Lab 5: HTTP Web Proxy Server

In this lab, you will learn how web proxy servers work and one of their basic functionalities –
caching.

Your task is to develop a small web proxy server which is able to cache web pages. It is a very simple
proxy server which only understands simple GET-requests, but is able to handle all kinds of objects -
not just HTML pages, but also images.

Generally, when the client makes a request, the request is sent to the web server. The web server then
processes the request and sends back a response message to the requesting client. In order to improve
the performance we create a proxy server between the client and the web server. Now, both the
request message sent by the client and the response message delivered by the web server pass through
the proxy server. In other words, the client requests the objects via the proxy server. The proxy server
will forward the client’s request to the web server. The web server will then generate a response
message and deliver it to the proxy server, which in turn sends it to the client.

Request Request
Proxy Web
Client
Server Server
Response Response

Code
Below you will find the skeleton code for the client. You are to complete the skeleton code. The places
where you need to fill in code are marked with #Fill in start and #Fill in end. Each place may
require one or more lines of code.

Running the Proxy Server

Run the proxy server program using your command prompt and then request a web page from your
browser. Direct the requests to the proxy server using your IP address and port number.

For e.g. http://localhost:8888/www.google.com

To use the proxy server with browser and proxy on separate computers, you will need the IP address
on which your proxy server is running. In this case, while running the proxy, you will have to replace
the “localhost” with the IP address of the computer where the proxy server is running. Also note the
port number used. You will replace the port number used here “8888” with the port number you have
used in your server code at which your proxy server is listening.

Configuring your Browser

You can also directly configure your web browser to use your proxy. This depends on your browser.
In Internet Explorer, you can set the proxy in Tools > Internet Options > Connections tab > LAN
Settings. In Netscape (and derived browsers such as Mozilla), you can set the proxy in Tools >
Options > Advanced tab > Network tab > Connection Settings. In both cases you need to give the
address of the proxy and the port number that you gave when you ran the proxy server. You should be
able to run the proxy and the browser on the same computer without any problem. With this approach,
to get a web page using the proxy server, you simply provide the URL of the page you want.

For e.g. http://www.google.com

What to Hand in
You will hand in the complete proxy server code and screenshots at the client side verifying that you
indeed get the web page via the proxy server.
Skeleton Python Code for the Proxy Server
from socket import *

import sys

if len(sys.argv) <= 1:

print('Usage : "python ProxyServer.py server_ip"\n[server_ip : It is the IP

Address Of Proxy Server')

sys.exit(2)

# Create a server socket, bind it to a port and start listening

tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

# Fill in start.

# Fill in end.

while 1:

# Strat receiving data from the client

print('Ready to serve...')

tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()

print('Received a connection from:', addr)

message = # Fill in start. # Fill in end.

print(message)

# Extract the filename from the given message

print(message.split()[1])

filename = message.split()[1].partition("/")[2]

print(filename)

fileExist = "false"

filetouse = "/" + filename

print(filetouse)

try:
 # Check wether the file exist in the cache

f = open(filetouse[1:], "r")

outputdata = f.readlines()

fileExist = "true"

# ProxyServer finds a cache hit and generates a response message

tcpCliSock.send("HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n")

tcpCliSock.send("Content-Type:text/html\r\n")

# Fill in start.

# Fill in end.

print('Read from cache')

# Error handling for file not found in cache

except IOError:

if fileExist == "false":

# Create a socket on the proxyserver

c = # Fill in start. # Fill in end.

hostn = filename.replace("www.","",1)

print(hostn)

try:

# Connect to the socket to port 80

# Fill in start.

# Fill in end.

# Create a temporary file on this socket and ask port 80

for the file requested by the client

fileobj = c.makefile('r', 0)

fileobj.write("GET "+"http://" + filename + "

HTTP/1.0\n\n")

# Read the response into buffer

# Fill in start.
 # Fill in end.

# Create a new file in the cache for the requested file.

# Also send the response in the buffer to client socket

and the corresponding file in the cache

tmpFile = open("./" + filename,"wb")

# Fill in start.

# Fill in end.

except:

print("Illegal request")

else:

# HTTP response message for file not found

# Fill in start.

# Fill in end.

# Close the client and the server sockets

tcpCliSock.close()

# Fill in start.

# Fill in end.

Optional Exercises
1. Currently the proxy server does no error handling. This can be a problem especially when the
client requests an object which is not available, since the "404 Not found" response usually has no
response body and the proxy assumes there is a body and tries to read it.
2. The simple proxy server supports only HTTP GET method. Add support for POST, by including
the request body sent in the POST-request.
3. Caching: A typical proxy server will cache the web pages each time the client makes a particular
request for the first time. The basic functionality of caching works as follows. When the proxy
gets a request, it checks if the requested object is cached, and if yes, it returns the object from the
cache, without contacting the server. If the object is not cached, the proxy retrieves the object
from the server, returns it to the client and caches a copy for future requests. In practice, the proxy
server must verify that the cached responses are still valid and that they are the correct responses
to the client's requests. You can read more about caching and how it is handled in HTTP in RFC
2068. Add the simple caching functionality described above. You do not need to implement any
replacement or validation policies. Your implementation, however, will need to be able to write
responses to the disk (i.e., the cache) and fetch them from the disk when you get a cache hit. For
this you need to implement some internal data structure in the proxy to keep track of which
objects are cached and where they are on the disk. You can keep this data structure in main
memory; there is no need to make it persist across shutdowns.