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7 views

Phy Project

Uploaded by

jowanalexdavid
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Physics

Investigatory
project
SUBJECT:
SELF INDUCTANCE OF A COIL

NAME:JOWAN ALEX DAVID


GRADE:12 F
INTRODUCTION

 In electromagnetism and electronics, inductance is the property of an electrical


conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive
force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual
inductance.
What is self-inductance?
 Self-inductance is the tendency of a coil to resist changes in current. Whenever
current changes through a coil, they induce an EMF, which is proportional to
the rate of change of current through the coil.

 As the strength of the current in the coil is changed, the flux linked with the
coil also changes.

According to Lenz’s law a changing electric current through a circuit that


contains inductance induces a proportional voltage, which opposes the change
in current (self-inductance).
Theory
A solenoid is a coil of insulated or enameled wire wound on a rod-shaped form
made of solid iron, solid steel, or powdered iron.

Uses of Self Inductance

The major function of an inductor is to store electrical energy in the form of a


magnetic field. Inductors are used in the following:
 Tuning circuits
 Sensors
 Store energy in a device
 Induction motors
 Transformers

Limitations of Inductors

1. An inductor is limited in its current-carrying capacity by its resistance and


dissipates heat.
2. Inductors may affect the nearby components in the circuit with their
magnetic fields.

Self-Inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the change in current


through it. The Self Inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is

L =μ0μrN2 A/l
dØ/dt α dI/dt
Or,
dØ/dt = L dI/dt , where L is a constant of proportionality called Coefficient of
Self Inductance.
From Laws of Electromagnetic Induction,
E = -L dØ/dt
Thus, self induction is Self Induced EMF developed due to rate of change of
current.
Suppose we have an Inductor(solenoid) of length ‘L’ having no of turns ‘N’
connected to a source where current is 0 at t=0, then due to change of flux,
a local emf is developed,
Ø= L.I …..(1)
Again,
Ø=BNA,
For a Solenoid,
B= µoNI/l
Thus,
Ø=.……………………….(2)

From (1) and (2) -

Thus, co-efficient of self inductance is independent of current, but, depends


on the no. of turns as well as length of solenoid.
μr = μμμ°
Where μr= Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material,
1. N= Total number of turns in solenoid
2. A= Area of cross section of solenoid
3. l= Length of solenoid
Therefore, the self-inductance of the coil is dependent on
 Number of turns in coil(N), L∝N2
 Geometry of coil, L=A,L∝1/l
 Nature of core material, L=μ
When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb) with a variable
source of frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is

Erms
I rms=
Z

Where Z= (R2 + ω2L2)½=Impedance of the A.C. Circuit


R= Resistance of bulb
L= Self Inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of A.C. source.

The brightness of bulb, i.e, heat generated in bulb is

H=I2rmsZt OR P=H/t=I2rmsZ

P=I2rms(R2+ω2L2)1/2
Difference between Mutual inductance and self inductance

Self-Inductance Mutual Inductance


Changing current in a coil induces an Changing current in one coil induces
emf and opposes the change in emf in another coil and opposes the
current. change in current.
L = μr μ0 n2 A l M = μr μ0 n1n2π r21 l

APPLICATION OF SELF-INDUCTANCE

One of the most common uses of self-inductance is in Tesla coils, which are
useful in various situations.

Tesla coil

A Tesla coil is a type of radio frequency oscillator that generates high


voltages and low currents by driving an air-core double-tuned resonant
transformer. Let’s define a radio frequency oscillator so that we can all
comprehend it better. The electronic oscillator is primarily known to us as a
device that generates electrical signals in the form of square waves or sine
waves. This electronic oscillator, sometimes referred to as a radio frequency
oscillator, generates signals between 20 kHz and 100 GHz.
This coil comprises two main sections – a primary coil and a secondary coil, with each coil
having its own capacitor. A spark gap links the coil sand capacitors. The usefulness of the
spark gap is to generate the spark to excite the system.

Applications:

● Aluminium welding

● Cars use these coils for the spark plug ignition

● Created Tesla coil fans, used to generate artificial lighting, sounds like music

● Tesla coils in Entertainment and Education industry are used as attractions


at electronics fairs and science museums

● High vacuum systems and arc lighters

● Vacuum system leak detector

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