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Sorting Materials Into Group

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19 views

Sorting Materials Into Group

Uploaded by

charliecharliestory
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS

Objects around us are made up of a large variety of materials.

Different types of materials have different properties.

Classification: The process of sorting and grouping things according to some basis is’ called classification.

Basis of grouping: We can group materials on the basis of the similarities and differences in their properties.

Uses of a material: Uses of a material depend on its properties and the purpose for which it has to be used.

Grouping On The Basis Of Common Properties:


Objects are made of different materials. One material can be used to make different objects. This is possible
because different types of materials have different properties. We have to choose materials with the right
properties based on what we want to use it for. For example, a chalk made of wood or plastic would be of no
use because it cannot be used to write on the blackboard.

Grouping materials helps us


to describe their properties.

We group materials for our


convenience.

Some properties of the


materials are

(a) Appearance
(b) Hardness
(c) Floatation in water
(d) Solubility/Miscibility
(e) Material transparency
(f) Conduction of heat and
electricity.
(g) Magnetic property. Rubber, plastic ,paper,etc

Appearance: Lustre is the


shine of a material. All metals in pure state are shiny and said to possess lustre. This property of metals is
widely used for making jewelry and other decorative articles. Materials like gold, silver, and copper have lustre.

Hardness and softness: Materials which can be pressed, cut, scratched or bent easily are called soft while
some other materials which cannot be pressed, cut, scratched or bent easily are called hard; for example, cotton
is soft while wood is hard.

Floatation: Certain materials float on water whereas others sink. This property of a material to float on water is
called floatation. Generally, materials like wood, leaf, and feather float on water whereas rock and metal sink.
Floatation depends on the shape and buoyancy of the substance, which can make it less dense than water.
Solubility/ Miscibility: Materials (Solid, gas) that dissolve in water are said to be soluble in water, while liquid
that dissolves in water are called miscible in water. Materials that do not dissolve in water are said to be
insoluble in water. Liquids that do not dissolve in water are said to be immiscible in water. For example,
kerosene, coconut oil, and diesel.

Transparency:
Materials that allow all the light to pass through them are called transparent materials
Materials that allow light to pass through them partially are called translucent materials
Materials that do not allow light to pass through them are called opaque materials

Attraction towards a magnet:


Materials that are attracted to a magnet are called magnetic materials. This property is called magnetism.
Objects made of iron are attracted to a magnet. In addition to iron, nickel and cobalt are also attracted to a
magnet.

Conduction of heat and electricity:


Materials that allow heat to flow through them are called conductors of heat whereas those that do not allow
heat to flow through them are called insulators of heat.
Generally, metals are conductors of heat whereas non-metals like wood, plastic, glass, bamboo, air, and paper
are insulators of heat.. Materials that conduct electricity are called conductors. Materials that do not conduct
electricity are called insulators. The metal wires conduct or transmit electricity whereas the plastic covering do
not For example, metals are conductors of electricity; wood, air, and plastic are insulators.

QUESTIONS:

1. Why cups are made of paper and not cloth?

Answer: Generally, we use cups, which are made by glass, plastic and metal, which contain liquid. Cups,
which are made by cloth, cannot hold a liquid due to the following reasons:

(i) Cloth piece is very light to hold liquids

(ii) Cloth piece contain micro pores through which the liquid oozes out.

2. Mention the similarities between copper, iron and aluminum.

Answer:
(a) All of them have lustre,
(b) All are metals,
(c) They are hard.
(d) They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

3. Universal solvent (water) is very essential for the human body. Why?

Answer: The universal solvent can dissolve large number of substances. So it is essential for the human body.
It constitutes major part of cells located in human body.

4. Lustre (shine) is the property of metals. Certain metal articles become dull and lose their shine why?
Give reason
Answer: Metals react with moisture when exposed to air and gases present in it, hence forming a dull layer of
other compounds on it. For E.g. Copper, Iron, aluminium etc.

5. Coconut oil, Kerosene, mustard will not dissolve in water even if it was mixed with agitation. Forming
two different layers, they separate after sometime. Explain why.
Answer: The molecules of oil do not mix evenly with the molecules of water. Oil cannot take the space
between water molecules therefore, they are immiscible.

6. Suggest a non-metal that has lustre.


Answer: Iodine
7. Metals generally exist in solid state and are hard. Mention a metal, which exists in state of liquid, and
a metal, which was soft and could be cut with the knife.
Answer: Metal mercury exists in the state of liquid at room temperature. Potassium and sodium can be cut with
the common knife because they are soft.

8. Mention the hardest substance that occurs naturally that you know of.
Answer: The substance is diamond, fully formed by carbon

9. “Grouping of objects helps the shopkeeper,” Elaborate on the statement.

Answer: Grouping helps the shopkeeper in the following ways:


(i) The object can be easily and quickly located.
(ii) He will easily identify the goods that are getting sold out and he can buy those for his customers again.

10. Name the gases which exist naturally and are soluble in water.

Answer: The gases are Carbon dioxide and Oxygen. It is very important for survival of plants and animals in
the aquatic habitat.

Table of soluble and insoluble substances


Materials soluble/miscible in water Materials insoluble/immiscible in water
1 Glycerin Flour
2. Washing soda/powder Chalk powder
3. Common salt Sand
4. Sugar Wax
5 Alcohol kerosene
6 Vinegar Coconut oil
7 Copper Sulphate Ground glass
8 Carbon dioxide Nitrogen
9 Oxygen Methane
10 Honey Diesel
Video links for reference:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhRIMy7bmmM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1ER5suyr0s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQtzXvXMBrw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPP5ls5Ei8I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZPURSF5iH4

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