EXERCISES

A baseball team won two out their last four games. In how many
different orders could they have two wins and two losses in four
games?

Order
Win-win-loss-loss
Win-loss-loss-win
Win-loss-win-loss
Loss-loss-win-win
Loss-win-loss-win
Loss-win-win-loss
TOTAL: 6
 James, John, Peter, and Mary were recently elected as the new
class officers (president, vice president, secretary, treasurer) of the
sophomore class at Summit College. From the following clues,
determine which position each holds.
a) Mary is younger than the president but older than treasurer.
b) James and the secretary are both the same age, and they
are the youngest members of the group.
c) Peter and the secretary are next-door neighbors.

Legend : X = no, O = yes

Vice-
President Secretary Treasurer
president
James

John

Peter

Mary
It was sale day at Macy’s and
everything was 20% less than the
regular price. Peter bought a pair
of shoes, and using a coupon, got
an additional 10% off the
discounted price. The price he
paid for the shoes was $36. How
much did the shoes cost
originally?
Let x: original price
x – x (20%) – [x – x(20%)](10%) = $36
x – x(20%) – x(10%) + x(2%) = $36
x(72%) = $36
x = $36/(72%)
x = $50
 Formula of the area of a circle:
 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
 𝑟 = radius = 5 cm

 Formula of the area of a rectangle

 𝐴 = (𝑙)(𝑤)
 𝑙 = length = 20 cm
 𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 10 cm

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 − 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
= 𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛
4
(𝑙)(𝑤) − (2)(π)(𝑟 2 )
= 𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛
4
(20)(10) − (2)(π)(52 )
= 𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛
4
10.73 cm2 = 𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛
The Draw a Diagram strategy is useful
for visualizing relationships and
understanding problems. Diagrams
help represent a situation, make a
problem less abstract, evoke thought,
and keep track of your progress.
Drawing a diagram is a common
strategy in the elementary
mathematics curriculum. It can help
picture problems involving distances or
shapes.
A farmer built a rectangular fence.
Each corner of the rectangle had a
post. The shorter sides of the fence
each had four equally spaced
posts, while the longer sides each
had six equally spaced posts. How
many posts did she use?
 4 equally
spaced posts

6 equally
spaced posts

Total number of posts = 16

Jane leaves New York on a cross-
county car trip at 7 a.m.. She
averages 40 mi/h. Alice plans to take
exactly the same route, but does not
leave until 8 a.m. She averages 50
mi/h. At what time will she pass Jane?
(Assume no interruptions would occur
along the way).
Jane
40 mi/h
0 mi 40 mi 80 mi 120 mi 160 mi 200 mi

7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 a.m.

Alice
50 mi/h
0 mi 50 mi 100 mi 150 mi 200 mi

8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 a.m.

 There were 5 cars in a race. The blue
car was in front of the green car. The
yellow car was behind the green car.
The red car was between the blue and
green cars. The orange car was in front
of the blue car. What was the order of
the cars from first to last?

ORDER: Yellow, Green, Red, Blue, Orange

The coach brought the 10 players
on Robbie's basketball team to the
ice cream parlor to celebrate their
big win. The players could order an
ice cream cone, a soft drink, or
both. 7 players had ice cream and 6
players had a soft drink.
Ice cream Soft drink

7-x x 6-x

(7-x) + x + (6-x) = 10
x=3
What’s the Number?
1. It is a 3-digit number.
2. The number is even.
3. The tens digit is greater than the number of
sides of an octagon.
4. The hundreds digit is greater than the
number of sides of a trapezoid.
5. The ones digit is equal to the number of
cups in a pint (2 US cups = 1 pint).
6. The sum of the hundreds and ones digits is
less than the tens digit.
7. The sum of the three digits is an even
number.
1. The number has 3 digits __ __ __
2. Since the number is odd, the ones place either be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.

3. Since the tens digit is greater than the number of sides of an

octagon, then the tens digit can only be 9.
__ 9 __
4. Since the hundreds digit is greater than the number of sides of a
trapezoid, then the hundreds digit can either be 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.

5. Since the ones digit is equal to the number of cups in a pint, then
the ones digit can only be 2.
__ 9 2
6. Since the sum of the hundreds and ones digit is less than the tens
digit, then the hundreds digit can only be 5 or 6

7. Since the sum of the three digits is even, than the number is 592.
Find the numbers between 10 and 30 that
are divisible by 4. If the product of a
number and 3 is both less than 20 and
divisible by 4, what is the number?

Condition 1: 12, 16, 20, 24, 28

Condition 2: product is divisible by 3 and 4
and is less than 20. among the choices
above, 12 can only be the number chosen
from Condition 1. Therefore the number is 4
Yolanda, Calvin, and Celina had breakfast together.
Each chose a different item: a breakfast taco, cereal
with milk, and a bowl of fruit. Use the information to
match each person with his or her breakfast.

¥ Yolanda sat next to the person who

ate the breakfast taco.
¥ Calvin does not like spicy foods and
is allergic to dairy products.

Answer:
1. Yolanda either chose cereal with milk or a bowl of fruit.
2. Calvin can only eat a bowl of fruit.
3. Due to condition 2, Yolanda chose the cereal with milk.
4. Therefore, Celina chose the breakfast taco.
Ted, Ken, Allyson, and Janie, two married couples,
each have a favorite sport: running, swimming,
biking, or golf. Given the ff. clues, determine who
likes which sport.
1. Ted hates golf. He agrees with Mark Twain that
“golf is nothing more than a good walk
spoiled.”
2. Ken wouldn’t run around the block if he didn’t
have to, and neither would his wife.
3. Each woman’s favorite sport is featured in a
triathlon.
4. Allyson bought her husband a new bike for his
birthday to use in his favorite sport.
 Golf Swimming Biking Running

Ted

Ken

Allyson

Janie
1) Use the digits 3, 4, 5, 6 to make 2
addition problems that will have a
sum greater than 100.
2) A number is between 300 and 400.
If it is divided by 2, the remainder is
1. If it is divided by 4, 6, or 8, the
remainder is 3. If it is divided by 10,
the remainder is 5. If it is divided by
3, 5, 7, or 9, the remainder is zero.
what is the number?
How old am I?
Problem 1 Clues:
I am less than 20. I am a multiple of
5.
I only have 1 digit.
Answer: 5
Problem 2: Clues
I am between 30 and 40.
I am an odd number.
Both my digits are the same.
Answer: 33
Mr. and Mrs. Turner have four
daughters. Each daughter has
two brothers. How many children
do Mr. and Mrs. Turner have
altogether? Explain.
Both brothers can be considered
as the brothers of all the four
daughters. Therefore, Mr. and
Mrs. Turner have 6 children.
You have a barrel of water, an 8-quart
pail, a 5-quart pail, and an empty barrel.
You need to measure 9 quarts of water.
Describe how to measure exactly 9
quarts of water using these two pails.
Assume you have a large container that
will hold as much water as you need.

Solution:
1. Fully fill the 8-qt pail.
2. Fully fill the 5-qt pail with the water from the 8-qt pail.
3. Pour the remaining 3-qt of water from the 8-qt pail to
the empty barrel.
4. Pour the all the water from the 5-qt pail back to the
previously full barrel.
5. Repeat steps 1-4 to more times.
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
A carpenter needs to cut a 24-foot piece of wood into
two pieces. One piece must be 6 feet longer than the
other piece. Find the lengths of the two pieces.

Solution: Guess and check

5 + 11 = 16
6 + 12 = 18
7 + 13 = 20
8 + 14 = 22
9 + 15 = 24
When a teacher divided her students into groups of four,
she had three students remaining. When she divided
them into groups of five, she had four students
remaining. There were fewer than 40 students in the
class. How many students could be in the class?

Remainder
No. of candies
Groups of 5 Groups of 4
39 4 3
38 3 2
37 2 1
36 1 0
35 0 3
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
A student opened his book and realized the product of
the numbers on the pages facing each other was 215,760.
What were the page numbers of the pages facing each
other?
Solution:
- 215,760 = 464.50
- Use the whole number before and after 464.50
- 464 x 465 = 215,760
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
Diane has ₱1.02 in change consisting of 25¢, 10¢, 5¢,
and1¢. She has twice as many 10¢ as 25¢. She has fewer
5¢ than1¢. What is the least number of coins possible?
Solution: Guess and check
25c 10c 5c 1c Total No. of coins

1 2 5 12 1.02 20
2 4 2 2 1.02 10
2 4 1 7 1.02 14

Although the second row show a fewer set of coins, it does

not follow the set of coins wherein the no. of 5c coins is
less than the no. of 1c coins.
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.

There are cars and motorcycles in a campus parking lot.

The parking attendant noticed there are a total of 294
tires and a total of 85 cars and motorcycles. How many
cars and how many motorcycles are in the lot?
Solution:
Let n = no. of motorcycles, 85 – n = no. of cars
(2n) + [(85 – n)4] = 294
2n – 4n + 340 = 294 Therefore, there are 23
2n = 46 motorcycles and 62 cars
n = 23
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.

A carpenter needs to cut a 24-foot piece of wood into two

pieces. One piece must be 6 feet longer than the other piece.
Find the lengths of the two pieces.

Solution:
Let n = length of one piece, n + 6 = length of the other piece
n + (n + 6) = 24
2n = 18 Therefore, the first piece of
n=9 woos is 9 feet long and the
second piece is 15 feet long.
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
Mrs. Emme has some candy. She
wants to split it evenly among Remainder
No. of
the students in her class who candies 7 correct 4 correct
correctly solve a math problem. students students
If four students solve the 7 0 3
problem correctly, then there 8 1 0
will be two extra pieces of
9 2 1
candy. If seven students solve
the problem correctly, then there 10 3 2
will be three extra pieces of
candy. What is the minimum
number of pieces of candy Mrs.
Emme can have?
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.

The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 342. Find the

largest of the three numbers.
Solution:
Let: n = 1st number, n + 2 = 2nd number, n + 4 = 3rd number
n + (n + 2) + (n + 4) = 342
Therefore, the 3
3n = 336
consecutive even numbers
n = 112
are 112, 114, and 116.
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
Melanie gave her mother a bouquet of 24 flowers. The
bouquet was made up of roses, carnations, and daisies.
There were twice as many daisies as roses. There were 3
times as many carnations as roses. How many of each
kind of flower were in the bouquet?
Solution:
Let: n = no. roses; 2n = no. of daisies; 3n = no, of
carnations
n + 2n + 3n = 24
Therefore, there are 4
6n = 24 roses, 8 daises, and 3
n=4 carnations.
Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
A phone company charges a $4 monthly service fee and
$0.25 for every minute of long-distance call time. If your
telephone budget is $9.41, what is the maximum number
of minutes of long-distance calls you can make?

Solution:
$9.41 −$4
= 21.64
$0.25

We only count 21 number of calls.

Practice Problems

Use guess and check, or make an orderly listing

problem strategy, whichever is more appropriate.
You are a magician. Ask an audience member to pick a
number, but make sure she doesn’t tell you what the
number is. Give her these directions: “Subtract 3 from it.
Multiply the result by 6. Add 10. Divide by 2.” Ask her to
tell you the result. How would you determine her original
number?
Solution: [(x – 3)6 + 10 ]/2 = n, x is the original
number and n is the resulting number.
When determining the original number, apply this
expression: [(2n – 10)/6] + 3 = x.