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2.2 Matched Filter

The document discusses the matched filter, which is an optimal linear filter for maximizing signal-to-noise ratio in additive noise. It describes how a matched filter works by correlating a known signal pulse with a received signal to detect the pulse. The key aspects covered are defining the impulse response as the time-reversed complex conjugate of the signal, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio, and the matched filter providing optimal detection of any signal with equal energy in white noise.

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jayanthisrees
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32 views

2.2 Matched Filter

The document discusses the matched filter, which is an optimal linear filter for maximizing signal-to-noise ratio in additive noise. It describes how a matched filter works by correlating a known signal pulse with a received signal to detect the pulse. The key aspects covered are defining the impulse response as the time-reversed complex conjugate of the signal, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio, and the matched filter providing optimal detection of any signal with equal energy in white noise.

Uploaded by

jayanthisrees
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE-2

BASEBAND TRANSMISSION

Matched Filter

21EC403 - Matched Filter 1


Video Links

Lecture Videos

Application Videos

Additional Videos

21EC403 - Matched Filter 2


Matched filter

• The matched filter is the optimal linear filter for maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) in the presence of additive stochastic noise.

• Matched filters are commonly used in radar, in which a known signal is sent out, and the
reflected signal is examined for common elements of the out-going signal.

• Points to be discussed:
• Detection of digital pulses corrupted by the effect of channel knowing the shape of the
transmitted pulse
• Device to be used – matched filter

21EC403 - Matched Filter 3


Matched Filter
• Basic task – detecting transmitted pulses at the front end of the
receiver (corrupted by noise)

• Receiver model

21EC403 - Matched Filter 4


Matched filter
The filter input x(t) is:

---------------- 1

where T is an arbitrary observation interval


g(t) is a binary symbol 1 or 0
w(t) is a sample function of white noise, zero mean, PSD N0/2
The function of the receiver is to detect the pulse g(t) in an optimum manner,
providing that the shape of the pulse is known and the distortion is due to effects of
noise.
To optimize the design of a filter so as to minimize the effects of noise at the
filter output in some statistical sense.
21EC403 - Matched Filter 5
Designing the filter
• Since we assume the filter is linear its output can be described as:

--------------------- 2

• Where g0(t) is the recovered signal

n(t) produced noise


instantaneous power in
the output signal
• This is equal to maximizing the

peak signal-to-noise ratio: -------- 3

average output
noise
21EC403 - Matched Filter 6
Matched Filter

• we have to define the impulse response of the filter h(t) in such a way
that the signal-to-noise ratio is maximized.

• Let us assume that:

G(f) - FT of the signal g(t);

H(f) – frequency response of the filter

Then, FT of the output signal g0(t)= Go(f) = H(f).G(f), or

21EC403 - Matched Filter 7


Matched Filter

------------------- 4

sampled at time t=T and no noise

---------------- 5

21EC403 - Matched Filter 8


Matched Filter
The power spectral density of white noise is:

----------------- 6
Thus the average power of the output noise n(t) is:

---------- 7

21EC403 - Matched Filter 9


Matched Filter

• Substituting Eqn. 5 and 7 into Eqn.3,

-------- 8

So, given the function G(f), the problem is reduced to finding


H(f) that would maximize η.

21EC403 - Matched Filter 10


Matched Filter
We use Schwartz inequality which states that for two complex functions,
satisfying the conditions:

;;

the following is true:

---------- 9

and equality holds if: ------------------------- 10

21EC403 - Matched Filter 11


Matched Filter
In our case this inequality will have the form:

---- 11

and we can re-write the equation for the peak signal-to-


noise ratio as:

------------------------- 12

21EC403 - Matched Filter 12


Matched Filter

• The right hand side of this equation does not depend on H(f).

• It depends only on:

• signal energy

• noise power spectral density

• Max value is for:

------------------ 13

21EC403 - Matched Filter 13


Matched Filter

• Let us denote the optimum value of H(f) by Hopt(f).


------------ 14

The result: Except for a scaling coefficient k exp(-2πfT), the frequency


response of the optimum filter is the same as the complex conjugate of
the FT of the input signal.

21EC403 - Matched Filter 14


Definition of the filter functions
• In the frequency domain:

• knowing the input signal we can define the frequency response of the
filter (in the frequency domain) as the FT of its complex conjugate.

• In the time domain:


Take inverse FT of
Hopt(f):
--------- 15

21EC403 - Matched Filter 15


Definition of the filter functions

But for real signals G*(f) = G(-f):

-
----------- 16

21EC403 - Matched Filter 16


Matched filter

• So, in the time domain it turns out that the impulse response of the filter,
except for a scaling factor k, is a time-reversed and delayed function of the
input signal

• This means it is “matched” to the input signal, that is why this type of time-
invariant linear filters is known as “matched filter”

• NOTE: The only assumption for the channel noise was that it is stationary,
white, with psd N0/2.

21EC403 - Matched Filter 17


Matched Filter Conclusion:
• The dependence of peak SNR on the input waveform g(t) has been
completely removed by the matched filter.

• So, in evaluating the ability of a matched-filter receiver to


overcome/remove additive white noise we see that all signals with
equal energy are equally effective.

• We call the ratio E/N0 signal energy-to-noise ratio (dimensionless)

• The matched filter is the optimum detector of a pulse of known shape in


additive white noise.
21EC403 - Matched Filter 18
Assessment Questions
Question #1
• Describe a suitable scenario when the signal is received corrupted with AWGN
and ISI. Assume the transmitted signal is known to the receiver. Also provide a
solution through the choice of a receiver.
Note: The description can have a word count of 100 to 150 words.

Question #2
• A matched filter is to be designed to detect the triangular pulse of 10 msec
duration
Through MATLAB simulation:
(a) Determine the impulse response of the matched filter.
(b) Determine the output of the matched filter if r(t) is the input.

21EC403 - Matched Filter 19


Quiz and Assignment Links

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21EC403 - Matched Filter 20


21EC403 - Matched Filter 21

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