3 PERSPECTIVES OF HOSPITALITY

1. THE GUEST PERSPECTIVE B. EXCURSIONIST

- People who serve and give products - are temporary visitors staying in a
must achieve the expectations of place less than 24 hours in the
their guest – receive good hospitality destination that they have visited.
making customers or the guest feel They do not make overnight stay and
comfortable and well-served. may include cruise travelers.

2. THE OPRATOR PERSPECTIVE DOMESTIC TOURIST

- To be able to be considered as - comprises the activities of residents

hospitable, the operator must be of a given country travelling to and
successful in making guests staying in places inside their
comfortable and well-catered. residential country, but outside their
usual environment for not more than
12 consecutive months for leisure,
3. THE TECH PERSPECTIVE business, or other purposes.

- With technology, restaurants and

hotels use reservation, seating, and
INBOUND TOURISM
guest management tools to reduce
such problems.
- visits to a country by visitors who
are not residents of that country.
MEANING OF TOURIST

OUTBOUND TOURISM
- The origin of the word “tourist” dates to the
year 1292 A.D.
- visits by residents of a country
outside that country.
- “Tourism” or “tourist” word is related to the
word “tour” which is derived from Latin ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL
word “tornus” it means a tool for describing
a circle-or a turner’s wheel. It is from the
word “tornus” the notion of a “round tour” 1. REASONS FOR JOURNEY
or a “package tour” has come in vogue.
- a crucial element of travel as if there
is no reason for a person to visit a
- 1643 the term was first used in the sense of place then there would be not any
going round or travelling from places to travel or journey.
places, around an excursion, a journey.

2. DISTANCE TO TRAVEL
- A more balanced description may be that a
- Under this, the tourist must consider
tour represents an attempt by the traveler to
the difference between local and
discover something about a place he visits.
international travelling. Preparing
and planning may differ from local
2 CLASSES OF VISITORS travelling- which may include using
local money, using the right transport
mechanism and choice of clothes;
A. TOURIST international travelling –convert
local money to the currency of the
- are temporary visitors staying in a
place to travel, transport such as
place at least or more than 24 hours.
planes or ships.
 WITHOUT EVEN INSISTING PEOPLE

TO BUY THEM.
3. LENGTH OF STAY AT THE IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND
DESTINATION HOSPITALITY
- The definition of tourist and
excursionists by UNWTO is directly
associated with this element. 1. ECONOMIC PROGRESSION

- one of the major significances of

4. RESIDENCE IF THE TOURIST tourism and hospitality sectors is
their contribution to the economy of
- This is an important element for the the country. According to the DOT,
destination’s government for them to 12.7 % of the Philippines’s GDP
monitor which country or race visits (gross domestic product) in 2019
their country frequently. was from the sector of Tourism.

5. FORM OF TRAVEL 2. GENERATION OF EMPLOYMENT

- It is considered also to be a crucial - Because of the increase in numbers

element to travel and as mentioned of tourists visiting countries, there
before the other factors can will also be the number of employees
contribute to what form of transport needed to provide human resources
is selected. to these tourists. About 5.4 million
people were employed in the major
sectors in tourism and hospitality –
transport, accommodation, food and
CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM beverages, hotel, and restaurants – in
AND HOSPITALITY 2009 (DOT, Philippines).

1. THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IS

3. PROMOTION OF CULTURE AND
DYNAMIC. CULTURAL HERETAGE

2. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY - Tourism and Hospitality industry

provide a stage to emphasize, share
INDUSTRY IS SEASONAL and explain the beauty of different
culture, history and arts of a specific
3. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IS A country or place.
LABOR-EXTENSIVE INDUSTRY.

4. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IS 4. SOCIETEAL PROGRESS

PEOPLE-ORIENTED. - Tourism and Hospitality are good

ways for a successful cultural
5. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IS A exchange. In the same way the
people in the area where the tourist
MULTIDIMENSIONAL visits may also adapt same of the
traditions and ways of the tourist.
PEHNOMENON.

6. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

5. SIGNIFICANCE TO EDUCATION
PRODUCTS ARE UNLIMITED.
- Tourism and Hospitality services
7. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY also affect education – especially
those related to movement from one
PRODUCTS ARE PURCHASED
place to another such as educational
 tours, school seminars and and hospitality may overcome
international conferences. prejudices and foster international;
brotherhood creating harmony and
peace.
6. DISPERSION OF DEVELOPMENT 11. FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNING
- One of the most important
- The demand of international contributions of industry is to help
competition in Tourism and the growth of the economy of the
Hospitality provides means to spread country. All touring expenditure
wealth among different countries and incurred by foreign tourists is a
not only limit it to some of the well- source of foreign exchange earnings.
developed counties. This will cause Many countries of the world make it
distribution of people and money and mandatory for tourists from abroad
may bridge the gap between the rich to carry a certain amount of foreign
and the poor. currency for the entire length of their
stay.

7. ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM AND

PRESENTATION HOSPITALITY
- The Tourism and hospitality industry
 ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC
exposes different places and cultures
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
with unique characteristics and
(OECD)
natural beauty. The knowledge of
- a unique forum where the
these places and culture will help
governments of 37 democracies with
people to support the preservation of
market-based economies collaborate
such beauty and prevent them from
to develop policy standards to
losing their significance in the world.
promote sustainable economic
growth.
8. BUILD STRONG RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN COUNTRIES
- The well-developed and designed
 ECONOMIC IMPACT
tourism and hospitality can help
create a bridge for the psychological - The tourism and hospitality
and cultural distances which industry’s economic impact on a
separates different people based on destination area can be immense
race, language, colors, since it provides a source of income,
socioeconomic status, and religion. employment, and foreign exchange.

9. BUSINESS PLANNING STRATEGIES

FOR ROAD DEVELOPMENT,  DIRECT AND SECONDARY EFFECTS
HOUSING, OR INDUSTRIAL
BUILDING - To measure the economic impact of
- By the upholding of tourism for the tourism and hospitality on the
preservation of environment, people destination area, it is important to
in these industries may help the know the direct and secondary
government to plan road and effects of visitor expenditures on the
industrial development with economy of the areas.
sensitivity to their environment
implications. OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE (ODI) WORLD BANK
10. WORLD’S PEACE INDUSTRY IDENTIFIED 3 MAIN PATHWAYS OF
- People of different races, regions and THE HOW TOURISM AND
culture are distanced from each other HOSPITALITY IMPACTS THE
by many factors. But because ECONOMY OF A COUNTRY
tourism and hospitality can provide
ways for these people to have strong
A. DIRECT IMPACT
relationships and better
understanding of each other, tourism
 - the wages and earnings of those who
participate directly in the sector as
workers entrepreneurs which directly
receive the actual payment or income of income introduced into the
from tourist expenditures. economy.

B. INDIRECT EFFECTS
K = multiplier
- occur through the tourism value
chain. The money received from the Y = the change in income generated by E
tourist expenditures will be used in
E = the change in expenditure (the initial sum of
turn to buy supplies such as raw
money spent by the tourist)
materials, food, beverages, and
materials for construction,
transportation, furniture and so on.
This is also known as a secondary
effect. K = multiplier
L = the direct first-round leakages
C = the tendency to consume
C. DYNAMIC EFFECTS
CJ = the proportion of that propensity spent abroad
- tourism and hospitality can affect the
TIC = the indirect tax
livelihood strategies of local
households, business climate for TD = the value of direct deductions (income tax,
small enterprise development, national insurance, and so on)
patterns of growth of the local or
B = the level of government benefits
national economy and the
infrastructure or natural resource M = the value of imports
base of the destination.

NOTE:
 TOURISM MULTIPLIER
Most developing economies have an income
- Is used to estimate the direct and multiplier range between 0.6 and 1.2, while
secondary effects of tourist developing economies have a range between 1.7
expenditures on the economy of a and 2.0.

COST-BENEFIT
UNDESIRABLE RATIO (CBR)
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
OF TOURISM

The tourist used in cost benefit analysis in tourist

and hospitality industry summarize the overall
relationship between the relative cost and extent
of potential benefits of the industry.
- some undesirable economic aspects of tourism
company. and hospitality are higher prices and economic
instability, because of additional demand and/or
 MULTIPLIER – used to increased imports, tourist purchases may result
describe the total in higher prices in a destination area. This would
effect, both direct mean that residents would also have to pay more
and secondary, of for products and services.
an external source

THE FORMULA FOR TOURISM

MULTIPLIER
 currency that tourists can bring in
HOW TO MAXIMIZE THE and take out of the destination to
ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ensure that foreign currency is used
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY to pay bills in the host region.

TOURISM NETWORK AND SUPPLY

COMPONENTS  TRAVEL INDUSTRY

1. GROWTH THEORIES - is the composite of organizations,

both private and public, that are
BALANCED GROWTH
- this theory states that tourism and
hospitality need the support of other
TOURISM SUPPLY COMPONENTS
industries.
involved in the development,
UNBALANCED GROWTH production, and marketing of
products and services to serve the
- this theory emphasizes the need to needs of the travelers.
expand demand.
COMPONENTS OF THE TRAVEL
INDUSTRY
2. ECONOMIC STRATEGIES

- The key to economic effects of

tourism and hospitality is to
maximize the amount of revenue and
jobs developed within the region. A. DIRECT PROVIDERS
- To attain this objective some
- Includes businesses that are
economic strategies have been
associated with travel, such as
adopted, such as import substitution,
airlines, hotels, restaurants, ground
incentive, and foreign exchange.
transportation, travel agencies and
retail shops.
- These businesses provide services,
3. IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
activities, and products that are
- It imposes quotas or tariffs on the consumed and/or purchased directly
importation of goods which can be by travelers.
developed locally, it also grants - They represent the sectors of the
subsidies, grants, or loans to local industry that are visible to the
industries to encourage the use of travelers.
local materials.
- Its objective is to minimize the
leakage of money. B. SUPPORT SERVICES

- Lend support to direct providers.

- It includes specialized services such
4. INCENTIVES as tour organizers, travel and trade
publications, hotel management
- The wise use of incentives can
firms, and travel research firms.
encourage the influx of capital, both
- It also includes basic supplies and
local and foreign, necessary to
services such as contract laundry and
develop tourism and hospitality
contract food services.
supply.
- Support services sell goods and
services directly but not exclusively
5. FOREIGN EXCHANGE to tourists.

- Many countries have placed

restrictions on spending to maximize C. DEVELOPMENTAL ORGANIZATION
foreign exchange earnings. They
have limited the amount of their own
 -
It includes planners, government - Service providers should be
agencies, financial institutions, real assisted in developing
estate developers and educational positive feelings toward
and vocational training institutions. fellow employees and tourists
- These organizations deal with that will result in positive
tourism development, which tends to behavior toward the tourist.
be more complex and broader in
scope than the production of daily
travel services. ATTITUDE TOWARD THE
- The decisions and results of tourism TOURISM INNDUSTRY
development are more long-term in - A positive attitude of service
nature than the first two categories providers towards tourists
which deal more with operations. can be brought about only
1. NATURAL RESOURCES when employees are made
aware of how important
- The physical characteristics of an tourism is to their country,
area can be generalized as natural city, and community.
scenery, climate, and environment.

2. INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNITY AWARENESS

PROGRAMS
- Consist of all underground and
surface developmental construction.
-
- Although the tourist is most directly affected by
3. SUPERSTRUCTURE the degree of hospitality shown by service
providers, the overall feeling of welcome within
- The above ground facility services.
a community will also enhance or detract from
the vacation experience.
4. TRANSPORTATION AND
- Residence of a destination area cannot be
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
- Includes items such as ships, trained to act in a hospitable manner toward
airplanes, trains, buses, limousines, tourists, but a community awareness program
taxis, etc.
can help develop a more positive attitude toward
the tourists.
5. HOSPITALITY RESOURCES - The aims of the program are to build acceptance
of tourism and to build an understanding of the
- Refers to the general feeling of
welcome that the visitors receive tourist.
while visiting a destination area.
- It is the way that tourist services are
delivered by service providers. As
well as the general feeling of warmth
from the local population.

ATTITUDE TOWARD SELF

- An individual’s self-esteem or
attitude towards self is low, that
individual will tend to behave in
such a way that the feedback
from others will confirm the low
opinion of himself.

ATTITUDE TOWARD OTHERS