery as he tries to acquire Anting-Anting.

ATANG DELA RAMA (Honorata dela Rama-Hernandez)

- was a singer and vaudeville performer who became the first Filipina actress. She
was born in Tondo, Manila on January 11, 1902. By the age of 7, she was already
starring in Spanish Zarsuelas. At the age of 15, she starred in the sarsuela
"Dalagang Bukid," where she became known for singing the song. "Nabasag na
Banga."

Among the Kundiman she popularized were:

● Madaling Araw
● Kung iibig ka
● Ay, Ay Kalisud
● Pakiusap
● Mutya ng Pasig

- She fought for the dominance of the Kundiman, an important Philippine Folk song
and the sarsuela, which is a musical play that focused on contemporary Filipino
issues such as usury, cockfighting, and colonial mentality.

FLORANTE AT LAURA
- The history of Florante and Laura in the Kingdom of Albania: is a story poem by
Francisco Baltazar which was adapted from some historical pictures or paintings
that tell of what happened in early times in the Greek Empire. The story was set to
rhyme by one delighting in Tagalog verse by Francisco Balagtas. It is considered as
one of the masterpieces of Philippine Literature. Balagtas wrote the epic during his
imprisonment.

KATY DELA CRUZ

- Katy the musical is a Filipino language biographical musical based on the life of Katy
de la Cruz, considered the Queen of Philippine vaudeville and jazz. The musical
play was under Ryan Cayabyab and lyrics by Jose Javier Reyes.

DARAGANG MAGAYON
- Daragang Magayon - an Istorya Ni Mayon boasts of a new twist: the use of
multimedia - to the story of how the volcano was born. This is a presentation of
E-Dance Theater. The Provincial Government of Albay, Bicol University in
cooperation with Goodwill Bookstore and Ballet Philippines. Two of the country's
famous artists collaborated on Daragang Magayon. National Artist for Literature
Virgilio S. Almario (Rio Alma) penned the poetry of this new production, while Gawad
CCP for arts awardee Ramon P. Santos composed the music.
- Daragang Magayon is the heroine that appears in the legend of Mt. Mayon in Albay,
Philippines. Her name means beautiful lady ("daraga" - lady or maiden," "magayon -
beautiful"). On certain days, when the tip of the volcano is covered by clouds, old
folks say the Panginoon is kissing Magayon, and afterward, when rain trickles
down the gentle slopes of the volcano, it means it was the tears of Panginoon
crying over his lost love Magayon.
 ARTS
ORIGINAL PERFORMANCE WITH LIVE MEDIA

Theater - The word theater is derived from the Greek "theatron" meaning a place for seeing
and also concerns the art of presentation.
- one of the performing arts of which the building is only a part.
● Drama - refers to the literary basis of a theatrical presentation, the assumption being
that the written record contains the essential elements of the human experience
enacted in the theater.

THEATRICAL ELEMENTS
● The important elements in a theater are: audience, place, and theater performer.
Audience - Theater occurs during the time that the audience is actually witnessing the
presentation.
Place - the area on stage where all the performances are performed. It has imaginative
properties calculated to stir the audience.
Theater Performer - The performer uses himself, his body, his voice, his sensibility as the
medium through which he communicates with an audience. Their gesture is an expressive
movement of the body that is said or done to show a feeling-The costume shows the overall
appearance of the performer or character.

ROLES IN PRODUCTION
● A theater is composed of different individuals doing different roles in order to
assure the success of the presentation.

These are:
● Playwright - Is one who writes drama and plays.
Among the early Filipino playwrights were:
1. Francisco Baltazar (Balagtas)
2. Pedro A. Paterno
3. Pascual H. Poblete
4. Severino Reyes
5. Juan Abad
6. Avelino Tolentino
7. Hernandez llagan
8. Pantaleon Lopez
9. Jose Ma. Rivera
10. Patricio Mariano
11. Juan Crisostomo
● Theater or Stage Director - an instructor in the theater field, the one who oversees
and orchestrates the mounting of a theater production (play, opera, or musical work)
by identifying various endeavors and aspects of production. His/her function is to
ensure the quality and completion of theater production and to lead the members of
the creative team into realizing their artistic vision for it. The director is the primary
visionary who makes decision in the artistic concept and interpretation of the play
 and staging by utilizing a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and levels of
collaboration with other workers involved in the production.
● Actors/Actress - a person portraying a character in a dramatic or comic production.
He/ she interprets a character in the play.
● Choreographer - composes and arrange the dance patterns to the accompaniment
of music. He/she invents the steps and organize these into dance form.
● Stage Manager - one who has the overall responsibility for stage management and
the smooth execution of a production.
● Stage Designer:
- Lighting Designer - works with the director, choreographer, set designer and
sound designer to create the lighting atmosphere and time of the day for the
production in reference to the text. He keeps in mind issues of visibility, safety,
and cost.
- has diverse works which include rocks and pop tours, corporate
launches, art installation, and spectacular celebration like the opening
and closing of Olympic Games.
- Scenic Designer - searches for evidences through research to produce
conceptual ideas that best support the content and values of visual elements.
Scenic Designer is responsible for developing a complete set of design and
plane using a 3D CAD Model of set design which include:
1. Basic ground plan showing all stationary scene elements
2. Ground plan showing all moving elements indicating both on stage
and stationary position
3. Section of the stage space incorporating all elements
4. Front elevation of every scene elements
● Costume Designer - fabricates clothing for the overall appearance of a presentation
or simply decorate a character.
- The Two Masks - in drama represent the traditional generic division between
comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia
(the laughing face) and Melpomene (the weeping face)
- Masks were used in Greek drama to identify the character. The
Chinese use color to identify characters Ex. gold for gods, green for
demon
Four types of costumes are used in theatrical design:
- Historical
- Fantasy
- Dance
- Modern

GESTURE, MOVEMENT, AND DANCE IN THEATER

● Theater presentation may have different activity by the performer which includes
body movements, gesture, and dance. Dance is the continuous movement of the
body to a certain rhythm and within a given area. It may be an expression of emotion,
an outlét for surplus energy, or simply source of joy.

In order for movement to qualify as dancing it must have certain basic elements:
1. Design - rhythm, planned organization, or pattern of movement
2. Step - basic/routine actions.
 - Ex. walking, running, jumping
3. Gesture - sign language that express emotion
4. Dynamics - the tension, effort or energy by which a movement is executed
5. Technique - a skill in executing a movement

● The effect of dancing may be heightened by related elements such as music and
costume.
● Dance is related to music. The visual elements of costume and properties also
contribute to dance.
● Dance may also use gestures which express specific emotions or ideas in mind or
sign language.
Ex: - The brandishing of a spear indicates anger
- The soft stamp of foot of Japanese dancers represents a battle
- The Hindu dance rippling hands - signify water

HEALTH
POLLUTION
Air Pollution - the main cause of air pollution is smoke and exhaust that build up and stay
in the air for a long time.
- SMOG (Smoke and fog) is a deadly air pollutant.
Water Pollution - caused by different substances that are dumped or washed into the
waterways such as rivers, lakes, streams, and the ocean.
These substances include:
● Human wastes from residential areas
● Chemicals and pesticides from factories
● Oil spillages from tankers
● Acids from the mining area.
Land Pollution - Wastes not properly disposed of such as garbage left in open dumps,
becomes the breeding ground for rats, flies, and other disease carriers. Poorly designed
landfill operations may leak wastes into the water supply, improper techniques add to the
problem of air pollution.
These are the different substances that pollute the land:
1. Garbage - people are the sources of garbage that pollute the land.
- Recycling is one system that can minimize the volume of garbage that
people will turn to waste.
2. Mining Wastes - wastes product from mining includes chemicals and slag.
- Mining causes landslides that kill many people.
3. Industrial and Chemical Wastes - hazardous products from factories
include: plastics, paint and chemicals used to kill insects. The use of plastic
bags is not regulated by the government. A biodegradable plastic must be
used instead of the non -degradable ones.