Source: http://www.doksi.

net

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History of Architecture
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Arch. Kevin Espina
Source: http://www.doksi.net

Introduction
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE REFERENCES

What are the board exams like? 1. Ching, Francis D.K., A Visual Dictionary
Dic tionary of Architecture

1. Memorization is necessary – you must remember many 2. Fletcher, Bannister, A History of Architecture 20th Ed.
facts
3. Mercado, Jose L., The Architectural Reviewer Volume
2. Wide in Scope – from pre-historic to m odern styles III: History & Theory of Architecture

3. Repetitive – questions from previous exams are reused 4. Salvan, George S., Architectural Character & the History
of Architecture
4. History amounts to only around 10% of your total score
s core
5. The Children’s Atlas of W orld History

6. The World Atlas of Architecture

OUR METHOD OF STUDYING HISTORY: DEFINITIONS

To try not to m emorize… but to understand History of Architecture

• "It is a record of man's effort to build beautifully. It traces
e History is not a list of facts… it is a story that can be retold the origin, growth and decline of architectural styles which
r over and over have prevailed lands and ages."
u
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c Historic Styles of Architecture
e • "The particular m ethod, the characteristics, manner of
t
i design which prevails at a certain place and time.“
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c Six Influences of Architecture
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• Geographical
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• Geological
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o • Climatic
• Religious
y • Social
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o • Historical
t
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i Four Great Constructive Principles
h 1. Post & Lintel Construction
2. Arch & Vault Construction
3. Corbel or Cantilever Construction
4. Trussed Construction
Source: http://www.doksi.net

Introduction

The Historical
Timeline of Architecture

Egyptian Byzantine

Pre-Historic Greek Roman Early Christian Romanesque Gothic Renaissance 18th -19th C: 20th C:
PRE-HISTORIC
e Revival Modern
NEAR EAST r
EGYPTIAN u
GREEK t
c
ROMAN e
t
EARLY CHRISTIAN i Near East Islamic

BYZANTINE
h
c
ROMANESQUE
r
GOTHIC
a
RENAISSANCE
f
18TH-19TH C REVIVAL o
20TH C MODERN
y
ISLAMIC r Indian Chinese & Japanese
o
INDIAN t
CHINESE & JAPANESE s
i
FILIPINO
h
Source: http://www.doksi.net

Pre-historic

The Historical
Timeline of Architecture

Pre-Historic
PRE-HISTORIC
e
NEAR EAST r
EGYPTIAN u
GREEK t
c
ROMAN e
t
EARLY CHRISTIAN i
BYZANTINE
h
c
ROMANESQUE
r
GOTHIC
a
RENAISSANCE
f
18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
o
20TH C MODERN
y
ISLAMIC r
o
INDIAN t
CHINESE & JAPANESE s
i
FILIPINO
h
Source: http://www.doksi.net

Pre-historic
• Humans spread from Africa into Southern Europe, Asia
• Could not settle far north due to the cold
c old climate
• From Siberia by foot into North Am erica
• From Southeast Asia by boat into Australia

• Before 9000 BC, nomadic life of hunting & food gathering

• By 9000 BC, farming and agriculture was practiced
• Fertile soil and plentiful food
• Animal domestication for work, m ilk, wool

• People wanted to settle down, live in comm unities

PRE-HISTORIC
e • First villages in the Middle East, South America, Central
NEAR EAST r INFLUENCES America, India and China
EGYPTIAN u
GREEK t
c HISTORY
ROMAN e • Direct human ancestors evolved in Africa from 2.3 million
t
EARLY CHRISTIAN i years ago - Homo habilis, Homo erectus, homo sapiens,
BYZANTINE
h
c
homo sapiens sapiens
ROMANESQUE
r
GOTHIC
a
RENAISSANCE
f
18TH-19TH C REVIVAL o
20TH C MODERN
y
ISLAMIC r
o • Some people needed not farm, so they spent time on
INDIAN t other work - pot-making, metal-working, art and…
CHINESE & JAPANESE s
i architecture!
FILIPINO
h
• The success of the human race was largely due to the RELIGION
development of tools – made of stone, wood, bone • No organized religion
• The dead are treated with respect - burial rituals and
monuments