HANG TUAH JAYA

CLIMATE ACTION PLAN 2030

 Editorial
Team

Chin Siong HO
Loon Wai CHAU
Bor Tsong TEH
Levy DANYA
Nurshyla Abdul Rahim MLYSHA
Zulikhram bin Zulibrahim MOHAMAD
Yasmin Ibrahim UMIERA
Sulaiman NURSYAHIDAH
Abdullah ROHAYU
Table of Contents

Chapter 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2.0 Vision And Goals ...................................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Broad vision .............................................................................................................................................. 1
2.2 Mitigation target ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 3.0 Background ................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Hang Tuah Jaya and Melaka: The Basics ........................................................................................... 2
Chapter 4.0 Organizational Structure ..................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Climate Action Committee ................................................................................................................. 12
Chapter 5.0 Relevant State, National and Local Policies ................................................................ 13
Chapter 6.0 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................... 13
6.1 Global Convenant of Mayors (GCoM) ............................................................................................. 13
6.2 Tools used ................................................................................................................................................ 14
6.3 Preparation ............................................................................................................................................. 15
6.4 Stakeholder involvement ................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 7.0 Baseline Emissions Inventory ............................................................................................... 16
Chapter 8.0 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment ...................................................................................... 17
8.1 Past and Current Climate Hazards, Impacts and Risks ............................................................. 17
8.2 Future Impacts of Climate Hazards ................................................................................................ 19
Chapter 9.0 Planned Actions ........................................................................................................................ 19
9.1 Theme 1: Shifting to Green Economy ................................................................................................ 20
9.2 Theme 2: Sustainable Transport and Logistic ................................................................................... 26
9.3 Theme 3: Climate Responsive Infrastructure .................................................................................... 31
9.4 Theme 4: Sustainable Community ..................................................................................................... 34
9.5 Relationship between planned actions and GHG emissions sectors and climate hazards for
Hang Tuah Jaya ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Chapter 10.0 Financing .................................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter 11.0 Implementation and Monitoring Process ............................................................................. 40
Appendices............................................................................................................................................................. 41
Appendix A: Relevant National, State and Local Policies ................................................................... 41
Appendix B: Climate projections .................................................................................................................... 47
Appendix C: Aligning Planned Climate Actions with the Low Carbon Cities Framework + Society
(LCCF+S) .............................................................................................................................................................. 51
FOREWORD

Salam Sejahtera, Melakaku Maju Jaya,

Rakyat Bahagia, Mengamit Dunia,
Hang Tuah Jaya-Bandaraya Pintar.

Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council (MPHTJ) is an important modern, sustainable and economic hub
in Melaka, The city faces challenges environmental problems and high carbon emission due to rapid
urbanisation and industrialization in last decade. Hence, HTJ Climate Action Plan (CAP), is formulated
in order to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and adapting to local impacts of climate
change.

We are pleased to be one of the cities among 10,000 members cities of Global Covenant of Mayor
(GCoM) and chosen as one of the four (4) Malaysian pilot cities to prepare Climate action plans
(CAPs) based on GCoM Common Reporting Framework to ensure standardised GHG emission
reporting and transparency. The HTJ Climate Action Plan 2030, with its 39 Planned Actions under four
(4) main themes namely Shifting to Green Economy, Sustainable Transport and Logistic, Climate
Responsive Infrastructure and Sustainable Community will be implemented in a timely and proactive
manner, with MPHTJ taking on the leading role.

We wish to thank the UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, GCoM, CDP and IUC Asia for their
support and continuing commitment throughout the formulation of HTJ CAP 2030.

Thank you.

Datuk Shadan bin Othman,

Yang DiPertua,
Majlis Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya

“Hang Tuah Jaya – Perbandaran Rendah Karbon 2030”

PREFACE
Hang Tuah Jaya, which is planned as a modern, sustainable and economic hub in Melaka, needs to
reduce the GHG emissions of rapid economic growth, especially in contributing to the achievement
of the national target of 45% reduction in GHG emission intensity of GDP by 2030 (compared to the
2005 level). In addition, Hang Tuah Jaya also prepared adaptation efforts in minimizing the exposure
of community to the climate related hazards. In order to achieve this national target and improving
city resilience, the formulation and implementation of a holistic, scientifically grounded and people-
centric city-level climate change plan – the Hang Tuah Jaya Climate Action Plan 2030 (Hang Tuah
Jaya CAP 2030) is important.

Hang Tuah Jaya CAP 2030 proposes 39 planned actions for implementation that align with the Low
Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF) by the Ministry of Environment and Water, Malaysia (KASA). City
Inventory Reporting and Information System (CIRIS) is used to account GHG emissions. The CIRIS result
guides Hang Tuah Jaya to focus on the mitigation actions over stationary energy (industry),
transportation and waste sector. The potential GHG emissions intensity reduction is expected to be up
to 45% by 2030 (compared to the 2010 level), which is equivalent to an absolute reduction of 665
ktCO2eq from the Business as Usual (BaU) scenario. Meanwhile, the climate adaptation analysis of
Hang Tuah Jaya CAP 2030 is based on “Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment” (CRVA) is also
carried out by by Carbon Disclosure Project expert. Three adaptation goals are set by the municipality
for Hang Tuah Jaya to be more resilience and prepared for the climate related disaster of monsoon,
flood, drought and vector-borne disease. First, The Municipality pledges to reduce property damage
due to monsoon and flooding by 50% by 2030 compared to 2010 levels. In terms of drought, HTJ city
aims to reduce the number of days of water rationing caused by drought by 50% by 2030 compared
to 2017 level. Last but not least, Hang Tuah Jaya aims to reduce the number of dengue cases by 50%
by 2030 compared to 2017 level.

Based on two Focus Group Discussion (FGD) workshops, 39 planned actions grouped under 4 main
development themes are formulated to achieve the 45% reduction target and the three (3)
adaptation goals by 2030. The Hang Tuah Jaya CAP 2030 can serve as important guide for effective
and impactful implementation of climate actions towards meeting the city’s vision as center for green
technology and a world-class intelligent city.

December 2020

UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Centre (UTM-LCARC)

Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Johor Bahru
Malaysia
HANG TUAH JAYA BASIC PROFILE

Function
Function
International Technology and Commercial
Home
Centre
to the Seri Negeri, State Government Complex;
Modern, sustainable and economic hub of Melaka

Location
The northern portion of Central Melaka
District, adjacent to Kota Melaka, as well as
some areas of Alor Gajah and Jasin regions
2°16'17.9"N 102°17'11.6"E

Area
144.61 km²

Population
124,000 (2010)

Administrative
Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council
 Chapter 1.0 Introduction

This report outlines Hang Tuah Jaya’s

commitment to decarbonizing its
economy while simultaneously
promoting equitable growth and
providing a high quality of life for all its
citizens. This climate action plan is
prepared following Hang Tuah Jaya
joining the Global Covenant of Mayors
(GCoM), and is completed according Figure 1 Advantages of environmental actions for HTJCAP
to the requirements for GCoM 2030
signatory cities.

Here, we build on the detailed environmental plans and targets of both Malaysia and Melaka, and
describe Hang Tuah Jaya’s ambitious climate mitigation target and adaptation goals. The plan
proposes 39 actions which, upon implementation, will help reduce emissions of greenhouse gases
(GHG), limit the impacts of climate change on Hang Tuah Jaya residents, stimulate green growth
and help preserve the Municipality’s natural and cultural heritage. These measures will transform
Hang Tuah Jaya into a modern, sustainable and competitive economic hub for the State of Melaka.

Chapter 2.0 Vision And Goals

2.1 Broad vision
Hang Tuah Jaya aims to become a leading municipality in carbon mitigation and climate adaptation,
and a model of a green city. In doing so, the Council strives to increase economic prosperity, build on
local values and traditions relating to coexistence with nature, and to move the municipality towards
a simpler lifestyle with a richer quality of life. In the process, key relevant stakeholders have been
engaged in planning with implementation in mind, and to ensure sustainable development for future
generations in line with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

2.2 Mitigation target

Hang Tuah Jaya intends to surpass the “Mitigation target of GHG emission intensity reduction
commitments and climate plans
determined by the Melaka State and
Federal Government. The Municipality also
aims to fulfill SDG 13, which calls on count
National Target National Target
urgent actions to combat climate change at COP 15 at COP 15
and its impacts.1 Malaysia ratified the
Figure 2 Mitigation target for HTJ CAP 2030
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994, and committed in 2009 to voluntarily reducing the country’s GHG
emissions intensity of GDP by up to 40% by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels. In 2015, at COP 21,

1 https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

1
Malaysia increased this commitment to 45%, to be achieved by 2030 using the same 2005 baseline,
conditional on international financial support. 2 Hang Tuah Jaya is committed to contributing to the
national mitigation target of 45% reduction in emissions intensity of GDP by 2030 relative to the base
year 2010 emissions level.

2.2.1 Adaptation goals

Hang Tuah Jaya plans to act according to the Sendai Framework’s 2030 targets of substantially
reducing mortality, economic losses and damage to infrastructure and services from disasters, as well
as the total number of people affected.3 The Municipality pledges to reduce property damage due
to monsoon and flooding by 50% by 2030 compared to 2010 levels. In terms of drought, HTJ city aims
to reduce the number of days of water rationing caused by drought by 50% by 2030 compared to
2017 level. In addition, HTJ city aims to reduce the number of dengue cases by 50% by 2030 compared
to 2017 level.

Figure 3 Adaptation goals for HTJ CAP 2030

Chapter 3.0 Background

3.1 Hang Tuah Jaya and Melaka: The Basics

Hang Tuah Jaya is a municipality in the State of Melaka, Malaysia. Melaka, which is located in southern
Peninsular Malaysia (see Figure 4), borders the State of Johor to the south and Negeri Sembilan to the
north. While it is one of the country’s smallest states by area, it is among the most popularly visited,
thanks to its steep history, rich heritage architecture and unique mix of cultures. 4

2https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Malaysia/1/INDC%20Mal

aysia
%20Final%2027%20November%202015%20Revised%20Final%20UNFCCC.pdf
3https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
4 http://www.Melaka.ws/

2
 Figure 4 Location of Melaka State in Malaysia
Hang Tuah Jaya is located in the center-south part of the Melaka State, several kilometers from the
historic center of Melaka Town (see Figure 55). The Municipality covers 35,733 acres, and is home to
the Melaka State Government Complex. Due to this special status, the State Government intends to
transform it into an increasingly cosmopolitan area, generating development through the economic,
societal, infrastructural and recreational sectors.6 Hang Tuah Jaya was carved out of portions of three
districts: Alor Gajah, Jasin and Melaka Tengah. 7 It contains nine mukim, or administrative sub-districts,
and its citizens are represented by six representatives in the State Legislative Assembly.8

Figure 5 Location of Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality in Melaka State

5 https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_Tuah_Jaya#/media/Fail:Hang_Tuah_Jaya.jpg
6 http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/htj/profile/background
7https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/01/01/new-hang-tuah-jaya-set-to-

become-Melakas-smart-city
8 http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/htj/profile/background

3
The local government in Hang Tuah Jaya has
been involved in green initiatives since its
inception in 2010. That year, the Melaka Governor
Tun Mohd Khalil Yaakob declared the local
government area a municipality, and set it on a
path to develop as a modern smart city driven by
information and communication technology
(ICT).9 The municipality’s official vision is to make
Hang Tuah Jaya a center for green technology
and a world-class intelligent city.10 In 2012, Hang
Tuah Jaya joined the Low Carbon Cities
Framework (LCCF) Initiative, which provides
guidance for local governments in Malaysia to Photo 1 Masjid Al-Alami, Melaka
reduce GHG emissions and improve their
sustainability. Since then, the city has completed several rounds of data collection and reporting, and
in 2016 was the first local council to receive the LCCF Diamond Rating award. 11

3.1.1 History
The Melaka region has a long and steep history.
Melaka rose to become a regional centre of
trade after Parameswara, a prince from Sumatra,
transformed the small fishing village into a strategic
port in the 15th Century. The region’s vibrant trading
economy attracted many settlers,12 including
some from China, who intermarried with the local
residents and came to be known as the Baba-
Nyonya people, sometimes also called the Straits
Chinese or Peranakan. The Baba-Nyonya
represent the longest-settled Chinese group in
Malaysia, and they developed a unique culture Photo 2 A Famosa
that merges Chinese and Malaysian cultural
traditions. 13

In the early 16th Century, the Portuguese invaded and took control of the city, forcing the Sultan to flee
to Johor. The region came under Dutch control in 1641, and remained under their influence for 150 years.14
The most visible reminder of this period is the Dutch colonial architecture that has become a symbol of
Melaka’s present-day charm. 15
Influence over the area shifted to the British in the early 1800s; the new rulers, however, primarily

9https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/01/01/new-hang-tuah-jaya-set-to-

become-malaccas-smart- city/
10http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/htj/profile/mission-vision
11https://aperc.ieej.or.jp/file/2017/9/20/14201440_Review_Expert_Presentation_Huan+Tuah

+Jaya_Lin091 3.pdf
12 http://www.Melaka.ws/attractions/melaka-historic-cities.htm
13 https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/peninsular-malaysia-west-coast/melaka/history
14 https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/peninsular-malaysia-west-coast/melaka/history
15 https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/travel/2016/07/19/follow-the-dutch-heritage-trail-in-Melaka

4
focused on developing their other settlements, and the region’s prominence declined due to heavy
silting of the Melaka estuary, which has also limited modern harbor facilities. 1617 In 1956, the Prime
Minister elect of the Federation of Malaya announced Malaysia’s independence at the Padang
Bandar Hilir, Melaka.18 Following independence, the Melaka region has grown as a tourism hub, as
well as an exporter of rubber and fruits and an importer of general goods such as sugar and rice. 19 The
Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council officially began its operations as a municipality on 1 st January
2010.20 The Municipality is named after Hang Tuah, a mythical warrior with fierce loyalty to the Sultan.21
Melaka was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008. 22

3.1.2 Connectivity
The Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality is accessible via
the road and air travel. From Kuala Lumpur and
further north, drivers can reach the city by following
the North-South Expressway (NSE) and exiting the
23 24
Ayer Keroh Interchange. Buses leave frequently
in all directions from Melaka Sentral, the city’s largest
public bus terminal.25 The closest railroad stations is
38 kilometers north of Melaka City at Tampin, with
bus and taxi connections available from there, while
the Batu Berendam Airport is 9 kilometers from the
city center, serving three major airlines: Wings Air, Sky
Aviation and Firefly. 26

16 https://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/peninsular-malaysia-west-coast/melaka/history
17 https://www.britannica.com/place/Melaka-Malaysia
18 http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/pengumuman-kemerdekaan-di-padang-banda-hilir-
melaka
19 https://www.britannica.com/place/Melaka-Malaysia
20 http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/htj/profile/background
21 http://www.Melaka.ws/info/history-legend.htm
22 http://www.malacca.ws/attractions/melaka-historic-cities.htm
23 http://www.Melaka.ws/info/gettingthere.htm
24https://www.plus.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27&Itemid=132&lang

=en
25 https://melakasentral.com.my/
26 http://www.Melaka.ws/info/gettingthere.htm

5
Hang Tuah Jaya is connected to the Melaka Town primarily through the Lebuhraya Ayer Keroh and
Jalan Bukit Baru roads. Several bus lines run from the city center to and throughout the municipality.
27Bus service in inconsistent, however, and not commonly used; the reliance on cars has resulted in

frequent traffic congestion. In addition, within the municipality the main forms of transport – car, taxi
and trishaw – are not well integrated. A recent research analysis of the situation at Ayer Keroh, part of
the Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality, recommended creating an integrated transportation terminal,
combined with a Park and Ride facility, as well as improving bus services with real-time schedules,
charging road users, and providing financial incentives for public transit use, among other
suggestions.28

3.1.3 Demographics
When Hang Tuah Jaya was established in 2010, it was
estimated by the then Chief Minister Datuk Seri Mohd Ali
Rustam to have a population of 124,000 people.29The
municipality has experienced rapid growth in the decade
that follows with the population standing at 190,529 in
2018, at an annual growth rate of 6.35%.

3.1.4 Land use

Land use in Hang Tuah Jaya is split between planned
housing, residential, commercial, industrial, institutional,
open space and recreation, forest reserves and agricultural
zones. While agriculture still occupied approximately half of
Melaka, and nearly two-thirds of the state were
characterized as Environmentally Sensitive Areas due to rich
biodiversity and other factors in 201430, Hang Tuah Jaya was
primarily urban in land use distribution. Map 3 depicts the
2007-2020 land use plan for the Municipality. 31

27 http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/visitors/transportation/page/0/2
28 https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4976917
29 https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/01/02/malacca-ushers-in-2010-with-
new-hang-tuah-jaya-m unicipality
30 https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/related/41571/imt-gt-green-city-action-plan-melaka-april-

2014.pdf
31 http://i-melaka.blogspot.com/2010/08/hang-tuah-jaya-plan.html

6
 Figure 4 2007-2020 Land Use Plan for Hang Tuah Jaya

3.1.5 Economy
Official economic data specific to Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality
is not available. Comparing the land use and urban activity
structure of the Municipality and that of the Melaka State,
Melaka State’s current and targeted economic structure as
shown in Figure 932 may be taken as representative of Hang Tuah
Jaya’s economic structure.

32 Melaka State Structure Plan 2035

7
 Figure 5 Economic Sectors in Melaka

3.1.6 Governance
Hang Tuah Jaya is governed by the Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal
council.33 Hang Tuah Jaya situated the northern of Central
Malacca District and the southern of Alor Gajah District of
Malacca, Malaysia. This agency comes under the Malacca state
government. MPHTJ are responsible for public health and
sanitation, waste removal and management, town planning,
environmental protection and building control, social and
economic development and general maintenance functions of
urban infrastructure. The MPHTJ main headquarters is located at
Melaka Mall in Ayer Keroh, Hang Tuah Jaya local government
operates according to the structure below

33 http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/htj/profile/background 8
 Figure 6 Hang Tuah Jaya Government Structure34 (as of November 2020)

The Melaka government has

taken many steps towards
sustainability in the state. In 2011,
the Melaka Green Technology
Council was established, and the
Melaka Green Technology City
State Blueprint for 2020 was
published that same year. In
2012, Melaka signed the United
Nations Urban Environmental
Accords, and was selected for the Indonesia Malaysia Thailand - Growth Triangle Green Cities
Initiative. 2013 brought the founding of the Melaka Green Technology Corporation, and in 2014,
Melaka produced the Green City Action Plan. The state registered as a member of the International
Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) and began working on its Greenhouse Gas Inventory
in 2014.35

34http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.mphtj.gov.my/en/node/

830
35http://www.asialeds.org/sites/default/files/resource/file/Green_city_action_plan-Datuk-H.- 9
Kamarudin.pdf
3.1.7 Climate

Similarly, to other parts of Malaysia, Hang Tuah Jaya is located

in a tropical climate. Table 1 displays the climate data for
Melaka, which is the closest city for which such information is
available. As they are only several kilometers apart, the data
should be fairly representative of Hang Tuah Jaya’s climate.

Table 1 Climate data for Melaka36

3.1.8 Infrastructure
Electricity in Melaka is provided by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), the main electricity utility company
in Peninsular Malaysia. The National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management for 2020 envisioned
the use of three solid waste facilities in the state: the largest in Alor Gajah, a smaller facility in the Melaka
town area, and the smallest in Jasin (see Figure 937 and 10).

36 WMO World Weather Information Service

37https://jpspn.kpkt.gov.my/resources/index/user_1/PSP/Ringkasan_Eksekutif/10_SWM_Facilities- 10
Melaka.p df
 Figure 7 Melaka Solid Waste Management in 2020 as envisioned by the National Strategic
Plan for Solid Waste Management37

Figure 8 Projected Solid Waste Flow Diagram (in tonnes per day of waste) for 2020
Water in Melaka is supplied by Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad. 38 The state has struggled with water
supply, especially in urban areas with high tourist activity, and has proposed marking the seafront
as a “reservoir” and using it as an alternative water source to solve long-term water issues39. At times,
Melaka has had to rely on its neighboring states of Negeri Sembilan and Johor to provide water, an
arrangement the state government hopes to avoid in the future. 40 Flood management in Melaka is
provided by the the Department of Irrigation and Drainage, or JPS. 41

38 https://samb.com.my/
39https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/10/527096/melaka-government-ministry-ensure-

adequate-raw- water-supply
40 https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/10/07/chief-minister-melaka-wont-let-
water-woes-becom e-annual-affair/1797865
41 https://jps.melaka.gov.my/

11
Chapter 4.0 Organizational Structure
4.1 Climate Action Committee
The Climate Action Committee members for Hang Tuah Jaya are:

Figure 9 The Climate Action Committee members for Hang Tuah Jaya (as of December 2020)

4.1.1 Coordination with state/national authorities

On the national level, Hang Tuah Jaya will coordinate
with the Ministry of Environment and Water (KASA). On
the state level, the Municipality will work with the Melaka
Green Technology Council (MGTC) and the Melaka
Green Technology Corporation. The MGTC was
established in 2011, and is chaired by the Chief Minister of
Melaka. Members include the State Exco member, local
council members, all related government agencies and
the Melaka Green Technology Corporation (MeGTC) as
secretariat. Objectives of the council include discussing state policies related to green technology,
planning and monitoring green technology development and application, and discussing green
technology proposals and investments. Hang Tuah Jaya intends to collaborate extensively with the
MGTC to promote the use of green technologies in the Municipality.42

42http://www.asialeds.org/sites/default/files/resource/file/Green_city_action_plan-Datuk-H.-

Kamarudin.pdf

12
4.1.2 International involvement
The Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council was assisted by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), the
International Urban Cooperation, European Union - Asia staff members and UTM-Low Carbon Asia
Research Centre throughout the process of filling out the Common Reporting Framework and
compiling this CAP. These organizations will continue to support the Hang Tuah Jaya CAC and local
staff in implementing the policies and plans laid out in this document. The GCoM staff have also
provided considerable support and training.

Chapter 5.0 Relevant State, National and Local Policies

In 2016, the Malaysian government submitted its Nationally
Determined Contribution (NDC) in accordance with
decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the UNFCCC. The Malaysia’s intent to
document outlines Malaysia’s intent to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030 relative to
reduce greenhouse gas
the emissions intensity of GDP in 2005. 10% of this target is emissions intensity of GDP
considered conditional upon receipt of climate finance, by 45% by 2030
technology transfer and capacity building from
developed countries.

The base year emissions calculations include land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), and
the target covers carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and economy-wide emissions intensity of
GDP. The NDC outlines the actions taken to reduce the use of fossil fuels since the Ninth Malaysia Plan
(2006-2010), the barriers for implementation, and the vulnerabilities of the country to climate change.43

Malaysia has a range of national, state and local-level policies instituted to help the country achieve
these targets. Many, in fact, predate the Paris Agreement, demonstrating Malaysia’s long-term
commitment to climate action and sustainability. National-level formal policies include the 11th
Malaysia Plan, the most recent of a series of 5-year comprehensive development plans, the Third
National Physical Plan (NPP-3) as well as strategies such as the National Policy on Climate Change and
policy mechanisms such as the Green Technology Financing Scheme. Melaka also has relevant state-
specific policies, and Hang Tuah Jaya has important local plan. Key relevant higher level policy
documents are outlined in Appendix A.

Chapter 6.0 Approach and Methodology

6.1 Global Convenant of Mayors (GCoM)

Hang Tuah Jaya has joined the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCoM), a coalition of cities and local
governments from around the world committed to advancing climate resilience and lowering
greenhouse gas emissions. Committing to GCoM requires the Municipality to advance four goals:

i. reducing greenhouse gas emissions;

ii. prepare for the impacts of climate change;
iii. increase access to secure, affordable and sustainable energy and
iv. track progress towards these objectives.44

43 https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/Party.aspx?party=MYS
44 CRF Guidance Note

13
The Covenant provides specific structures for cities to adhere to in reporting and planning, and
supplies platforms for municipalities to communicate and share best practices.

6.2 Tools used

6.2.1 GCoM Common Reporting Framework
The primary tool used in preparing this report is the GCoM Common Reporting Framework (CRF). This
framework allows all cities joining GCoM to use one, standardized reporting system for compiling
information on greenhouse gas emissions, climate hazards, targets, government setup, actions and
more. The system is not just used in assessing the baseline state, but can also be applied in planning
and reporting. Using this universal system among all GCoM signatories allows local governments to
compare and learn from other cities around the world facing similar challenges. Signatories of GCoM
are required to fill out the CRF within two years of joining the Covenant, and to report every two years
from then on. The framework has three levels of reporting: mandatory, recommended and additional
options that cities can choose to follow. At a minimum, the inventory covers carbon dioxide, methane
and nitrous oxide.45

6.2.2 Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories

(GPC)
The Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) has been used
in the implementation and monitoring phase of this Climate Action Plan. The GPC was developed by
the World Resources Institute, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ICLEI - Local Governments for
Sustainability in order to solve the problem of inconsistent greenhouse gas accounting systems for
cities. Their framework covers the seven gases included in the Kyoto Protocol and is designed to
calculate emissions for a single reporting year.

The system requires two primary approaches for cataloging emissions. The first details greenhouse
gases from production and consumption within the city boundary, and the second measures
emissions in three different scopes: emissions from within the city boundary, emissions occurring as a
result of the use of grid-supplied energy within the boundary, and all other emissions from outside the
boundary as a result of activities within the boundary. City activities emitting greenhouse gases are
divided into six sectors: stationary energy, transportation, waste, industrial processes and product use,
agriculture, forestry and other land use, and any other emissions occurring as a result of city activities
(See Figure 12). The last category is not always covered by the GPC but can be reported separately.46

45 CRF Guidance Note

46https://wriorg.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/global_protocol_for_community_scale_greenhouse_g

as_e missions_inventory_executive_summary.pdf

14
 Figure 10 Sectors emitting greenhouse gases

The GHGI results are presented in Section 7 based on the Hang Tuah Jaya Final Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Report (2019) whereas the CRVA results are presented in Sections 8 based on findings
provided by CDP, and will serve as the basis for formulation of climate mitigation and adaptation
actions and strategies for Hang Tuah Jaya in Section 9.

6.3 Preparation

In advance of the process of filling out the Common Reporting Framework and developing this
document, representatives of the Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council participated in four trainings
organized by IUC-Asia and GCoM. These sessions covered adaptation, mitigation, target setting and
climate action planning, and climate finance. While these trainings were occurring, the Municipality
simultaneously held meetings to lay the foundation for the CAP process and, in January 2020, to
officially approve the formation of the Hang Tuah Jaya CAC.

6.4 Stakeholder involvement

Several stakeholder’s engagements are carried out in MPHTJ office involving MTHJ officers from
relevant units in Jan-Dec 2020 at MPHTJ Office at Ayer Keroh, Malacca. One special workshop on CAP
Hang Tuah Jaya was carried out in Johor Bahru on September 2020 to brief the new President of Hang
Tuah Jaya and capacity building workshop for the Council officers and Federal and State officers.
Three web meetings in August 2020 together with CDP on data collection on mitigation and
adaptation actions.

15
Chapter 7.0 Baseline Emissions Inventory

Figure 11 GHG emissions profile of Hang Tuah Jaya in year 2018

(Source: Hang Tuah Jaya Final Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report, 2019)

*NOTE:
With the limitation of data availability, the GHG emissions for Residential and Commercial sector are
mainly involve several neighbourhoods and activity centres.

The total GHG emissions of Hang Tuah Jaya identified from the year 2018 baseline emissions inventory
to be 1,030,238 ktCO2eq. Based on the emission profile, the emission intensity per capita for Hang Tuah
Jaya is 5.4 tCO2eq and the emission per unit land area (km²) is 7,105 tCO2eq. The proportion of total
emissions contributed by each of the three sectors is depicted in Figure 13. Industrial sector makes up
the largest portion of the GHG emissions for Hang Tuah Jaya District (54%), followed by transportation
(37%).

Government facilities account for 13,433.63 tCO2eq, with other institutions making up an additional
19,649.55 tCO2eq, meaning the two sectors combine for about 3.2 % of total emissions. Both sectors
are dominated by emissions from grid electricity, constituting over 95% of the sector total. The
remaining emissions stem primarily of from company vehicles and staff commutes.

Emissions from residential sector have been estimated only using top-down data from TNB, referring to
the report provided on 22nd August 2019, the summary of which can be referred in Appendixes.
However, due to TNB’s internal systems not tracking municipal boundaries, only estimates for 31
identified neighborhoods totaling 14,317,443 kWh was provided, representing emissions of 9,936.31
tCO2eq. This estimate is incomplete, and would benefit from close engagement with TNB, to capture
the remaining residences in the city.

Industry is by far the largest contributing sector to the emissions of Hang Tuah Jaya, representing
emissions of 560,497.62 tCO2eq, or 54.4% of the estimated total. In addition, other commercial facilities
contribute 9,895.74 tCO2eq, or about 1% of the total. These emissions stem primarily from grid
electricity, though 4,358 tCO2eq come from fuel use, the majority of which is natural gas use from a
single industrial facility, and 6,214 tCO2eq are from Scope 3 emission, primarily staff commutes.

16
Transportation emissions within the municipal boundary are using the Fuel Sales-method, as described
in the WRI Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Inventories. Sales data from 9 of the 22
petrol kiosks within the boundary has been reported, totaling 46,318,251 liters of petrol and 16,912,648
liters of diesel. This represents emissions of 153,539 tCO 2eq. Assuming this sample of petrol stations is
representative for the stations within Hang Tuah Jaya, the total emissions from transportation is
estimated to be 374,822.54 tCO2eq.

In 2018 and total on 50,084 tonnes of municipal solid waste was collected within the municipal
boundary of MPHTJ and deposited at the Sg Udang Sanitary landfill. Based on the waste composition,
the organic fraction of each waste type and the current methane management system, as well as
the fuel and electricity used to operate the landfill, the total net emissions due to waste is estimated
to be 0.57 tCO2eq per ton of waste, or a total of 28,571.10 tCO2eq for all the waste deposited in 2018,
or roughly 2.8% of all reported emissions.

An estimated total of 30,279,480 m3 of water was supplied to entities within the municipal boundary in
2018. Energy consumption data associated with the delivery of that water was 18,218,136 kWh,
representing emissions of 12,643.39 tCO2eq.

Chapter 8.0 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

8.1 Past and Current Climate Hazards, Impacts and Risks
Figure 14 shows a summary of the main past and current climate hazards experienced in Hang Tuah
Jaya Municipality and their associated risk level posed to the city. The climate hazards posing a
medium high level of risk have been identified as monsoon, flash/surface flood, drought and vector-
borne disease. A medium level of risk is posed by forest fire, river flood, and vector-borne disease.
Finally, coastal flooding is seen to pose a low level of risk to Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality.

Figure 12 Climate Hazards Experienced in Hang Tuah Jaya and Their Associated Risk Level Posed to
the City

17
 Table 2 Summary of climate hazards and risks identified in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality

Significant impact Current

Current magnitude
Climate hazards on the city before probability of Risk level
of hazard
2020? hazard
Extreme Precipitation
Yes Medium Medium Medium
> Monsoon
Water Scarcity >
Yes Medium Medium Medium
Drought
Flood and sea level
rise > Flash / surface Yes Medium Medium Medium
flood
Biological hazards >
Yes Medium Medium Low Medium
Vector-borne disease

Table 3 shows the social impacts of the identified climate hazards in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality, as
well as the most relevant assets and/or services and vulnerable populations affected. An increased
demand for public services and healthcare services are seen to be the most widespread social
impacts of the identified climate hazards whilst the assets and services affected range from food
and agriculture, water supply and sanitation, tourism, industrial, residential, public health, and others.
In terms of the vulnerable populations affected by these climate hazards, low-income households
have been identified to be particularly affected overall in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality.

Table 3 Summary of climate hazards, impacts and vulnerable populations affected in Hang Tuah
Jaya Municipality

Social impact of hazard Most relevant assets / Vulnerable

Climate hazards
overall services affected overall populations affected
 Increased demand  Transportation;  Low-income
Extreme for public services;  Food and agriculture; households
Precipitation >  Increased demand
Monsoon for healthcare
services.
 Increased risk to  Water supply &  Elderly;
already vulnerable sanitation;  Persons with
populations;  Food and agriculture; disabilities;
Water Scarcity >  Environment,  Low-income
Drought  Increased resource
biodiversity, forestry; households
demand.
Industrial;
 Tourism

Flood and sea  Increased demand  Transportation;  Low-income

level rise > Flash / for public service;  Commercial; households.
surface flood  Loss and damage.  Emergency services.
 Increased demand  Residential;  Children & youth;
for healthcare  Public Health Elderly;
Biological hazards services;
 Persons with
> Vector-borne
 Increased risk to chronic diseases
disease
already vulnerable
populations.

18
8.2 Future Impacts of Climate Hazards
Table 4 below summaries the expected future impacts of the identified climate hazards in Hang Tuah
Jaya Municipality. Most of the hazards are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity with
mostly medium high magnitude in the future. The majority of these changes are expected in the
immediate future with the exception of monsoon, which is expected in the short-term. Secondary data
related to general and basic climate projections in Malaysia and Asia that provide base references to
the discussion of future climate hazards are presented in Appendix B.

Table 4 Summary of future impacts of identified climate hazards in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality

Future Future expected When the city first

Future change
Climate hazards change in magnitude of expects to experience
in intensity
frequency hazard those changes
Extreme
Precipitation > Increasing Increasing Medium High Short Term (by 2025)
Monsoon
Water Scarcity >
Increasing Increasing Medium High Immediately
Drought
Flood and sea level
rise > Flash / surface Increasing Increasing Medium High Immediately
flood
Biological hazards >
Vector-borne Increasing Increasing Medium High Immediately
disease

Chapter 9.0 Planned Actions

This section outlines the planned actions for mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate
change in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality taking into account the geo-physiological, institutional, social
and development contexts of the Municipality as well as the CRVA and GHGI findings, and GHG
reduction target and climate adaptation goals set in the previous sections. The planned actions have
been reviewed and refined through two web meetings involving the Hang Tuah Jaya CCCWG to
ensure the climate mitigation and adaptation actions proposed are in line with the Hang Tuah Jaya
Municipal Council’s development vision, policy direction, priorities as well as institutional capacities.
This is reflected in the arrangement of planned actions based on development themes that respond
to Hang Tuah Jaya’s specific development contexts and scenario, as outlined below.

As an attempt to align the planned climate actions with the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resource’s
Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF) as required by the original Terms of Reference of this project,
the theme-based climate actions outlined herein have been coded to suit the LCCF’s four main
components of Environment (E), Transportation (T), Infrastructure (I) and Building (B). As the people
and community are central to the development of a sustainable, low carbon society (LCS) in Hang
Tuah Jaya, this climate action plan also features actions that are society-based, thus necessitating the
addition of the Society (S) component to the LCCF, resulting in the LCCF+S framework (see Figure 2).
For reference to how this climate action plan is aligned with the LCCF+S, please consult Appendix C.

19
 Figure 13 Aligning Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality’s climate actions with the national Low Carbon
Cities Framework + Society (LCCF+S)

Theme based Actions

a. Theme 1: Shifting to Green Economy
b. Theme 2: Sustainable Public Transport and Logistic
c. Theme 3: Climate Responsive Infrastructure
d. Theme 4: Sustainable Community

9.1 Theme 1: Shifting to Green Economy

Hang Tuah Jaya aims to be center for green
technology and a world class intelligent city. In line with
National Green Technology Policy, the application of
green technology enhances the economic
development of Hang Tuah Jaya shifting to green
economy. As a fairly new local authority, Hang Tuah
Jaya needs to be competitive in order create jobs and
wealth. Shifting to green economy will promote
economic growth and help HTJ to achieve sustainable
development without degrading the environment.
Planned actions in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council
related to green economy include greening of existing
industries and creation of new green industries by
promotion of green production and services as well as green tourism. Proposed Actions to promote
use of green technology such as industrial symbiosis, Waste to wealth, use of grey water and Energy
efficiency measures will also help to contribute to 45% reduction of carbon intensity target by 2030.
MPHTJ may initiates low carbon measures by implementing solar powered street lighting, installing PV
roof for MPHTJ assets (office buildings, markets, council housing, etc), impose regulation related to
MS1525, rain harvesting, GBI and solar heating.

20
 Table 5 Actions in the Green Economy

Action Benefits Responsible Key partners Timeline

department
2020-2025 2026-2030
I1: Conduct feasibility Mitigation SEDA, TNB
study on industrial Corporate
symbiosis (including Green
Waste-to-Wealth) for Technology
existing industrial area
I2: Encourage Adaptation Corporate Syarikat Air
industry to use grey Green Melaka Berhad
water for non- Technology
potable purposes
I5: Establish tax Mitigation Private sector
Corporate
incentives and low- Green
interest loans to attract Technology
and promote green
industry
I6: Establish tax Mitigation Corporate Private sector
incentives for energy Green
efficiency investments Technology
in the production
process
I7: Promote ISO 14000 Mitigation Corporate Private sector
certification in industry Green
Technology

S1: Promote low carbon Mitigation Corporate Travel agencies

tourism products and Green
services to reduce Technology
environmental impacts
B5: Install energy Mitigation Building; Building
efficiency (EE) Owners,
equipment and smart Green Tenaga
meters on commercial Technology; Nasional
buildings as an energy Berhad (TNB)
Engineering
saving initiative
B2: Promote the use of Mitigation Private sector
natural ventilation by Building
implementing MS1525
Mitigation Corporate; SEDA, TNB
B3: Promote Photovoltaic Green
(PV) for new buildings Technology;

Engineering
B4: Ensure new Adaptation Building; Developers,
developments are Building
integrated with rainwater Green Owners
harvesting systems and Technology;
grey water recycling for
Engineering
non-potable usage

21
 Action Benefits Responsible Key partners Timeline
department 2020-2025 2026-2030
B6: Promote green Mitigation Building; Building
building assessment Green Owners
Technology;
Engineering
B10: Promote solar water Mitigation Building; Private sector
heaters in new Green
developments Technology;
Engineering
I4: Install solar-powered Mitigation Corporate; Private sector
street lights throughout Engineering;
the municipality (3) Green
Technology
B1: Promote Photovoltaic Mitigation Corporate; SEDA, TNB,
(PV) and solar thermal Green MTGCCC
systems on MPHTJ assets Technology;
Engineering;

9.1.1 Description of Planned Actions

I1: Conduct feasibility study on industrial symbiosis (including Waste-to-Wealth) for existing industrial
area
Industrial symbiosis is an idea that calls for collaboration among
industry enterprises to recycle and exchange their by-products in
achieving higher resource efficiency, waste minimization and
hence reducing negative impact on the environment. In order to
achieve this sustainable approach, feasibility study is needed to
identify the potential of types of industries that can contribute to
exchange their by-products to a useful waste.

Photo 3 Industrial Park

I2: Encourage industry to use grey water for non-potable purposes

Grey water is a used water without any mix of toxic and excrement
that comes from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen
appliances. In industrial scale, the waste water can be reused for
non-potable purposes such as toilet flushing, irrigation and cooling
systems. In results, fresh water from the city’s water supply had
been reduced by over 75% and decreases energy costs
associated with pumping.

Photo 4 Greywater treatment

plant

22
I5: Establish tax incentives and low-interest loans to attract and promote green industry
Tax exemption and allowances has
been established by Malaysian
Investment Development Authority
(MIDA) for businesses related to
environmental management and
energy conservation, or generally, in
Green Initiatives. The range of tax
exemption range from 60% to 100%
depending on sectors. Hang Tuah
Jaya local authority should ensure
that industrial investor in HTJ take part
in these initiatives. Figure 14 shows
the list of incentives available that
been provided from MIDA.

Figure 14 Incentives provided by MIDA

I6: Establish tax incentives for energy efficiency investments in the production process
These businesses are eligible for tax incentives, i.e. pioneer status (PS), investment tax allowance (ITA)
and the exemption of import duty and sales tax depending on how the RE generated is allocated (i.e.
injection to utility grid, self-consumption or sales to other companies) (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia, 2009).
To complement these tax incentives, Hang Tuah Jaya local authority will work with Malaysian
Investment Development Authority (MIDA), Malaysian Green Technology and Climate Change
Centre (MGTCCC) and related agencies to identify the suitable approach for the provision of
incentives.

I7: Promote ISO 14000 certification in industry

ISO 14000 is defined as a series of international environmental
management standards, guides, and technical reports. The standards
specify requirements for establishing an environmental management
policy, determining environmental impacts of products or services,
planning environmental objectives, implementing programs to meet
objectives, and conducting corrective action and management
review. ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental
management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their
operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e.
cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other
environmentally oriented requirements; and (c) continually improve in the above.

23
S1: Promote low carbon tourism products and services to reduce environmental impacts
Tourism products need become more sustainable
and less carbon to attract more discerning
consumers, to help generate new sources of value
and reduce environmental impacts. A successful
transition to low carbon tourism involves careful
designing and accepting changes in the use of
local social, environmental and economic
resources.

One of initiatives that can be done is promoting low

carbon tour package options. The local authority
can collaborate with responsible agencies such as
the state tourism department to develop viable Photo 5 Low carbon tourism package tour
package options for the tourists, based on its GHG
emission intensity. Besides, it is important that to conduct a study and develop a Low Carbon Tourism
Action Plan for HTJ to identify for example feasible potential challenges and way forward for tourism
industries in this region. This action plan also helps MPHTJ to identify potential stakeholders as well as
to develop policy related and financial mechanism (aid) to accommodate and accelerate the
industry.

B5: Install energy efficiency (EE) equipment and smart meters on commercial buildings as an energy
saving initiative
The smart meters are electric-powered reading
meters that allow daily electricity consumption
to be recorded and converted into data which
can be monitored by consumers. Tenaga
Nasional Bhd (TNB) plans to install the advanced
metering infrastructure (AMI) or smart meters in
8.3 million households across the country by
2021. Malaysia’s largest utility company already
roll out the first phase of its AMI implementation
to 30,000 household in Melaka. 47 This approach
will be extended to commercial areas to
encourage energy efficiency systems
Photo 6 Smart meters application
throughout Malacca, especially in HTJ
boundaries (see Photo 6). 48

B2: Promote the use of natural ventilation by implementing MS1525

Natural ventilation is one of the passive design solutions to reduce the usage of energy use especially
on air-conditioning system by using fresh air of sufficient volume to control the temperature in buildings.
Fresh air helps to alleviate odours and improve the environmental quality. According to MS1525:2014
Clause 4.6.3, air speed of 0.5–1.0 m/s is generally pleasant, but depending on the consistency level of
air movement. The required air movement can be achieved with provision of window openings facing
outward directions, use of fans, ventilators, wing walls or solar chimneys. Thus, the use of natural
ventilation shall be promoted in common areas such as lift lobbies, corridors and staircases. Evidence
through building layout design (such as provision of window openings) or ventilation simulation shall
be submitted upon building plan submission to HTJ local authority.

47 https://www.st.gov.my/ms/contents/files/download/112/Energy_Malaysia_Volume_19.pdf
48 Fathiyyah Yusp

24
B3: Promote Photovoltaic (PV) for new buildings
In contributing to a cleaner power generation for electricity usage, HTJ should initiate an effort in
promoting the use of photovoltaic system, especially in new buildings. Among different types of
renewable technologies for electricity generation, photovoltaic system is a feasible option for HTJ to
minimise the unfavourable environmental impacts caused by the power generation sector that uses
non-renewable sources.

B4: Ensure new developments are integrated with rainwater harvesting systems and grey water
recycling for non-potable usage
Rainwater harvesting system have potential to cut
down the water usage resources in the city. A study
from United Kingdom has shown that the usage of
rainwater and greywater application can reduce the
operational energy and carbon intensities to 40% and
100% respectively (Bristol Environment Agency, 2010).
Rainwater shall be captured and reused in the
building; while greywater shall be captured for the use
of irrigation. In adaptation perspective, rainwater
harvesting systems and grey water recycling for non-
potable usage can support community to address Figure 15 Benefit of rainwater harvesting and
water rationing problem during the drought season. greywater application

B6: Promote green building assessment

Various green building assessments and ratings by
both the government and private sectors should be
recognised and encouraged by HTJ to promote the
growth of certified green buildings. Recognising
various low carbon green building assessments and
rating tools such as Green Building Index (GBI,
MyCREST (CIDB-JKR), GreenRE (REHDA), Penarafan
Hijau (JKR) and CIS 20 - GreenPASS (CIDB), to facilitate
and monitor the development of green buildings in
HTJ area.
Photo 7 Green Building

B10: Promote solar water heaters in new developments

HTJ shall refine a promotional scheme for installation
of Solar Water Heating System (SWHS), which provides
soft loans to the users under the interest subsidy
scheme via a network of financial institutions,
public/private sector banks, scheduled co-operative
banks, and the
HTJ approved non-banking financing companies.
Interest subsidy is provided to the consumers through
various financial intermediaries so that an effective Photo 8 Solar water heaters
interest rate works out to 2% for domestic users, 3% for
institutional users and 5% for industrial /commercial users respectively. Interest free loans are available
to domestic users, which fall under B40 household category.

25
I4: Install solar-powered street lights throughout the municipality
A unit of street light can consume up to 150-500 W of
power, which is equivalent to 1.8-6 kWh per day. Hence,
energy saving of up to 0.66–2.19 MWh/year is can be
achieved through using the PV integrated street light
system. The electricity generated by these facilities can be
stored in batteries, to be used as lighting the night (see
Photo 9). Apart from using it locally, the electricity
generated by PV can be injected into the grid directly or
used for charging electric vehicles.

Photo 9 Solar-powered street lighting

B1: Promote Photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems on MPHTJ assets
PV modules consist of many arrays of PV which can
be adjusted in many sizes from as large as a solar
farm requiring 1 hectare of land to a single PV array
of less than 0.0001 hectare. But, the small PV systems
are more suitable to be implemented within HTJ
area as long as the sun light towards the location is
not constantly overshadowed by objects.
Other than houses and buildings, solar PV panels
can also be mounted on the MPHTJ assets such as
bus stops, street lightings, sheltered carpark,
canopies, and any other private buildings that
contains a roof or is tall and high (as to avoid
shadows by other structures or trees). The electricity Photo 10 Solar system in Melaka
generated by these facilities can be stored in
batteries, to be use locally especially for lighting during the night. Incentives also should be given by
providing rebates towards the purchase of PVs, providing information about technologies and
benefits for individuals.

9.2 Theme 2: Sustainable Transport and Logistic

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is defined as compact, mixed-use, higher-density development
within walking distance of a bus / transit facility. As HTJ is a highly urbanized local authority served by
fairly good network of public buses, it is important to integrate the network with pedestrian and cyclist
lane to promote sustainable public transport system.

Planned actions such as development of activity area at pedestrian zones, walkable city facilities, free
parking for low carbon vehicles and real time online information for bus arrival are important low

Photo 13 Low carbon vehicle Photo 11 Real time information

Photo 12 Pedestrian zones parking for public transport

26
carbon measures. One of quick win actions is by the converting HTJ municipal owned vehicles to low
carbon vehicles (hybrid, electric or use of Natural gas or Biofuel).

Table 6 Actions in the Sustainable Transport and Logistic

Timeline
Responsible
Action Benefits Key partners
department
2020-2025 2026-2030
T1: Implement Transit Town
Planning,
Oriented Development
OSC
(TOD) Mitigation JKR
Engineering
Green
Technology
T2: Provide Town
Planning,
comprehensive public Mitigation JKR
Green
transport network
Technology
T8: Provide real-time Engineering
online information about Mitigation Green Bus operators
bus locations and arrivals Technology

T3: Provide user friendly Town

Planning,
pathways for PLANMalaysia
Mitigation Green
pedestrians and cyclists @ Melaka
Technology
Landscape
T4: Increase Town
Planning,
potential activity
Mitigation Green JKR
centres for
Technology
pedestrian zones
Landscape
T5: Provide a 'Park-and-Walk Town
Planning,
/ Cycle' zone as an
Mitigation Green JKR
initiative for drivers to park
Technology
outside commercial areas
Landscape
T6: Run District buses on Engineering
Town
recycled oil from food Private
Mitigation Planning,
courts sector, NGOs
Green
Technology
T7: Promote cycling as a Engineering,
Town
healthy and NGOs,
Mitigation Planning,
environmentally friendly Cycling Clubs
Green
form of transport
Technology
T9: Convert District vehicle Corporate,
Mitigation Green Private sector
fleet to hybrid and electric
Technology
T10: Establish unlimited free Engineering,
parking for low-carbon Mitigation Green Private sector
vehicles Technology

27
9.2.1 Description of Planned Actions
T1: Implement Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
Transit-oriented development (TOD) is
defined as integrated development within a
walking catchment environment of a transit
transport terminal / hub / stop. Walking
catchment refers to a journey of between 5
to 10 minutes walking, which is approximately
400 meters to 800 meters from the transit hub
/ terminal / stop.

The criterias for the development of TOD are:

There are high and medium capacity transit
transport services, high frequency and
preferably separate corridors or routes from
other traffic.
There are at least two modes of public Photo 14 Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
transport, one of which should be high or
medium capacity transit mode, high frequency and preferably separate from other traffic, while the
other provides support connection services to local and local areas.

T2: Provide comprehensive public transport network

Public transport network improvement includes route network expansion planning. The development
of integrated public transport relies on the overall system improvement to make it successful. The
improvement of network coverage and connectivity through route network planning and expansion
will encourage people, especially commuters from urban fringe areas to use the public transport. Key
stations that have been identified in the long-term plan are important areas that need connectivity
due to their value of activity as well as their development intensity.

In line with the increasing travel demand, extended bus services into district centres by improving bus
services are important. It is necessary for public transport agencies of Hang Tuah Jaya and Melaka to
identify the potential new dedicated bus lanes along the major transit corridors that will need the
integrated public transportation services in order to meet the future travel demand. The proposed
extension of bus network should focus on major employment centres, which currently are highly
dependent on roads and highways to access the city centre. It is important to ensure a greater
coverage and continuous network for bus services.

T8: Provide real-time online information about bus locations and arrivals
As promoting the use of public transportation especially
buses will improve Hang Tuah Jaya residents’ accessibility,
it is important to have reliable information of the services.
Real time arrival information also benefits passengers with
respect to improve public transport availability and
usability. The most prevalent medium used for the
distribution of real-time bus arrival information is the
electronic sign, also known as the Dynamic Message Sign
(DMS), located at bus stations, bus stops, and rail stations
(refer Photo 15).
Photo 15 Real time information for bus
services

28
T3: Provide user friendly pathways for pedestrians and cyclists
Comfort and safety factors need to be considered for
walking or cycling from the public transport stop to their
final destination. This plan proposes that initiatives to
provide comfortable and safe pedestrian and bicycle
lanes be given priority in the context of achieving the goals
of community and low carbon cities.

A few approaches can be done by providing bicycle

rental center and adequate bicycle parking, complete
disabled facilities such as textured paths (block tactile,
ramps and railing, providing bicycle and pedestrian stop Photo 16 Pedestrians pathway and
area as a shelter when it rains and a place to rest with the cycling lane
proper lighting to ensure safety.

T4: Increase potential activity centres for pedestrian zones

Plans to restrict car use in parts of city centre area to a
designated pedestrian zones (also known as car free
zones) have become more common in big sustainable
cities like Venice, Paris, Seattle, Florence, London, and
Copenhagen. Pedestrian zones of certain areas in city
centre usually aims to provide a better accessibility and
mobility for pedestrians, indirectly enhancing the volume
of shopping and other key activities in the selected area.

Pedestrian zones could potentially attract other man-

powered vehicles, such as bicycles and reduce the
amount of CO2 emission from engine-powered vehicles
like buses and private cars. A few initiatives can be
implemented for these zones such as restrict private Photo 17 Pedestrian zones
vehicles to enter the particular area and only allow
certain vehicles such as taxi, bicycle and emergency services. Other than that, provide special paving
and landscaping to reduce land for parking and provide pedestrian amenities such as sidewalk
benches, and safe lightings at appropriate areas.

T5: Provide a ‘Park-and-Walk / Cycle zone as an initiative for drivers to park outside commercial areas
Park-and-walk / cycle and park-and-ride facilities are developed to reduce the impact of private
vehicle traffic and urban sustainability. With this facility, visitors to HTJ city center no longer have to rely
entirely on their private vehicles to get to all the particular
destinations. Instead, they only need to drive to the city
center and then park their vehicles in the facilities
provided. After that, visitors can continue their journey to
their destination by either walking or cycling. With the
special pedestrian and bicycle paths, as well as the
improvement of pedestrian crossing facilities, the walking
or cycling activities will be more comfortable and safe.
The same concept as park-and-walk / cycle is also
practiced in the park-n-ride facility. Visitors who drive will
park their vehicles and then continue their journey using
Photo 18 Park-and-ride at bus terminal
public transport services.
area

29
T6: Run District buses on recycled oil from food courts
Cooking oil is a waste material that can be found everywhere in Hang Tuah Jaya and for which
collection schemes and recovery options are not sufficiently developed. Cooking oil is generally
recycled and disposed at wastewater treatment plant. However, because of recent legislative
developments, this practice may not be possible in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to find
another recovery option and an outlet for waste cooking oil. The common method of deposing the
oils in the sewage system is an illegal practice that causes many problems. The oils clog the sewage
systems causing malfunctions in the filters and oil / water separators. Cooking oils can be recycled into
an environmentally friendly fuel and could then be used by public transport in Hang Tuah Jaya.

The main objective of the project is to put Hang Tuah Jaya’s large volume of used cooking oils to
good use. The project will develop a pilot scheme, the results of which will serve as a starting point for
setting up an adequate collection system for waste vegetable oils. This system will collect not only
domestic oils, but also those coming from the catering sector – the collection procedure involves oils
used in the frying process from food courts. All collaborating establishments are identified with a
sticker, and they are given containers for the collection of used oil. Subsequently the oil collected in
this way is processed in a plant that transforms it into biodiesel fuel, which is then used in Hang Tuah
Jaya’s district bus fleet. In this way, the project will also help reduce the amount of hazardous and
polluting emissions, thus improving air quality in Hang Tuah Jaya.

T7: Promote cycling as a healthy and environmentally friendly form of transport

Cycling activities could create an active lifestyle
which reduces the society’s dependency on
conventional transportation such as private vehicles
and eventually reduces the carbon footprint. It can
be either for recreational or commuting purposes to
nearby markets, schools and offices. To encourage
this activity as healthy and environment-friendly form
of transport, enhancing cycling networks and build
quality of urban spaces are the way of it. (see Figure
16).

Figure 16 Example of master plan for cycling

network
T9: Convert District vehicle fleet to hybrid and electric
Converting district vehicle fleet is a way to help
reducing carbon emission and simultaneously
supporting the government’s pledge to transform
public transport into sustainable energy in Melaka.

As a first step, electric-powered buses will begin their

services from Melaka Sentral and pass through nine or
14 stations covering tourist areas in HTJ city, including
the Melaka Zoo, Taming Sari Tower, Unesco World
Heritage Site around Banda Hilir, before heading for
Klebang.49

Photo 19 Electric buses in Melaka

49 https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2020/12/11/electric-buses-for-melaka-
tourists-next-month/

30
T10: Establish unlimited free parking for low-carbon vehicles

MPHTJ can make an effort to introduce free parking

for residents who own low emission vehicles (LEV). LEV
includes electric powered and hybrid vehicles that
run on electricity and diesel or petrol which produce
no or few harmful pollutants. Providing charging
points and benefits like free parking can give
customers an option to switch to lower emission
vehicles. It is hoped that the offer of free parking will
help encourage drivers to go green and participate
in reducing carbon emission. Photo 20 Free parking for low emission
vehicles

9.3 Theme 3: Climate Responsive Infrastructure

Climate change impact requires municipal council to
rethink about the design of green infrastructure. In the
case of MPHTJ, the green infrastructure related to flood
mainly refer to water storage (retention ponds) and
drainage system, existing forest, urban green and
street trees. MPHTJ should embrace the effective
planning and design of green urban spaces and water
body provide benefits through ecosystem services in
regulating microclimate of urban areas. This is be done
through monitoring and development control on the
flood prone area. Provision of green area, landscaping and tree planting to increase green cover will
improve shade and also provide thermal comfort. MPHTJ must work with premises/ homes owners on
flood prone areas on flood response plan to reduce impact.

Table 7 Actions in the Climate Responsive Infrastructure

Responsible Timeline
Action Benefits Key partners
department 2020-2025 2026-2030
E1: Improve monitoring Green
and development Technology
Adaptation NAHRIM
control around Flood Engineering
risk areas
B8: Promote measures Building;
to make homes safer in Green Private
Adaptation Technology;
flood conditions sector
Engineering
I8: Encourage Corporate;
premises in flood Green Private
prone areas to create Adaptation Technology; sector
response plans for flash Engineering
flooding
E3: Protect all existing Town
green spaces and Planning,
Adaptation Private
establish new multi- Green
and sector
purpose green spaces Technology
Mitigation developers
that cannot be Landscape
developed

31
 Responsible Timeline
Action Benefits Key partners
department 2020-2025 2026-2030
E4: Organize ‘One Mitigation Landscape
Resident, One Tree’ and Schools
Corporate
program Adaptation
E5: Plant trees to Town
Mitigation Planning,
increase shade in
and Green NGOs
downtown areas
Adaptation Technology
Landscape
E6: Launch corporate Mitigation
sector adoption of green Landscape Private
and Corporate
spaces sector
Adaptation
B7: Implement new
Building;
policies to incentivize Mitigation Green Private
construction of green and Technology; sector
roofs and green vertical Adaptation Engineering
landscaping

9.3.1 Description of Planned Actions

E1: Improve monitoring and development control around Flood risk areas
Flood is one of the main climate hazards that often occurs
and it causes inconveniences to economic activities,
property and financial losses. Floods cause a range of
adverse impacts, including human injuries and property
damage. In order to reduce the occurrence this event,
monitoring and development control of flood prone area
need to be done. A few approaches can be achieved by
controlling the land use activities around flood risk areas to
reduce water-impermeable areas, establishing Low Impact
Development (LID) concept (see Figure 17) to new
development area and providing subsurface drains to
suitable locations. Figure 17 Low Impact Development
(LID) concept

B8: Promote measures to make homes safer in flood conditions

Often, the flood occurrence in affects the residential neighbood of Hang Tuah Jaya. Measures can
be implemented to make homes safer in flood conditions which include retrofitting, floodproofing
based on construction material, improve home elevation, making barriers and protecting service
equipment. Thus, improvements in construction practices and regulations have potential for the new
homes less prone to flood damage.

I8: Encourage premises in flood prone areas to create response plans for flash flooding
Premises in flood prone areas are more likely to face the flood hazard. Response plans such as flood
risk management needed to be established. Some initiatives are through property owners to use
water-resistant materials to reduce damage in lower levels of the home and only use those floors for
storage (wet floodproofing). Another option is to seal the building’s exterior and use removable
barriers to keep lower levels dry even in flood events (dry floodproofing).

32
E3: Protect all existing green spaces and establish new multi-purpose green spaces that cannot be
developed
Green spaces exist in a great variety of shapes, structures and types within the city or urban fabric.
The successful protection, creation, and development of the spaces is one of the key elements
required to achieve sustainable urban development. Green spaces provide carbon sink, cooling
through shading and enhanced evapotranspiration, thus reducing the heat island effect. Green
spaces can also have positive effects for human climate change adaptation. The capacity of
vegetation to retain water is an important flood prevention feature that can reduce peak discharges.

E4: Organize ‘One Resident, One Tree’ program

In order to have more trees by 2030, each resident in HTJ
should encouraged to plant trees within their residential
areas or to take part in the planting activities organized
in the city. Hence, one resident, one tree program is a
simple and effective method which can be introduced
in HTJ. By getting them involved in tree planting activities,
residents will understand the importance and value of
trees as asset (not liability) in a city environment. This can
help to improve their awareness on preserving trees and
to conserve green cover (forest) in the city (see Photo
21). 50
Photo 21 One resident one tree in
neighborhood area

E5: Plant trees to increase shade in downtown areas

In order to achieve concept of Walkable City, tree
planting initiative should be promoted because tree
planting can provide attractive greenery view in the city,
act as shades and promote walkable communities,
reducing air pollution and air temperature (see Photo
22). 51 Shades also function to purify polluted air as well
as provide natural scenery to the urban dwellers in the
area, which can improve their mental stress.
Photo 22 Trees as shades at pedestrians
area

E6: Launch corporate sector adoption of green spaces

Providing green spaces for inner city residents is increasingly challenging by the limited amount of
available park space in urban areas. In the meantime, local authority itself is struggling to maintain
public parks in the city with its limited budget. Cooperation from corporate sector is much needed to
maintain the green spaces. HTJ shall encourage and cooperate with businesses and NGOs to increase
green cover by granting and engaging in parks or green space adoption programs. Private sectors
can manage the parks on a lease-based manner under their corporate social responsibility (CSR)
programs.

B7: Implement new policies to incentivize construction of green roofs and green vertical landscaping
Revision of green area requirement for new development is needed to increase the green covering
in buildings, to mitigate urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. As the land area in HTJ City Centre is
scarce, other means of substituting the green area on ground onto buildings surface are alternative
strategies to increase the green area in the city. The current requirement of green area on the ground
for a new building development in Malaysia is generally 10% of the site area. In this program, the
requirement by MPHTJ should be revised and be increased to 30% for large scale development (100
acres). However, an exemption of up to two-thirds of the requirement can be permitted with the use

50 PropSocial
51 Chan Tak Kong, The Star

33
of green rooftop, sky terraces or vertical green on building façade, subject to an approval from
MPHTJ. Furthermore, an addition of every 8% of green area on the ground plus more than 2,000 m 2
perimeter planting and 16% of building podium should be entitled for an additional plot ratio. As for
existing buildings, incentives in the form of development charge exemption shall be rewarded to the
efforts of replacing buildings’ surfaces with high-albedo materials as well as replanting or provision of
new green spaces and installation of new rooftop or vertical green. This program is in line with various
incentives given by different countries worldwide. Thus, this proposed program shows MPHTJ’s initiative
for improving the covering and greening the existing buildings in HTJ.

9.4 Theme 4: Sustainable Community

MPHTJ can leverage on community led
sustainability transition to Low carbon community.
As this required societal and behaviour change,
stakeholder effective engagement is important.
Common community activities such as urban
farming, composting, 3Rs activities, Low carbon
community Association, and dengue prevention
measures can be incorporated as low carbon
actions and MPHTJ’s LA21 program. MPHTJ may
also engage with private sector to promote Energy
efficiency, waste to wealth, tree planting and low
carbon activities where private sector can
participate as CSR program.

Table 8 Actions in the Sustainable Community

Responsible Timeline
Action Benefits Key partners
department 2020-2025 2026-2030
E2: Promote urban Town Planning, Local
farming and involve Adaptation Green residents,
the community Technology farmers
I3: Establish Corporate,
decentralized and Green
Mitigation Technology, NGOs
community-oriented
composting sites Public Health

I9: Implement a ‘pay-as- Corporate,

you-throw’ waste system Mitigation Green
Technology, Private sector
Public Health
S4: Promote community Corporate, Local
recycling of used Mitigation Green residents,
cooking oil Technology NGOs
S2: Set up Low Carbon Corporate,
Engineering, Local
Residential association Mitigation Green residents
Technology
S3: To raise community Corporate,
Engineering, Local
awareness on prevention Adaptation residents,
Green
of dengue NGOs
Technology

34
 Responsible Timeline
Action Benefits Key partners
department 2020-2025 2026-2030
B9: Encourage major Building,
commercial/institution Green Private
establishments to post Mitigation Technology, sector
energy efficiency data Engineering
publicly at entrance

9.4.1 Description of Planned Actions

E2: Promote urban farming and involve the community
A community should be encouraged to involve in
community farming within their neighbourhoods.
Planting edible plants, such as fruit trees and vegetables,
will help to increase the greenery of the neighbourhood
and provide organic food to the communities. In
addition, these parks or gardens can function as an
educational and learning ground for students and
attract visitors.

In response to the potential shortage of local authority to

initiate; manage and harvest urban farming, a setup of
Community Garden Association to promote
collaboration and participation from the local community is vital in order to improve and sustain the
urban farming practice. This Community Garden Association can be initiated together by HTJ Local
Authority and the respective residential associations. Interested local citizens shall be encouraged to
join the association whereby HTJ Local Authority shall focus on providing a professional assistance and
technical support to the urban farming project.

Following the establishment of the Community Garden Association, a local community is given the
responsibility to cultivate and manage an urban farming site. The establishment of Community Garden
Association will benefit the urban farming by providing the people needed for the farming activities.
Community Garden Association will also serve as a social learning platform for experience sharing
among the local community members as well as serve as knowledge sharing centre to the local
community. The best urban farming site should be nominated and awarded; this will encourage more
neighbourhoods to participate in such programs.

I3: Establish decentralized and community-oriented composting sites

Decentralized composting, also known as community
composting, refers to a community-scale network in a
specific neighborhood that diverts and composts biowaste
in a controlled operative environment. The main
advantages of decentralized composting over centralized
systems are the transportations and maintenance costs are
relatively low. Furthermore, it also low skills and required with
simple technology equipment.
Most of the countries such as Spain, Dublin and Lithuania
implemented this composting in residential area and
processed this waste collection from kitchen waste,
Photo 23 Decentralized composting

35
organic waste and biodegradable waste.52 By community composting, local resources community
participation can be established.
To encourage the collection of organic wastes from household, an awareness campaign to deliver
the information and knowledge on handling these organic wastes at source is the initial step for this
program. The awareness program may involve knowledge sharing among the experts and residents
on the processes of composting and turning the compost into fertilizer. Then, Hang Tuah Jaya local
authority shall provide and set up a composting facility within participating neighbourhoods. A reward
system such as award badge should be introduced which will further motivate the public to be active
in waste collection and composting activities.

I9: Implement a ‘pay-as-you-throw’ waste system

The “Pay as You Throw” (PAYT) program is based on a concept
of usage-pricing when disposing municipal solid waste. It
imposes charges on households for solid waste collection
based on the amount of waste being thrown away (EPA,
2016). The goal is to create a financial incentive which
encourages residents to recycle, thus lessening the volume of
waste sent to landfills and incinerators. The implementation of
PAYT programs requires minimal operational changes and
costs in which the established solid waste collection routes and
fee exemption for waste producer exist if waste is sent for
recycling or composting.
Figure 18 Illustration of PAYT program

S4: Promote community recycling of used cooking oil

Used cooking oil can be divided into yellow grease or brown
grease. Yellow grease is recovered from restaurants and food-
processing industries whereas brown grease is from the grease
traps from kitchen sinks and floor drains. Brown grease
collected from sink may have solids and unwanted materials,
thus reducing its potential to be recycled (refer Photo 24). By
promoting Waste to Wealth, residents may collect their used
cooking oil and stored in containers and sent to designated
collection location. Residents also should be informed that the
used cooking oil can be used to produce value-added
products, such as biodiesel, lubricants, soaps and candles.

Apart from used cooking oil, household food waste and

garden waste have a great potential to be converted into
fertiliser. These organic wastes can be utilised in a wealth
creation program rather than being sent to landfill. Organic
waste can be diverted to a composting facility in order to
produce fertiliser for agriculture harvesting as well as feedstock Photo 24 Recycling of used
for power generation. cooking oil

52 https://encyclopedia.pub/986

36
S2: Set up Low Carbon Residential association
Low carbon residential association aims to foster awareness and
behavior among residents on the importance of preserving the
environment and thus reducing pollution. It is vital to empower the
community a low-carbon lifestyle by managing effective programs
such as plogging activities in residential area and low carbon
initiatives program in neighborhood areas and city centre. The
implementation of this proposal will foster community awareness on
aspects of cleanliness, well-being and the importance of the
environment in daily life.
Photo 25 Plogging activities in
neighborhood area
S3: To raise community awareness on prevention of dengue
Creating a sense of community awareness is the first step in fostering the prevention of dengue among
the residents in Hang Tuah Jaya. Dengue prevention needs to be channeled to locals in order to
encourage locals to increase the awareness of dengue. An accurate yet accessible information
channel in disseminating information related to dengue is vital in creating such awareness and
empowering the community to prevent of dengue. The distribution of information can be done via
using mass media, social marketing approach and collaboration with relevant stakeholders in
educating the public.

B9: Encourage major commercial/institution establishments to post energy efficiency data publicly at
entrance
Improving energy efficiency of the commercial and infrastructure building is a crucial aspect of any
national energy policy. The Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) were
conducted by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) to capture commercial building and
institutional building on sector energy consumption and expenditures. However, this approach
requires the building owner, operator, or manager to measure the building’s energy performance. This
information can be used to identify cost-effective opportunities for improvements and also made
available to the marketplace through a direct disclosure to stakeholders such as a tenant, investor,
lender or by publication on a publicly accessible web sit

37
9.5 Relationship between planned actions and GHG emissions sectors
and climate hazards for Hang Tuah Jaya
This section illustrates the relationship between planned actions with GHG emissions sectors and
climate hazards of Hang Tuah Jaya. The planned actions are obtained from the series of stakeholder
engagement with MPHTJ, technical agencies and NGOs. Based on focused acceleration guidance
proposed by C40, the targeted reduction potential from the planned action formulated is based on
60% reduction from stationary sector, 30% from transportation sector and 10% from waste and other
sector.

38
Figure 19 Relationship between planned actions and GHG emissions sectors and climate hazards for Hang Tuah Jaya

39
Chapter 10.0 Financing

Hang Tuah Jaya aims to seek local, state, national and

international funding sources in order to finance this Climate
Action Plan. The Municipal Council itself will fund local-level
projects such as tree planting, drainage maintenance, street
lighting, building of pedestrian walkways, and solid waste
management. State funding will be sought for larger infrastructure
projects, and the Council will apply for national and international
co-financing for more ambitious initiatives.

Chapter 11.0 Implementation and Monitoring Process

The implementation and monitoring process will utilize the GCoM CRF and GPC tools (described
previously) in order to track changes greenhouse gas emissions in Hang Tuah Jaya. The CAC will meet
annually in order to review and approve each year’s climate-related programs and budget, and more
frequently – approximately four times a year – in order to monitor progress. Accordingly, with GCoM’s
requirements, the CCCWG will report any updated targets and major changes in city governance as
soon as possible, as well as submit an updated greenhouse gas inventory and risk and vulnerability
assessment biennially. Progress towards the climate action plan and details on specific actions and
their costs will also be reported on a two-yearly basis, which is in line with GCoM requirement, although
taking inventories on an annual basis may be recommended.53

53 GCoM CRF Guidance Note

40
Appendices
Appendix A: Relevant National, State and Local Policies
a. 11th Malaysia Plan
The 11th Malaysia Plan, covering 2016-2020, is the most recent
of Malaysia’s 5-year development plans. With a focus on
achieving Vision 2025, the aspiration laid out in 1991of achieving
full development in Malaysia, the legislation lays out plans for
productivity and innovation based on six Strategic Thrusts:
enhancing inclusivity, improving wellbeing, accelerating human
capital development, pursuing green growth, strengthening
infrastructure and re-engineering economic growth. The plan
outlines goals for energy access including 99.9% electrification,
and energy efficiency policies including introducing labeling and
standards as well as public awareness programs. The renewables
policies in the plan include exploring wind, geothermal and
ocean energy, implementing net energymeteringandspreading
public awareness,with renewable sources projected to make up 7.8% of total capacity in Malaysia by 2020.
The plan outlines improvements in public transportation and allocates RM 2.3 billion to support low-
carbon technology projects.5455

b. National Policy on the Environment

Established in 2002, the National Policy on the Environment
details strategies for sustainable exploitation of Malaysia’s
natural resources in order to foster increased economic growth
and improve quality of life.56 The policy details measures for
conserving natural areas, particularly to protect indigenous flora
and fauna, sustainable energy production and water and forest
management.57 8 principles are centered: stewardship of the
environment, conservation of nature’s vitality and diversity,
continuous improvement of the quality of the environment,
sustainable use of natural resources, integrated decision-
making, role of the private sector, commitment and
accountability, and active participation in the international
community.58

54 https://globalchange.mit.edu/publication/p2p-asean
55 https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/2508
56 https://theredddesk.org/countries/policies/national-policy-environment-malaysia
57 KK CAP

58 https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/en/tentang-jas/pengenalan/dasar-alam-sekitar

41
c. National Policy on Climate Change
The National Policy on Climate Change, enacted in 2009, provides a
system for government agencies and other stakeholders to address
climate impacts. This legislation aims to mainstream climate concerns
and mitigation efforts into all national policies and plans, as well as to
enhance institutional capacity for climate policy responses. The
policy relies on five key principles: development on a sustainable
path; conservation of environment and natural resources;
coordinated implementation; effective participation; and common
but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Key
actions include prioritizing climate change in the National
Development Planning Council, establishing an inter-ministerial
committee on climate change, developing national carbon
accounting systems, investing in research and development, and
others.59

d. National Green Technology Policy

The National Green Technology Policy was launched in 2009 in order
to minimize energy consumption while maximizing economic
development, facilitate the growth of green technology industry and
increase national capacity and competitiveness for green
technology innovation. The legislation also aimed to ensure
sustainable development and spread public awareness. Key actions
under the Policy include the formation of a government and legal
mechanisms for the advancement of green technology, providing
access to financing and supporting partnerships between the
government, industries and research institutions. The GTFS falls under
this legislation.60

e. National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan

The National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (NREPAP)
was introduced in 2009 to address renewable energy market failures
and devise a coherent set of renewable energy policies in order to
stop sending mixed signals to the business community. The NREPAP
identified existing implementation issues in increasing renewable
energy usage in Malaysia and analyzed policy solutions with a target
of 34% renewable capacity by 2050, which would avoid the emission
of 16 million tons of carbon dioxide.

59 https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/07/national-policy-on-climate-change/
60 http://dev-gerbang.ppj.gov.my/storage/pdf/20/20.pdf

42
The stated objectives of the policy are to increase RE contribution in the national power generation
mix; facilitate the growth of the RE industry; ensure reasonable RE generation costs; conserve the
environment for future generations; and enhance awareness on the role and importance of RE. The
strategic thrusts of the policy include introducing a regulatory framework, providing a conducive
environment for businesses, developing human capital, investing in research and development and
implementing a renewable advocacy program.6162

f. Policy and Mechanism on National Disaster and Relief Management

Following a series of disasters that struck Malaysia in the 1990s,
National Security Council Directive No. 20, also known as the Policy
and Mechanism on Disaster and Relief Management, was put into
force. The directive aims to outline policy on land-based disaster
relief by establishing mechanisms for all stages of disaster
management, and coordinating responsibilities between
government agencies, the private sector and voluntary bodies.
Directive No. 20 applies to all kinds of disasters, not just natural ones,
but does have important applications for climate-related
calamities, such as floods and haze. In 2015, following devastating
floods in the state of Kelantan, the Malaysian government
established the National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA) to
take over from the National Security Council and fully focus on
disaster relief. NADMA’s primary objective is to carry out Directive
No. 20, and the agency has proceeded to develop early warning
systems and disaster response mechanisms.63

g. National Biofuel Policy of 2006 and National Biofuel Industry Act of 2007
The 2006 National Biofuel Policy is the primary policy vehicle for the biofuel industry in Malaysia. The
legislation sets specifications for 5% biodiesel blends and mandates its usage, promotes public
awareness of and access to biodiesel, facilitates production and aims for gradual increases of the
palm oil proportion in biodiesel blends.64 The Biofuel Industry Act of 2007 regulates biofuels licensing,
and built on these policies by reducing administrative barriers and setting further requirements for the
share of palm biodiesel in transportation fuel; this percentage was increased to 7% in 2014. 6566

61https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/sites/default/files/NREPAP.pdf
62 http://www.seda.gov.my/policies/national-renewable-energy-policy-and-action-plan-2009/
63https://www.adrc.asia/acdr/2017/documents/7%20Malaysia%20National%20Disaster%20Managem

ent%20Agency%20(NADMA)%20and%20its%20philosophy,%20Mr.%20Zainal%20Azman%20Bin%20Abu
%20 Seman,%20Deputy%20Director%20General,%20NADMA.pdf
64 https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/malaysia/name-147424-en.php

65 https://globalchange.mit.edu/publication/p2p-asean
66 https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/malaysia/name-147425-en.php

43
h. Green Technology Master Plan
The Green Technology Master Plan (GTMP), created for the years
2017-2030, builds on the Eleventh Malaysia Plan’s emphasis on green
growth. The primary goal of the plan is to mainstream green
technology into the country’s development. The GTMP focuses on
six sectors: energy, manufacturing, transportation, building, waste
and water. The policy develops targets for each of these sectors,
and aims to mainstream them into Malaysia’s National
Development Plans. Implementation relies on several key strategic
directions: the government leading the way in adopting green
technology; mainstreaming green technology in markets; nurturing
research, development and commercialization; and human capital
development.67

i. Renewable Energy Act 2011

The Renewable Energy Act of 2011 established a feed-in tariff (FIT) system to encourage the
generation of renewable energy. Under the system, sustainable energy developers can apply for
approval from the Sustainable Energy Development Authority in order to benefit from the Act’s
economic incentives. The costs are transferred onto energy consumers, who pay a 1% fee towards the
Renewable Energy Fund on top of their normal electricity bill. The original policy covers solar, mini
hydro, biomass and biogas systems, and aims to make long-term renewable projects of these types
economically viable. In 2014, lower feed-in tariffs were announced, and in 2015, the government
launched geothermal feed-in tariffs.68

j. Green Technology Financing Scheme

The Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) was established
during the 2010-2017 time period to funnel RM 3.5 billion towards
green technology innovations in industry.88 The scheme channels
financial support towards initiatives approved by GreenTech
Malaysia in the energy, water, building, transport, waste and
manufacturing sectors. An extension of GTFS, to be known as GTFS
2.0, was approved March 2019 with a budget of RM 2.0 billion for
the period until the end of 2020.69

k. Malaysian Urban Indicator Network

The Malaysian Urban Indicator Network (MURNInet) was developed by the Federal Department of Town
and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia in order to measure and evaluate the sustainability of towns
and cities in Malaysia. The system includes a set of Urban Indicators which can be used to evaluate the
quality of life in municipalities across the country. The indicators span 11 planning components:
demography, housing, economy, utility and infrastructure, public facility, environment, sociology and
social impact, land use, tourism and heritage, transportation and accessibility, and management and

67 https://www.pmo.gov.my/2019/07/green-technology-master-plan-malaysia/
68 https://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/malaysia/name-24984-en.php
69 https://globalchange.mit.edu/publication/p2p-asean

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finance.70

l. Low Carbon Cities Framework

Powered by GreenTech Malaysia, a government agency promoting
sustainable technological solutions, the Low Carbon Cities Framework
(LCCF) is an information portal providing guidance for Local Authorities,
universities, and other small-scale entities on how to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. The framework addresses emissions in four main categories:
urban environment, urban infrastructure, urban transportation and urban
buildings. Several cities, such as Seberang Perai, Hang Tuah Jaya and
Subang Jaya, have already implemented the framework and used it to
make their cities more sustainable through action such as installing solar
panels and replacing indoor lights.71

m. Green Building Index

The Green Building Index (GBI) is a rating system used across Malaysia to promote the design and
construction of water-efficient and energy-saving buildings that improve human health and are built
with sustainable materials. Project designs are assessed, ideally before construction, and graded
according to the GBI score sheet; following completion, buildings are verified and given a final award.
Projects are then reassessed every three years in order to preserve their rating .72

70 http://mirror.unhabitat.org/downloads/docs/MURNInet-Malaysia_SubmissionDetails.pdf
71 https://www.greentechmalaysia.my/our-services/low-carbon-cities-framework/
72 https://new.greenbuildingindex.org/

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n. Melaka State Structure Plan 2035
The Melaka State Structure Plan, published this year, consists of the
state authority’s proposals for the development and use of Melaka’s
land through 2035. The plan has four primary goals: resilient economy,
green city state, sustainability and inclusivity, and Melaka identity. 87
policies and 397 implementation initiatives are laid out to achieve
these targets. The plan aims to grow the state’s population to 1.5
million, and visitors to 25 million, with a state GDP of USD 26,626. The
document also targets shifting to 60% public transportation,
decreasing water usage, implementing green technology policies,
and improving forest conservation. A proposal is included for Hang
Tuah Commercial Center (HTMCC), which is intended to be 30%
commercial/institutions, 30% residential, 25% infrastructure/utility, and
15% public open spaces.73

o. Melaka Green City Action Plan

Melaka’s Green City Action Plan, a flagship project for the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth
Triangle Green Cities Initiative, outlines the state’s commitment to decarbonization, economic
development, and supporting Malaysia’s NDC. The plan focuses on balanced growth, with an
emphasis on integrating urban development and environmental planning in order to manage rapid
urbanization and environmental challenges. Key issues identified in the report include coastal
development without climate change risk assessments, traffic congestion, balancing tourism and
heritage conservation, scaling up green activities and decoupling population and economic growth
from emissions. The plan covers water management, energy efficiency, renewable energy, green
transportation, zero waste, urban forestry and agriculture, and cultural heritage and tourism. Specific
actions include converting the public fleet to fuel-efficient vehicles, creating integrated transit
blueprints, expanding the centralized sewerage system, and others. The Hang Tuah Jaya Green City
project, under the Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF), is identified as an important project for
increasing density, creating walkable areas and improving green buildings by using LEED and GBI
certifications.

73https://www.thegpsc.org/sites/gpsc/files/partnerdocs/gpsc_delhi_meeting

melaka_2035_plan-final2-31101 7.pdf

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Appendix B: Climate projections
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability represents the most recent assessment
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the literature on the expected impacts
of global warming. The report builds on its previous iteration, Climate Change 2007, and notes that the
amount of relevant research more than doubled in between the release of the two editions. One can
assume that publication of work on climate impacts, adaptation and vulnerability has continued to
grow in the years since Climate Change 2014 was published, with the next assessment due in 2021. As
a result, we have considered the findings from the latest assessment, analyzed some literature
published since then, and will await the findings of the next report. We have also examined more
targeted research of the sort that would not be covered in the Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
text.

The IPCC report finds that climate change is already having considerable effects on natural systems,
and impacts of less magnitude on human systems. Key risks for Asia 74 (see table 9) as a whole include
increased flooding, sea level rise, heat-related mortality and drought-related water and food
shortages.75 The phenology, growth rate and distribution of plant species are expected to shift across
the continent, and there are high confidence that coastal and marine systems will experience
increasing stress from both climatic and non-climate drivers. More frequent extreme climate events
and rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development are likely to exacerbate the
challenges Asia already faces.76 Overall, more research, especially using high-resolution climate
models, is needed in order to create more detailed predictions due to the high localization of climatic
phenomena in the region.

Table 9 Key climate risks in Asia

74 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Summary for Policymakers
75 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Summary for Policymakers
76 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia

47
The figure below, from the National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), depicts the
predicted effects of climate change in Malaysia. More detailed information about climate projections
is categorized below (see Figure 2177).

Figure 20 Projected Climate Change in Malaysia

a. Temperature
According to the assessment, temperatures throughout Southeast Asia have been climbing by 0.14
- 0.20 C per decade since the 1960s, and the number of hot days and warm nights is on the rise.78 By
the end of this century, median temperature increases for the highest emissions scenario tested are
likely to exceed 3 C. Under the lowest emission scenario, that amount is less than 1C.79 Downscaling
General Circulation Models, the global simulations used to create large-scale climate projections, to
regional climate models of Peninsular Malaysia demonstrates that mean annual temperatures over
watersheds may increase 2.50-2.95 C during the 21st century.80

b. Precipitation
Annual total wet-day rainfall in Southeast Asia has been increasing by 22 mm per decade, and by
10 mm per decade for extreme rain days, with a rising ratio of rainfall in the wet to dry seasons
between 1950 and 2005; this varies, however, geographically and by season. In Peninsular Malaysia
specifically, where precipitation is largely dependent on the Maritime continent monsoon, changes
are observed to vary based on the season .81 Total rainfall and frequency of wet days appears to be
decreasing during the southwest monsoon, with increasing rainfall intensity. During the northeast
monsoon, on the other hand, rainfall, the frequency of extreme rainfall events and rainfall intensity
are all on the rise.82 The downscaled regional climate models previously cited confirm that mean

77http://www.ukm.my/seaclid-

cordex/files/second_workshop/PDF_DAY2/Malaysia_Syazwan_SEACLID_Bangkok.pdf
78 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia
79 Climate Change 2013: Physical science basis
80 Kavvas, M. L., et al. "A Study of the Climate Change during 21st Century over Peninsular Malaysia

Watersheds." AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2016.

81 Climate Change 2013: Physical science basis
82 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia

48
annual precipitation is expected to increase over watersheds .83

c. Sea level rise

Climate change-induced rising sea levels are predicted to overrun low-lying parts of Asia.
Approximately a million people living on the coasts of South and Southeast Asia are expected to be
at risk. In addition to causing displacement, sea level rise may decrease the available amount of
fertile land, reducing the food supply.84While Malaysia may be considerably less vulnerable than
other countries in the region, the risks are still alarming. The country may face increased flooding,
coastal erosion, wetland loss, and saline intrusion, with coastal erosion predicted to cause the most
severe impacts; agriculture is likely to be the most threatened human activity.85

d. Freshwater resources
Water demand is expected to increase throughout Asia due to population growth and rising
standards of living and consumption per capita. As a result, even historically water-abundant regions
are projected to experience water stress.86 Johor is no exception. Water has been plentiful in the past,
but in recent years, the state has been forced to request water supplies from Singapore, ration water
usage and undertake extensive water infrastructure projects, including near Hang Tuah Jaya.87 While
there is generally low confidence in specific predictions about precipitation and water availability
on the local level in Asia, growth levels in Hang Tuah Jaya are likely to necessitate smart water
management strategies.8889

83 Kavvas, M. L., et al. "A Study of the Climate Change during 21st Century over Peninsular Malaysia
Watersheds." AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2016.
84 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia
85 Midun, Zamali, and Say-Chong Lee. "Implications of a greenhouse-induced sea-level rise: A national

assessment for Malaysia." Journal of Coastal Research (1995): 96-115.

86 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia
87 https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2016_47.pdf
88 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia
89 https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2016_47.pdf

49
e. Biodiversity
Changes in drought frequency and intensity are expected to have impacts on flowering patterns in
lowland rainforests in Southeast Asia. Research predicts declines in bat species richness, northward
shifts for many species, and reductions in the distributions of most species. Increases in water
temperature, sea level rise and saltwater intrusion threaten inland water-dwelling organisms; coastal
erosion may also spread. Forests may become vulnerable due to more frequent droughts,
temperature highs, logging, fragmentation, fire, tree mortality, deforestation and smoke aerosols.
There is also high confidence that coral reefs in the region are declining due to increased water
temperatures. Temperature changes may lead to increased biodiversity of marine life in tropical
areas of Asia, but tropical biodiversity overall is likely to fall. Other impacts due to shifts in climate
beyond the current normal range are expected but details can be difficult to anticipate. 90

f. Agriculture and fisheries

Crop production is likely to experience generally negative impacts due to climate change in Asia.
Sea level rise, high temperatures and flooding in particular are likely to hurt yields. Possible positive
outcomes are possible, however, in some regions due to higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations
enhancing photosynthesis. Fisheries in the tropics are likely to decline due to higher water
temperatures, changing flow regimes and the vulnerability of coral reefs. Under high emission
scenarios, average maximum body weight of marine fish is likely to decline by 14-24% by 2050. While
rice yield is likely to decline across Asia, Southeast Asia is not one of the most vulnerable regions. 91 If,
however, temperatures increase by 2 C or more, rice yields in Malaysia could drop by 13 percent,
and floods and droughts early in the growing season could lead to a drop of 80 percent. 92 Rubber
crops are at risk, with annual temperatures above 30C leading to a 10 percent yield reduction, and
94
precipitation interfering with tapping activities, although further study is needed.93 The primary
concern for cocoa farmers is drought, as production could decrease drastically if annual rainfall falls
below 1500 mm. High rainfall, on the other hand, can increase fungus incidence. And, should
temperatures increase by 2 C and rainfall decrease by 10 percent, oil palm yields could decrease
by 30 percent.

90 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia

91 Climate Change 2014: Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Asia
92http://www.ukm.my/seaclid-

cordex/files/second_workshop/PDF_DAY2/Malaysia_Syazwan_SEACLID_Bangkok.pdf
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cordex/files/second_workshop/PDF_DAY2/Malaysia_Syazwan_SEACLID_Bangkok.pdf 20
g. Public health
Climate change-exacerbated flooding is expected to worsen human health risks in Asia due to poor
water quality and increased exposure to pathogens. Climbing temperatures and air pollution are
expected to increase mortality in the region, and in Southeast Asia specifically, droughts are
predicted to cause wildfires and smoke exposure. Increased temperatures and precipitation may
worsen the toll of both water-borne and vector-borne disease. Mosquitoes’ ability to transmit malaria
is shown to increase with temperature, with a 15% increase in malaria cases expected to result from
1.5 C temperature jump. Dengue cases are also expected to increase with temperature, and food
and water-borne diseases may increase due to lack of clean water access during droughts. In
addition, traumatic experiences caused by weather events such as drought and flooding are likely
to have negative impacts on mental health.

Appendix C: Aligning Planned Climate Actions with the Low Carbon

Cities Framework + Society (LCCF+S)
a. Environment Sector
Table 10 Actions in the Environment Sector

Action
E1: Improve monitoring and development control around Flood risk area
E2: Promote urban farming and involve the community
E3: Protect all existing green spaces and establish new multi-purpose green spaces that cannot be
developed
E4: Organize ‘One Resident, One Tree’ program
E5: Plant trees to increase shade in downtown areas
E6: Launch corporate sector adoption of green spaces

b. Transportation Sector
Table 11 Actions in the Transportation Sector

Action
T1: Implement Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
T2: Provide comprehensive public transport network
T3: Provide user friendly pathways for pedestrians and cyclists
T4: Increase potential activity centres for pedestrian zones
T5: Provide a 'Park-and-Walk/Cycle' zone as an initiative for drivers to park outside commercial areas
T6: Run District buses on recycled oil from food courts
T7: Promote cycling as a healthy and environmentally friendly form of transport
T8: Provide real-time online information about bus locations and arrivals
T9: Convert District vehicle fleet to hybrid and electric
T10: Establish unlimited free parking for low-carbon vehicles
c. Infrastructure Sector
Table 12 Actions in the Infrastructure Sector

Action
I1: Conduct feasibility study on industrial symbiosis (including Waste-to-Wealth) for existing industrial
area
I2: Encourage industry to use grey water for non-potable purposes
I3: Establish decentralized and community-oriented composting sites
I4: Install solar-powered street lights throughout the municipality
I5: Establish tax incentives and low-interest loans to attract and promote green industry
I6: Establish tax incentives for energy efficiency investments in the production process
I7: Promote ISO 14000 certification in industry
I8: Encourage premises in flood prone areas to create response plans for flash flooding
I9: Implement a ‘pay-as-you-throw’ waste system

d. Building Sector
Table 13 Actions in the Environment Sector

Action
B1: Promote Photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems on MPHTJ assets
B2: Promote the use of natural ventilation by implementing MS1525
B3: Promote Photovoltaic (PV) for new buildings
B4: Ensure new developments are integrated with rainwater harvesting systems and grey water
recycling for non-potable usage
B5: Install energy efficiency (EE) equipment and smart meters on commercial buildings as an energy
saving initiative
B6: Promote green building assessment
B7: Implement new policies to incentivize construction of green roofs and green vertical landscaping
B8: Promote measures to make homes safer in flood conditions
B9: Encourage commercial establishments to post energy efficiency data publicly at entrance
B10: Promote solar water heaters in new developments

e. Society Sector
Table 14 Actions in the Society Sector

Action
S1: Promote low carbon tourism products and services to reduce environmental impacts
S2: Set up Low Carbon Residential association
S3: To raise community awareness on prevention of dengue

S4: Promote community recycling of used cooking oil

Research Project Team Member

Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council (MPHTJ) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
TPr Rozaidi bin Mahat Ho Chin Siong

LAr. Mohammad Norfadzly bin Mohammad Chau Loon Wai

Sharif
Teh Bor Tsong
Mohd Fildaus bin Abd Halim
Mlysha Nurshyla Abdul Rahim
Mohd Zaidi bin Mohd Said
Mohamad Zulikhram bin Zulibrahim
Nurul Afida Adila binti Zakaria
Umiera Yasmin Ibrahim
Rosli bin Puasa
Nursyahidah Sulaiman
Nur Dalilah binti Mohd Zamri
Rohayu Abdullah
Norasyikin binti Md. Salleh
Danya Levy
Dayang Nor Aisyah binti Mohd Firdaus

Norazlina binti Baharuddin

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)
Mariani binti Ahmad Hanah Paik
Nurliana binti Zainul Adnan Sandy Morris
Nadhirah binti Ahmad

International Urban Cooperation European

Union-Asia (IUC Asia)
Pablo Gandara