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Manual Pipephase

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

19 views

Manual Pipephase

Uploaded by

sergio arenas

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 62

Welcome Page 1 of 62

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Welcome

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI

Revision A
Last Revision:08/08//2021

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > License and Copyright Information

License and Copyright Information

No part of this documentation shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of AVEVA. No liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.
Although precaution has been taken in the preparation of this documentation, AVEVA assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. The information in this
documentation is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of AVEVA. The software described in this documentation is
furnished under a license agreement. This software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license agreement.
ArchestrA, Aquis, Avantis, DYNSIM, eDNA, EYESIM, InBatch, InduSoft, InStep, IntelaTrac, InTouch, PIPEPHASE, PRiSM, PRO/II, PROVISION, ROMeo, SIM4ME,
SimCentral, SimSci, Skelta, SmartGlance, Spiral Software, Termis, WindowMaker, WindowViewer, and Wonderware are trademarks of AVEVA and/or its
subsidiaries. An extensive listing of AVEVA trademarks can be found at: https://sw.aveva.com/legal. All other brands may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Library Component Data

Library Component Data

Over 1500 pure library components are available from the SimSci database and the libraries that are added in Thermodynamic Data Manager (TDM). The
SimSci database components are divided into family lists of related components. If you cannot locate a library component, you can search for it. The default
family list is the standard production set, which contains water, common gases, and the hydrocarbons C1 through C20.

To add a component to your simulation:

Select the Component Family by double clicking on it in the Component Family List box. To change to a new family, double-click on the new component family.
Select one or more components from the Specific Components Available for Selection box.
Press the Add Components button. The selected components are added to the Add These Library Components to the Component List box.
If you want to select all the components in a family, press the Select All button. If you want to de-select all the components you have selected in the Specific
Components Available for Selection box, press the Deselect All button.

To remove a component from your simulation:

If you want to remove a component or components from the Add These Library Components to the Component List box, select the component or components
and press the Remove Components button.

Note: If components are not added to the list box in the lower-left corner, they will not be added to the component list when the OK button is pushed.

Search
If you cannot find a specific component, you can search all component families, or just the current family, for it. The search key can be either the carbon
number, the library ID, or the chemical formula. If searching by carbon number, the lower and upper bound can be set for the carbon number. After entering
the search criterion, press the Search button. All components that match the specified search criterion will appear in the Specific Components Available for
Selection box.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Introduction to PIPEPHASE

Introduction to PIPEPHASE
PIPEPHASE
PIPEPHASE is a powerful, steady-state, multiphase fluid flow simulator for predicting pressures, temperatures and liquid holdup in wells, flow lines, gathering
and distribution systems. It is useful for designing new systems, monitoring current systems and preventing or solving problems.

NETOPT
PIPEPHASE includes a powerful optimizing capability called NETOPT that allows you to enhance network performance by defining specific operating objectives
while satisfying both physical and user-imposed constraints.
For example, you can use PIPEPHASE with the NETOPT add-on module to:
· Maximize the oil production from a system of wells operating under injection-limited gaslift.
· Minimize capital costs for a new pipeline system.
Refer to Steady State Applications for examples of its use.

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TACITE
TACITE is an add-on utility, which allows you to model compositional, transient fluid flows within the PIPEPHASE environment. If you don't already have this
powerful tool, see Obtaining TACITE for information about adding it to your PIPEPHASE simulator.
Refer to TACITE Applications for examples of its use.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Types of Simulation

Types of Simulation
PIPEPHASE works in both rating and design modes.

Rating
In rating mode, you supply data about the pipes, fittings and equipment and PIPEPHASE calculates the pressure and temperature profiles.

Design
In design mode, PIPEPHASE calculates line sizes.

Case Studies
Case Studies can be performed in either Design or Rating mode.

Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis can be performed on single links.

Gaslift and Sphering

Two special applications, relevant to oil production and gas transportation, can be modeled with PIPEPHASE. You can use PIPEPHASE to investigate the effects
of lift gas on well production and optimize the allocation of limited lift gas for multiple wells. Sphering or Pigging is used to increase gas flow efficiency in wet
gas and gas dominated multiphase pipelines.

Optimization
PIPEPHASE can optimize network problems of virtually any size. You can minimize or maximize any objective function or even tune your simulation to match
measured data, while satisfying operational or design constraints. A PIPEPHASE model can be optimized over time resulting in efficient optimized design,
planning, forecasting, and operation of a field.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Solving Networks

Solving Networks
PIPEPHASE incorporates sophisticated algorithms for calculating pressure drops and heat transfer in pipe networks.

Links and Nodes

Flow devices such as pipes, fittings, and other process equipment are connected together in a Link.
A link is defined as a series of pipes, fittings, and process equipment that has one source, one sink, and no junctions.
Each Link starts at a Node (a Source or a Junction) and ends at another Node (a Junction or a Sink).

Networks
PIPEPHASE can calculate either single links or networks. A network may have one or more sources and one or more sinks.
PIPEPHASE calculates the flowrates and pressure drops. In a network configuration, you must either define these parameters or provide an estimate at each
node.

Solution Algorithms
There are two solution algorithms available for Networks. For the vast majority of networks, you would use the default PBAL method. If your fluid is a single-
phase liquid or gas, you may find that the MBAL method (with simple estimates) gives a faster solution. See also Network Calculation Methods.

Controlling Convergence of Networks

PIPEPHASE solves networks iteratively. Whichever algorithm you use, PIPEPHASE starts with an initial estimate of flowrates in all links and pressures at all
nodes, It adjusts these values until it has reached a converged solution within a predefined tolerance. Because of the complex nature of some networks,
PIPEPHASE allows you to make adjustments to several parameters that helps to modify the iteration steps and stabilize the convergence. See also Network
Convergence.

Dependent and Independent Variables

A network generally has more than one link and one or more junctions. The variables are the pressure and flowrate at each source and sink. You specify the
values of the variables that are known, and PIPEPHASE will calculate the unknowns. In order not to under- or over-specify the system, simple rules must be
followed in constructing the problem:
· You must specify a number of knowns equal to the total number of sources and sinks.
· You must specify at least one pressure.
· If any source or sink flowrate is an unknown, you must supply an estimate.
If you do not know a pressure at a source, sink, or junction, you do not need to supply an estimate. You may specify estimates to speed up convergence.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Types of Fluid

Types of Fluid
There are seven types of fluid modeled in PIPEPHASE:
· Compositional
· Non-compositional
· Blackoil
· Gas Condensate
· Gas
· Liquid
· Steam
· Compositional Blackoil
The fluid type controls how the program is able to obtain the physical properties necessary for pressure drop and heat transfer calculations – either from the
PIPEPHASE databank, from built-in empirical correlations, or from user-supplied input. Steam is a special case of a non-compositional fluid, for which
PIPEPHASE uses the GPSA steam tables.

Compositional Fluids
Compositional fluids are defined as mixtures of chemical components with a known composition. For compositional fluids, PIPEPHASE will calculate the phase
separation whenever prevailing process fluid conditions are required. However, you may instruct PIPEPHASE to assume the fluid is one phase at all times, thus
reducing the time the program takes to solve by continually bypassing the vapor-liquid equilibrium (flash) calculation.
See also Compositional Source.

Non-Compositional Fluids
Non-compositional gases and liquids are single-phase. Steam is a single component, two-phase fluid. Blackoil is a liquid-dominated, two-phase model. Gas
Condensate is a gas-dominated, two-phase model.
See also Non-Compositional Source, Gas Condensate Source, Black Oil Source.

Compositional - Blackoil Fluids

You can combine a blackoil fluid with a compositional fluid.
See also Compositional-Blackoil PVT Data.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Transient Simulation Overview

Transient Simulation Overview

PIPEPHASE includes TACITE, a compositional transient, multiphase-flow simulation tool for designing and controlling oil and gas production pipelines and wells.
TACITE can accurately predict a wide variety of flow scenarios taking into account complex fluid effects. Composition tracking allows for a local determination of
the fluid composition, producing a good estimate of the fluid properties and local equilibrium conditions.

Note: TACITE is an add-on utility which operates within the PIPEPHASE environment. If you don't already have this powerful tool, see Obtaining TACITE for
information about adding it to your PIPEPHASE simulator.

Scope of TACITE
TACITE simulates the transient behavior of a compositional or black oil stream moving through a single link flow system with source flow rate and sink pressure
specified as time-dependent boundary conditions.

TACITE Applications
The main goal in the oil and gas industry is to cut costs while increasing production. TACITE predicts the conditions under which an operation should proceed to
optimize efficiency. Refer to TACITE Applications for examples of the use of TACITE.

Building a TACITE Simulation

We recommend that you enter data in the following order:
· Fluid Data
· Source and Sink Data
· Equipment Data
· Transient Data

Running TACITE
· Run Simulation

Examining TACITE Output

· View Output

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Links to Reservoir Simulators

Links to Reservoir Simulators

PIPEPHASE’s Reservoir Interface allows you to link the network simulator to link to Reservoir Simulation models such as the GEMS simulation model. This
integrated solution provides greater simulation consistency and accuracy, resulting in savings of millions of dollars over the lifetime of a field in terms of
planning and scheduling.
See also Reservoir Simulator Interface Data.

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Using PIPEPHASE, you can examine the effect of reservoir conditions on the performance of wells and downstream networks. You can also investigate the
implications of declining reservoir pressure and production rate and shut-in wells when a user-specified maximum water cut or gas-oil ratio is exceeded.
See also Time Stepping.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > PIPEPHASE API

PIPEPHASE API
PIPEPHASE now has an API layer that allows it to be called like a subroutine from other applications. The API has been exposed using COM, which makes the
integration of PIPEPHASE to other COM compliant applications, such as reservoir simulators, very simple.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Getting Started

Getting Started
You access most PIPEPHASE operations by selecting an item from one of the menus on the menu bar. Common operations can also be accessed from the ribbon
bar.

To start an PIPEPHASE simulation you must:

· Open an existing simulation by selecting Open from the File menu.
OR
· Create a new simulation by selecting New from the File menu.

New simulation
If you are starting a New simulation, you are prompted to:
· Select a folder where the PIPEPHASE file is to be kept and provide a name for the simulation.
· Provide descriptive information on the Simulation Description window. You can leave all the entries on this window blank if you want.
· Define the simulation in terms of Simulation Type and Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window. These definitions control what kind of data you
have to enter. So, although you can change them later, it is dangerous and you will almost certainly lose some of the data you have already entered. So be
careful to choose the correct types first.
· Select the units of measurement that you are going to use for your data on the Input Units of Measurement window. You can come back and change
these later but, if you do so, any data you have already entered will have their dimensions changed to the new units of measure. However, data values will
not be changed and this could lead to errors. So, once again, choose carefully first.
· Define the way the fluid properties are to be calculated on the Fluid Property Data window.
What happens next depends on the kind of simulation you have selected.
· If you selected Gas Lift as the Simulation Type, PIPEPHASE will put a well link and a gas lift link on the main Process Flow Diagram (PFD).
· If you selected Network, the PFD will remain blank. You have to add sources, sinks, junctions and links.

Modifying the Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Whether you started a New simulation or are continuing with one you Opened, you may add or delete sources, sinks, junctions and links on the Main PFD
window. You add, delete and edit flow devices, equipment and fittings in a link on the Link Device Data window.

Entering Transient Data

If you want to examine the performance of a link under non-steady state conditions, you must enter transient data. You may look at one link at a time.

Running PIPEPHASE
When you are satisfied with your network and the data you have entered, run PIPEPHASE in steady state.

Viewing the Results

When the run is complete, you may examine by viewing several of the output and working files which are generated each time the simulation is run.
For steady state simulations, you may create a Results Database that allows you to access simulation results from other applications. This database can be used
to generate custom Excel Reports.
The Transient Results Access System is used to view results from transient simulations.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Main PFD Window

Main Process Flow Diagram Window

The main Process Flow Diagram (PFD) window is where you create and edit your network. Sources, Sinks, Manifolds, Junctions and Links are displayed on the
PFD.

To place a Node (Source, Sink, Manifold or Junction) on the PFD

Click on the Source, Sink or Junction button on the ribbon bar. The pointer changes to a Positioning pointer. Click on the PFD to place the new source, sink,
manifold or junction. If you want to place more than one of the same type of node, hold the Shift key down as you click on the PFD.

To delete a Node from the PFD

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Click on the node to select it. The outline of the node changes color to green to indicate that it is selected. Press the Delete key on the keyboard.

To move a Node on the PFD

Click on the node and hold down the mouse button. Drag the node to the required position and release the mouse button.

To edit data for a Node

Double click on the node to open the data entry window for a source, junction or sink.

To create a link between two nodes

Click on one of the nodes. The outline of the node changes color to green to indicate that it is selected and a small square handle is displayed on the node. This
handle represents the Attachment Point for the link.
You may attach only one link to a source or a sink but multiple links to a junction.

To detach a link from a Node and attach it to another Node

Click on the link. The link changes color to green to indicate that it is selected and a small square handle is displayed near each end of the link. Click on one of
the handles and hold down the mouse button. Drag to the other node’s attachment point and release the mouse button.

To edit data for a link

To edit the devices, fittings and equipment in a link, double click on the link to open the Link Device Data window.

To place a Calculator to the PFD and edit its data

Click on the Calculator button on the ribbon bar. The pointer changes to a Positioning pointer. Click on the PFD to place the new calculator. If you want to place
more than one calculator, hold the Shift key down as you click on the PFD. To edit the Calculator data, double click on it to open the Calculator window.

To place a Hydrates Unit to the PFD and edit its data

Click on the Hydrates Unit button on the ribbon bar. The pointer changes to a Positioning pointer. Click on the PFD to place the new hydrates unit. If you want
to place more than one hydrates unit, hold the Shift key down as you click on the PFD. To edit the hydrates unit data, double click on it to open the Hydrates
Unit window.

To change the appearance of the PFD

To move the PFD use the scroll bars at the bottom and right of the window.
To view part of the PFD in greater or lesser magnification, use the Zoom buttons on the ribbon bar.
Labels, temperatures, pressures and rates can be displayed on the PFD. To switch these displays off and on, select the appropriate item on the View menu.

To draw lines and text on the PFD

You may draw shapes and place text on the PFD. Select Draw… from the Tools ribbon bar. The Draw window opens. Enter the data and push the OK button. The
text or shape appears on the PFD.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Link Display Window

Link Display Window

Link Device Data
The Link Device Data window is where you edit a link. You can add, delete, copy, paste and edit flow devices, equipment and fittings. Unit operations are added
and edited on the main PFD window.
This window is opened by double clicking on a link on the main PFD window.

Window Layout
The Link Device Data window consists of a title bar, on which the name of the link being edited is shown, a user defined Device List in the center, a Device
Palette on the right showing available devices, and a Button Bar on the left used to perform various operations
To add a device to the Device List, select the location in the list where you wish to add the new device. This is done by clicking the left mouse button on its
name or any other field in the row. If no device exists in the list, you can select the links starting node displayed in row zero. Please note that the nodes
defining the end units for the link are displayed in the list but are not editable from this window. However you may select the row containing the ending nodes
to indicate placement of devices. Selecting the ending node will cause the device to be added to the end of the device list.
You select devices to be inserted into the list from the Device Palette by clicking on the desired device type. You will then be shown the device’s data entry
window. After exiting this window the device will show up in the Device List in the location you indicated. The devices are color coded to indicate the
completeness of their data.
When first entering this window for a new link, only the From and To nodes are shown.

From and To Nodes

The From node (source or junction) and the To node (sink or junction) for the link are shown in the Device List for reference purposes only and may not be
edited in this window. To edit data for the From and To nodes, return to the PIPEPHASE Process Flow Diagram and double click on the node.

Selecting a Device Row in the Device List

To select a device row for a device that is already in the link, click on the name of the device once, or any other cell in the row. The selected device is
represented by the name field having a green background.

Adding a Device to the Link

To add a device to the Device List or link, first select a device row. Then click on the icon for the required device from the Device Palette. Scroll the Device
Palette if necessary.
The new device is added to the Device List after the currently selected device row and its data entry window opens. When you have entered data in the window,
click OK to return to the Link Device Data window.

Editing Data for a Device in the Link

To edit the data for a device already in the link, click on the device Icon in the Device List under the column heading Data Entry Window. The data entry window
for the device well then open. When you have entered data in the window, click OK to return to the Link Device Data window.

Disabling Devices in the Link

To disable a device in the link, clear its corresponding check box in the On? column. All disabled devices are removed from the current simulation run, except
the important ones such as pumps, compressors, heaters, coolers, and IPR. These devices are retained in the simulation and can be enabled or disabled
between cases in the same run.
Selecting the check box in the On? column enables the device. Note that when you import a keyword file with the disabled devices, it does not loose the

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information of the disabled devices.

Saving Changes
To save your changes and return to the Process Flow Diagram, click on the OK button.

Cancel Changes
To return to the Process Flow Diagram without saving your changes, click on the Cancel button.

Reversing Devices in a Link

Click the Reverse button to reverse the direction of flow in a Link, changing the To node to From and vice versa. This can only be performed on links bounded
with Junctions. For this case flow direction may not be known at the time the user lays down the Process Flow Diagram so a user may wish to reverse the
devices if the flow is determined to be negative during the simulation.

Cutting or Deleting a Device from the Link

To delete or cut a device already in the link, select the device row to cut and then click on the Cut button. As well as deleting the device, this operation places
the deleted device onto the PIPEPHASE clipboard. If your deletion was unintentional, you may restore the device by using the Paste button. Be sure to select
the correct position for pasting if you decide to paste the device back. By default the device will be pasted after the selected rows device if you don’t indicate
otherwise. Since cutting will not move the selected row above the cut row, the paste will put the device down one row from where it was cut from. Select the
row above the cut row to paste the device back into its previous position.

To Duplicate a Device in the Link: Copy/Paste Buttons

To duplicate a device and all its data, select the device row to copy and click the Copy button. This places the device onto the PIPEPHASE clipboard. The
contents of the clipboard are shown below the Paste button. If nothing appears below the Paste button it means nothing has been copied since the PIPEPHASE
GUI session was started.

Note: If required, you can copy multiple devices as well. To copy multiple devices, press Shift on the keyboard, select all the devices you need, and then click
Copy.

Select the device in the link after which you want to place the duplicate. Click on the Paste button to place the contents of the clipboard after the selected
device row. The pasted device then becomes the selected device row which will allow you to paste over and over again, which will have the affect of adding the
pasted device to the end of the list of other pasted devices.

Other Buttons on the Button Bar

Select the required devices and click Change On/Off to turn them on or off. If a device such as Pump, ESP Pump, Compressor, Multi-Stage Compressor, Heater,
Cooler, DPDT, and IPR is turned off, the outlet T and P of the device are set to the inlet conditions. Data such as Pump HP is set to 0.
Click the Link button to open the Link Data window where you may enter flowrate estimates, define junction splits, request detailed reports, specify dual
completions and disable the link.
Click on the TACITE button to open the Transient TACITE Simulation Data window with which you can define transient scenarios to perform on this link.
Click on the VFP Tables button to open the VFP Table Generation window. Use this window to define inflow/outflow performance curves.
Click on the View Profile button to get a quick plot of the Link Profile defined thus far.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Ribbon Bar

Ribbon Bar
The Ribbon Bar appears below the menu bar and contains buttons which are used as shortcuts for common program actions. The display of the tool bar is
toggled by selecting the Ribbon bar option on the View menu. If the menu item is checked, the ribbon bar is displayed.
The following buttons are displayed:

Create New Simulation

Open existing simulation

Import keyword file

Save current simulation

Run PIPEPHASE Pipeline network Design

Create Excel reports

View Excel reports

AVEVA Excel Simulation

Add source to PFD

Add sink to PFD

Add Vessel source to PFD

Add junction to PFD

Add Manifold to PFD

Enter calculation data

Enter hydrates data

Add Link Groups

Add Image to Flowsheet

Starts TDM application

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Define input units of measure

Enter component data

Enter thermodynamic or PVT data

Enter network data

Enter global defaults

Enter Optimization data

Zoom In

Zoom Out

Zoom Full

Refresh screen

Find

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > General Spread Sheet Editing

General Spread Sheet Editing

The General Spread Sheet allows copying and pasting of cells or groups of cells to a common "clipboard" similar to a Microsoft Excel Spread Sheet. Cells that
are copied to the clipboard can be pasted into any other application that supports the pasting of data from the clipboard, such as Microsoft Excel. Also, cells
copied from other applications can be pasted directly into the General Spread Sheet – also referred to as a worksheet. This is very helpful when data resides in
another application such as Microsoft Excel and it needs to be transferred to PIPEPHASE. A lot of time can be saved by copying and pasting instead of entering
in the data by hand one at a time. It also reduces the risk of data entry errors.

Navigating Around the General Spread Sheet

You can use the mouse cursor to left click on the cell you want to set focus on. If the worksheet already has focus, you can use the arrow keys to navigate from
one cell to another. Note that the Tab key will move focus from the worksheet to the next control in the dialog box. It will not move you from one cell to
another. Use the arrow keys to move from one cell to the next.
When data has been entered into the cell, instead of using the arrow keys to move to the next cell, you can press the Enter key and you will get the same result
as hitting the down arrow.

Inserting/Deleting/Appending Rows
If a worksheet can have rows added or deleted, three edit buttons will appear at the bottom of the General Spread Sheet dialog box. Insert Row will put an
empty row at the currently selected cell position. Delete Row will remove the row at the currently selected cell position. Append row will add an empty row after
the last row in the worksheet.

Plotting Columns
Where applicable the Plot button may appear at the bottom of the General Spread Sheet dialog box. This will provide a simple X,Y plot of the data entered. An
example of where the plot button has meaning is for displaying Pump Curves. An example of where it does NOT have meaning is for component mole fraction
specifications.

Selecting a Single Cell

Users can select a single cell by simply setting focus to that cell through a left mouse click or by navigating to it using the arrow keys.

Selecting a Group of Cells

Users can select a group of cells by setting focus to the top left cell desired, leaving the left mouse button pressed when the selection is made, and then
dragging the cursor to the bottom right cell desired. All the cells in between should appear highlighted after this operation.
If the range of cells desired is beyond what is being displayed, you may select the top left cell as before but DONleave the left mouse button depressed.
Immediately scroll down to the location of the bottom right cell desired and WHILE PRESSING THE SHIFT KEY select the bottom right cell. This again will
highlight all the cells in between.

Copying Data to the Clipboard

Once you have selected a single cell or group of cells to copy, pressing <CTRL-C> will put the selected data into the "clipboard" so that it will be available for
pasting to other applications or worksheets.

Deleting Data to the Clipboard

Once you have selected a single cell or group of cells you wish to delete the contents of, pressing <CTRL-X> will copy the contents to the Clipboard and blank
out the contents of those cells. The data will be available for pasting to other applications or worksheets until the next Copy or Delete to the Clipboard is
performed, at which time it will be overwritten.

Pasting Data from the Clipboard

Once you have copied data to the clipboard or deleted data and placed it on the clipboard, it can be pasted into other worksheets or applications by pressing
<CTRL-V>. Before pasting be sure to select the top left cell that you wish the paste to begin placing data. Note that the General Spread Sheet will ignore data
that is pasted outside the dimensions of the destination worksheet. You need to insert blank rows in the worksheet before doing the paste operation if you
donwish to loose the data that falls outside the worksheet dimensions.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Menu > File Menu

File Menu

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For more information, select an option.

· New
· Open
· Import Keyword File
· Close
· Save
· Save As
· Run
· Local Settings
· Remote Settings
· View Output File
· View Keyword File
· Print
· Exit

NOTE: File Save As should always be used to rename a simulation. Important links to simulation information will be missing if the simulation is named outside
the GUI.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Menu > Tools ribbon bar

Tools ribbon bar

For more information, select an option.
· Copy Unit
· Copy Link
· Edit Unit
· Edit Link
· Move Unit
· Draw
· Edit PFD Objects
· Case Study
· Time Stepping
· Gas Lift Options
· User Defined Splitting
· NETOPT Optimization Data
· TACITE data for Link
· User Database Settings
· Compressor Performance Curves
· Pump Performance Curves
· ESP Performance Curves
· DPDT Performance Curves
· Flow Device Schedule Database
· DRA Database

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Menu > Input ribbon bar

Input ribbon bar

For more information, select an option.
· Simulation Description
· Simulation Definition
· Input Units of Measurement
· PVT Data
· Flow Line Data
· Component Library
· Print Options
· Output Units of Measurement
· Calculation Methods
· Global Defaults

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Menu > Run/View ribbon bar

Run/View ribbon bar

For more information, select an option.
· View PFD Output
· Show PFD Options
· View Node/Link Network Results
· Rotate Node Straighten Link
· Adjust Text
· Items to Exclude
· Remap network
· Edit initial estimates
· Update estimates
· Clear Estimates
· Run Window
· Run Network
· View Output Report
· Create Excel Report
· View Node/Link Excel Report
· View RAS
· View TRAS
· Generate Excel Report
· View Excel Report
· AVEVA Excel Simulation

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Running PIPEPHASE > Run a Simulation

Run Simulation and View Results

Use this window to run the PIPEPHASE calculations. This window is opened by selecting Run from the Run/View menu or by pressing the button on the
toolbar.

Run Configuration
· Select a run type in the Type list.
· Select Network to run the network. If you want to optimize your network, you must first enable optimization in the NETOPT Optimization Data window.
· Select Nodal Analysis to perform nodal analysis on single links. Select <All Links> to perform the analysis for all links with defined Nodal Analysis data.
Alternatively, you may select a single link for the analysis.
· Select Line Sizing to perform additional analysis on single links. Select <All Links> to perform the analysis for all links with defined Line Sizing data.
Again, you may select a single link for the analysis.
· Select Component Clustering or Component Lumping to create a reduced component slate for TACITE Transient Analysis. Select TACITE Transient to run
this analysis. Refer to Running a Transient Simulation for additional information.
· Select VFP Table Generation to generate VFP tables that can be used in the network simulation. Select <All Links> to generate tables for all links with
defined data for VFP Table Generation. Alternatively, you may generate a table for a single.
Choose an option from the Action list.
· Select Run Simulation to create a keyword file and run the simulation
· Select Create Keyword File to create a keyword file
· Select Run Keyword File to run the existing keyword file. This enables you to add keywords to your file that are not supported in the GUI.
· Select Update Network Estimates to update the GUI with estimates from a previous run. This enables the Estimates to Update button where you can
select a restart file to use. Items in the restart file are matched to items in the simulation and the results are presented in an Excel workbook. You have the
option to update the estimates, ignore the estimates or clear the estimates. After making your selections, close the Excel workbook and press the Run
button for your selections to be updated in the GUI. Note that the source and sink rate estimates are updated based on the link flow rates.
· Select Remap Network to enable and disable network nodes and links based on the data defined in the GUI. Manifold links are excluded from the network
based on the link status defined in the Manifold unit. Nodes and links may be excluded based on the status defined in the Nodes and Links to Exclude Excel
window. Push the Nodes and Links to Exclude button to define the status and enter selected node data. Set the status to "0" to exclude the item from the
network. Set the status to "1" to evaluate if the item can be included in the simulation. During this evaluation process, the network utilities will include the
node or link in the simulation as long as the connections are feasible. Press the Run button to change the network configuration and update the GUI.
· Select Run From Log File to import the results from the log file into the GUI. This can be used to update the network data for changes such as
optimization.
Allow Init. Link Direction Changes option is visible when Remap network / Remap Network from file is selected. Set this option ON to check for alternate flow
paths by reversing the initial link directions before enabling / disabling network nodes and links. Default option is OFF.

Note: Take care to specify the correct flow direction in links when using these utilities.

· For online applications, you may select Remap Network from File option from the drop-down list. This will enable View Status File button. Click this button
to view the inputfile_status.csv file. Using the data defined in the file, user can exclude and disable network nodes and links. Blank lines, tabs and special
characters are not allowed in the inputfile_status.csv file. Press the Run button to change the network configuration and update the GUI.

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Note: For a proper link between PIPEPHASE and Excel, the Excel worksheet should be closed using the buttons provided prior to returning to the PIPEPHASE
simulation.

Push the Check button to check your input without running. Push Run to run the simulation. If you want to stop the simulation prematurely, push Stop. For
TACITE transient simulations, you may push Restart to continue a Stopped simulation.
· You may run PIPEPHASE in either IN-PROC or OUT-OF-PROC mode based on your preferences in the PIPEPHASE.INI file. The preference RunOutOfProc is
set to 0 for IN-PROC mode and to 1 for OUT-OF-PROC mode. The preference ShowOutOfProc may be set to 1 show the OUT-OF-PROC calculation results
during the run. You must restart the GUI for this preference to take effect.
· PIPEPHASE file with Component Lumping does not run in OUT-OF-PROC mode.

View/Generate Reports
When you have Run the simulation, you may view or print reports. Select the Report you want to view from the list and click on the View or Print button.
Push the S4MPortal button to open the AVEVA Excel Simulation application.
Push EXCEL button to open Excel Reports window.
Push the Results Access System (RAS) button to open the RAS Main Window where you can access all the results from a steady state simulation run. This
button will not be available when running transient simulations.
Push the Transient Results Access System (TRAS) button to open the Transient Results Access System window where you can view plots for the Link and run
Type selected in the Run Configuration. TRAS is designed to view link profiles and trends over either time, where time can be either long durations using Time
Stepping Network simulations or short durations from TACITE Transient simulations. This plotting tool can also be used for general Network simulations,
including Case Study, although the features are limited.

Run Status
The status of the simulation run is shown as in this window. The window may be scrolled and resized.

Note: For network optimization runs, the results in the final output report generated may differ slightly from the results shown in the Base Summary report.
After the optimized solution is found, PIPEPHASE runs the simulation one more time to generate the output report. Since the initial conditions used for this final
run may be slightly different than those used at the start of the optimization run, the final results may vary slightly from the optimized solution.

Run Other
Click on the Run Other… button to open the Run Other Application window and launch other user applications from the PIPEPHASE simulation environment. This
is useful for running additional engineering applications such as the POPHOZN horizontal well model developed by JNOC.

Run Other Application Window

Press one of the left hand column of buttons to launch the application named on the button. If the application has not yet been defined, the button caption is
Application Title.
To configure a new application or change the configuration of an existing application, click the appropriate Properties… button. Enter the Application Name, Run
File and Argument List. Browse if necessary to find the correct application.
Example: the RAS application could be configured as follows:
· Application Title: Results Access
· Application Run File G:\SIMSCI\FLIDFLOW\GUI\WINRAS.EXE
· Application Argument List: /i=G:\SIMSCI\FLUIDFLW\USER\PIPEPHAS.INI

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Working with PIPEPHASE > Running PIPEPHASE > Network Optimization Data

Network Optimization Data

Use this window to enable and set up network optimization. This window is opened by selecting Optimization Data… from the Tools ribbon or by clicking the
icon on the ribbon bar.
The optimization capability within PIPEPHASE is a powerful tool which allows the operating conditions of an entire facility to be optimized. Typical applications
are the minimization of capital costs or the maximization of profit.

Enable Network Optimization

Select this check box to enable optimization.
If, having entered optimization data, you then want to run PIPEPHASE without optimization, uncheck this box. Your optimization data will be retained.

Optimize Time Stepping Over Time

Enables time-dependent optimization. This option is only available when the Perform Time Stepping Calculations option is selected on the Time Stepping
window.

Objective
Select an optimization type. Optimization requires at least one Objective variable and one Decision variable. The Objective Function to be optimized may be
minimized or maximized.
Alternatively, you may Tune Simulation to Measured Data. This option minimizes the error between the simulation results and the minimization target specified
for each objective variable.

Objective Parameters …
This button opens the Network Optimization Objective Parameters window which shows existing Objective variables. The sum of the objective parameters
define the objective function. You can edit, delete, or disable/enable objective parameters and add new ones.

Constraints …
This button opens the Network Optimization Constraints window which shows existing operating Constraint variables. You can edit, delete, or disable/enable
constraints and add new ones.

Optimization Options …
This button opens the Optimization Options window which shows existing Optimization options. All options are optional.

Decision Variables
This list box contains all existing decision variables, both enabled and disabled, that can be adjusted by the algorithm to meet the optimization target under the
specified set of constraints.

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· Press Add to add a new variable. The Define Decision Variable window appears.
· Press Edit to change the highlighted variable. The Define Decision Variable window appears.
· Press Delete to delete the highlighted variable.
· Press Disable/Enable to disable or enable the highlighted variable.

Tip: You can define Optimization print options in the Print Options data window.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Steady State Results Access System > Results Access System

Results Access System

The Results Access System is a utility that provides you with access to all results data from any simulation run, whether performed using the Graphical User
Interface or from a keyword file.

To Prepare Data for the Results Access System

For most simulations, your run must have contained the command to create a database in order to use the Results Access System. This command is found in
the Print Options window (or on the PRINT Statement in the General Data Section, if you have used a keyword file).

Using the Results Access System

Select Run… from the File menu to open the Run Simulation and View Results window. There, push the Results Access System button to open the RAS Main
Window.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Steady State Results Access System > RAS Main Window

RAS Main Window

The Results Access System (RAS) allows you to setup and save queries for tables and plots for Network simulations. This provides great flexibility to compare
nodes, links and cases throughout the simulation.
Data available to RAS is similar to data available to Excel Reports. Both tools pull data from the Access Database that is generated from the simulation results.
The data availability is driven the Print Options window (or on the PRINT Statement in the General Data Section, if you have used a keyword file). When you
start to use the RAS system, a check is made to ensure that the Access Database is newer than the most recent simulation results. If the database is out of
date, you will be prompted to generate it.

Table Report
Click the Edit button to open the RAS Table Options window where you define the data that you want printed and the way you want it to be presented. Click the
Delete button to delete the selected table.

Plot Report
Click the Edit button to open the RAS Plot Options window where you define data that you want plotted and the way you want it to be presented. Click the
Delete button to delete the selected table.

Tip: Click the Delete button to delete existing plots and tables.

Plotter
You may select the tool to view your plots as either the SIMSCI Plotter Viewer or Excel.

Tip: You may view Phase Envelope and other Special Plots by right mouse clicking on a node or link and selecting the View Network Results or Special Analysis
options.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Steady State Results Access System > RAS Table Definition

RAS Table Definition

Use this window to define the data that you want printed and the way you want it to be presented.

Title
Enter the title that you want to be put on your tables

Notes
Enter notes that will be added to your table. This option is available only for the Excel plotter.
Case and Sort By
The types of tables to display are controlled by these selections. Use the Case option to select a single case or all cases. Use the Sort By option to select how
the tables grouped. Suppose you have opted to view the pressure and temperature for several links. The sort by Variable selection will produce tables for
temperatures and pressures for all devices in the links. The sort by Link selection will produce tables for each link with information for each variable. For links,
the basic sorting selections display the inlet and outlet points while adding the segmentation option displays all the data.
You can also generate tables for sources, sinks and junctions. Select the sort by Link option to group the nodes together.

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Data Definitions
The main list box contains one-line summaries of the data you have defined for your table. Use the Add/Edit/Cut/Paste to work with these definitions. Refer to
the RAS Table Definitions window for additional information.
View
Press this button to view the table in Excel.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Steady State Results Access System > RAS Table Definitions

RAS Table Definitions

Use this window to add one or more table definitions or to edit one table definition.
Data Type
RAS tables are available for node and link data. For a particular table definition, it is best to not combine node and link selections.
For node data, select the Node Name and Node Type for your data definition. You may select All Nodes or narrow your selection to a specific node type. If a
node type is selected, you may select All Items or a specific node.
For link data, select the Link Name, Device Type and Device Name for your data definition. You may select Link Results for all devices in the link you can select
a device type to narrow down the selection. If a device type is selected, you may select All Devices or specific devices.
Variable
Select which variable type you want to include. The variable availability is defined by the RASNODE class from the API. This class provides selections for useful
data from the NODES table in the Access Database.
Add Selection
In Add mode, press this button to add the current selection to the plot. In the Edit mode, press this button to register the changes you have made.
Done
Press this button to return to the RAS Table Definition window.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Steady State Results Access System > RAS Plot Definition

RAS Plot Definition

Use this window to define the data that you want plotted and the way you want it to be presented.

Title
Enter the title that you want to be put on your plots

Notes
Enter notes that will be added to your plot. This option is available only for the Excel plotter.
Case and X-Axis
The types of plots to generate are controlled by these selections. Use the Case option to select a single case or all cases. Plots allow a limited number of
curves and your data will be limited if there are too many cases. Use the X-axis option to define the x-axis. Options include Total Length, Horizontal Length,
Temperature, and Pressure. When appropriate, Time will also be an option.
Data Definitions
The main list box contains one-line summaries of the data you have defined for your plot. Use the Add/Edit/Cut/Paste to work with these definitions. Refer to
the RAS Plot Definitions window for additional information.
View
Press this button to view the plots.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Steady State Results Access System > RAS Plot Definitions

RAS Plot Definitions

Use this window to add one or more plot definitions or to edit one plot definition. The current x-variable is displayed at the top of the window, although this can
be changed in the parent window.
Data Type
RAS plots are available for link data. Select the Link Name, Device Type and Device Name for your data definition. You may select Link Results for all devices
in the link or narrow your selection to a specific device type. If a device type is selected, you may select All Devices or a specific device.
Variable
Select which variable type you want to include. The variable availability is defined by the RASLINK class from the API. This class provides selections for useful
data from the DEVICES table in the Access Database.
Add Selection
In Add mode, press this button to add the current selection to the plot. In Edit mode, press this button to register the changes you have made.

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Done
Press this button to return to the RAS Plot Definition window.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Transient Results Access System > Transient Results Access System (TRAS)

Transient Results Access System (TRAS)

The Transient Results Access System is started by pressing the "TRAS" button on the Run Simulation and View Results window. This button is only available for
Network or TACITE Transient simulations as defined in the Run Configuration Type.
TRAS allows you to quickly view plots for a link by browsing results from a tree view. It is most powerful when viewing link performance over time, where time
can be either long durations using Time Stepping Network simulations or short durations from TACITE Transient simulations.
Plots fall into three categories

Profile plots for data along the pipelines (i.e. pressure vs length)
Trend plots for data for different time / case (i.e. flow rate vs time)
Movies to display transient behavior (i.e. well decline over time)

There are also viewing and filtering options

Specific times or locations may be selected

Zoom in on time and locations for a finer view
Filter data points for a coarser view

This plotting tool can also be used for general Network simulations, including Case Study, although the features are limited.

Note: Multiple TRAS plots can be viewed to allow comparisons between links. When you rerun the simulation, you should close these windows to ensure you
are viewing the most recent simulation results.

Select the TRAS button after running a "TACITE Transient" simulation. The results for that simulation will be loaded into TRAS and you can begin viewing the
desired results. You may then exit TRAS and the PIPEPHASE simulation.
To go back to these results at a later time, start the PIPEPHASE GUI and re-enter the Run Simulation and View Results window, setting the run configuration
type to TACITE Transient. Then press the "Transient Results Access System" button as before and you will be back to the TRAS program showing your results
from the previous time you ran the simulation. You do not need to rerun the TACITE simulation.

Window Layout
The TRAS window is laid out in frames. You may change the size of the frames, hide and show frames and change the contents of frames.
At the top of the window is the TRAS Menu Bar. Immediately below that is the TRAS Toolbar. The Toolbar may be shown or hidden by clicking on Toolbar in the
View menu.
At the bottom of the window is the TRAS Status Bar. The Status Bar may be shown or hidden by clicking on Status Bar on the View menu.

The Default View

When you first open this window you see the Navigation Frame on the left and one Results frame in the center. Initially the Results frame displayed is the Chart
frame but you may also display a Table frame.

Toolboxes
There are three toolboxes used to control the display of results – they are called the Locations, Time, and Settings toolboxes. Initially all three are visible. They
can be toggled between hide and unhide by pressing one of three toggle buttons used for this purpose on the TRAS Toolbar or by using the Configure menu.
The Locations toolbox and the Time toolbox appear below the frames when the appropriate item is selected from the Configure menu. The Settings toolbox
appears to the right of the Chart and/or Table frame at startup.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Transient Results Access System > TRAS Menu Bar

TRAS Menu Bar

Use the menus on the Transient Results Access System window to manage, configure and view reports, tables and plots of TACITE results data.
· File Menu
· View Menu
· Configure Menu
· Animation Menu

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Transient Results Access System > TRAS Toolbar

TRAS Toolbar
Use the toolbar on the TACITE Results Access System window to manage, configure and view reports, tables and plots of TACITE results data.

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Click on this button to maximize the Chart Frame in the Results area of the window.

Click on this button to maximize the Table Frame in the Results area of the window.

Click on this button to show or hide the Locations Toolbox.

Click on this button to show or hide the Times Toolbox.

Click on this button to show or hide the Settings Toolbox.

Click on this button to begin an animation over time of the property selected.

Click on this button to stop a currently running animation.

Select the number of Updates Per Second you wish to use in your animation.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Examining Results > Transient Results Access System > TRAS view for Time Stepping and Case Study
Simulations

TRAS view for Time Stepping and Case Study Simulations

TRAS view for Time Stepping and Case Study Simulations setup for the Link Plots, Surface Plots and Well Plots. All profile plots will plot a variable vs the length
of the pipeline. Three views will be available:
· Link Plots including all devices
· Surface plots including the surface devices
· Well plots including the well devices with a reversed axis (MWD is the y-axis)
· Optimization simulations will display the optimized case
For time stepping simulations, the cases will be shown as Times (t = value). For case study simulations cases will be shown as an integer (case 1).
The well profile will show the ‘True Vertical Depth’ vs the ‘Measured Wireline Depth’Type topic text here.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Typical Applications > Steady State Applications

Steady State Applications

Both new design and the analysis of existing system applications are possible with PIPEPHASE. For new systems, PIPEPHASE can be used to size the various
pipes and tubing, to determine required pump/compressor power and heater cooler duty, and to predict pressure, temperature, liquid holdup, velocity, flowrate,
and flow pattern distributions throughout the system.

Field Production
· Gathering Systems
· Gaslift Analysis
· Enhanced Oil Recovery
· Re-routing and Mothballing

Transmission Pipelines
PIPEPHASE can simulate or predict the pressure and temperature profiles for an existing pipeline system that consists of various sizes of pipes, pumps,

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separators and other equipment. It accomplishes this using one or more of its industry standard pressure-drop correlations and its heat balance mechanism.
Once the pressure and temperature profiles are calculated, they can be compared with measured data. In this manner, you can isolate problem areas and can
investigate various remedies by further simulation
· Power and Duty Requirements
· Insulation Requirement
· Slug Catcher Sizing
· LNG, Carbon Dioxide and Other Fluids

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Typical Applications > TACITE Applications

TACITE Applications
The main goal in the oil and gas industry is to cut costs while increasing production. PIPEPHASE-TACITE can aid in this ideal by predicting the conditions under
which the operation should proceed to optimize efficiency through better safety and control.
Select an area of application for further details:
· Operational Assistance
· Optimization of Pipeline Network Design
· Anticipation of Emergency Actions Consequences
· Specification of Operating Control Systems
· Training of Operators
· Production Allocation

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Defining the Application > Simulation Definition

Simulation Definition
Open this window by selecting Simulation Definition from the General menu. Use this window to define the simulation type and fluid type.
The simulation type and fluid type must be defined for each new simulation. If your fluid is compositional, you may also define the phase of the fluid. When
creating a new simulation, this window will be opened automatically.

Simulation Type
The simulation type indicates which solution algorithm will be used to solve the simulation. The options are:

Network Model Select this option if the system you want to simulate is a single link or a gathering, distribution, or looped flowsheet system with one
or more junction.
Gas Lift Analysis Select this if you wish to perform individual well Gas Lift analyses. This option is for blackoil fluids only.
PVT Table Select this option if you want PIPEPHASE to generate a PVT data file for use in a subsequent run. Using PVT tables increases simulation
Generation speed by enabling PIPEPHASE to look up data from tables instead of performing flash calculations.

Fluid Type
The fluid type indicates the type of fluid you will be inputting into your simulation. There are two types of fluid supported in PIPEPHASE:

You must define the components in the fluid, as PIPEPHASE library components, petroleum components, a distillation curve, or user-
Compositional
defined components.
Non- Select Blackoil, Condensate (Gas), single phase Liquid, single phase Gas or Steam. The phase behavior and transport properties are
compositional predicted using empirical correlations.

Note: Blackoil (Compositional) implies selective compositional input for black oil analysis and reporting.

Phase Designation
If you believe that the phase of your compositional fluid will not change throughout the simulation, you may specify that phase (liquid or gas). PIPEPHASE will
bypass the flash calculations to increase the speed o f your simulation.

Note: You must be sure that the fluid remains in the phase which you specify for the entirety of the simulation, since any liquid dropout or vaporization which
may occur in reality will be missed, and results will then be erroneous.

Input Check Only

PIPEPHASE performs a thorough check on your input before performing any calculations. If errors are found, it will not carry out the simulation. Check this box
to stop PIPEPHASE before performing any calculations whether errors have been found or not.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Simulation Description

Simulation Description
This window is opened by selecting the Simulation Description option on the Input-> Input ribbon bar menu.

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All information in this data entry window is optional. However, it is recommended that you enter the information when a new simulation is created in order to
ensure that you, and others who may use the simulation, know what the simulation is about and who created it.

Project
The Simulation project name you wish to have printed on the header of each page in the output file.

Problem
The Simulation problem name you wish to have printed on the header of each page in the output file.

Date
The date field is formatted month/day/year, for example, 06/09/95 for 9th June 1995. PIPEPHASE will insert todaydate automatically.

User
The name or initials of the person responsible for the simulation should be entered - up to 12 characters.

Site
Enter the location (office, field site, geographical location, etc.) where the simulation is created - up to 12 characters.

Description
Enter up to 4 lines of description here. Use the TAB key to move from one line to the next, and the SHIFT -TAB key combination to move backwards.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Input Units of Measurement

Input Dimensions
Open this window by clicking Input Units of Measurement on the Input-> Input ribbon bar menu or by clicking the button on the ribbon bar.
The input dimensions represent the units of measurement that have to be used for the entire simulation. If you change the units you want to use, you can
convert the data to the new units of measurement and run the calculations.

System
The System entry represents global sets of units of measurement - Petroleum, English, Metric and SI. Changing the dimensional system will change all of the
individual units to the default for that system. The default system is Petroleum.

Individual Units
After choosing the dimensional System, the units for individual quantities may be changed to suit your requirements.

Temperature There are four temperature units to choose from. The default temperature units are F for Petroleum/English, C for Metric, and K for SI.
Pressure There are ten pressure units to choose from. The defaults are psig for Petroleum, psia for English, bar for Metric, and kPa for SI.
There are two molar flowrate units to choose from. Depending on the dimensional system, the moles will either be lb-moles or kg-moles.
Molar Rate
The defaults are lb-mol/hr for Petroleum/English and kg-mol/hr for Metric/SI. The molar rate is only available for compositional fluids.
There are eight weight flowrate units to choose from. The defaults are lb/hr for Petroleum/English and kg/hr for Metric/SI. The weight rate
Weight Rate
is only available for steam and compositional fluids.
Liquid Volume There are ten liquid volume flowrate units to choose from. The defaults are bbl/day for Petroleum, ft3/hr for English, and m3/hr for
Rate Metric/SI. The liquid volume rate is only available for liquid and compositional fluids.
There are six gas volume flowrate units to choose from. The defaults are MM ft3/day for Petroleum, MM ft3/hr for English, and MM
Gas Volume Rate
m3/hr for Metric/SI. The gas volume rate is only available for gas and compositional fluids.
The default rate basis is used to determine the initial flowrate basis used when a new compositional source is created. The default is molar.
Default Basis
For other fluid types, the basis cannot be changed.
There are six conductivity units to choose from. The default is Btu/hr-ft-F for Petroleum/English, kcal/hr-m-C for Metric, and W/m-C for
Conductivity
SI.
Fine length is used for short distances such as the pipe diameter or pipe roughness. There are three fine length units to choose from. The
Fine Length
default is in for Petroleum/English and mm for Metric/SI.
Coarse length is used for long distances such as elevation changes. There are four coarse length units to choose from. The default is ft for
Coarse Length
Petroleum/English and m for Metric/SI.
Pipe length is used for pipe lengths. There are four pipe length units to choose from. The default is ft for Petroleum/English and m for
Pipe Length
Metric/SI.
There are four water and oil density units to choose from, and three for gas density. For water, the default is SpGr for Petroleum/English
Densities – water,
and kg/m3 for Metric/SI. For oil, the default is API for Petroleum/English and kg/m3 for Metric/SI. For gas, the default is SpGr for
oil and gas
Petroleum/English and kg/m3 for Metric/SI.
Power There are two power units to choose from. The default is hp for Petroleum/English and kW for Metric/SI.
Duty There are four duty units to choose from. The default is MM Btu/hr for Petroleum/English, MM kcal/hr for Metric, and MM kW for SI.
There are seven viscosity units to choose from. The default is cP for Petroleum/English/Metric, and Pa-sec for SI. Kinematic viscosity units
Viscosity
are also available.
Ambient Velocity There are four velocity units to choose from. The default is miles/hr for Petroleum, ft/sec for English, km/hr for Metric, and m/sec for SI.
Heat Transfer Heat transfer coefficient are used to calculate the heat transfer calculations for pipe/tube/annulus. For each system only one unit is available which is by
Coefficients default shown based on selected unit system.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Output Units of Measurement

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Output Units of Measurement

This window is opened by selecting the Output Units of Measurement option on the Input-> Input ribbon bar menu.
The output dimensions window allows the user to instruct PIPEPHASE which units of measure to use for the text output report. When using the Results Access
System, this window may be used to instruct PIPEPHASE in which units of measure the plots and tables should be produced.

Use Output Units of Measurement

Check this box to use output units of measurement that differ from the input units of measure.

Individual Units
The available units and default units are as defined on the Input Units of Measurement window.

Output Control
By default, an additional report with the output dimensions is generated. If desired, the output dimensions can replace the input dimensions by selecting the
Replace Standard Output radio button.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Flow Line Data

Flow Line Data

Combine Links to Create a Link Group
Use this Window to define Link Groups. A Link group are group of links combined together to form unified profile. Separate Link group profiles (similar to Link
profile) are created in reports which shows the combined tables and plots of all the links in the Link group.

New Link Group

Enter the new Link Group name and Click Add to add to the defined Link Group list.

Defined Link Group

All the defined Link Groups are listed in the Combo box. Select the required defined Link Group. Click Delete to remove from the defined Link Group list.

Available Links
All the available Links in Simulation are listed here. Select the required Links and Click Add-> to add the selected links to defined Link Group.

Links in Link Group

All the selected links for the defined Link Group are listed here. To remove links from this list, select the links and Click <-Remove.
Note: Flow lines may only be created for sub-networks, when the MERGESUB print option is used.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Print Options

Print Options
This window is opened by selecting the Print Options option on the Input-> Input ribbon bar menu. Use this window to define the reports you would like in your
keyword output file. Reports selected here will also be available to the custom Excel Reports provided that you have selected the ability to generate the excel
database. In some cases, you will be able to generate additional reports from Excel. For example, the Node summary will always be available to Excel,
regardless of the Device Style Report. Reports that are computationally intensive, such as the Flow Regime Map, will only be available if they are selected prior
to executing the simulation.
Optional print options include: device detail, property data, plots, a flow regime map, and an iteration printout. The device detail option generates more detail
on each link device, while the property data option generates a list of physical properties for the fluid in each pipe segment. Link phase envelopes as well as
pressure/temperature plots versus distance can be generated by turning on the plot option. To create link plots, the device detail must also be on; this will be
done automatically when the plot option is set to full.
By default, Taitel-Dukler flow regime map will be created for each link. This flow regime map will show the transitions between the different multiphase flow
regimes, and the current conditions at the end of the link. Merge Subnetworks option can merge the subnetwork links/nodes in a simulation back to its original
links/nodes before generating the output report. For network calculations, the iteration printout will show a more detailed history of the iterations. This is often
useful when determining the cause of convergence failure.

Note: GUI does not have the same defaults as keyword files.

Excel Report Options

Ability to Generate Excel Database
Selecting the Full option from the drop-down list will generate the binary files needed to create the Results Database used for the Excel Reports or other 3rd
party applications such as Crystal Reports. These binary files are also used directly by the Results Access System (RAS), which allows you to generate reports
and plots.

Note: Use the Run Options from the Excel Reports window to generate the Results Database.

Setting the Ability to Generate Excel Database to None, will improve the performance of the simulation, but will not allow you generate the Results Database or
Excel Reports.

Note: A Printer must be installed on your desktop for the excel reports to work correctly.

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Device and Link Reporting Options

Device Detail
The device detail can be set to None, Summary, Part, or Full. The Summary option will generate a summary report for each link device. Setting the device
detail to Part will generate the pressure, temperature, liquid holdup, and fluid velocities for each device and pipe segment. Setting the device detail to Full will
generate all of the Part data plus a pressure gradient report. Setting the device detail to None will not generate any reports. By default, this option is set to Full.
Device Style
The device style can be set to Old, New, or Both. The option Both will generate both the Old style reports and the New style reports. The Old style reports
include the link, node, and device summaries. The New style reports include the structure data, velocity, results, and critical velocity summaries. By default,
this option is set to Both.
Link Slug Report
This report is activated only when Device Detail is set to Part or Full. The slug report is only available for single link simulations where there is two-phase flow at
the sink and the last device in the link is a pipe. Using this option by default invokes the Brill natural statistical slug model. This is not applicable for terrain-
induced slugging or pipe riser systems. Specifying Brill, Norris or Scott uses the corresponding statistical model to generate the report. By default, this option is
set to None.
Flow Regime Map
This option is activated only when Device Detail is set to Part or Full. Selecting this option will generate a Taitel-Dukler flow regime map, illustrating the flow
regime for the link gas and liquid flowrates. This will indicate what the flow conditions are at the end of each link in the flowsheet. By default, the flow regime
map is OFF.
Merge Subnetworks
Independent subnetworks are formed when specifying the upstream pressure or flow rate to a choke/regulator or inlet pressure to a Multi- Stage Compressor.
Pseudo nodes and links are created for the boundaries of these individual networks. You may select this option to merge these nodes and links back to its
original network before generating the output report. By default, the Merge Subnetworks is ON.
Node Summary
Node summary is reported at the selected operating conditions. The operating condition can be set as Standard, Actual or Both. By default, this option is set to
Standard condition.
Reduced Output with Link Groups
By default all the reports of Links selected in Link Groups are duplicated in both Link Reports and Link Group Reports. Select this option to not generate the
reports of Links selected in Link Groups in Link Reports. By default this option is OFF.

Other Print Options

Iteration Printout
If desired, PIPEPHASE will generate a detailed iteration history for network simulations. This is useful when determining the cause of convergence failure. By
default, the iteration printout is ON.
Connectivity Plot
If desired, PIPEPHASE will generate a crude map of the flowsheet. This feature is useful when only the keyword input file is available and you aren’t sure what
the flowsheet looks like. By default, the connectivity plot is OFF.
Plots
The plots option can be set to None, Part, or Full. The Full option will generate all plots and the *.GR files which contain selected plot information for the Results
Access System. The Part option will generate only the link pressure and temperature plots. The None option will not generate any plots. By default, this option
is set to Full.
Flash Report
The flash report can be set to None, Summary, Part, or Full. The Full option will generate the composition and phase properties for each node in the flowsheet.
If you don’t want this information, set the flash report to None. By default, this option is set to Full.
Optimization Simulation
Select the level of Optimization Simulation printout you wish: Part or Full. By default, this option is set to Part.
Intermediate Optimization or Extended Nodal Reports
Select the level of Intermediate Optimization or Extended Nodal Reports printout you wish: Part or Full. By default, this option is set to Part.
VFP Table Generation, Nodal Analysis Only
VFP Tables can be generated during a Nodal Analysis run or from the automated VFP Table generation defined in the Link Device Data Window. Tables can be
generated in Excel, Eclipse or User format. For nodal analysis simulations, VFP tables are generated only if a format selection is made. Incase of automated VFP
Table generation, the default is to generate Excel formatted tables. The Excel formatted files are readily imported into Excel and are easy to read. User
formatted files require the PIPEPHASE USER-ADDED Subroutine feature to be installed. By linking in your own code, you can generate VFP Tables in any format
you wish.
Input Reprint
The input reprint can be set to None, Part, or Full. All options will rewrite the keyword input file. The Full option will generate a complete list of the parameter
values used for each node and link device, both the data input and the default values used. Setting the input reprint to Part will only generate the node and link
information used to construct the flowsheet. Setting the input reprint to None will just rewrite the keyword input file. By default, this option is set to Full.
Property Data
The property data can be set to None, Part, or Full. The None option will not generate physical property data. Setting the property data to Part will generate the
physical property data at each link device and pipe segment. Setting the property data to Full will generate the physical property data as well as heat transfer
data at each link device and pipe segment. By default, this option is set to Full.
Valve Report
This report is activated only when RELIEF VALVE is present. It can be set to Brief or Full. By default, this option is set to Full.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Global Defaults

Global Defaults
Open this window by selecting Global Defaults… from the Input-> Input ribbon bar menu.
In this window you may set up default methods and values. These settings will be used throughout the simulation unless specifically over-ridden. In this way,
repetitive data entry can be avoided, particularly when entering device data.

Flow Correlations...
Press this button to open the Pressure Drop Flow Correlations window where you may set default methods for pressure drop flow correlations for pipes and

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other flow devices.

Palmer Corrections...
Press this button to open the Palmer Corrections Defaults window where you may set default values for Palmer uphill and downhill correction factors for pipes
and other flow devices.

Inside Diameters...
Press this button to open the Diameter Defaults window where you may set default values for actual or nominal diameters and schedules for pipes and other
flow devices.

Flow Device Inside Roughness

Select Absolute or Relative and enter a value for the roughness default for all flow devices - pipes, tubing and annuli.

Flow Efficiency
This parameter can be used to adjust pressure drops. The pressure drop across the flow device length is divided by the Flow Efficiency squared. This should be
used to match field data only when all other relevant flow variables (such as roughness, heat transfer coefficient, etc.) have been evaluated for effect on
pressure drop.

HW Coefficient
Enter the coefficient for the Hazen-Williams equation for single phase liquids. This parameter is available only when you have selected Hazen-Williams as a flow
code in the Pressure Drop Flow Correlations window.

Transitional Re
Enter the Reynolds number which is used internally to transition from the laminar to the turbulent flow regime.

Heat Transfer Defaults...

Press the Heat Transfer Defaults button to select the default method for calculating heat transfer for all flow devices in the simulation.

Heat Transfer Coefficients...

Press this button to open the Default Heat Transfer Coefficients window where you may enter default heat transfer coefficients for all pipes, tubing devices, and
annuli in the simulation.

Soil Heat Transfer ...

Press this button to open the Soil Heat Transfer Defaults window where you may enter data for thermal properties of soil as a medium surrounding pipes in the
simulation.

Water Heat Transfer...

Press this button to open the Water Heat Transfer Defaults window where you may enter data for thermal properties of water as a medium surrounding pipes in
the simulation.

Air Heat Transfer...

Press this button to open the Air Heat Transfer Defaults window where you may enter data for thermal properties of air as a medium surrounding pipes in the
simulation.

Pipe Heat Transfer...

Press this button to open the Pipe Heat Transfer Defaults window where you may enter data for the thermal properties of pipes and insulation in the simulation.

Velocity Checks...
Press this button to open the Velocity Checks window where you may enter data for the Line sizing for links.

Temperature Drop Methods:

Select the required temperature drop method from this drop-down list. It has the following four options. The option selected from this list is used as default
method for flow control devices such as chokes and regulators.
· Isothermal
By default, the temperature drop method for choke device is isothermal. In this method, the inlet temperature is used as the outlet temperature.
· Rigorous Energy Balance
Select this option to use the non-compositional energy balance for choke and regulator, and to model the temperature change in them. This energy balance
accounts for changes in energy that occur with the large pressure drop across the device. This includes changes in kinetic energy, heat of vaporization, and
Joule-Thomson expansion. The heat of vaporization is determined from a pseudo-component mixture, which is selected based on the molecular weight
derived from the gas phase density.
This option is not available
· For compositional or steam models, which always include rigorous energy balances.
· For the Perkins model, which already includes methods for the temperature drop across the choke.
· Specific Heat Ratio
The Specific heat ratio, CPCV (specific heat capacity at constant pressure to the specific heat capacity at constant volume) is used as exponent in the
adiabatic pressure drop equation to calculate the downstream temperature.
The specific heat ratio is not available for compositional or steam models, which always include rigorous energy balances.
· Bahadori & Vuthaluru
Bahadori & Vuthaluru model may only be used for Black-oil to get a quick approximate solution for the temperature drop of natural gas streams.
This model uses correlations devised as a function of initial (upstream) pressure of gas stream for different pressure drops. The calculated coefficients for
these polynomials are correlated as a function of pressure-drop. For more information, see Technical Reference in Keyword Manual.

Specific Heat Ratio

The Specific heat ratio, CPCV (specific heat capacity at constant pressure to the specific heat capacity at constant volume) is used as exponent in the adiabatic
pressure drop equation to calculate the downstream temperature.
The CPCV value will be used as a default for flow control devices such as chokes and regulators

JT Multiplier
If the energy balance method is selected, you may enter a scaling factor for the Joule-Thomson contribution. A value of 0 can be used to exclude this effect.

Include Corrosion Analysis

Select Include Corrosion Analysis check box to invoke the network corrosion analysis methods. These methods are developed by NACE, the International
Corrosion Society. They identify, based on simulation results, areas that are at risk to corrosion. Pipes with an angle of inclination greater than the critical angle
defined in these methods are identified as areas prone to corrosion risks.
The corrosion results can be viewed graphically by right-clicking the link and selecting the View Network Results option.

Note: NACE corrosion analysis is used only for surface piping. It is not valid for production or injection wells.

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The areas at risk to corrosion can be identified only for the following three conditions because the correlation for critical inclination angle is designed only for
these conditions.
· System is Gas dominated (may be applied with small liquid volume)
· Nominal pipe diameter is between 0.1 and 1.2 m (4 and 48 in)
· Pressures is less than 7.6 MPa (1,100 psi)

Include Corrosion Analysis option is not available for the liquid model because it is never in the range of correlation conditions.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Global Settings > Global Devices Database

Global Devices Database

This window is opened by clicking Global Device Database on the Tools-> Tools Ribbon bar -> User databases menu.
Set the database type as one of the following by selecting the required option from the Type drop-down list.
· Pipe Schedules
· Annulus
· Tubing
· Pipe
· Compressor
· MCompressor
· DPDT
· Pump
· ESP
· Reservoir Decline
The Pipe Schedule database provides information for pipe diameters that can be referenced by individual devices or devices created for the global database. A
default database is provided.
Other databases allow you to pre-configure common information for Annulus, Tubing, and Pipe to use it in the simulation. For example, the Tubing database
allows you to create global tubing and set its diameter, roughness, heat transfer data, and pressure drop methods. When you reference a global device from an
individual device, only specific device information such as the MWD (Measured Wireline Length) is required.
You can create New databases, or Edit or Delete existing databases. One database can be used across multiple simulations. Therefore, take special care while
deleting a database.
Only one database of each type is used in a given simulation, as displayed in the Default Database. To select another database, select the required database
name, and click the Set Default button. When changing the database, references that cannot be matched in the new database will be reset to the default.
Save the database so that it can be used by the current and other simulations. Once a database is saved, it is created or updated in the USER\DATABASE
directory. This is a separate step due to the importance of updating information that is used for all simulations on a computer.
You can back up the database from USER\DATABASE to USER\DATABASEBACKUP by clicking Backup and conversely, restore it from USER\DATABASEBACKUP
to USER\DATABASE by clicking Restore.
The diameters of pipes and tubing may be specified in actual units or as nominal sizes. When referring to nominal pipe sizes, the actual diameter must be
defined in the pipe database for the nominal size and schedule chosen. PIPEPHASE has a default pipe database (DIAMDATA) but you may define and select your
own database.

Database Name/Description
Each entry in the list represents a separate pipe database which you may use in your simulation.

New
Press the New button to open the Flow Device Database Definition window where you may define a new pipe database.

Edit
Select a Database Name/Description from the list and press the Edit button to open the Flow Device Database Definition window where you may modify the
existing pipe database. However, users should first rename the default database (DIAMDATA) before editing and saving the changes.

Excel Edit
Select a Database Name/Description from the list and press the Excel button to open the database in MS Excel where you can modify the existing pipe schedule
database. However, users should first rename the default database (DIAMDATA) before editing and saving the changes. Click on the Help option in Excel to
know more about the controls provided in the template.

Delete
Select a Database Name/Description from the list and press the Delete button to delete the selected pipe database.

Note: Users are not allowed to delete the default database DIAMDATA.

Set Default
Select a Database Name/Description from the list and press the Set Default button to make the selected pipe database the default for the current simulation.

Note: Global defaults are reset, if needed, when a pipe database is edited or a new one is selected as default.

Default Database
The name of the current default pipe database will appear in this field. The DIAMDATA pipe database is always available. This contains the API standard nominal
pipe sizes for schedules 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160. The DIAMDATA pipe database cannot be edited or deleted.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Fluid Property Data

Fluid Property Data

Use this window to create Fluid Property Sets which define or supplement the physical properties of a fluid. This window is opened by selecting PVT Data… from
the Input-> Input ribbon bar menu.
Several Fluid Property Sets can be defined to represent different fluids with different properties. The data requirements vary with the fluid type selected on the
Simulation Definition window. For gas and liquid, the data from the property sets are used to calculate all of the physical properties. At least one property set
must be defined.
Steam data is taken from the extensive ASME steam tables. You may enter a value for water gravity to represent the amount of dissolved salt in the water.
Normally, the physical properties of compositional fluids are calculated from the individual component properties and thermodynamic methods. However, you
may use property sets to over-ride the predicted fluid liquid viscosity.

To create a new Property Set

Press the New... button. This opens the PVT data window appropriate to the fluid type:
· Blackoil PVT Data
· Compositional PVT Data
· Gas Condensate PVT Data
· Single Phase Gas PVT Data
· Single Phase Liquid PVT Data
· Steam PVT Data

To edit an existing Property Set

Select the property set in the Property Sets list. Press the Edit... button. This opens the PVT data window appropriate to the fluid type.

To delete an existing Property Set

Select the property set in the Property Sets list. Press the Delete... button.

Default Correlations
For Blackoil, single phase gas and single phase liquids, you may select the correlations to be used for calculating various properties. Press this button to open
the correlations data window appropriate to the fluid type:
· Blackoil PVT Correlations Data
· Single Phase Gas PVT Correlations Data
· Single Phase Liquid PVT Correlations Data

Lift Gas Data

Push this button to open the Lift Gas Data window ,where you define the lift gas properties. Lift gas properties have to be defined for Blackoil simulations where
you have selected Gas Lift as the simulation type on the Simulation Definition window or you have placed a Gas Lift Valve in a link.

Max PVT Table size...

Push this button to open PVT Table Dimensions window.

Use PVT file

If you have created a DOS file for vapor/liquid equilibrium using compositional or Blackoil fluid simulations, check Use PVT File to turn on PVT File..button.
Clicking PVT File.. button will open a search window. This window lists *.PVT files in the default disk/directory. Look for a PVT data filename *.PVT, where * is
the specified file name or the name of the current simulation. If you generated the disk file using a separate PVTGEN simulation, you will have to copy the file
from DOS.

Edit Excel PVT File

This button will turn on if the highlighted set refers to Blackoil Type 2 PVT file (Excel Variable GOR). Click this button to read and edit the Blackoil Type 2 PVT
file in EXCEL format. If you have made any change, click Save in Excel CSV format. Close the Excel file to return to PIPEPHASE GUI. This option will be enabled
only if you are working with Blackoil or Compositional/Blackoil fluid type.

*.TAB File:
Select the Use PVT File checkbox to select the *.TAB file option from the dropdown list. Click PVT File button to open a search window that opens with the
default directories and *.tab files in it. Browse and select the Eclipse file (*.tab – where * is the filename and .tab is the file extension).

Edit File:
Edit File button will become available if the highlighted property set refers to the Eclipse file. Click Edit File to read and edit the Eclipse file in MS Excel format
(free format tables) or Text Editor (fixed format tables). If you have made any changes, click Update PVT File button in the MS Excel sheet. Close the MS Excel
file or the text file to return to PIPEPHASE GUI.

Note: *.TAB option in the Use PVT File checkbox will be available only if you are working with Compositional fluid type.

Edit Excel PVT File

Note: Table Type &endash; 1 refers to the PVT file, which supports Fixed GOR. Type - 2 refers to the PVT table applicable for varying GOR in the network. For
details on generating a PVT table, also see Creating a Blackoil PVT Table.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Water Options

Water Options
This window is used to select the water options for the K-value (VLE) method which has been selected in the Thermodynamic System Modification window. This
window is unavailable for systems in which a K-value (LLE) method has been selected.
Note: These options are only available for selected Generalized and Equation of State methods.
Usage

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From the Thermodynamic Methods, push the Water Options button.

The Decant Water as a Pure Phase box is checked for systems for which water decant is an option. Check this box to select the water decant option for the K-
value (VLE) method which is being modified. Uncheck this box to remove the water decant option.
Select an option from Calculation Method for Water Solubility drop box used to determine the water content in the non-aqueous (hydrocarbon) phase. A default
method initially is selected.
Select a Calculation Method for Water Properties for the decanted water by selecting the appropriate radio button. A default value initially is selected.
Select an option from Calculation Method for Water Partial Pressure drop box to determine the water content in sour and sweet gas mixtures.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Blackoil PVT Data

Blackoil PVT Data

Blackoil PVT Data
Use this window to enter or edit data for PVT calculations in a Blackoil simulation. This window is opened by pushing the New or Edit buttons on the Fluid
Property Data window, when Blackoil or Compositional/Blackoil has been selected as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.

Set Number
Up to 99 property sets may be defined for each simulation. The set number, which identifies each property set, will be automatically incremented for you.

Description
Specific name/description can be provided for each property set which defines the set details. The User provided name/description can be viewable in all
applicable windows along with PVT set number.

Use Thermodynamic Method

If you selected Compositional/Blackoil as the Fluid Type, you must define at least one PVT data set for use with the compositional fluid. Check the box to enable
the Use Thermodynamic Method button and push it to open the Thermodynamic Methods window, where you select thermodynamic methods for the
compositional fluid.

Gravities
The minimum data requirements for the Blackoil model are the gravities (or densities) for each of the three potential phases of the fluid - oil, gas and water. All
other data on this window are optional

Contaminants
Enter a mole percentage for any or all of the listed components (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide). Entry of data here will effect a change in the
compressibility factor for the gas phase according to built-in correlated curve relationships.

Two-point Viscosity Data

Select Hydrocarbon, Water, or Total Liquid phase to which the two point viscosity data should apply. Then enter one temperature and one viscosity to define a
constant viscosity or enter two points for regression onto a two-point viscosity curve.

More Data
To enter viscosity data for three or more points, click More Data…. This opens General Spread Sheet Data – Additional Temperature and Viscosity Data window.
Enter the multi-point viscosity curve.

Note: The viscosities are interpolated and extrapolated on a log-log scale for all other temperature conditions. If multiple sets of viscosity data are supplied,
then all the temperature points must be identical for each set.

Heating Values
You may enter the Gross Heating Value (GHV) or the Wobbe Index (WOBBE) of the PVT set. The Units of Measure (UOM) for these two items are the same but
will vary based on the UOM system chosen. The corresponding UOM used for each UOM system are specified below:

UOM System UOM

Petroleum and English Units of Measure BTU/ft3
Metric Units of Measure kcal/m3
SI Units of Measure Mega-J/m3
Adjust Standing Data
Press this button to open the Adjust Blackoil Standing Correlation window. If Standing correlations have been selected in the Blackoil PVT Correlations Data
window for the solution gas/oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, oil viscosity and compressibility, then you may enter field data. This will force an adjustment
to the Standing correlation to produce results, which best fit, these data. This ensures a good fit with at least your supplied, known field data.
Check the box to invoke the field data.

Tabular Data Entry

Press this button to open the Blackoil Tabular Data window. Field data may be entered directly here and will be used instead of or in addition to data from
predictive correlations.
Check the box to invoke the field data.

Generate PVT Table

Check the box to generate a PVT table for the Blackoil fluid. Press the button to open the Generate Blackoil PVT Table window, where you specify the conditions
at which the data is to be generated. Multiple PVT tables can be generated for Blackoil simulations.
A PVT table is generated as an ASCII file. Interpolating this table for the vapor/liquid equilibrium is generally much faster than performing the full flash
calculations. For blackoil tables, one of two table types can be chosen.

Note: Table Type - 1 refers to the PVT file, which supports fixed GOR. Table Type - 2 refers to the PVT table applicable for varying GOR in the network.

There are two ways to run a simulation with a PVT table:

· Specify a PVT Table Generation simulation in the Simulation Definition window to create an ASCII file.
· Generate the ASCII file while running the simulation.

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For more details on generating a PVT table, also see Creating a Blackoil PVT Table.

PVT Correlation
Click this button to view Blackoil PVT Correlations Data window. Here the user selects a specific correlation for this set.

Mixing Rules
Refer Fluid Mixing Rules for Blackoil Models in Chapter 6 of Keyword Manual.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Compositional Thermodynamic Methods

Compositional Thermodynamic Methods

Use this window to enter or edit data for thermodynamic calculations in a compositional simulation. This window is opened by pushing the New or Edit buttons
on the Fluid Property Data window when Compositional has been selected as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.
Compositional simulations require you to define components on the Component Data window.
Thermodynamic and transport property methods can be selected by the user either as an entire system of methods, or as methods for each individual property.
For thermodynamics, the methods used to calculate the K-value, enthalpy, liquid density, vapor density, water enthalpy, and interaction parameters can be
changed. For transport properties, the methods used to calculate viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, and oil/water mixing can be changed.
If the combination of methods will be used frequently, it may be saved for or retrieved from other simulations.

Set Number
This text box shows the number of the Property/Thermodynamic set. If you are creating a new set, it shows the next available set number.

Set Name
This text box show the name of the Property/Thermodynamic set. If you are creating a new set, PIPEPHASE shows the default name based on the new Set
number.

Use Thermodynamic Options from Text File

Because of constant updating of capabilities, some methods are initially available through keywords only. Check this box if you want to use the Thermodynamic
Data Section from a keyword file you have made earlier. Press the Browse button to open the Retrieve Thermodynamic File window.

Generate PVT Table

This check box and button open the Generate PVT Table window where you can create a PVT table according to specific conditions.
You can run a simulation with a PVT table in two ways:
Specify a PVT Table Generation simulation in the Simulation Definition window to create a DOS file.
Generate the DOS file while running the simulation.

Thermodynamic System
Select a thermodynamic system. This sets the default methods for calculating the individual thermodynamic properties.

Note: Each system has a set of defaults for the individual thermodynamic property methods. When the system is changed, the K-value, enthalpy, liquid
density, and vapor density methods will also be changed. When defining a new set of methods, the system should be chosen first.

Kij Bank
Select the bank from which you want to retrieve binary interaction parameters for the k-value calculations.

K-Value
Select a method for calculating the K-value, which determines the vapor/liquid equilibrium of each component.

Enthalpy
Select a method for calculating enthalpy of the fluid.

Liquid Density
Select a method for calculating liquid density.

Vapor Density
Select a method for calculating vapor density.

Transport Property System

Select a transport property system. This sets the default methods for calculating the individual transport properties. The Trapp method is only available for
selected components.

Note: Each system has a set of defaults for the individual transport property methods. When the system is changed, the viscosity, conductivity and surface
tension methods will also be changed. When defining a new set of methods, the system should be chosen first.

Viscosity
Select a method for calculating viscosity.

Conductivity
Select a method for calculating thermal conductivity.

Surface Tension
Select a method for calculating surface tension.

Oil/Water Mixing
Select a method for calculating the properties of an oil/water mixture. The default is to average the oil and water properties. For emulsions, the Woelflin method
may be used.

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Viscosity Mixing
If the Woelflin correlation is used to calculate the emulsion viscosity, user-supplied correlation parameters may be entered in the Adjust Oil./Water Mixing
window.

User Viscosity
Push this button to open the User Viscosity Data window where you may enter viscosity data that will override PIPEPHASE’s calculated values.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Gas Condensate PVT Data

Gas Condensate PVT Data

Use this window to enter or edit data for PVT calculations in a Gas Condensate simulation. This window is opened by pushing the New or Edit buttons on the
Fluid Property Data window when Condensate (Gas) has been selected as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.

Set Number
Up to 99 property sets may be defined for each simulation. The set number which identifies each property set will be automatically incremented for you.

Gravities
The minimum data requirements for the Gas Condensate model are the gravities (or densities) for each of the three potential phases of the fluid - oil, gas and
water. All other data on this window are optional

UOM System UOM

Petroleum and English Units of Measure BTU/ft3
Metric Units of Measure kcal/m3
SI Units of Measure Mega-J/m3

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Single-Phase Liquid PVT Data

Single-Phase Liquid PVT Data

Use this window to enter or edit data for PVT calculations in a single phase liquid simulation. This window is opened by pushing the New or Edit buttons on the
Fluid Property Data window when Liquid has been selected as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.

Set Number
Up to 99 property sets may be defined for each simulation. The set number which identifies each property set will be automatically incremented for you.

Liquid Gravity
The gravity or density of the liquid is required. All of the physical properties will be calculated from the density using correlations.

Heat Capacity
The heat capacity of the liquid may be specified. The heat capacity will be important when calculating heat transfer effects.

Viscosity Data
The viscosity can be set as a single value, or can be fitted to a temperature-dependent equation.
Either: select Fixed Viscosity and enter a value
Or: select Two-point Viscosity and enter two temperatures and their corresponding viscosity values.
To enter viscosity data for three or more points, click More Data…. This opens General Spread Sheet Data – Additional Temperature and Viscosity Data window.
Enter the multi-point viscosity curve.

Note: If two/multi-point viscosity data is supplied for more than one property set, the temperature values must be the same. This is required to calculate the
proper mixture viscosity when the two fluids merge, for example at a junction.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Single-Phase Gas PVT Data

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Single-Phase Gas PVT Data

Use this window to enter or edit data for PVT calculations in a single phase gas simulation. This window is opened by pushing the New or Edit buttons on the
Fluid Property Data window when Gas has been selected as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.

Set Number
Up to 99 property sets may be defined for each simulation. The set number which identifies each property set will be automatically incremented for you.

Gas Gravity
The gravity, or density, of the gas is required. All of the physical properties will be calculated from the density using correlations.

Specific Heat Ratio

The specific heat ratio of the liquid may be specified. This ratio will be important when calculating heat transfer effects.

Heating Values
You may enter the Gross Heating Value (GHV) or the Wobbe Index (WOBBE) of the PVT set. The units of measure (UOM) for these two items are the same but
will vary based on the UOM system chosen. Find below the corresponding UOM used for each UOM system specified:
UOM System UOM
Petroleum and English Units of Measure BTU/ft3
Metric Units of Measure kcal/m3
SI Units of Measure Mega-J/m3

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Steam PVT Data

Steam PVT Data

Use this window to enter or edit data for PVT calculations in a steam simulation. This window is opened by pushing the New or Edit buttons on the Fluid
Property Data window when Steam has been selected as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.

Set Number
Up to 99 property sets may be defined for each simulation. The set number which identifies each property set will be automatically incremented for you.

Water Gravity
The gravity, or density, of the water represents the amount of dissolved salt present in the water and becomes important if large elevation changes are present.

Steam Properties
Enthalpy may be calculated from Superheated or Saturated steam tables. Superheated tables, although computationally slower, are inclusive of saturated
steam tables. The Saturated method is faster than the comprehensive Superheated method, but is not applicable to superheated steam.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Fluid Property > Mixed Compositional/Non-Compositional PVT Data

Mixed Compositional/Non-Compositional PVT Data

You may mix blackoil fluids with compositional fluids. PIPEPHASE treats the combined fluid model as a blackoil model; flash calculations are used to define the
appropriate blackoil properties for the compositional sources.

Data Input
Select Compositional/Blackoil as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window.
Add components to the simulation in the Component Data window.
Create a Property Set for the Blackoil fluid and, on the Blackoil PVT Data window, enter the blackoil data.
Create a Property Set for the Compositional fluid and, on the Blackoil PVT Data window, push the Use Thermodynamic Method button to open the
Thermodynamic methods window where you select thermodynamic methods for the compositional fluid.
Create a Blackoil source on the Main PFD window and enter its data on the Blackoil Source window. Select the PVT Property set you created for the blackoil
(above).
Create another source and, on the Blackoil Source window for that source, push the Use Compositional Source button and enter data on the Compositional
Source window. Select the PVT Property set you created for the compositional fluid (above).
Build up your network and continue as normal.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Overview

Overview
A source is a point at which fluid enters the piping system.

Types of Sources
· Compositional
· Non-Compositional
· Black Oil
· Gas Condensate
· Gas
· Liquid
· Steam
Fluids with different properties may enter at different sources but they must all be of the same type, EXCEPT that you may mix a compositional source with a
Blackoil source. See Mixed Compositional/Non-Compositional PVT Data.
You define a source by supplying parameters such as composition, temperature, pressure, and flowrate. You can have more than one source in a network.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Blackoil Source

Blackoil Source
Use this window to enter data for a source node when the Fluid Type has been defined as Blackoil or Compositional/Blackoil on the Simulation Definition
window. Open this window either by double clicking on a source on the Main PFD or by selecting a source with a single click then selecting Edit Unit from the
Tools ribbon bar.
Each source node must be connected by a link to a junction or to a sink. Besides the source name, the enthalpy, pressure, flowrate, gas/oil ratio and water cut
are required. If desired, the source can be disabled, removing it from the calculations.

Source Name
The Source Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. For a network, the first source name defaults to "S001" and the source number is
automatically incremented as new sources are created.

Use Compositional Source

If you selected Compositional/Blackoil as the Fluid Type on the Simulation Definition window, you must define at least one source as compositional. Check the
box to enable the Use Compositional Source button and push it to open the Compositional Source window where you enter data for the compositional source.

Pressure
The source pressure must be either fixed (default) or estimated. If estimated, the pressure value will be used as an initial guess and PIPEPHASE will calculate
the correct source pressure. The choice of fixed or estimated may be limited by the boundary conditions of the simulation. Tip!

Flowrate
The source flowrate must be either fixed or estimated (default). If estimated, the flowrate value will be used as an initial guess and PIPEPHASE will calculate the
correct source flowrate. The choice of fixed or estimated may be limited by the boundary conditions of the simulation. The flowrate units are in Liquid Volume
units.

Enthalpy
A temperature value is required for a blackoil source in order for PIPEPHASE to compute enthalpy changes between nodes during calculations

PVT Property Set

Blackoil fluid sources must have a PVT Property Set defined unless another source is referenced. Select the property set which is appropriate for this source
fluid. By default, a new source refers to PVT Property Set #1, which is the first property set defined.

Use Reference Source

Select the check box and press the button to open the Use Source Data window where you may define that flowrate, temperature and/or pressure will be
copied from another source.

Gas/Oil Ratio
Enter the Gas/Oil Ratio (GOR) for the blackoil at this source If not entered, it will be set to zero.

Water Cut
Enter the Water Cut for the blackoil at this source If not entered, it will be set to zero.

Well Test Data

You may press the button to open the Blackoil Well Test Data window where you enter field well test data in order to determine an IPR.

Source Priority
This integer field enables you to specify the priority of the source to be shut in under the various well control options. For example if there are two sources, and
the priority of one is 1 and the priority of the other is 2, then PIPEPHASE will first preferentially shut the source with a priority of 1.

Disable Source
Instead of deleting the source node and losing its data, the source can be removed from the calculations by checking the Disable Source box. The link from the
source node must also be disabled.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Compositional Source

Compositional Source
Use this window to enter data for a compositional source node when the Fluid Type has been defined as Compositional or Compositional on the Simulation
Definition window.
Open this window either by double clicking on a source on the Main PFD or by selecting a source with a single click then selecting Edit Unit from the Tools
ribbon bar.
Each source node must be connected by a link to a junction or to a sink, unless it is a lateral source. Lateral sources use an injection device to introduce the
fluid into a link. Besides the source name, the enthalpy, pressure, flowrate and composition are required. The pressure and flowrate are the boundary
conditions for the simulation and may be either fixed or estimated. Any parameter that is estimated will be solved for by PIPEPHASE. If desired, the source can
be disabled, removing it from the calculations.

PVT Property Set

This refers to the two-point viscosity PVT data which may be input and made available to any compositional fluid source. Select the set, if any, which is
appropriate for this source fluid.

Flow Basis
Select the basis for the Fixed or Estimated flowrate from molar, weight, gas volume and liquid volume in the defined dimensional unit set. Rates set on a Gas
Volume basis are at ideal conditions and do not include the non-idealities that can be seen using a more accurate PVT model. This can lead to slight differences
between users input value and the simulation results.

Flow Rate
Either a Fixed or an Estimated value for flow rate must be entered here in the appropriate units. If estimated, the flowrate value will be used as an initial guess
and PIPEPHASE will calculate the correct source flowrate. The choice of fixed or estimated is limited by the boundary conditions of the simulation.

Temperature/Quality
The temperature is required for a multi-component source in order for PIPEPHASE to perform a flash calculation to ascertain fluid conditions at the source. For a
source with only a single component, you may define the two phase enthalpy by the Quality or single phase enthalpy by the Temperature. Liquid is defined by
Quality=0 and vapor by Quality=100 (default). Quality is entered as vapor mass percentage.

Composition
After you have entered a component list in the Component Data window, you may visit the Source Composition data window to enter actual composition data
for this source. Before doing this you need to select the basis in which you will be entering your data by using the two drop down list boxes below the
"Composition Basis" label. Note that if you choose a percent basis and the sum of the components do not add up to 1 or 100 then a message indicating the data
will be normalized during calculations will be displayed. After the initial message is displayed you will see the letter "N" appear next to the "Define
Composition…" button indicating normalization is required.

Distillation Data
Use the Source Distillation Data window to input data for a source fluid which can be described by distillation curve data rather than on a component-by-
component basis.
Use Composition From
Select this option and press the button to open the Use Source Composition From data window where you may define that composition along with flowrate,
temperature and/or pressure will be copied from another source.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Condensate Source

Condensate Source
Use this window to enter data for a condensate source node when the Fluid Type has been defined as Condensate (Gas) on the Simulation Definition window.
Open this window either by double clicking on a source on the Main PFD or by selecting a source with a single click then selecting Edit Unit from the Edit menu.
Each source node must be connected by a link to a junction or to a sink. Besides the source name, the enthalpy, pressure, flowrate, condensate/gas ratio and
water/gas ratio are required. If desired, the source can be disabled, removing it from the calculations.

Enthalpy

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A temperature value is required for a condensate source in order for PIPEPHASE to compute enthalpy changes between nodes during calculations

PVT Property Set

Condensate fluid sources must have a PVT Property Set defined unless another source is referenced. Select the property set which is appropriate for this source
fluid. By default, a new source refers to PVT Property Set #1, which is the first property set defined.

Use Reference Source

Select the check box and press the button to open the Use Source Data window where you may define that flowrate, temperature and/or pressure will be
copied from another source.

Condensate/Gas Ratio
Enter the Condensate/Gas Ratio (CGR) for the condensate at this source If not entered, it will be set to zero.

Water/Gas Ratio
Enter the Water/Gas Ratio (WGR) for the condensate at this source If not entered, it will be set to zero.

Well Test Data

You may press the button to open the Condensate Well Test Data window where you enter field well test data in order to determine an IPR.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Condensate Well Test Data

Condensate Well Test Data

Data specified here are used to determine an Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) using the gas flow equation from field test data. As there are two
unknowns, two sets of data must be entered. All data on this window are required.

Surface Device Name

This identifies the flow device where the test data were measured. Note that the data are measured at the outlet of this device.

Reservoir Pressure
Enter the reservoir pressure at the time the data were actually taken.

Surface Temperature
Enter the measured temperature at the outlet of the test device for each test.

Surface Pressure
Enter the measured pressure at the outlet of the test device for each test.

Surface Flow Rate

Enter the measured flow rate in standard gas volume units for each test.

Condensate/Gas Ratio
Enter the condensate/gas ratio measured at the well testing conditions for each test.

Water/Gas Ratio
Enter the water/gas ratio measured at the well testing conditions for each test. Enter zero if no water is present.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Non-Compositional Source

Non-Compositional Source
Use this window to enter data for a compositional source node when the Fluid Type has been defined as Gas, Liquid or Steam on the Simulation Definition
window.
Open this window either by double clicking on a source on the Main PFD or by selecting a source with a single click then selecting Edit Unit from the Tools
ribbon bar.
Each source node must be connected by a link to a junction or to a sink. Besides the source name, the enthalpy, pressure, flowrate and PVT property set are
required. If desired, the source can be disabled, removing it from the calculations.

Source Name
The Source Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. The first source name defaults to "S001" and the source number is automatically incremented
as new sources are created.

Enthalpy
For Gas and Liquid fluids, the fluid Enthalpy is set by the Temperature. For Steam fluids, you may set two phase enthalpy by the Quality or single phase
enthalpy by the Temperature. Water is defined by Quality=0 and steam by Quality=100 (default). Quality is entered as vapor mass percentage.

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PVT Property Set

Gas and Liquid fluid sources must have a PVT Property Set defined. It is optional for a Steam source. Select the property set, if any, which is appropriate for
this source fluid. By default, a new source refers to PVT Property Set #1, which is the first property set defined.

Use Reference Source

Select the check box and press the button to open the Use Source Data window where you may define that flowrate, temperature and/or pressure will be
copied from another source.

Well Test Data

For Gas or Liquid fluid types, you may press the button to open the Single Phase Gas Well Test Data window or the Single Phase Liquid Well Test Data window
where you enter field well test data in order to determine an IPR.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sources > Transient Source

Transient Source
TACITE requires you to model fluids on a compositional or Blackoil basis.

Important considerations for TACITE compositional runs

A detailed composition must be available and accurate thermodynamic calculations are required. Vapor fraction is a major factor to consider.
Clustering and Lumping
Clustering or Lumping must be run prior to transient simulation. TACITE performance is optimal for four-seven components, in which case, either method can
be used to create a reduced component slate:
· Clustering may be used if you want to simulate a wide range of conditions
· Lumping should be used if you require greater accuracy over a specified T-P range
Before you start
Run the lumping module to convert the N components composition into M pseudocomponents (N >= M). Check that the characterization of the M
pseudocomponents is correct by comparison with the N components data set. Compare the results for vapor fraction and liquid density. This lumping run will
build the PVT file required for TACITE run.
See also: Source Data

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Sinks > Sink

Sink
Use this window to enter data for a sink. Open this window either by double clicking on a sink on the Main PFD or by selecting a sink with a single click then
selecting Edit Unit from the Edit menu.
Sinks are used to remove fluid from the flowsheet. Each sink node must be connected by a link from a junction or from a source Besides the sink name, the
pressure and flowrate boundary conditions are required. If desired, the sink can be disabled, removing it from the calculations.

Sink Name
The Sink Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first sink is named "D001" and the sink number is automatically incremented as
new sinks are created.

Pressure
The sink pressure must be either fixed (default) or estimated. If estimated, the pressure value will be used as an initial guess and PIPEPHASE will calculate the
correct sink pressure. The choice of fixed or estimated may be limited by the boundary conditions of the simulation. Tip!

Flowrate
The sink flowrate must be either fixed or estimated (default). If estimated, the flowrate value will be used as an initial guess and PIPEPHASE will calculate the
correct sink flowrate. The choice of fixed or estimated may be limited by the boundary conditions of the simulation. For single-link simulations, the flowrate is
not available on the sink; if the flowrate is known, it must be entered on the source The flowrate units are in Gas Volume units for Gas fluids, Liquid Volume
units for Liquid fluids and Weight units for Steam or Compositional fluids.

Temperature
The sink temperature is generally calculated and is not available for data entry. However, the sink temperature is required for Gas Lift Simulations Option 4 -
locate gas lift valve to match desired casing head.

Injection Well
Check the box if the sink is in an injection well.

PVT Property Set

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For a compositional simulation, select the PVT set to be used to calculate properties at this sink.

Disable Sink
Instead of deleting the sink node, the sink can be removed from the calculations by checking the box. The link to the sink node must also be disabled.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Junctions > Junction

Junction
Use this window to enter data for a junction. Open this window either by double clicking on a junction on the Main PFD or by selecting a junction with a single
click then selecting Edit Unit from the Tools ribbon bar.
Junctions are used to connect two or more links together into a network. Each junction node must have from one to six incoming links and from one to six
outgoing links. There should be a minimum of three links for each junction. If there is just one link going in and one link coming out, then the junction is not
necessary and the link devices may be put on the same link.
Besides the junction name, the junction pressure can be estimated. If desired, the junction can be disabled, removing it from the calculations.

Junction Name
The Junction Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first junction is named "J001" and the junction number is automatically
incremented as new junctions are created.

Pressure Estimate
If a pressure estimate is not given for the junction, PIPEPHASE will calculate an estimated pressure. This pressure estimate is then used to determine the
flowrate estimates based on the estimated pressure drop for each link.

Ambient Temperature for Subsurface Junctions

Enter the temperature of the rock formation at this junction. This is only used when the junction is subsurface.

PVT Property Set

Blackoil fluid junctions may have a PVT Property Set defined. Select the property set that is appropriate for this fluid. When a property set is selected, the
Blackoil PVT correlations defined for that set will be used in this junction. Other parameters like gravities, heating values, etc. will still be used from the
upstream nodes. By default, mixing logic will be applied based on the fluid properties from the upstream nodes.

Disable Junction
Instead of deleting the junction, it can be removed from the calculations by checking the box.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Junctions > Steam Junction

Steam Junction
Use this window to enter data for a steam junction. Open this window either by double clicking on a steam junction on the Main PFD or by selecting a steam
junction with a single click then selecting Edit Unit from the Tools ribbon bar.
Steam junctions are used to connect two or more streams together into a steam network.
Each junction node must have from one to six incoming links and from one to six outgoing links. There should be a minimum of three links for each junction. If
there is just one link going in and one link coming out, then the junction is not necessary and the link devices may be put on the same link.
Steam junctions allow special calculations for flow through a tee intersection by specifying the tee type, the branch angle and the phase split model. Because of
momentum effects, the steam phases often split disproportionately at a tee intersection, with the liquid phase traveling straight and the vapor phase taking a
90 degree turn. Besides the steam junction name, the junction pressure can be estimated. If desired, the junction can be disabled, removing it from the
calculations.

Tee Phase Splitting Models

Tee junctions have one entering and two exiting links. Because of momentum effects, the vapor phase may split disproportionately at these intersections. For
example, in a straight through tee, a large proportion of the liquid phase will travel in the forward direction while a large proportion of the vapor phase will take
a 90 degree turn.
Several models are available to predict this uneven distribution based on the tee type, the tee configuration, the branch angle, and the phase split model. The
proportional model should be used for tees with equal phase distributions. The proportional split is also used for junctions that do not have tee configurations.
This includes junctions with more than two exit links or junctions with exit links that do not start with a flow device.

Tee Type
The tee may either be a straight-through tee or a dead-end tee. For a dead-end tee, the flow splits to the right and left. For a straight-through tee, the flow
splits ahead and to the side. The default is a straight-through tee. Note that the smallest diameter pipe leaving the junction is treated as the branch link.

Branch Angle
The branch angle determines the vertical angle at which the tee branches off. A branch angle of 90 degrees refers to a vertical upward branch. A branch angle
of -90 degrees gives a vertical downward branch. A branch angle of 0 gives a horizontal branch.

Phase Split Model

Select the required phase split method from the drop-down list box. User Defined Splitting data must be supplied if the User Defined option is selected.

Links

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If you have selected any phase split model, you can select the required branch and through links from the respective drop-down list boxes.

Add tees to links for pressure drop calculations

If you have selected any phase split model, you can select Add tees to links for pressure drop calculations check box to add tees to both through and branch
links automatically. If you want to remove the tees, you can just clear the check box.

Tee Data
Select Add tees to links for pressure drop calculations check box and enter the required data for the Diameter and Resistance Coefficient for the tees in branch
and through links.

Disable Junction
Instead of deleting the junction, it can be removed from the calculations by checking the box.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Manifolds > Manifold Unit

Manifold Unit
The Manifold Unit enables users to quickly and efficiently create stable network models with multiple manifolds. This greatly simplifies the creation of stable
PIPEPHASE models for real-time applications. These applications can modify the Manifold Units’ configuration to route incoming streams to the desired output
streams. It is also useful for offline applications.
Modifying networks that route streams to various locations can be cumbersome when using standard junctions. All possible routes need to be represented via
junctions and very small links, and then they must be activated or deactivated to gain the desired configuration. Switching between configurations is labor-
intensive when numerous incoming streams are mapped to numerous outgoing streams.
The Manifold Unit solves this problem by providing a single unit operation, in the form of a vertical rectangle, which acts much like a junction on the PFD. All
incoming and outgoing streams, which you desire to be involved in the remapping of the network, are attached to the Manifold or Manifolds.
To configure the Manifold Unit, open the Manifold dialog box by double-clicking on it; make sure you are NOT in the “View Output/View PFD Output” mode.
Manifold Name is required and is restricted to four characters instead of the normal node and link name limit of 12 characters. This is because of the naming
convention used for the internal manifold junctions and links.
Valve Diameters is used for all the internal valves used in the manifold links. This is optional. If not provided, the diameter will default to the pipe diameter
given on the Global Default window.
K Multiplier – Enter a value for the K Multiplier used for all the internal valves in the manifold links. The default value is 8.
Print Detailed Reports for Manifold Links - Check this box to Print Detailed Reports for Manifold Links. For all manifold links to be included in the calculations,
you must select the Detailed Manifold option from the Network Calculation Methods window.

Manifold Connections
Press this button to access the grid that allows you to define the connections between links coming in and going out of the manifold.

Optional Pressure Estimates

Press this button to access the grid that allows you to define pressure estimates for each of the internally generated junctions.

Optional Valve Names

This button is used to access the grid that allows you to enter names for the manifold valves. Names are not required and default names will be generated at
run time.
Disable Manifold – This box is checked if the all of the manifold links are disabled. Since the link status is defined in the Manifold Connections grid, you should
not attempt to change the status of the status box as the GUI will determine the manifold status.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Manifolds > Manifold Connections

Manifold Connections
This dialog box is used to define the connectivity within the manifold unit using zero’s, one’s, or two’s in the grid. Each grid location represents a possible
connection between an incoming and outgoing stream. The grid values indicate the following:

0 No possible connection
Possible connection, not currently
1
active
2 Active connection
For online applications, value “1” indicates connections that may be activated at run-time. For offline applications, values “0” and “1” act the same and indicate
that the connection is not active. Setting to a value of “2” indicates that the connection is active.
If there are no “2”s specified in the grid, the manifold unit appears with the disabled color automatically. Users usually specify via a check box whether to
disable or enable a unit, but for the manifold unit, this can be keyed off the mapping provided by the user.

Rules: Users should provide one active connection for each incoming stream. Multiple active connections are permitted. If there are no active connections, the
incoming link must be disabled either manually or using the Network Utilities.

The first column shows the link names coming into the manifold unit. The first row shows the link names leaving the manifold unit. This cannot be edited by the
user.
The second column and row shows the slot IDs (basically slot names) used to identify the slot location where an incoming stream is attached to the manifold.
Users may change the default names provided with any name up to three characters. These slot names must be unique WITHIN a given manifold unit – but
may be duplicates of names in other manifold units. Unique name checks are provided for the user and they can’t leave the grid until they fix the highlighted
conflicts.
Move up, Move down, Move Left, and Move Right buttons are used to order the Link/Slot IDs to the user’s liking. The cell that is highlighted will define which
row or column shifts up, down, left, or right.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Manifolds > Manifold Junction Pressure Estimates

Manifold Junction Pressure Estimates

This dialog box is used to define internal junction pressure estimates. The first row and column has static text indicating the links entering (on left) and leaving
(along the top) the manifold unit. The second column and row indicates the slot IDs and are editable just like in the Manifold Connections dialog box.
Grid Values represent pressure estimates to use at the internally generated junctions between the incoming and the outgoing link. As there are actually two
junctions used for each connection defined, the pressure estimate is used for both junctions used in the connection.

Rules: Naming conventions are utilized to make reporting easier and reduce the side effects caused by PFD editing. As mentioned before, the manifold unit is
restricted to four characters or less. The slot names are restricted to three characters or less. This allows the generation of internal junction and internal link
names automatically while staying within the 12 character limit. For instance, a manifold named M001, which has an incoming link, named LINK01 (attached to
slot IN1) and an outgoing link named LINK02 (attached to slot OT1) would generate the following internal manifold keywords:

· JUNCTION NAME=M001-IN1 (8 character name)

· JUNCTION NAME=M001-OT1 (8 character name)
· LINK NAME=M001-IN1-OT1 (12 character name – the PP limit on node/link names)
This will make it easy to interpret the output report, such as which nodes and links are associated with which manifold units.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Manifolds > Manifold Valve Names

Manifold Valve Names

This dialog box is used to define internal valve names. The first row and column has static text indicating the links entering (on left) and leaving (along the top)
the manifold unit. The second column and row indicates the slot IDs and are editable just like in the Manifold Connections dialog box.
Grid Values represent valve names to use within the internally generated links, which connect the internally generated junctions. By default, the names will
not be written to the keyword file. Instead, the CALC engine will generate names automatically for the unnamed valves. If users wish to control internally
generated valves, they will need to know the valve name in order to reference it. In addition, the internally generated link name must be used for a complete
reference to a valve. Therefore, as a naming convention, if a valve name is provided, the internally generated link name will be the same except that the first
letter will be changed to &rsquor;Q’. For example, if the valve name is “V1”, the link containing this valve will be named “Q1”. Unique name checking will be
provided to ensure duplicate names do not occur.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Image Unit > Image Unit

Image Unit
Image Unit feature enables you to add a background image to the Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and modify it, if necessary.

To add a background image

1. On the ribbon, click the Add Image to Flowsheet icon .

2. Move the cursor to the place in PFD where you want to add the image and click there.
A browsing window appears.
3. Select the required image in the browsing window and click OK.

To modify the image

1. Click anywhere on the image.
Insert Image dialog box appears.
2. In the Insert Image dialog box, enter the required name, height, and width in the respective fields and click OK.

Note: If you wish to change the image itself, click Change Image and select the new image.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Link > Link Data

Link Data
Use this window to enter data for a link. To open this window, push the Link button on the Link Device Data window.
Links are used to join sources, sinks, Manifolds and junctions.

Link Name
The Link Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first link is named "L001" and the link number is automatically incremented as
new links are created. The link name can affect the calculation sequence.

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Flowrate
For network simulations, PIPEPHASE will generate a flowrate estimate for each link. To provide a better initial guess, you may enter values for the estimated
flowrate. You may also supply values for the minimum and maximum flowrates allowed through the link.
If a minimum flowrate is entered, the link will be shut-in if the flow goes below this value.
If a maximum flowrate is entered, the maximum flow constraint will be activated only if the following four conditions are all met:
1. The flowrate is not fixed in the link.
2. The link is a source link with the source pressure fixed and the flowrate is unknown.
3. There is at least one surface regulator with the pressure set to a value higher than the system pressure (e.g., 99999 psia)
4. The regulator is not the last device in the link.

Note: If the flow exceeds the maximum beyond the upper tolerance, PIPEPHASE calculates the regulator pressure that needs to be set in order to meet the
maximum flow constraint specified.

Two other conditions are important to the flow logic and network convergence:
2b) The link is not a source link and the link flowrate is not fixed explicitly (e.g., a sink link with the sink rate fixed will fix the link flowrate) or implied (e.g.,
spur links have fixed flowrates).
3b) The link has at least one choke or valve in the link. In this ase PIPEPHASE will keep the flow between the upper and
lower tolerance values.

Note: PIPEPHASE varies the choke or valve size as part of the network iterations to keep the flow below the maximum within tolerance.

If 1 and 3b are not both true, then the maximum flow logic will be inactivated.
If 1 and 3b are true and 2b is not true, the network will fail to converge.
In many cases, a rate estimate must be supplied for all links.

Note: For compositional calculations, the rate estimate must be given in weight flowrate units.

Dual Link Name

If you are modeling a dual completion, check the box to on and enter the name of the other link. See the Dual Completions for more information.

Print Detailed Report

This check box controls whether detailed device information and link pressure and temperature plots are written to the output file for this link. By default,
PIPEPHASE will print the detailed report for all links. However, if this box is checked for any link, then the detailed report will be printed only for selected links.

Drag Reduction Agent (DRA)

The Drag Reduction Agent (DRA) consists of two attributes namely, DRA Name and Initial DRA Concentration of the link under this option.
To define the DRA in a link, follow the steps listed below :
· Select the appropriate DRA Name from the drop-down.
· Enter the desired DRA concentration in the Initial DRA Concentration field.

Disable Link
This check box controls whether or not this link is included when running the simulation. By default this box is checked to off. If you want to remove this link
from the calculations, check the box to on.

Defined Phase Split from Upstream Junction

This option, which only appears if you have two or more links out of a junction, allows you to define a fixed phase split from the junction into this link. Specify
the percent of the oil phase, water phase, or water phase, and enter the corresponding volume percent (0 to 100).

Note: If at least one of oil phase percent, gas phase percent, or water phase percent is specified, then, by default, the other unspecified entries are set to 0.0
percent.

There are three important criteria to consider when using this feature:
1. Although this feature is valid for a junction with multiple links, we recommend that you only use this for junctions with two links.
2. A sink downstream of this link has to be "Floated" i.e., has no fixed pressure and rate set.
3. None of the junctions downstream from this link should be connected to other links with a fixed phase split specified in them.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Link > Line Sizing

Line Sizing
This option can be accessed by selecting Sizing on the Link Device Data window. Line sizing can be run on a single link within a network simulation. The
selected link must be attached to a source link.
Three mutually exclusive sizing criteria are available in PIPEPHASE -
· Link pressure drop criteria for specified flow rate, inlet and outlet pressure
· Erosional Velocity
· User specified maximum velocity curve

Link Pressure Drop Criteria for Specified Flowrate, Inlet and Outlet Pressure
If the link flowrate, inlet (source) pressure and outlet (sink) pressure are fixed for a given link, PIPEPHASE can calculate the minimum diameter required to
meet the desired flowrate and pressure drops in the simulation.

Note: If more than one pipe in the link are to be sized, PIPEPHASE will use the same diameter for all the pipes.

The line sizing algorithm starts with the smallest available pipe diameter and calculates the pressure drop across the link. If the pressure drop is larger than the
specified pressure drop, then the pipe diameter is increased. When the pressure drop is less than or equal to the desired pressure drop, the calculations end.
Because of this, the sink pressure for a single-link sizing simulation will rarely be exactly the same as the fixed value. To save computer time, a list of pipe
diameters to be evaluated can be entered.

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Erosional Velocity Sizing

To invoke this option, the user must specify flow rate. The user should also ensure to specify either the link inlet pressure or the outlet pressure but not both.
Constraints may be placed on the fluid velocity. The default is to use the erosional velocity - the velocity at which the friction stress from the fluid motion may
begin to abrade the pipe wall. The erosional velocity equation, which is a function of fluid density, is used.

= Erosion velocity (ft/sec)

= Density of the fluid (lb/ft3)

= Erosional velocity constant.

If solid concentration is defined, the following correlation is used for Erosional Velocity calculations:

Ve =
erosional velocity limit, m/s
S = Geometry Dependent Constant
W = sand flow rate in kg/day
3
ρm = fluid mixture density in kg/m

D = pipe internal diameter in mm

The user can define the following in the erosion velocity equation:
· Erosional Velocity constant C. The default value is 100.0.
· Solid concentration and solid velocity. The default value is 0.0 for both of them.
· Geometry dependent constant. The default value is 2.2.

User specified Velocity Sizing

To invoke this option, the user must specify flow rate. The user should also ensure to specify either the link inlet pressure or the outlet pressure but not both. A
maximum velocity curve must be specified, either versus pipe diameter or fluid density.

Perform Sizing Calculations

Checks the box if sizing calculations are to be performed. Unchecking the box removes the sizing calculations from the simulation run without deleting the data.

Sizing Constraint
The choice of constraint for a maximum fluid velocity is placed on the line sizing algorithm to invoke (b) or (c). This choice has no effect if the link problem
setup is as described in (a).
The maximum velocity can be specified as the erosional velocity (default), or as a curve of velocity versus pipe diameter or fluid density.

Erosional Velocity Constant

The erosional velocity is the maximum fluid velocity before the friction from the fluid motion begins abrading the pipe. The equation for erosional velocity is 100
divided by the square root of the fluid density (see equation above). If sand is present in the line, the maximum erosional velocity is much smaller. The
Erosional Velocity Constant can be changed to reflect the current design expectations.

Select Devices to be Sized

You may size a single pipe, several selected pipes or all pipes in the network. By default, all pipes in the flowsheet will be sized. If you wish to restrict the
sizing, press the Select Devices to be Sized button to open the Flow Devices to be Sized window where you select the required pipes.

Velocity Curve
Select the required radio button to specify the maximum fluid velocity as a curve of Nominal Size versus Velocity, Inside Diameter versus Velocity or Density
versus Velocity. Press the button to enter data into the corresponding worksheet.

Pipe Sizes
The line sizing algorithm will automatically start with the smallest API pipe diameter, and work its way up. If the expected pipe diameter is large, or only a few
pipe diameters are available, the pipe diameters to be evaluated can be restricted. This will speed up the calculations. The default is to use all of the API
schedule 40 pipe diameters. Select the required option and press the button to specify pipe sizes in either the Define Inside Diameters window or the Define
Nominal Sizes window.

Running Line Sizing

To invoke line sizing, select the following options in Run Simulation and View Results dialog box.
· Type : Line sizing
· Link : Link name that needs to be sized

Solid Concentration
Enter a value for the solid concentration in weight ppm for the fluid. For the blackoil model, the solid content is relative to the weight of the oil phase at
standard conditions. For the condensate model, the solid content is relative to the weight of the gas phase at standard conditions.
When solids are present, the sand-laden formulation for the maximum velocity is used. This velocity will be used only if it is lower than the API RP 14E erosion
velocity. You can use a high value for the API 14E empirical constant if you do not want this formulation to be limited by the API recommended practice.
Note that within a link, sand is not reduced due to fluid removal using a separator. This provides conservative velocity estimates within the link. Downstream
links will account for lower sand rates in proportion to the new flow rate.

Geometry Dependent Constant

Enter a value for the geometry dependent constant for the sand laden velocity formulation. The following table gives recommended values from the paper
(Salama, Mamdouh M.: “An Alternative to API 14E Erosional Velocity Limits for Sand-Laden Fluids”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, JUNE 2000, Vol.
122).
Typical Values of sand Erosion Constants:

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Geometry S
Elbow 0.05
Seamless and cast Ell 2.2
Plugged Tee (gas-liquid) 3.2
Plugged Tee (gas flow) 14
The geometry dependent constant directly impacts the recommended maximum velocity, which depends on the sand content, pipe diameter, and fluid density.
A good rule of thumb is to reduce the sand free maximum velocity calculated from the API 14E model by about 30% to account for the sand erosion. The typical
range of Sand Erosion constant based on this assumption is given below.

Gas Dominated Mixed Phase Liquid Dominated

0.5 - 5.0 0.2 - 2.0 0.05 - 1.0

Solid Velocity
Enter a value for the minimum settling velocity for the sand. If the fluid velocity is lower than this value, the output and Excel report will highlight areas where
sand may settle in the pipes. These areas are at lower risk for erosion, but higher risk for maintenance issues.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Link > Nodal Analysis

Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis allows you to study the overall performance of wells, pipelines, and other single link systems based on the input parameters and flowrates. The
results of nodal analysis are summarized in tabular and graphical form.
Nodal analysis can be run from the Link Special Analysis window that is accessed by right-clicking the link. This window allows you to edit the nodal analysis
data, run the simulation, and view the results.
Nodal analysis can be run from the Run Simulation and View Results window as well. In Run Simulations and View Results window, you can select any of the
available links from the Type drop-down list box and run the nodal analysis for them. Excel reports can be generated using the Simulation List options in the
Excel Reports window.

Note: Nodal Analysis is performed on a single link that has a defined source. When you enter data for a downstream link, you need to temporarily attach this
link to a source to run the nodal analysis. Source parameters should not be changed for the downstream links.

Nodal Analysis divides the link into two sections, separated by a Solution Node. The section upstream of the solution node is called the Inflow section and is
typically the tubing of a well. The section downstream of the solution node is called the Outflow section and is typically the flowline from the wellhead to a
surface separator. The solution node, in this case, is the Surface Device.
If you locate the solution node at the source or the sink, then there can only be one type of section, either outflow or inflow. If you do not want to vary any
parameters in either the Inflow section or the Outflow section, just omit the Inflow Parameters or Outflow Parameters. You must change at least one parameter
to perform sensitivity analysis.

Activate and/or Enter Nodal Analysis Data

Select the Activate and/or Enter Nodal Analysis Data check box to enter Nodal Analysis Data and clear it to delete the existing nodal analysis data.

Node Name
Select the name of the Solution Node from the drop down list box. The list box contains the names of the nodes and devices that can be used as Solution
Nodes. These items appear in the list in the order of the fluid flow through the link.

Flow Rate Basis

Select the basis for the flow rate of a Compositional fluid.

Flow Rates
Enter the flow rates for which the Nodal Analysis is to be performed. For convenience, the first 5 values for the flow rates can be entered directly from the Nodal
Analysis window. You can enter up to 20 values by selecting the More Data option.

Inflow and Outflow Parameters

A maximum of 20 inflow and outflow parameters can be given. The number of data points for each parameter may vary. Values must be given for each case
until the final change which will be used for the remaining cases.
A description of each Inflow or Outflow Parameter appears in the list box. Use the following buttons to modify the list.
Add: Click Add to open the Nodal Analysis Parameters window where you can add a new parameter to the list.
Edit: Select a parameter from the list and click Edit to open the Nodal Analysis Parameters window where you can modify the selected parameter.
Delete: Select an Inflow or Outflow Parameter from the list and click Delete to delete the parameter from the list.
Inflow Parameters: Click Inflow Parameters to view, add, edit, or delete the inflow parameters and also add a description to each of them if neccessary. Data
entry for array parameters such as composition is disabled here and you must enter the related data in the Nodal Analysis Parameters' two dimensional grid.
Note that the parameters change based on the configuration defined by the solution node.
Outflow Parameters: Click Outflow Parameters to perform similar operations as you perform for Inflow Parameters.
Global Parameters: Changes that apply to both the inflow and outflow are called global parameters and can be accessed from either the Inflow or Outflow
parameter summary. For example, the diameter can be changed for all pipes in the link. Changes to PVT parameters such as the blackoil Gas Oil Ratio are
applied to both the inflow and outflow parameters.

Tip: The starting conditions for the outflow sections depend on the upstream inflow section. This starting point can include approximations such as the average
temperature for the inflow cases at each flow rate. You can use the Print Option for expanded output in order to evaluate these approximations. This option
provides temperature and pressure traverse reports for the first flow rate for each case.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Link > Transient TACITE Simulation Data

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Transient TACITE Simulation Data

This window is opened by selecting a link and then selecting TACITE Data for Link from the Tools ribbon bar. Use this window to enter the data that PIPEPHASE
requires to perform transient simulations.
Transient simulations are available for compositional or blackoil fluids.
Any link can be modeled. However, if the link is not a source link, you must specify the sources in the Source Data window.

Note: Some equipment items do not support transient simulation. If unsupported equipment is present in the link, that equipment will be ignored by the
transient model. You will not be warned if this occurs.

Stabilization Time
Enter the real time necessary for the fluid to reach the steady state solution. Leaving this field blank indicates that the simulation will calculate the stabilization
time for you.

Transient Duration
Enter the maximum duration of the transient simulation period.

Temperature Profile
The Temperature profile allows you to set or calculate the temperature profile for the fluid in the pipeline. Select an option from the drop-down list. The Steady
option uses the temperature profile generated from the initial steady state conditions. The Transient option calculates the temperature profile for each time
step. Select Transient w Wall to account for wall thermal inertia. If you select User Defined, you must enter a temperature for each device in the TACITE
Scenarios window.

Scenarios
This button opens the TACITE Scenarios window where existing scenarios can be accessed and new scenarios created.

Device Data
This button opens the Device Data window where flow device names, lengths, segment statistics and temperatures are entered.

Source Data
This button opens the Source Data window where primary and auxiliary feed sources are specified and the Component Lumping capability can be accessed.

Other Data
This button opens the Other Data window where report frequency, flash tolerances and report times are specified.

Pigging
This button opens the Pigging window where all primary details related to pig launcher can be specified.

File locations
Restart File
You may optionally specify the name of a Restart File. If the file you specify does not exist, PIPEPHASE will create it and save the results of this transient
simulation in it. You may then subsequently use this restart file to continue the simulation from the point where it currently finishes. If the file you specify
already exists, PIPEPHASE will use the data in it as the starting point for this simulation and then append the results of this simulation to it. The results of the
entire simulation will then be available for viewing in the TACITE Results Access System.

Note: A restart file has either a .RST extension or a .UNS extension. A restart file with the extension .RST will be created or updated if a solution is reached. A
restart file with the extension .UNS will be created or updated if a solution is not reached. Normally, you would only restart from a solved restart file. If you
really want to use the last unsolved restart file, you must copy the .UNS file to a file with the extension .RST. That file will then be considered as though it
were a restart file from a solved case.

If you do this, check the results carefully.

Component Data File
Enter the name of the Component Data File here. The Component Data File is required for compositional models. See Source Data for more information about
creating the Component Data File (*.CMP).
Browse Buttons
Use the Browse buttons to find the files.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Link > VFP Table Generation

VFP Table Generation

This option allows you to specify rates, pressures, GOR’s, water cuts, and/or gas injection rates for the purpose of generating VFP Tables that can be used
within VFP Table devices. VFP tables can be generated in Excel format or Eclipse format as defined in the Print Options Window. The primary purpose of doing
this is to speed up calculation time by simulating a series of devices over a range of parameters and then using the results for all future calculations in place of
the actual devices. The future calculations would simply interpolate the VFP Table curves in subsequent simulations thereby removing the need to model the
devices used to generated the table.

Activate
In order to edit the VFP Table generation data or use it during a simulation, you must select the Activate check box. You can deactivate it if you wish to disable
this data for this link. This is useful when you are doing batch VFP Table generation runs over several links. Only the Activated links will actually get run during
batch runs.

Performance Curve Type

Curves can be of two types, Inflow or Outflow. Inflow generates well head pressure (WHP) curves and outflow generates bottom hole pressure (BHP) curves.

Fluid Type = Black Oil or Compositional/Black Oil

If your fluid type is Black Oil, you will be allowed to enter up to 30 rates, 8 pressures, 8 gas/oil ratios, 8 water cuts, and 8 gas injection rates.

Fluid Type = Gas Condensate

If your fluid type is Gas Condensate, you will be allowed to enter up to 30 rates, 8 pressures, 8 condensate/gas ratios, and 8 water/gas ratios.

Fluid Type = Liquid

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If your fluid type is Liquid, you will be allowed to enter up to 30 rates and 8 pressures.

Fluid Type = Gas

If your fluid type is Gas, you will be allowed to enter up to 30 rates and 8 pressures.

Fluid Type = Compositional

If your fluid type is Compositional, you will be allowed to enter up to 30 rates and 8 pressures.

Fluid Type = Steam

If your fluid type is Steam, you will be allowed to enter up to 30 rates and 8 pressures.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Link > View Profile

View Profile
Selecting the Link Profile View button from the Link Device Data window will provide a plot of the pipeline profile defined thus far. It will attempt to position
the plot origin at the top of the uppermost tubing – usually the ground level. If unrealistic device orders are entered then the origin will remain at the beginning
of the first length device. For instance a pipe then a tube then a pipe again would be unrealistic since tubings are used to carry fluid from the reservoir up to a
piping network – not from one pipe to another pipe.
This profile view will include the geometry of all pipes, pipelines, tubings, and annulus data found in the link. Point devices are ignored and are not represented
on the plot. It will attempt to position the plot origin at the top of the uppermost tubing – usually the ground level. If unrealistic device orders are entered then
the origin will remain at the beginning of the first length device. For instance a pipe then a tube then a pipe again would be unrealistic since tubings are used to
carry fluid from the reservoir up to a piping network – not from one pipe to another pipe.
This profile view will include the geometry of all pipes, pipelines, tubings, and annulus data found in the link. Point devices are ignored and are not represented
on the plot.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Flow Devices > Pipe

Pipe
Use this window to enter data for a pipe. Open this window by either double clicking on a pipe on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a pipe in the link
with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new pipe in the link.
Pipes are flow devices through which fluid flows from one point to another. Pipes are may be horizontal or inclined and are used for transportation of liquid
and/or gaseous fluids. For oil or gas well applications, tubing should be used rather than pipes.
The mandatory data for a pipe device include name, length, elevation change and diameter. The optional data for a pipe device includes segment size, starting
elevation, maximum operating pressure, roughness, heat transfer and pressure drop method. For pipelines, elevation profiles and other optional data may be
entered using the grids or Excel interfaces.
Using the Excel interface for pipelines, you may enter the absolute elevation and total length to calculate the pipe segment length and elevation change.
The TACITE data for a pipe device consists of providing Thermal Wall Inertia data for the pipe..
For most systems, the total pressure drop is dominated by frictional forces. The friction factor is determined by the fluid velocity, the pipe roughness and the
multiphase flow pattern. The fluid velocity is constrained by the flowrate and the inside diameter of the pipe. If you are trying to match field data with
PIPEPHASE, the largest unknown is the friction factor associated with the predicted flow pattern. The pipe roughness has only a slight effect on the friction
factor.
There are a wide range of flow pattern correlations available to choose from, as well as two names set aside for user-defined correlations. These options can be
selected by pushing the Pressure Drop Methods button. For more information on fluid flow theory, see Chapter 7 of the INPALNT Input Manual.
The heat transfer from the pipe is calculated at the same time as the pressure drop. The heat transfer can either be turned off (isothermal), set by an overall
heat transfer coefficient or calculated from the specified surroundings. The pipe, insulation and ambient conditions can all be set by selecting the appropriate
heat transfer option and pushing the Heat Transfer Data button.
Initial default values for the Pipe Inside Diameter, Pipe Roughness, Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Method can all be set on the Global Defaults window, which

can be accessed by pushing the button.

Global Pipe
When you select Use Global Pipe check box, a drop-down list with all the pipes defined in the global database becomes available. You can select the required
pipe from it. The values from the global defaults will be displayed with most of the values being disabled. You may override key variables such as the length
and elevation of the pipe.

Link Plot Selection

Use this window to view results from the network simulation.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Flow Devices > Annulus

Annulus
Open this window from the Well Annulus window or the Annulus Global Defaults window to enter the Annulus data. An annulus string is composed of one or
more sections. Each section has same data for fields such as Heat Transfer and Inside Diameter. If you want to enter different data, add a new Tubing section
from the Link Device Data window.
The mandatory data for an annulus include name and diameters. The optional data for an annulus include roughness, heat transfer, and pressure drop method.

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For most systems, the total pressure drop is dominated by frictional forces. The friction factor is determined by the fluid velocity, the roughness and the
multiphase flow pattern. The fluid velocity is constrained by the flowrate and the inside diameter of the tubing. If you are trying to match field data with
PIPEPHASE, the largest unknown is the friction factor associated with the predicted flow pattern. The roughness has only a slight effect on the friction factor.
There is a wide range of flow pattern correlations available to choose from, as well as two names set aside for user-defined correlations. For more information
on fluid flow theory, see Chapter 7 of the PIPEPHASE Input Manual.
The heat transfer from the annulus is calculated at the same time as the pressure drop. The heat transfer can either be turned off (isothermal) or set by an
overall heat transfer coefficient.
Initial default values for the Diameter, Roughness, Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Method can all be set on the Global Defaults window which can be accessed

by pushing the button.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Flow Devices > Tubing

Tubing
Open this window from the Well Tubing window or the Tubing Global Defaults window to enter the tubing data. A tubing string is composed of one or more
sections. Each section has same data for fields such as Heat Transfer and Inside Diameter. If you want to enter different data, add a new Tubing section on the
Link Device Data window.
The mandatory data for tubing include name, and diameter. The optional data for tubing include roughness, heat transfer, and pressure drop method.
For most systems, the total pressure drop is dominated by frictional forces. The friction factor is determined by the fluid velocity, the roughness and the
multiphase flow pattern. The fluid velocity is constrained by the flowrate and the inside diameter of the tubing. If you are trying to match field data with
PIPEPHASE, the largest unknown is the friction factor associated with the predicted flow pattern. The roughness has only a slight effect on the friction factor.
There is a wide range of flow pattern correlations available to choose from, as well as two names set aside for user-defined correlations. For more information
on fluid flow theory, see Chapter 7 of the PIPEPHASE Input Manual.
The heat transfer from the tubing is calculated at the same time as the pressure drop. The heat transfer can either be turned off (isothermal), set by an overall
heat transfer coefficient or calculated rigorously from detailed heat transfer information. The heat transfer details are entered after pressing the Detailed Heat
Transfer Data button.
Initial default values for the Inside Diameter, Roughness, Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Method can all be set on the Global Defaults window, which can be
accessed by pushing the button.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Flow Devices > Completion

Completion
A bottomhole completion describes the interface between a reservoir and a well. There are two types of completion: gravel packed and open perforated. The
pressure drop through a completion is calculated from permeability and other data you input.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Flow Devices > Dual Completions

Dual Completions
Dual completions are normally modeled as separate production strings. However, if detailed heat transfer is to be calculated, the configuration of the dual
completion must be defined.
The calculation must be Network and the fluid must be Blackoil or compositional. Only concentric dual completions may be modeled if the fluid is compositional.

Concentric Dual Completions

This well is modeled with two links. The first link contains the inner production or injection string which is specified in the Tubing window. The second link
models the outer string as an Annulus. The casing round the water filled annular space is defined on the Tubing Detailed Heat Transfer window. Note that the
casing inside and outside diameters each must have two values - one for the annulus and the second for the casing round the water filled annular space. All the
detailed heat transfer data are entered in the Tubing window, including the thermal properties of the fluid in the annulus. Separate Tubing devices are required
whenever the tubing or heat transfer parameters change. A separate Annulus must be supplied to correspond to each length of tubing down to the first

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completion. Below this point, the annulus does not function as a flow device and there is no Annulus device. It is simply a casing in the Tubing window.

Parallel Dual Completions

Each of the production or injection strings is modeled as a tubing in a separate link. The casing round the strings are defined on the Tubing Detailed Heat
Transfer window. The insulation around each tubing is held in place by a metal sheet which is modeled as a casing. This casing, and the first casing which
surrounds both strings, must be defined in each tubing. Data for the other casings which surround both strings are entered for one of the links only. Whenever
a change in data requires a new Tubing device in one link, there must also be a new Tubing device in the other link down to the first completion. Separate
Tubing is then required in the longer link for the remainder of the string.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Compressor

Compressor
Use this window to enter data for a compressor. Open this window by either double clicking on a compressor on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
compressor in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
compressor in the link.
Compressors are equipment devices used to increase the pressure in a gas line. Because gases have small heat capacity, compression can significantly raise the
temperature of the gas. Compressor devices are not available for steam fluids. The mandatory data for a compressor device include the compressor name and
one of the following: power, outlet pressure or compressor curve. If you reference a pre-defined compressor curve, then you can supply one of the following
Operating Conditions for that curve:
· Power
· Outlet Pressure
· Speed
The optional data for a compressor device include adiabatic efficiency, number of stages and number of curves. In addition, you can click on the Operating
Limits button to supply the maximum power, maximum pressure, and maximum speed for the compressor.

Global Compressor
When you select Use Global Compressor check box, a drop-down list with all the compressors defined in the global database becomes available. You can select
the required compressor from it.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Cooler

Cooler
Use this window to enter data for a cooler. Open this window by either double clicking on a cooler on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a cooler in
the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new cooler in the
link.
Coolers are equipment devices used to decrease the temperature of the fluid. Cooler devices are not available for steam fluids. The mandatory data for a cooler
device include the cooler name and one of the following: outlet temperature or cooler duty. The optional data for a cooler device include maximum duty,
minimum temperature, pressure drop, coefficient and exponent.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > DPDT Device

DPDT Device
Use this window to enter data for a DPDT device. Open this window by either selecting a DPDT device on the pallet of available devices or by selecting a DPDT
device already in the link (see Link Device Data window). This window will automatically open when you add a new DPDT device to the link.

DPDT Device Name

The DPDT Device Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "D002" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

DPDT in Well

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Check this box to indicate the DPDT device is in the well.

Single Curve Specified

The DPDT device allows the user to define a curve of pressure and temperature change as a function of the flow rate. The DPDT device can simulate anything
from a pump or compressor to a heater or cooler. Besides the DPDT device name, from two to ten data sets are required with the flow rates in ascending order.
Press the Curve Data button to bring up the spread sheet data entry window where the curve can be entered.

Multiple Curves Specified

If multiple curves are desired, one curve for up to 5 different DPDT device Inlet Pressures can be specified. Begin by selecting the Multiple Curves checkbox
which will disable the single curve Curve Data button and will enable the Multiple Curves group box. For each curve you wish to add, specify the Inlet Pressures
and then select the Pressure # Curve button where you can enter the Curve Data in the same way you would for a single curve.

Flowrates
For the DPDT device, the flow rate units shown depend on the fluid type. For single-phase gas or gas condensate, the flow rates are in gas volume units. For
blackoil or single-phase liquid, the flow rates are in liquid volume units. For steam and compositional fluid, the flow rates are in weight units. From two to ten
flow rates can be entered, in ascending order.

Pressure Differences
The Pressure Difference can be set for different flow rates. For flow rates in between the set points, the Pressure Difference is interpolated.

Temperature Differences
The Temperature Difference can be set for different flow rates. For flow rates in between the set points, the Temperature Difference is interpolated.

Inlet Pressures
The Inlet Pressures can be set for each curve specified if more than one curve is entered. If only one curve is specified then the Inlet Pressure is ignored and is
not required. For Inlet Pressures between the set points, the Inlet Pressure is interpolated.

Global DPDT
When you select Use Global DPDT check box, a drop-down list with all the DPDT defined in the global database becomes available. You can select the required
DPDT from it.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Electric Submersible Pump

Electric Submersible Pump

Use this window to enter data for an electric submersible pump. Open this window by either double clicking on an electric submersible pump on the Link Device
Data window or by selecting an electric submersible pump in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This
window automatically opens when you place a new electric submersible pump in the link.
An electric submersible pump is an equipment device used to increase the pressure in a liquid line. Pump devices are not available for steam fluids.
The mandatory data for an electric submersible pump include the pump name and one of power, outlet pressure or pump curve plus motor horsepower,
auxiliary power, head degradation, minimum submergence, casing head pressure, and vertical pressure gradient.
The optional data for an electric submersible pump device include adiabatic efficiency, number of stages, maximum pressure and maximum power.

TACITE Data
For transient simulations you must enter mechanical data. Push the TACITE Data button to open the TACITE Pump window and enter rotational and stage data.

Global ESP
When you select Use Global ESP check box, a drop-down list with all the ESP defined in the global database becomes available. You can select the required ESP
from it.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Steam Expander

Steam Expander
Use this window to enter data for a steam expander. Open this window by either double clicking on a steam expander on the Link Device Data window or by
selecting a steam expander in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when
you place a new steam expander in the link.
Steam Expanders are equipment devices used to recover energy while lowering the pressure of a steam line. Steam Expander devices are only available for
steam fluids. The mandatory data for a steam expander device include the steam expander name and one of the following: power, pressure drop, pressure ratio
or outlet pressure. The optional data for a steam expander device include adiabatic efficiency, minimum pressure, temperature estimate and convergence
tolerance.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Gas Lift Valve

Gas Lift Valve

Use this window to describe a gas lift valve as part of a well Link. Open this window by either double clicking on a gas lift valve on the Link Device Data window
or by selecting a gas lift valve in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens
when you place a new gas lift valve in the link.
Used with non-compositional fluids only. The fluid properties of the lift gas must be described separately in the fluid properties data section.

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Gas Lift Valve Name

The Gas Lift Valve Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "G001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Gas Flow Rate

Lift Gas Rate.

Gas Dissolved
Volume percentage of lift gas that dissolves in the oil.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Heater

Heater
Use this window to enter data for a Heater. Open this window by either double clicking on a Heater on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Heater in
the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Heater in the
link.
Heaters are equipment devices used to increase the temperature of the fluid. Heater devices are not available for steam fluids. The mandatory data for a heater
device include the heater name and one of the following: outlet temperature or heater duty. The optional data for a heater device include maximum duty,
maximum temperature, pressure drop, coefficient and exponent.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Inflow Performance Relationship

Inflow Performance Relationship

Use this window to enter data for an Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR). Open this window by either double clicking on an IPR on the Link Device Data
window or by selecting an IPR in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens
when you place a new IPR in the link.
The Inflow Performance Relationship models the relationship between flow rate and reservoir pressure draw-down or pressure drop at the sand face in a well.
You may select from five standard models or you may write your own subroutine and use it to model the inflow performance relationship.
You may enter tables of reservoir pressure, cumulative production, Gas-Oil Ratio, Condensate-Gas Ratio, Water Cut and Water-Gas ratio. These are used in
Timestepping to simulate reservoir decline with time.
You may enter curves that correlate reservoir pressure or cumulative production with flowing bottomhole pressure and flowrate. These data are then regressed
onto one of the standard models.
For an IPR with a gas basis, you may specify a drawdown formulation.

IPR Name
The IPR Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "I001" and the device number is automatically incremented
as new devices are created.

IPR Model
Select the required model from the drop down list. The data required for the device depend on the selected model.

Deliverability Basis
Select the deliverability (flow rate) basis. Flow rate units in the IPR are fixed according to the basis chosen:
· Basis Flow rate units
· Gas Gas volume units
· Liquid Liquid volume units
· Oil Liquid volume units
· Water Liquid volume units
· Weight Weight units

Note: You cannot use gas or weight basis with the Horizontal Well model.

IPR Model Data

Press the button to supply the data which are specific to the selected model:
· Productivity Index Data
· Vogel Data
· Fetkovich Gas Flow Data
· Laminar-Inertial-Turbulent Data
· Tabular Data
· Horizontal Well Data

IPR User Data

This will open a worksheet for you to enter real and integer names and values. These will be accessible to the user who is implementing user added IPR models.
Also, some keywords that are not supported in the GUI can be entered via this worksheet.
Information on how to copy and paste worksheet cells as well as how to navigate from cell to cell can be found in this help document in the section titled
General Spread Sheet Editing.

Decline Data
Press the Decline Data button to enter optional production decline data.

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Advanced Options
Press the Advanced IPR Options button to define multiple completions and advanced drawdown models for gas systems.

TACITE Data
For transient simulations you must enter a steady state productivity index. Push the TACITE Data button to open the TACITE Steady State PI window.

Note: Black oil TACITE calculations for IPR simulations are not allowed.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Injection

Injection
Use this window to enter data for an injection device. Open this window by either double clicking on an injection device on the Link Device Data window or by
selecting an injection device in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when
you place a new injection device in the link.
The injection device adds fluid to the link flowrate that has been removed at a separator device. Besides the injection name, the fluid origin is required and the
injection stream conditions are optional.

Injection Name
The Injection Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "I001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Injection in Well
Check this box to indicate the injection device is in a well.

Mandatory Data
Specify the origin of the injected fluid. Select the separator name.
Select the product phase. This is not an option for the steam fluid model, which deals with a single product phase.

Note: If the separator split the removed liquid into a water and a hydrocarbon phase, two Injection Devices are required to re-inject both streams.

Stream Conditions
For the steam fluid model, the stream is injected with the same enthalpy as the separator product. For other fluid types, you have the option to use Calculated
or user Specified conditions.
Select Calculated, if you want the fluid to be injected at the separator temperature and the injection point pressure. This is the only option for steam models.
If you want to change the temperature and pressure of the stream before injection, select Specified and enter a temperature and pressure.

Note: If the user does not specify either the pressure or temperature for the injected stream, the value from the separator will be used in the energy balance.
If the injection pressure differs from the pressure where the fluid is injected, the required pressure difference will be calculated.

TACITE Data
For transient simulations you must enter mechanical data. Push the TACITE Data button to open the TACITE Injection window and enter geometrical data.

Note: Black oil TACITE calculations for Injection simulations are not allowed.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Multi-Stage Compressor

Multi-Stage Compressor
Use this window to enter data for a Multi-Stage compressor. Open this window by either double clicking on a Multi-Stage compressor on the Link Device Data
window or by selecting a Multi-Stage compressor in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window
automatically opens when you place a new Multi-Stage compressor in the link.
Compressors are equipment devices used to increase the pressure in a gas line. Because gases have small heat capacity, compression can significantly raise the
temperature of the gas. Compressor devices are not available for steam fluids.
In a multistage compressor, you may specify different parameters -- curves, efficiencies, etc.-- for different stages. You may have multiple compressor trains,
each train with multiple stages. You may have interstage scrubbers with downstream re-injection and interstage coolers and piping losses.

Compressor Name
The Compressor Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "C001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Number of Trains and Stages

Enter the number of identical compressor trains operating in parallel and specify up to five stages per train.

Mandatory Data
Select which way you want to specify the compressor operation and enter a value. If you select suction pressure, PIPEPHASE invokes a special algorithm which
breaks the flowsheet at the compressor inlet and solves the resulting subnetworks so that the pressures match at the interface. If you select Compressor Curve,
press the button to enter data in the Multistage Compressor Curve window.

Calculation Options
Press the Calculation Options button to change the calculation methods or specify calculation limits.

Compressor Stage Data...

Press this button to access the Compressor Stage Data window where you may specify compressor stage outlet pressures and efficiencies.

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Interstage Cooler Data...

Press this button to access the Interstage Cooler Data window where you may specify interstage cooler discharge temperatures, duties and pressure losses.

Scrubber Data...
In a compositional or condensate simulation, press this button to access the Multistage Compressor Scrubber Data window where you define the product
removed from interstage scrubbers for re-injection downstream.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Pump

Pump
Use this window to enter data for a Pump. Open this window by either double clicking on a Pump on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Pump in the
link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Pump in the link.
Pumps are equipment devices used to increase the pressure in a liquid line. Pump devices are not available for steam fluids. The mandatory data for a pump
device include the pump name and one of the following: power, outlet pressure or pump curve. The optional data for a pump device include adiabatic efficiency,
number of stages, maximum pressure and maximum power.
When you select Pump Curve radio button, the Pump Curves list box becomes available. Select the required plot option from the list box and view the pertinent
plots.

TACITE Data
For transient simulations you must enter mechanical data. Push the TACITE Data button to open the TACITE Pump window and enter rotational and stage data.

Global Pump
When you select Use Global Pump check box, a drop-down list with all the Pump defined in the global database becomes available. You can select the required
Pump from it.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Regulator

Regulator
Use this window to enter data for a Regulator. Open this window by either double clicking on a Regulator on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
Regulator in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
Regulator in the link.
Regulators are equipment devices used to limit the pressure in a pipe. Regulators are sometimes useful in network calculations by limiting the pressure
fluctuations between iterations. Regulators also prevent flow reversals in the link, shutting the flow off if a network iteration tries to reverse the flow in the link.
The regulator name and maximum downstream pressure are mandatory data for a regulator device.

Regulator Name
The Regulator Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "R001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Regulator Specification
The regulator can be used to set the Downstream Pressure, Upstream Pressure or Regulator Flowrate. The regulator requires data for one of these options. The
Flowrate Basis field appears for blackoil systems only. The regulator flowrate for oil, gas, water or total liquid can be set independently; the upstream node
blackoil characteristics (GOR, water cut) will be used to determine the upstream specified flowrates. For single-phase gas or gas condensate fluids, the
flowrates are in gas volume units. For blackoil or single-phase liquid fluids, the flowrates are in liquid volume units. For steam and compositional fluids, the
flowrates are in weight units.
If the Upstream Pressure or Regulator Flowrate options is selected, the sub-network algorithm is invoked.

Temperature Drop Methods:

Select the required temperature drop method from this drop-down list. It has the following four options.
· Isothermal
By default, the temperature drop method for regulator is isothermal. In this method, the inlet temperature is used as the outlet temperature.
· Rigorous Energy Balance
Select this option to use the non-compositional energy balance for regulator, and to model the temperature change in it. This energy balance accounts for
changes in energy that occur with the large pressure drop across the device. This includes changes in kinetic energy, heat of vaporization, and Joule-
Thomson expansion. The heat of vaporization is determined from a pseudo-component mixture, which is selected based on the molecular weight derived
from the gas phase density.
This option is not available for compositional or steam models, which always include rigorous energy balances.
· Specific Heat Ratio
The Specific heat ratio, CPCV (specific heat capacity at constant pressure to the specific heat capacity at constant volume) is used as exponent in the
adiabatic pressure drop equation to calculate the downstream temperature.
The specific heat ratio is not available for compositional or steam models, which always include rigorous energy balances.
· Bahadori & Vuthaluru
Bahadori & Vuthaluru model may only be used for Black-oil to get a quick approximate solution for the temperature drop of natural gas streams.
This model uses correlations devised as a function of initial (upstream) pressure of gas stream for different pressure drops. The calculated coefficients for
these polynomials are correlated as a function of pressure-drop. For more information, see Technical Reference in Keyword Manual.

Specific Heat Ratio

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > Separator

Separator
Use this window to enter data for a Separator. Open this window by either double clicking on a Separator on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
Separator in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
Separator in the link.
The separator device removes a portion of one or more phases of the fluid. The removed stream is no longer available for calculation purposes but the removed
fluid may be added back at another point in the flowsheet using an injection device. Besides the separator name, the separation basis and products removed
are required.

Separator Name
The Separator Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "S002" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Separator in Well
Check this box to indicate the separator is in the well.

Separation Basis
The Separator can be defined to operate either on a percentage, volumetric flowrate or composition basis. Composition basis is available only for compositional
simulations. For a percentage basis, the percentage of the removed phase must be specified. For a flowrate basis, the flowrate of the removed phase must be
specified using gas volume or liquid volume flowrate units.
For composition basis, push the Enter Data button to open the Separator Composition worksheet where you may specify the percent of each component to be
removed.

Products Removed
The phase removed can be chosen as the Vapor phase, the Total Liquid phase or the Hydrocarbon and Water in the Liquid phase can be separated individually.
By default, the vapor phase will be removed. For steam systems, the Total Liquid phase refers to the water phase at actual conditions.

Note: If the Water phase is being separated from the Hydrocarbon phase, then water must be the first component in the component list.

TACITE Data
For transient simulations you must enter mechanical data. Push the TACITE Data button to open the TACITE Separator window and enter geometry, valve and
controller data.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Equipment Items > VFP Table Device

VFP Table Device

Use this window to enter data for a VFP Table device. Open this window by either selecting a VFP device on the pallet of available devices or by selecting a VFP
device already in the link (see Link Device Data window). This window will automatically open when you add a new VFP device to the link.

Note: VFP Table information is not stored in the PIPEPHASE database. It is stored in a separate comma delimited ASCII Excel file; which can be generated by
PIPEPHASE, by hand, or by any other program that writes the file in the required format. In general, only one VFP Table device should be used per link due to
naming convention restrictions, which only allow one file per link (see VFP File Name Group Box below). In the future, this may be expanded to support
multiple files per link.

VFP Device Name

The VFP Device Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "V001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

VFP File Name Group Box

The VFP File Name group box displays the name of the file that will be used for the current link/problem combination. Note that this name is automatically
generated and is made up of the problem name, link name, and the extension vfp.csv . So for example, if the problem name is TESTFILE and the link name is
LINK1, the VFP File Name that will be used during the simulation will be TESTFILE-LINK1.vfp.csv.

VFP File
You can import existing VFP tabular data from a file into the GUI. Only one table should be given in a file as only the first table is imported. The default is to
import VFP tables generated by PIPEPHASE in Excel format. The extension for this type of file is "vfp.csv". For the black oil and condensate production wells,
you may import VFP tables in Eclipse format. The default extension for these files is "vfp", but you may select any file by typing in the name or entering a
search such as *.ecl. Select the file by pressing the VFP File button. The data will be imported into the current VFP Table file when you close the file selection
window.

Note: For the import of ECLIPSE files, only the variables that are compatible with the PIPEPHASE VFP tables can be imported as follows:

Fluid Model PIPEPHASE Variables Eclipse Variables

WHP (well head pressure) or THP (tubing head pressure) or
BHP (bottom hole pressure) BHP (bottom hole pressure)
LV Rate (oil LV rate) OIL (oil LV rate)
Blackoil
GOR (gas oil ratio) GOR (gas oil ratio)
WCT (water cut) WCT (water cut)
GINJ (lift gas inj rate) GRAT (lift gas inj rate)

WHP (well head pressure) or THP (tubing head pressure) or

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BHP (bottom hole pressure) BHP (bottom hole pressure)

GV Rate (gas rate) GAS (gas rate)
Condensate CGR (oil gas ratio) OGR (oil gas ratio)
WGR(water gas ratio) WGR(water gas ratio)

WHP (well head pressure) or

Compositional BHP (bottom hole pressure) Not supported
Wt Rate (fluid weight rate)
Create New VFP Table
If you have a VFP Table currently defined and you wish to overwrite it and enter a new one by hand, you can create a new table by pressing the Create New
VFP Table button. This will delete the current information and create a default table for you that you can then begin modifying.
General Table Information
Select the appropriate option from the drop-down list for the following options:
· Fluid Type
· Inflow/Outflow
Enter the description of the VFP table.
Advanced
Click Advanced to view General Spread sheet – IPR User Data dialog box.
VFP Table Dimensions
Click Create New VFP Table to edit the values in VFP Table Dimensions group box. By default, following values have been assigned to table dimension:
· # of RATEs – 2 ( Number must with in 2 to 30)
· # of GORs – 1 ( Number must with in 1 to 8)
· # of GIRs – 1 ( Number must with in 1 to 8)
· # of WHPs – 1 ( Number must with in 1 to 8)
· # of WCTs – 1 ( Number must with in 1 to 8)
The entered value will be used to create editable entries that need to be available in the VFP data spread sheet. Click Edit VFP Table Data.. to view VFP Table
Data dialog box. Click the button in Edit Values group box to open a general spread sheet to edit VFP table data.

Note: Users are not allowed to change the VFP dimension table dimension using General spread sheet VFP table data.

The dimensions of this spreadsheet are controlled by the entered values in VFP Table Dimensions group box.
Unit of Measure
This lists the unit of measurement (UOM) that will be used for the VFP Table data. Following are the default UOM:
· Flow Rate – ft3/hr
· Bottom Hole Pressure – psia
· Well Head Pressure – psia
· Temperature – deg F
· Quality – Fraction
· Gas/Oil Fraction - ft3/bbl
· Water Cut – Fraction
· Gas Injection Rate – MM ft3/hr
The selected UOM from the drop-down list will be used for the VFP table data.

Edit VFP Table Data..

Click Edit VFP Table Data.. to view a Question window. Select the appropriate option. Click Yes to view VFP Table Data dialog box. This will make the fluid type
and dimension group box not editable.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Bend

Bend
Use this window to enter data for a Bend. Open this window by either double clicking on a Bend on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Bend in the
link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Bend in the link.
Pipe bends are fitting devices used to change the direction of the flow. The mandatory data for a bend fitting include name, inside diameter and type of bend.
The optional data for a bend fitting include number of identical bends, resistance coefficient, roughness and flow model coefficients.
Initial default values for the Pipe Inside Diameter and the Pipe Roughness can be set on the Global Defaults window which can be accessed by pushing the
button.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Check Valve

Check Valve
Use this window to enter data for a Check Valve. Open this window by either double clicking on a Check Valve on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
Check Valve in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
Check Valve in the link.

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Check valves are equipment devices that allow flowrate only in the direction specified on the Link window. The check name and orifice diameter are mandatory
data for a check valve. The Discharge Coefficient is optional.

Check Name
The Check Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "C001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Orifice Diameter
The Orifice Diameter is the minimum diameter of the check valve.

Discharge Coefficient
The Discharge Coefficient is used to calculate the pressure drop. The default Discharge Coefficient is 1.00.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Choke

Choke
Use this window to enter data for a Choke. Open this window by either double clicking on a Choke on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Choke in
the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Choke in the
link.
Chokes are equipment devices used to restrict the flowrate through a pipe. You may provide the choke name, diameter and discharge coefficient data for a
choke device.

Choke Name
The Choke Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "C001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Choke in Well
Check this box if the choke is located inside a well.

Choke Specification
The choke device can calculate the pressure drop across the choke or size the choke to meet inlet or outlet specifications. If the Calculate Pressure Drop option
is selected, a value for the choke diameter is required.
If the Size Choke using Upstream Pressure or Size Choke using Flowrate option is selected, a value for the upstream pressure is required. This calculation
invokes the sub-network algorithm. The flowrate basis depends on the fluid type. For single-phase gas or gas condensate fluids, the flowrates are in gas volume
units. For blackoil or single-phase liquid fluids, the flowrates are in liquid volume units. For steam and compositional fluids, the flowrates are in weight units.
If the Size Choke using Downstream Pressure option is selected, a value for the downstream pressure is required. This calculation uses the standard network
algorithm, but convergence is difficult if the downstream pressure drop in the link is small.

Inside Diameter
The Inside Diameter is the minimum diameter of the choke. Depending on the Calculation Method chosen, you may have the option of specifying the Inside
Diameter in 64ths of an inch.

Inside Diameter is in 64ths of an Inch.

If Calculate Pressure Drop is the Choke Specification chosen then the value required is the choke inside diameter. Depending on the Calculation Method chosen,
this check box may be available to you which will allow you to specify the Inside Diameter in 64ths of an inch instead of the fine length unit of measure chosen
in the Input Dimensions dialog box. For example the critical flow methods; Gilbert, Ros, Baxendell, and Achong will allow you to select this option.

Calculation Method
You must select ORIFICE or PERKINS if you have specified that the fluid is single-phase in the Simulation Definition window. The FORTUNATI method may only
be used for multiphase fluids. UEDA may only be used for Blackoil. PERKINS is based on fundamental energy and mass balance equations and models both
critical and sub-critical flow in a homogenous mixture with no mass exchange between phases. The GF or Gilbert Family methods are only valid for critical flows
and include GILBERT, ROS, BAXENDELL, and ACHONG.

Specified Critical Pressure Ratio

For the FORTUNATI, PERKINS, or EUDA model, you may set the critical pressure ratio used when the “Critical Pressure Ratio” option for the critical flow choke
method is selected in the Network Convergence Data window.
For details on modeling chokes in critical flow see the discussion on Chokes in PIPEPHASE.

Resistance Coefficient
Choke discharge coefficient. Defaults to 1.03 for Fortunati, 1.0 for ORIFACE and UEDA, and .826 for PERKINS. Not used and thus disabled for other methods.

Temperature Drop Methods:

Select the required temperature drop method from this drop-down list. It has the following four options.
· Isothermal
By default, the temperature drop method for choke is isothermal. In this method, the inlet temperature is used as the outlet temperature.
· Rigorous Energy Balance
Select this option to use the non-compositional energy balance for the choke and to model the temperature change in it. This energy balance accounts for
changes in energy that occur with the large pressure drop across the device. This includes changes in kinetic energy, heat of vaporization, and Joule-
Thomson expansion. The heat of vaporization is determined from a pseudo-component mixture, which is selected based on the molecular weight derived
from the gas phase density.
This option is not available
· For compositional or steam models, which always include rigorous energy balances.
· For the Perkins model, which already includes methods for the temperature drop across the choke.
· Specific Heat Ratio
The Specific heat ratio, CPCV (specific heat capacity at constant pressure to the specific heat capacity at constant volume) is used as exponent in the
adiabatic pressure drop equation to calculate the downstream temperature.
The specific heat ratio is not available for compositional or steam models, which always include rigorous energy balances.
· Bahadori & Vuthaluru
Bahadori & Vuthaluru model may only be used for Black-oil to get a quick approximate solution for the temperature drop of natural gas streams.

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This model uses correlations devised as a function of initial (upstream) pressure of gas stream for different pressure drops. The calculated coefficients for
these polynomials are correlated as a function of pressure-drop. For more information, see Technical Reference in Keyword Manual.

Specific Heat Ratio

Critical Pressure Ratio

For the FORTUNATI, PERKINS, or EUDA model, you may enter a value for the critical pressure ratio after you have checked the box “Specified Critical Pressure
Ratio”.
The default critical pressure ratio for the Gilbert model is .55.

Gilbert Family Coefficients: A, B, & C

These coefficients are used for the critical flow pressure drop methods named Gilbert, Ros, Baxendell, and Achong. The default A, B, and C for Gilbert is 10,
.546, and 1.89; for Ros is 17.4, .5, and 2; for Baxendell is 9.56, .546, and 1.93; for Achong is 3.82, .65, and 1.88.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Contraction

Contraction
Use this window to enter data for a Contraction. Open this window by either double clicking on a Contraction on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
Contraction in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
Contraction in the link.
Contractions and expansions are fitting devices used to change the diameter of the pipe. The mandatory data for a contraction fitting include name and inside
diameter of the inlet and outlet. The optional data for a contraction fitting include number of identical contractions, resistance coefficient, contraction angle and
flow model coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Entrance

Entrance
Use this window to enter data for a Entrance. Open this window by either double clicking on a Entrance on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
Entrance in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
Entrance in the link.
Entrances and Exits are fitting devices used to connect a pipe to a vessel or storage tank. The mandatory data for an entrance fitting include name and inside
diameter of the outlet. The optional data for an entrance fitting include number of identical entrances, resistance coefficient and flow model coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Exit Device

Exit Device
Use this window to enter data for a Exit. Open this window by either double clicking on a Exit on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Exit in the link
with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Exit in the link.
Exits and Entrances are fitting devices used to connect a pipe to a vessel or storage tank. The mandatory data for an exit fitting include name and inside
diameter of the inlet. The optional data for an exit fitting include number of identical exits, resistance coefficient and flow model coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Expansion

Expansion
Use this window to enter data for a Expansion. Open this window by either double clicking on a Expansion on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a
Expansion in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new
Expansion in the link.
Expansions and contractions are fitting devices used to change the diameter of the pipe. The mandatory data for an expansion fitting include name and inside
diameter of the inlet and outlet. The optional data for an expansion fitting include number of identical expansions, resistance coefficient, expansion angle and
flow model coefficients.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Nozzle

Nozzle
Use this window to enter data for a Nozzle. Open this window by either double clicking on a Nozzle on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Nozzle in
the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Nozzle in the
link.
Nozzles, venturimeters and orifices are fitting devices used to restrict or to measure the flowrate through the pipe. If being used to restrict the flowrate, the
pressure drop across an individual nozzle, venturimeter or orifice may be large. The mandatory data for a nozzle fitting include name, inside diameter of the
inlet and the nozzle diameter. The optional data for a nozzle fitting include number of identical nozzles, resistance coefficient, specific heat ratio and flow model
coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Orifice

Orifice
Use this window to enter data for a Orifice. Open this window by either double clicking on a Orifice on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Orifice in
the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Orifice in the
link.
Orifices, nozzles and venturimeters are fitting devices used to restrict or to measure the flowrate through the pipe. If being used to restrict the flowrate, the
pressure drop across an individual orifice, nozzle or venturimeter may be large. The mandatory data for an orifice fitting include name, inside diameter of the
inlet, type of orifice and the orifice diameter. The optional data for an orifice fitting include number of identical orifices, resistance coefficient, specific heat ratio
and flow model coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Tee

Tee
Use this window to enter data for a Tee. Open this window by either double clicking on a Tee on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Tee in the link
with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Tee in the link.
Pipe tees are fitting devices used to merge two pipes into one or split one pipe into two directions. To be consistent, the tee should be the last device in a link
going to a junction The junction node should have two other links either entering or exiting. Any other arrangement of a tee will be modeled as if the third end
of the tee is capped off. The mandatory data for a tee fitting include name, inside diameter and type of tee. The optional data for a tee fitting include number of
identical tees, resistance coefficient, roughness and flow model coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Valve

Valve
Use this window to enter data for a Valve. Open this window by either double clicking on a Valve on the Link Device Data window or by selecting a Valve in the
link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a new Valve in the link.
Valves are fitting devices used to restrict or shut off the flow through a pipe. The mandatory data for a valve fitting include name, inside diameter of the inlet
and outlet and type of valve. The optional data for a valve fitting include number of identical valves, resistance coefficient, angle, velocity constant and flow
model coefficients.

TACITE Data
For transient simulations the valve Coefficient and Exponent must also be entered. This information is used to determine the pressure drop across the valve as
a function of the valve opening. The default is 1.0 for each. Refer to the PIPEPHASE-TACITE User's Guide for more information about determining the valve
coefficients.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Fittings > Venturimeter

Venturimeter
Use this window to enter data for a Venturimeter. Open this window by either double clicking on a Venturimeter on the Link Device Data window or by selecting
a Venturimeter in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window automatically opens when you place a
new Venturimeter in the link.
Venturimeters, nozzles and orifices are fitting devices used to restrict or to measure the flowrate through the pipe. If being used to restrict the flowrate, the
pressure drop across an individual venturimeter, nozzle or orifice may be large. The mandatory data for a venturimeter fitting include name, inside diameter of
the inlet and the throat diameter. The optional data for a venturimeter fitting include number of identical venturimeters, resistance coefficient, specific heat
ratio and flow model coefficients.

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Unit Operations > Hydrate Calculations

Hydrate (Unit)
This window shows existing Hydrate units. You can edit or copy existing units, or add new ones. Open this window either by double clicking on a Hydrate unit
on the Main PFD or by selecting a Hydrate unit with a single click then selecting Edit Unit from the Tools ribbon bar.
The Hydrates unit predicts the pressure and temperature regime in which the fluid at a node (source, sink, or junction) is vulnerable to hydrate formation.
Different ranges of temperature and pressure can be examined. Calculations assume the presence of free water for hydrates to form. Hydrate calculations are
available only for compositional fluid types.
You can also study the effect of NaCl, methanol, ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol and tri-ethylene glycol hydrate inhibitors.
You can associate a hydrate unit with any source, sink, or junction; however, you cannot associate a hydrate unit with a stream.

Unit
This entry identifies the hydrate unit for which the calculations will apply.

Description
You may optionally supply a description for the unit.

Hydrate Calculations
· Press Add to add a new calculation. The Define Hydrate Calculation window appears.
· Press Edit to change the highlighted calculation. The Define Hydrate Calculation window appears.
· Press Delete to delete the highlighted calculation.
· Press Copy to copy the highlighted calculation. An identical Hydrate Calculation is appended which you may then Edit.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Unit Operations > Calculator

Calculator (Unit)
Use this window to configure or edit a calculator. Open this window either by double clicking on a calculator on the Main PFD or by selecting a calculator with a
single click then selecting Edit Unit from the Tools ribbon bar.
The calculator is a versatile utility module that allows you to perform FORTRAN-like calculations on information from the flowsheet and to transfer the results to
other unit operations. The calculator interacts with, and is calculated along with other flowsheet modules. Therefore, sequence is important for proper
execution.

Note: Execution sequence is determined alphabetically by calculator name.

You can associate a calculator with any source, sink, or junction; however, you cannot associate a calculator with a stream.
The calculator window has two sections: the upper section for setup (assignment of unit parameters to be retrieved from the flowsheet, initialization of
constants, descriptive labeling of results, and sizing of arrays); and the lower section for the procedure statements which perform the actual FORTRAN
calculations.

Unit
This field shows the default name assigned by PIPEPHASE. You can change it if you like.

Description
This field shows an optional description.

Array Sizes
This button opens the Calculator Array Sizes window which shows the current size of all arrays. You can change the size of any array.

Result Names
This button opens the Result Array Names window which shows the current names for the elements of the R( ) array, where the results the calculations are
stored. You can assign a descriptive name for any element.

Constants
This button opens the Constant Array Data window which shows which constant numbers are initialized to a value that remains unchanged in any calculation.

Parameters
This button opens the Calculator Defined Parameters window which shows which unit operation results are to be retrieved and assigned to specific parameter
numbers. The calculator uses results in procedure statements by manipulating them as P(parameter number) variables.

Procedure
Use this text box to type the name of the procedure you want to view, edit or create. Procedure names consist of the path and filename with a .CLC extension.

To display an existing procedure:

Type the procedure name, or click Find (see below). PIPEPHASE displays the procedure in the procedure list box.

To create a procedure:
We strongly recommend that you create a new procedure by editing the name and steps of an existing procedure: Click Find to display the desired procedure.
Change the procedure name to the desired path and filename. Click Edit (see below) to change the statements in the list box.

Note: Calculator files that are stored in the same directory as the simulation and are not referenced by path will be maintained in the .zip file. This allows these
supporting simulation files to be stored together, which makes it easy to share your simulations with others. If you would like to maintain calculator procedures
to be used by multiple simulations, you should maintain these in a separate directory and refer to these files by location. This gives you control over the
maintenance of procedure files and eliminates the potential of having a simulation replace your new code with an older version.

Find
This button opens the Retrieve Calculator Procedure window which allows you to browse the directory tree for the desired procedure. PIPEPHASE displays the

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corresponding procedure in the procedure list box.

Edit
This button opens the procedure in the default editor which is defined in the PIPEPHASE.INI file. Edit the file as needed. When editing is complete, PIPEPHASE
displays the procedure in the procedure list box.

Important: Do not change the first two lines of an existing procedure. These statements are essential for keyword import.

Note: Some editors do not update the procedure list box when you edit the procedure. If your editor does not update, press Refresh when PIPEPHASE returns
to the Calculator window.

Refresh
This button refreshes the screen after editing a procedure.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Transient Flow Device > TACITE Relief Valve

TACITE Relief Valve

Use this window to enter data for a Relief Valve to be used in a TACITE run. Open this window by either double clicking on a Relief Valve on the Link Device
Data window or by selecting a Relief Valve in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window
automatically opens when you place a new Relief Valve in the link.

Relief Valve Name

The Relief Valve Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "Z001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Diameter of Opening
Enter a value for the diameter of the relief valve hole. The value must be less than or equal to 10% of the pipe diameter.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Transient Flow Device > TACITE Controller

TACITE PID Controller

Use this window to enter data for a PID Controller to be used in a TACITE run. Open this window by either double clicking on a PID Controller on the Link Device
Data window or by selecting a PID Controller in the link with a single click then pushing the Edit button on the Link Device Data window. This window
automatically opens when you place a new PID Controller in the link.

Controller Name
The Controller Name must be a unique, 4-letter alphanumeric name. By default, the first device is named "Z001" and the device number is automatically
incremented as new devices are created.

Controlled Equipment Name

Enter the name of the equipment to be controlled by the TACITE Controller.

Measured Variable
Select the variable to be measured by the controller.

Controlled Variable
Select the variable to varied by the controller.

Controller Parameters
Enter the Proportional, Integral and Derivative coefficients for the controller.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Transient Flow Device > Pigging

Pigging
Use this window to enter Pigging data for a transient simulation run. This window is opened by pressing the Pigging button on the Transient TACITE Simulation
Data window.

Enable Pigging
Check this box to enable the Pigging capability.

Pigging Data
Enter Pigging data:
· Launcher Location, measured from the start of the Link.
· Trap Location, measured from the start of the Link.
· Diameter of the pig, which must be less or equal to the pipe diameter.
· Length of the Pig.

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· Weight of the Pig.

· Pig Wall Friction Factor Coefficient.
Equipment such as valve, injector, relief valve, pump or inside PI can not be located on the pipe between launcher location and trap location during a pigging
simulation.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Transient Data > TACITE Data Requirements - Transient Data

TACITE Data Requirements - Transient Data

Transient data controls the duration of a TACITE simulation and the changes which are imposed on the process during the transient period.

Durations
You must supply the time required to reach stability and the duration of the transient period.

Restarting
You may restart a simulation from the end of a previous simulation.

Scenarios
A scenario defines changes in parameter values at set times during the transient period. You may define more than one scenario.

Link Segmentation
Each pipeline must be divided into segments. The accuracy of the simulation is a function of the number of segments.

Source Data
If the link is fed from a junction node in a network, you need to specify the properties of the source. You may blend a number of sources to generate a
composite feed to the link.

Component Clustering and Component Lumping

TACITE supports up to seventeen components in the fluid model. The slate of pure components is converted to a reduced component slate using component
clustering or component lumping. For optimal performance, use the fewest number of pseudo components that accurately models the fluid properties.

Reporting Times
You can specify at what frequency you want reports of the progress of the transient simulation.

Pigging
You may simulate the pigging of a line.

Data Entry
Enter duration times and restart file information for a TACITE simulation in the Transient TACITE Simulation Data window. This window also provides access to
other transient data entry windows for:
· Scenarios
· Link Segmentation
· Source Data
· Component Lumping
· Reporting Times
· Pigging

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Reservoirs > Reservoir Database

Reservoir Database
Use this window to enter decline curve data for reservoirs in the Reservoir Database. Open this window by selecting Reservoir Database… from the Tools->
Tools Ribbon bar -> User databases menu.
Using PIPEPHASE, you can examine the effect of reservoir conditions on the performance of wells and downstream networks. You can also investigate the
implications of declining reservoir pressure and production rate.
From the Tools-> Tools Ribbon bar menu select Reservoir Database...

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Reservoir Name/Description
The names and descriptions of reservoirs that already exist in the database are displayed.

New...
Press this button to create a new reservoir in the database and enter data for it. This button opens the Reservoir Data window. The new reservoir name and
description will be added to the list on the left.

Edit...
Select a reservoir in the list and press this button to edit the reservoir data. This button opens the Reservoir Data window.

Delete..
Select a reservoir in the list and press this button to delete the reservoir from the database.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Reservoirs > Reservoir Data

Reservoir Data
Reservoir Name
Enter a name for the reservoir or accept the default supplied.

Reservoir Description
Enter a description of the reservoir. This will be appended to the reservoir name and entered in the list on the Reservoir Database window.

Production Basis
Select the basis for measurement of reservoir production.

Cumulative Production
You must enter a value of cumulative production for this reservoir at the time of the simulation.

Decline Curve
Press this button to select the reservoir decline curve. Push the button to open the Reservoir Decline Curve window to enter data.

P/Z Decline Rate

For a reservoir with a gas production basis you may enter a linear decline rate per unit of production instead of entering a decline curve. The P/Z decline rate
method requires a positive value for slope of the straight line of P/Z as a function of cumulative production.

Gas in Place
For a reservoir with a gas production basis you may enter the current gas in place. This value is used with the source pressure to calculate the slope of the P/Z
decline curve.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Reservoirs > Reservoir Decline Curve

Reservoir Decline Curve

Reservoir Pressure
Enter values of reservoir pressure in descending order.

Cumulative Production
Enter corresponding values of reservoir cumulative production in ascending order.

Insert Row
This button will insert a new blank row at the location of the currently selected cell.

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Delete Row
This button will delete the row at the currently selected cell.

Append Row
This button will append a new blank row at the end of the current list of pressure / cumulative production data pairs.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Data Requirements > Node Operations > Reservoirs > Time Stepping

Time Stepping
This window is opened by selecting the Time Stepping option on the Tools-> Tools Ribbon bar menu.
The Time-stepping option allows you to examine how performance is affected as reservoir pressure declines with cumulative production and as changes are
made to devices in the system.
After the initial solution of the network, you may impose changes and stipulate that those changes take place at different times. For every time entered, the
network is simulated incorporating the changes you have specified up to and including that time using the condition of the reservoir (or reservoirs) at the time
of the change. A full set of results is produced for every time step -- this can result in significant output.
Declining reservoir condition curves are input as tables in one or more of the IPR devices.

Perform Time Stepping Calculations

Check the box if time stepping calculations are to be performed. Unchecking the box removes the calculations from the simulation run without deleting the
data.
You may express changes in terms of Reservoir Production decline or as changes to individual device parameters.

Reservoir Production Decline

If time stepping is used to model the production decline, no device changes are required. For this case, you must enter a set of times for the cumulative
production to be evaluated. Check the box and push the button to open the Production Decline window

Time Stepping Description

Each Description describes a change you wish to impose on the simulation. There is no limit on the number of changes you can impose. New changes can be
added, or existing changes can be edited, copied, or deleted.

Add
Press the Add button to open the Define Time Stepping Parameter window where you may add a new change to the list.

Edit
Select a Time Stepping Description from the list and press the Edit button to open the Define Time Stepping Parameter window where you may modify the
existing change data.

Delete
Select a Time Stepping Description from the list and press the Delete button to delete it from the list.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Calculation Methods > Phase Equilibria

Phase Equilibria
Compositional Fluids
Compositional fluids are defined as mixtures of chemical components with a known composition. For compositional fluids, PIPEPHASE will calculate the phase
separation whenever prevailing process fluid conditions are required.
PIPEPHASE can use a generalized correlation, an equation of state, or a liquid activity method to calculate thermodynamic properties at the flowing conditions
and hence to predict the split between the liquid and vapor phases.
The choice of the thermodynamic property calculation method depends on the components in the fluid and the prevailing temperatures and pressures.
PIPEPHASE also provides a number of methods that can rigorously calculate vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium and solid-liquid equilibrium.
You may instruct PIPEPHASE to assume the fluid is one phase at all times, thus reducing the time the program takes to solve by continually bypassing the
vapor-liquid equilibrium (flash) calculation.
See also Component Data.

Non-Compositional Multi-Phase Fluids

Gas condensate is a multiphase non-compositional fluid with gas predominating. All properties of gas condensate are calculated by PIPEPHASE from the phase
specific gravities at standard conditions and built-in correlations.
See also Gas Condensate PVT Data.
Blackoil is a multiphase fluid model which predicts properties from the gas gravity, oil gravity, and the volume of gas per unit volume of liquid.
See also Blackoil PVT Data.
Steam is a single component, two-phase model for which PIPEPHASE uses the GPSA steam tables.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Calculation Methods > Flow Device Pressure Drop Method

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Flow Device Pressure Drop Method

Open this window by pushing the Pressure Drop Method button on the flow device window. Use this window to determine how the flow device pressure drop is
calculated.

Flow Correlation
The Flow Code correlation used to calculate the pressure drop across the length of the flow device is selected from the drop-down list. The available and default
flow codes depend on the type of fluid selected for the simulation.
For more detailed information on the available flow codes and recommendations on when to use them, see Appendix A of the PIPEPHASE Input Manual. The
initial default for the Flow Code can be changed by pushing the Flow Correlations button on the Global Defaults window, which can be accessed, by pushing the
button.

Flow Efficiency
When trying to match field data, the most critical variable is the flow code. Other less important variables include the flow device roughness and the heat
transfer coefficient. When all other parameters still fail to match the field data, the Flow Efficiency can be used as a correction factor to force the calculations to
fit the data. The pressure drop across the flow device length is divided by the Flow Efficiency squared.

HW Coefficient
The Hazen-Williams flow code model can only be used with single-phase liquid fluids. The initial default for the HW Coefficient of 150 can be changed on the
Global Defaults window. To see how the HW Coefficient affects the pressure drop, see Appendix A of the PIPEPHASE Input Manual.

Palmer Corrections
Some of the Flow Codes such as the default BBM calculate the flow pattern of the multiphase fluid; see Chapter 7 of the PIPEPHASE Input Manual for more
information. These flow pattern models calculate the liquid fraction, or holdup, in the flow device and use this to determine the overall fluid density, friction
factor and overall pressure drop. Palmer Correction Factors adjust the liquid holdup for uphill and downhill sections of the flow device. The default values of
0.924 for uphill and 0.685 for downhill are only applicable to the BB and BBM flow codes. These defaults can be changed by pushing the Palmer Corrections
button on the Global Defaults window under the General menu.
OLGAS Options
The following options is applicable for OLGAS 2P and 3P methods:
· Special Water Correlation
· Dispersion Viscosity Calculation
· Water Droplet Entrainment Multiplier
· Water-cut at Oil-Water inversion Point
· Oil-Water Slip Calculation

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Calculation Methods > Heat Transfer

Heat Transfer
PIPEPHASE performs an energy balance on pipes, tubing, and annuli. The heat transfer depends on the fluid temperature, properties, and flowrate, the
temperature and properties of the surrounding medium, and the heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the medium. PIPEPHASE does not model heat
transfer to the surroundings for fittings and equipment devices (point devices).

Heat Transfer in Annuli

For annuli, you must specify an overall heat transfer coefficient.

Heat Transfer in Pipes and Tubing

For a pipe or tubing you may supply an overall coefficient or it may be calculated from the constituent film coefficients and geometries
For a pipe surrounded by soil, water, or air, you define the medium properties (and velocity of water or air). For a buried pipe, you enter the buried depth.
For tubings you enter data that describe the properties of the annuli and casings between the outside of the tubing and the inside of the hole.
See also Pipe Heat Transfer and Tubing Heat Transfer.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Calculation Methods > Network Calculation Methods

Network Calculation Methods

Open this window by selecting Calculation Methods... from the Input->Input ribbon bar. Use this window to control the way the network is calculated. Note that
the name of a link can affect how the network is calculated. This is discussed under the "Link Name" topic in the Link Data DEW.

Segmentation
Three methods are available:
· Calculated: This method is based on user-specified limits on the pressure and/or temperature change per segment.
· Calculated for Speed: This method is based on a single iteration model where the fluid properties are evaluated at the inlet of the flow device.
· Manual Segmentation: Allows the user to specify the flow device segment length, either directly, or through a user-specified number of segments.
By default, this option is set to Manual Segmentation method.

Network Algorithm
Specify the network solution algorithm.
· PBAL: Invokes the Pressure Balance algorithm. The initial estimate for the PBAL algorithm may be based on user-specified estimates (simple), an MBAL-
based estimate (rigorous), or from a restart file.
· MBAL: Invokes the Single Phase Algorithm.

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Note: MBAL can only be used with single phase gas or liquid systems.

Note: In GUI, for Network Data, RESET function is not supported.

Maximum Iterations
Maximum number of iterations for network convergence.

Pressure Tolerance
Maximum allowable PBAL error for network convergence [Minimum Tolerance = 0.00001 psi].

Shut In Unstable Wells

This check box calculates the minimum stable flow rate for all wells and ensures that wells that converge to a flowrate value below the calculated minimum are
shut-in

Tip: This algorithm can be time-consuming; use only when necessary.

Detailed Manifolds
Check this box to include all manifold junctions and links in the calculations and output reports. This option is not selected by default. If not checked, the inlet
junctions and manifold links are excluded from the calculations to simplify the network. These items are included when the inlet stream is sent to multiple outlet
ports.

Run From Log File

Check this box to run the calculations using the commands recorded in the log file. The log file contains a record of PIPEPHASE API calls that have been made
when this simulation is controlled by applications such as Excel or on-line operations. This feature is used to verify that the interface between external
applications and PIPEPHASE is operating correctly.

Segmenting Data...
This button brings up the Network Segmentation Data window and allows you to enter manual and calculated segmentation data.

Network Data...
This button brings up the Network Convergence Data window for the PBAL method or the Network Flow Balance Convergence Data window for MBAL method
and allows you to enter network simulation control data.

T/P Limits...
This button brings up the Temperature and Pressure Limits window for the specification of simulation pressure and temperature ranges

Speedup Options...
This button brings up the Calculation Speedup Options window and allows you to exercise various calculation speedup options.

Reservoir Interface Data

Push this button to open the Reservoir Simulator Interface Data window where you activate the reservoir interface for this simulation.

Adiabatic Sources
The Adiabatic Sources option allows you to fix the enthalpy of the source instead of the temperature. This option is allowed only for compositional models.

Shortpipe Algorithrm
For some problems, the pipes are so short or the pressure drops are so small, that the fluid physical properties change little from the beginning of a pipe to the
end. The Shortpipe Algorithm assumes that the physical properties do not change across the pipe length, removing the need for iterating on the physical
properties. This algorithm will run faster, but if the physical properties are not fairly constant, can produce an inaccurate solution. This option is allowed only for
mixed phase compositional models.

Sphering Analysis
Sphering or Pigging is used to increase gas flow efficiency in wet gas and gas dominated multiphase pipelines. PIPEPHASE’s sphering calculations predict the
quantity of liquid formed when a multiphase fluid flows in a pipeline and determine the size of the liquid slug that is pushed out when the pipe is pigged.
Sphering calculations can be carried out for single links. The launching station is at the inlet of a pipe. You may have intermediate launching stations; a sphere
is launched from a pipe when the previous sphere(s) reach the inlet of that pipe.
Use Subnetwork Methods
This option will allow networks to break into independent networks to reduce the size of the solution matrix and reduce the overall simulation time. This
network will be independent and fluid from a separator cannot be injected into a separate network. This is not a option for single link analysis such as, line
sizing.

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Miscellaneous > PIPEPHASE Configuration File

PIPEPHASE Configuration File

System settings for PIPEPHASE are stored in the file PIPEPHASE.INI which is located in the USER directory. Settings can be changed from the GUI using the File
menu’s Local Settings DEW. Some things are not available via the GUI and must be changed with an editor like NOTEPAD if you wish to change them. These are
shown below:

Examples:
· [wss_Security]
SecProd=PP (don’t change this)
Type=USB or TOKEN or FLEXLM95 or FLEXLM72 or FLEXNET11 or TOKENNET
· [OLGAS-Options]
SpecialWaterCorrelation=YES or NO
SelfAeration=YES or NO
DispersedFlowViscosityCalculation=0 or 1 or 2

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Miscellaneous > Results Database Field Definitions

Results Database Field Definitions

After running a simulation in PIPEPHASE, you can generate the Results Database from the Excel Window if you have set the Ability to Generate Excel
Database option to "FULL" in the Print Options window. The results database is a Microsoft Access Database with the name of the simulation. For example,
simulation TEST1.INP would produce TEST1.MDB.
The access database contains several tables defined below. This data is provided so that users can access the raw calculation results and manipulate it into the
format desired using the excel template provided with PIPEPHASE or other 3rd party software.

OUTPUT_UOMS Table
This table contains the unit of measure settings used to generate the numbers in all other database tables. Refer to the PIPEPHASE API appendix titled Unit
Classes and Unit Indexes for information about how to interpret these values.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

ClassID int UOM Class
ClassName char(16) Class Name
ClassIndexInput int Input UOM Index
UnitNameInput char(16) Input UOM Name
ClassIndexOutput int Output UOM Index
UnitNameOutput char(16) Output UOM Name
PRINT_OPTIONS Table
This table contains print options.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

ReportName char(20) Report Name
ReferenceName char(20) Reference Name (i.e. link name)
ReportLevel char(20) Report Level
NODES Table
This table contains commonly requested data for each node. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE
requested in the simulation.
Field Name Data Type Field Description
CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
NodeName char(12) Node Name
NodeID char(4) Node ID
NodeType char(4) Node Type
OptType char(10) Run Type
ShutFlag int Node Status (1 is closed)
FixedPres int Pressure Boundary Condition (1 is fixed)
FixedRate int Rate Boundary Condition (1 is fixed)
Press float Pressure
Temp float Temperature
QM_LIQ float Liquid Mass Flow Rate
QM_GAS float Gas Mass Flow Rate
QM_OIL float Oil Mass Flow Rate
QM_WAT float Water Mass Flow Rate
QM_TOT float Total Mass Flow Rate
QV_LIQ float Liquid Volumetric Flow Rate
QV_GAS float Gas Volumetric Flow Rate
QV_OIL float Oil Volumetric Flow Rate
QV_WAT float Water Volumetric Flow Rate
SPGR_GAS float Gas Specific Gravity
SPGR_OIL float Oil Specific Gravity
SPGR_WAT float Water Specific Gravity
GHV float Gross Heating Value
WOBBE float Wobbe Index
N2 float N2 Contaminant Percent
CO2 float CO2 Contaminant Percent
CO2 float H2S Contaminant Percent

LINKS Table
This table contains commonly requested data for each link. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE
requested in the simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
LinkName char(12) Link Name
LinkID char(4) Link ID
InOrOut char(4) Inlet or Outlet Identifier
NodeName char(12) Nodes Name
NodeID char(4) Nodes ID
ShutFlag int Node Status (1 is closed)

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FixPFlag int Pressure Boundary Condition (1 is fixed)

Pressure float Pressure
Temperature float Temperature
PressureDrop float Pressure Drop
QM_LIQ float Liquid Mass Flow Rate
QM_GAS float Gas Mass Flow Rate
QM_OIL float Oil Mass Flow Rate
QM_WAT float Water Mass Flow Rate
QM_TOT float Total Mass Flow Rate
QV_LIQ float Liquid Volumetric Flow Rate
QV_GAS float Gas Volumetric Flow Rate
QV_OIL float Oil Volumetric Flow Rate
QV_WAT float Water Volumetric Flow Rate
HL_LINK float Liquid Holdup
HG_LINK float Gas Holdup
SVOL1 float Sphere Volume
SVOL2 float Sphere Volume
DEVICES Table
This table contains a large amount of data for each device or device segment. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT
UNITS OF MEASURE requested in the simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
LinkID char(4) Link ID
LinkName char(12) Link Name
DeviceID char(4) Device ID
DeviceType char(30) Device Type
DeviceNumberInLink int Device number in the link
DeviceSegmentNumber int Segment number in the device
TotalDeviceSegmentNumber int Segment number in the link
DeviceIn_Out char(8) Inlet, Outlet or Segment Identifier
FLOWPAT char(4) Flow Pattern
TDFLOWPAT char(4) Taitel-Dukler Flow Pattern
HYDIND char(4) Hydrate Indicator
TotalXOffset float Total horizontal offset from start of link
TotalYOffset float Total vertical offset from start of link
TotalLength float Cumulative device length from start of link
SegmentLength float Segment length
SegmentElev float Segment elevation change
FluidType int Fluid Type
PhaseDesc int Phase Description
SEGMPI float Segment Input Pressure
SEGMTI float Segment Input Temperature
AMBTMP float Segment Ambient Temperature
SENTHG float Segment Gas Enthalpy
SENTHO float Segment Oil Enthalpy
SENTHW float Segment Water Enthalpy
SENTHL float Segment Liquid Enthalpy
SENTHM float Segment Mixture Enthalpy
SQUAL float Segment Quality
SGLR float Standard Segment GLR (blackoil)
SLGR float Standard Segment LGR (condensate)
SGDEN float Gas Density
SODEN float Oil Density
SWDEN float Water Density
SLDEN float Liquid Density
TPSDEN float Mixture Slip Density
TPNDEN float Mixture No-Slip Density
SPGGIN float Specific Gravity of Insitu Gas
SPGOIN float Specific Gravity of Insitu Gas

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SPGWIN float Specific Gravity of Insitu Water

ZFGIN float Z Factor of Insitu Gas
SIGMO float Surface Tension of Oil
SIGMW float Surface Tension of Water
SIGML float Surface Tension of Liquid
XKGAS float Gas Thermal Conductivity
XKOIL float Oil Thermal Conductivity
XKWAT float Water Thermal Conductivity
XKFLD float Fluid Thermal Conductivity
SCPGAS float Gas Specific Heat (Constant P)
SCPOIL float Oil Specific Heat
SCPWAT float Water Specific Heat
SCPMIX float Mixture Specific Heat
CPBYCV float Cp/Cv for the Gas
AVSGG float Average Specific Gravity of Gas in Link
AVSGL float Average Specific Gravity of Liquid in Link
SGVIS float Gas Viscosity
SOVIS float Oil Viscosity
SWVIS float Water Viscosity
SLVIS float Liquid Viscosity
FRVIS float Friction Mixture Viscosity
FRDEN float Friction Mixture Density
SVGASR float Standard Gas Volumetric Rate
SVOILR float Standard Oil Volumetric Rate
SVWATR float Standard Water Volumetric Rate
SVLIQR float Standard Liquid Volumetric Rate
SMGASR float Gas Mass Flow Rate
SMOILR float Oil Mass Flow Rate
SMWATR float Water Mass Flow Rate
SMLIQR float Liquid Mass Flow Rate
SMMIXR float Mixture Mass Flow Rate
AVGASR float Actual Gas Volumetric Rate
AVOILR float Actual Oil Volumetric Rate
AVWATR float Actual Water Volumetric Rate
AVLIQR float Actual Liquid Volumetric Rate
AVMIXR float Actual Mixture Volumetric Rate
SVSG float Superficial Gas Velocity
SVSL float Superficial Liquid Velocity
SVELG float Gas Velocity
SVELL float Liquid Velocity
SVELM float Mixture Velocity
SVMFR float Mixture Friction Velocity
SHLNS float No-Slip Holdup
SHLS float Slip Holdup
CUMHGP float Cumulative Gas Holdup
CUMHLP float Cumulative Liquid Holdup
CUMHGM float Mass of Cumulative Gas
CUMHLM float Mass of Cumulative Liquid
CMHGST float Standard Volume of Cumulative
SREYN float Friction Reynolds Number
SFRF float Friction Factor
SGRADF float Friction Gradient
SGRADE float Elevation Gradient
SGRADA float Acceleration Gradient
AGRADT float Total Gradient
PDROPF float Friction Pressure Drop
PDROPE float Elevation Pressure Drop
VELSON float Sonic Velocity
PDROPT float Total Pressure Drop
XDELX float Segment Length
AINCLO float Angle-of-Inclination

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float Required Power or Power for Multi Stage Compressor

AVPOWER float Available Power
EFF float Efficiency
STAGES float Number of Stages
AVSTAGES float Number of Available Stages
SPEED float Calculated Speed
DENHEAD float Density for Head Calculations
HEAD float Head BINREL (40)
AVGHP float AVGHP per Stage for MCOM BINREL (41)
DUTY float Required Duty for Heater/Cooler
AVDUTY float Available Duty for Heater/Cooler
SEPGRI float Separator Gas Rate In
SEPGRO float Separator Gas Rate Out
SEPORI float Separator Gas Rate In
SEPORO float Separator Gas Rate Out
SEPWRI float Separator Gas Rate In
SEPWRO float Separator Gas Rate Out
RATE float Set Rate for Sales/Inj
SETPRES float Set Pressure
PI float Reservoir PI
SETTEMP float Set Temperature
FETEXP float Fetcofich Exponent
COEF float Coefficient for Choke/Check/Gas lift
CRITFLAG float CRIT Flag for Chokes
GLDIS float Fraction of Gas Dissolved
GLFLOW float Gas Lift Gas Flow Rate
GLGLRIN float Gas Lift Inlet GLR
GLGLROUT float Gas Lift Outlet GLR
SHTDEN float Perforation Shot Density
CMPTUN float Tunnel Length
CMPERM float Completion Permeability
CMPENE float Completion Penetration Depth
CMPINT float Perforate Interval Length
DP float Pressure Change
DT float Temperature Change
AGLR float In-Situ Segment GLR (blackoil)
ALGR float In-Situ Segment LGR (Condensate)
PHASE_ELV Table
This table contains data for the phase envelopes. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE requested
in the simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
LinkName char(12) Link Name
LinkID char(4) Link ID
Pressure float Pressure
Temperature float Temperature
idCode int Identification Code
HYDRATES Table
This table contains a data for the hydrate calculations. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE
requested in the simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
NodeName char(12) Node Name
NodeID char(4) NodeID
InhibName char(12) Inhibitor Name
ConcInhib float Inhibitor Concentration
Pressure float Pressure

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Temperature float Temperature

InhibCode char(12) Inhibitor Code
FLOW_MAP Table
This table contains data for the flow regime maps. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE requested
in the simulation.

CaseNumber int Case Number

TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
LinkName char(12) Link Name
LinkID char(4) Link ID
x_vsg float Superficial Gas Velocity
y_vsl float Superficial Liquid Velocity
FlowRegCode char(1) Flow Regime Code
SEPA Table
This table contains data for separator devices. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE requested in
the simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
SepaName char(4) Separator Name
PropName char(16) Property Name
ExtraName char(4) Extra Name
Press float Pressure
Temp float Temperature
FluidIn float Mass of Fluid In
FluidOut float Mass of Fluid Out
FluidRemoved float Mass of Fluid Removed
FLASH_DATA Table
This table contains data for flash reports. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE requested in the
simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber Int Case Number
TimeStep Int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
NodeName char(12) Node Name
NodeID char(4) NodeID
PropName char(16) Property Name
ExtraName char(4) Extra Name
Press float Pressure
Temp float Temperature
Liquid1 float Value for Liquid1
VapLiq1 float Value for VapLiq1
Liquid2 float Value for Liquid2
Total float Value for Total
RESERVOIR Table
This table contains reservoir data. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE requested in the
simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
ResName char(8) Reservoir Name
NodeName char(12) Node Name
NodeID char(4) NodeID
Press float Pressure
Temp float Temperature
QV_OIL float Volume of Oil Produced
QV_ WAT float Volume of Water Produced
QV_ GAS float Volume of Gas Produced
Q_CUM float Total Fluid Produced

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UOM_QCUM int UOM class for Total Fluid Produced

SHUTFLAG int Reservoir Status
OPTIM Table
This table contains optimization data. Note that the units of measure for each data type corresponds to the OUTPUT UNITS OF MEASURE requested in the
simulation.

Field Name Data Type Field Description

CaseNumber int Case Number
TimeStep int Time Step Time
OptType char(16) Optimization Description
SpecType char(12) Specification Type
SpecName char(12) Specification Name
SpecData char(12) Specification Data
SpecUnits char(12) Specification Units
rLower float Lower Boundary
rValue float Current Value
rUpper float Upper Boundary
rChange float Change in Value
rShadow float Shadow Value
rError float Error in Constraint or Tuning
rTarget float Target Value for Tuning Optimization

PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Miscellaneous > PIPEPHASE Output and Working Files

PIPEPHASE Output and Working Files

PIPEPHASE simulation results are stored in the compressed .IPZIP file which is managed by the PIPEPHASE GUI. The initialization file FILELIST.INI, located in
the PIPEPHASE\BIN directory, allows you to customize the compression of the files. Files with extensions listed in ‘FILELIST.INI’ are included in the .IPZIP file.
Most of the files are removed from the directory once they are compressed, but you may opt to keep a copy of the file in the directory. For example, the line
“.out, n” requests that .out file be included in the .IPZIP file with a copy kept in the directory.

Note: The .PPZIP file should not be renamed from any application outside PIPEPHASE GUI. To ensure that all of the compressed files related to the simulation
are renamed you should use the “File / Save As” option to rename the file.

Summary of PIPEPHASE Output and Working Files

File Extension File Definition

.INP Keyword Input File
.OUT, .BEG, END, .OPT ASCII Output Reports
.MDB Access Results Database
.XLS Excel Output Report
.PVT PVT table data (file names may differ from base simulation)
.P2I PRO/II stream data file
VER VFP tables
.CLC Calculator files (file names may differ from base simulation)
.UNS, .RST Restart files for unsolved and solved simulations
Text files containing simulation results viewed from the
.GR1, .GR2, .GR3, .GR4, .GR5
PIPEPHASE PFD
.BIN, .BNN Binary files used to create the Results Database
.IRX, .SRX, .THO Subset of output reports
.BCH File list for batch runs
.RAS, .PP2, .PP3 Work files for RAS
.PPV, .DBF, .CDX, .DBZ Database files
.LOG PIPEPHASE log file
.CMP, .TLI, .GEO, .JOB, .MSH, .REP, .RTT, .SC1, .SC2, .SCE, .STO, .THE, .TIT, .TN, .TOP, TV,
TACITE working and result files
.TXN, .TXV, XN, .XV
_Status.csv, _con.err, _con.csv Files for network utilities used to remap the network

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PIPEPHASE Pipeline Network Design 2021 GUI > Miscellaneous > SimSci Help Desk

SimSci Help Desk

If you need assistance using PIPEPHASE, help is available from AVEVA help desk support at https://softwaresupport.aveva.com
When contacting the Help Desk, please make sure that you include:
· Name and Company
· Phone Number
· Fax Number
· Product Version Number
Problem Description, including any error messages that you received and the steps necessary to duplicate the problem.
If possible, please include an electronic copy of the simulation file that was saved to disk by the program.

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