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LAB - 03 - Lathe Machine

The document discusses the introduction, parts, working principle and types of lathe machines. It describes the key components of a lathe like the headstock, tailstock, carriage and their functions. It also lists various operations that can be performed on a lathe like turning, drilling, threading.

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Malaika Khursheed
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14 views

LAB - 03 - Lathe Machine

The document discusses the introduction, parts, working principle and types of lathe machines. It describes the key components of a lathe like the headstock, tailstock, carriage and their functions. It also lists various operations that can be performed on a lathe like turning, drilling, threading.

Uploaded by

Malaika Khursheed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TITLE : Introduction to Lathe Machine and its working

DATE OF
:
EXPERIMENT 12-June-2022

LAB NUMBER : 03

SUBMITTED : Sir Abu Bakar Talal


TO

SUBMITTED :
BY
• Malaika Khursheed (200401084)
• Muhammad Azeem Amjad (200401046)
• Immama Arif Raz (200401032)
• Ghous Ali (200401019)
• Muhammad Saad Javed (200401013)
• Abdullah Qaim Khani (200401048)
Objective
✓ To familiarize with the Lathe machine and its types.
✓ To understand different operations of lathe machines.
✓ To learn about different parts of lathe machines and their functions.

Introduction
In this lab, we learned about lathe machines and how lathe machine is used to perform
different machining operations. We also familiarized with different parts and their
functions and with types of lathe machines.

Lathe Machine
A lathe machine is a machine tool that removes the undesired material from a rotating
workpiece in the form of chips with the help of a stationary tool that is traversed across
the work and can be feed deep into the work. It is used to perform different types of
machining operations using specific designed tools.

Parts of a Lathe Machine


Following are different parts of lathe machine,

✓ Bed ✓ Compound rest


✓ Headstock ✓ Tool Post
✓ Tail stock ✓ Apron
✓ Carriage ✓ Chuck
✓ Saddle ✓ Feed rod
✓ Cross slide ✓ Lead screw
✓ Spindle -

➢ Bed
It is the base on which all the other parts of the lathe are mounted. The three major
units mounted on a bed are:

1) Headstock
It is present on the left end of the bed. The main function of the headstock is to
transmit power to the different parts of the lathe.
It supports the main spindle and houses speed changing levers to obtain different
speeds.
Accessories mounted on the headstock spindle are:

➢ Three jaw chuck. (Holds round, hexagonal or any other symmetric workpiece)
➢ Four jaw chuck. (Holds irregular workpiece)
There are also other accessories, we studied only two in the lab,

2) Tailstock
The tailstock is located opposite to the headstock on the way of the bed. The basic
function of the tailstock is:

a) To support the other end of the work when being machined.


b) To hold a tool for performing operations like drilling, reaming, tapping, etc.
3) Carriage
Carriage is located between headstock and tailstock. The basic function of the
carriage is to support, guide, and feed the tool against the job during operation. It
consists of 5 main parts:

• Saddle
• Cross Slide
• Compound rest
• Tool Post
• Apron

• Saddle
It is an H-shaped casting mounted on the top of the lathe ways. It provides support
to cross-slide, compound rest, and tool post.

• Cross Slide
The top surface of the cross slide is provided with T slots to enable fixing of rear tool
post or coolant attachment. Carriage basically provides a mounted or automatic cross-
movement for the cutting tool.

• Compound Rest:
Compound rest is present on the top of the cross slide. It supports the tool post and
cutting tool in its various positions. Compound rest is necessary for turning angles.

• Tool Post:
The tool post is mounted on the compound rest. It is used to hold various cutting tool
holders.

• Apron
The Apron is fastened to the saddle and hangs over the front of the bed. Apron consists
of the gears and clutches for transmitting motion from the feed rod to the carriage, and
the split nut which engages with the lead screw during cutting threads.
➢ Feed Rod

Feed rod is a power transmission mechanism used for precise linear movement of the
carriage along the longitudinal axis of the lathe.

➢ Lead screw:
The lead screw is used mostly in the case when the threading operation is to be
performed on a lathe. As we know for threading operation requires rotational
movement of the job (workpiece) and the linear movement of the tool (tool post).

So, rotation of the job is obtained by the chuck and the desired linear motion of the
tool-post (as the lead screw drives the saddle when it is engaged) is provided with the
help of a lead screw.

Working Principle of a Lathe Machine


➢ A lathe machine works on the principle of rotating workpiece against a stationary
cutting tool.
➢ The workpiece is strongly held by the chuck or a faceplate or any other type of
clamping material which revolves.
➢ Lathe removes the undesired material from a rotating workpiece in the form of chips
with the help of a tool that is transverse across the work and can be fed deep in the
work to give the desired geometrical shape and size.
➢ The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel
or at right angles to the axis of the work.
➢ The cutting tool can be fed at an angle relative to the axis of the work for machining
tapers and angles.

Types of Lathe Machine


There are different types of lathe machines, but we only studied about three types,
1) Engine lathe (discussed above)
2) Turret lathe (The turret usually accommodates 6 tools for different operations like
drilling, countersinking, reaming, tapping, etc, which can be brought into
successively working positions by indexing the turret. Turret lathe is basically used
for repetitive batch production)
3) CNC lathe (programs are being fed to the computer system which controls the
overall working of the lathe)

Operations performed by Lathe Machine


There are different machining operations performed by lathe machines including,

✓ Turning ✓ Spinning
✓ Facing ✓ Spring winding
✓ Chamfering ✓ Forming
✓ Knurling ✓ Drilling
✓ Thread cutting ✓ Reaming
✓ Filing ✓ Boring
✓ Polishing ✓ Counterboring
✓ Grooving ✓ Taper boring
✓ Tapping ✓ Undercutting
✓ Internal thread cutting ✓ Parting-off
✓ Grinding ✓ Milling

Conclusion
Following are the points have been concluded from this lab,
➢ Lathe machine is considered as the father of all machines as it can be used for
various machining operations for any type of workpiece using different designed
tools.
➢ Different types of lathes are available for specific operations.
➢ It is necessary to understand each part of lathe and its function.
➢ It is necessary to properly familiarize with different types of tools and workpieces
and operations performed by tools.
➢ The most important thing to work with lathe machines is to take all safety measures
before any machining operation.

*********************THE END*********************

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