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Lecture-8 High Speed Effects

This document discusses aircraft icing effects at high speeds. It outlines the problem formulation and solution methods for flowfield solutions, droplet trajectories, heat transfer coefficients, and an extended Messinger model. It then discusses test case results and conclusions on how compressibility significantly impacts ice accumulation mass, shape, and extent.

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şerafettin kuyu
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6 views

Lecture-8 High Speed Effects

This document discusses aircraft icing effects at high speeds. It outlines the problem formulation and solution methods for flowfield solutions, droplet trajectories, heat transfer coefficients, and an extended Messinger model. It then discusses test case results and conclusions on how compressibility significantly impacts ice accumulation mass, shape, and extent.

Uploaded by

şerafettin kuyu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aircraft Icing

High Speed Flow Effects

Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖZGEN


Dept. Aerospace Engineering, METU
December 2020
Outline

• Problem formulation and solution method


– Flowfield solution,
– Droplet trajectories and collection efficiencies,
– Convective heat transfer coefficients,
– Extended Messinger Method.
• Results and discussion
• Conclusions

2
Problem formulation - flowfield solution

• In order to determine the flow velocities required for droplet


trajectory calculations, 2-D Hess-Smith panel method is used.
• The solution also provides the external velocity distribution
around the wing section required for boundary layer
calculations yielding the convective heat transfer coefficients.

3
Problem formulation - flowfield solution
• Incompressible Hess –Smith panel solution yields (anywhere
in the flow):
Vx = V + u , Vy = v .
u and v : perturbati on velocity components in incompressible flow.

• Perturbation velocity components after applying Prandtl-


Glauert compressibility correction:

uˆ = u / 1 − M 2 , vˆ = v / 1 − M 2 .

• Therefore:
Vx = V + uˆ, Vy = vˆ.
4
Problem formulation - droplet trajectories

Following assumptions are employed for droplets:


– Droplets are assumed to be spherical,
– The droplets do not affect the flow field,
– Gravity and aerodynamic drag are the only forces acting on the
droplets.

5
Problem formulation - droplet trajectories
Equations of motion for the droplets:
mxp = − D cos  ,
myp = − D sin  + mg ,
y p − V y
 = tan −1
,
x p − Vx
D = 1  aV 2C D Ap ,
2
V = (x p − Vx ) + ( y p − V y ) : droplet relative velocity.
2 2
 
Vx , V y : local airflow velocity components.
Droplet drag coefficients are calculated using the drag law given
by Gent et al.

6
Droplet trajectories

7
Droplet collection efficiency

dyo yo
= =
ds s

8
Problem formulation -
convective heat transfer coefficients
• The current study employs a 2-D Integral Boundary Layer
Method for the calculation of the convective heat transfer
coefficients.
• Previous and present results show that the accuracy achieved
with this approach is adequate for the purposes of this study.

9
Problem formulation -
Extended Messinger Model
T ki  2T
= ; energy equation in the ice layer
t  i C pi y 2

 k w  2
= ; energy equation in the water layer
t  wC pw y 2

B h
i + w =  a V ; mass balance
t t
B T 
 i LF = ki − kw ; phase change (Stefan) condition
t y y

10
Problem formulation -
Extended Messinger Model
• Initial and boundary conditions:
– Ice is in perfect contact with the airfoil surface:
T (0, t ) = Ts ,
V2 − U e2 1 + 0.2rM 2
Ts = Ta + .
2C p 1 + 0.2 M 2

– The temperature is continuous at the ice/water boundary and is


equal to the freezing temperature, Tf:
T (B, t ) =  (B, t ) = T f .
– Airfoil surface is initially clean:
B = h = 0, t = 0.

11
Problem formulation -
Extended Messinger Model
• Initial and boundary conditions (cont’d):
- At the air/water or air/ice interface, heat flux is determined by
convection Qc, heat from incoming droplets Qd, evaporation Qe (or
sublimation Qs), aerodynamic heating Qa, kinetic energy of incoming
droplets Qk, latent heat release during solidification Ql and radiation
Qr.

12
Results and discussion – test cases studied
• Airfoil: NACA 0012,
• Median volume diameter: 20 microns

Parameter Case 37 Case 38 Case 39


c (m) 0.152 0.152 0.465
α (o) 0 8.5 8.0
V (m/s) 130.5 130.5 131.5
Ta (oC) -12.3 -12.3 -3.9
LWC (g/m3) 0.50 0.50 0.60
MVD (microns) 17.5 17.5 20.0
texp (s) 120 120 180

13
Results and discussion (Case 37)

14
Results and discussion (Case 38)

15
Results and discussion (Case 39)

16
Conclusions
• Compressibility has a significant effect on the mass, shape and
extent of accumulated ice.
• Neglect of compressibility effects results in smoother shapes
with larger mass.
• Due to aerodynamic heating, stagnation regions have
warmer surface temperatures than the freezing temperature
preventing ice formation there.
• Inclusion of compressibility effects result in more realistic and
conservative ice shapes for aerodynamic performance
prediction.

17

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