Chapter 1

Overall Requirements

1. SCOPE:

This Part applies to the control of gaseous and particulate pollutants, useful life of
emission control devices and on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems of all motor
vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines and to the gaseous
pollutants, useful life, and on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems of all motor
vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or LPG,
with the exception of those vehicles of category M1, with a technically
permissible maximum laden mass less than or equal to 3,500 kg and of
compression-ignition engines of those vehicles of category N1, N2 and M2 and of
positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or LPG of those vehicles of
category N1 for which type-approval has been granted under Part XIV – of
MoSRTH/CMVR/TAP 115-116 under, sub-rule 15 of CMV-Rule 115.

2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS :

For the purposes of this part the following definitions shall apply:

2.1 "Approval of an engine (engine family)" means the approval of an engine

type (engine family) with regard to the level of the emission of gaseous and
particulate pollutants.

2.2 “Auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS)” means an emission control

strategy that becomes active or that modifies the base emission control strategy
for a specific purpose or purposes and in response to a specific set of ambient
and/or operating conditions, e.g. vehicle speed, engine speed, gear used, intake
temperature, or intake pressure.

2.3 “Base emission control strategy (BECS)” means an emission control

strategy that is active throughout the speed and load operating range of the
engine unless an AECS is activated. Examples for BECS are, but are not limited
to:
- Engine timing map
- EGR map
- SCR catalyst reagent dosing map

2.4 “Combined de NOX-particulate filter” means an exhaust after treatment

system designed to concurrently reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX)
and particulate pollutants (PT).

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2.5 “Continuous regeneration” means the regeneration process of an exhaust
after treatment system that occurs either permanently or at least once per ETC
test. Such a regeneration process will not require a special test procedure.

2.6 “Control area” means the area between the engine speeds A and C and
between 25 to 100 per cent load.

2.7 "Declared maximum power (Pmax)" means the maximum power in kW (net
power) as declared by the manufacturer in his application for type-approval.

2.8 “Defeat strategy” means:

- An AECS that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control relative to

the BECS under conditions that may reasonably be expected to be
encountered in normal vehicle operation and use

- A BECS that discriminates between operation on a standardized type-

approval test and other operations and provides a lesser level of emission
control under conditions not substantially included in the applicable type-
approval test procedures or,

- An OBD or an emission control monitoring strategy that discriminates

between operation on a standardised type-approval test and other
operations and provides a lower level of monitoring capability (timely and
accurately) under conditions not substantially included in the applicable
type-approval test procedures.

2.9 “De NOX system” means an exhaust after treatment system designed to
reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) (e.g. there are presently passive
and active lean NOX catalysts, NOX adsorbers and Selective Catalytic Reduction
(SCR) systems).

2.10 “Delay time” means the time between the change of the component to be
measured at the reference point and a system response of 10 % of the final
reading (t10). For the gaseous components, this is basically the transport time of
the measured component from the sampling probe to the detector. For the delay
time, the sampling probe is defined as the reference point.

2.11 "Diesel engine" means an engine, which works on the compression-ignition

principle.

2.12 "ELR test" means a test cycle consisting of a sequence of load steps at
constant engine speeds to be applied in accordance with section 6.2 of this
chapter.

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2.13 "ESC test" means a test cycle consisting of 13 steady state modes to be
applied in accordance with section 6.2 of this chapter.

2.14 "ETC test" means a test cycle consisting of 1800 second-by-second

transient modes to be applied in accordance with section 6.2 of this chapter.

2.15 “Element of design” means in respect of a vehicle or engine,

- Any control system, including computer software, electronic control

systems and computer logic,
- Any control system calibrations,
- The result of systems interaction,
or
- Any hardware items.

2.16 “Emissions-related defect” means a deficiency or deviation from normal

production tolerances in design, materials or workmanship in a device, system or
assembly that affects any parameter, specification or component belonging to the
emission control system. A missing component may be considered to be an
“emissions-related defect”.

2.17 “Emission control strategy (ECS)” means an element or set of elements

of design that is incorporated into the overall design of an engine system or
vehicle for the purposes of controlling exhaust emissions that includes one BECS
and one set of AECS.

2.18 ”Emission control system” means the exhaust after treatment system, the
electronic management controller(s) of the engine system and any emission-
related component of the engine system in the exhaust which supplies an input
to or receives an output from this (these) controller(s), and when applicable the
communication interface (hardware and messages) between the engine system
electronic control unit(s) (EECU) and any other power train or vehicle control unit
with respect to emissions management.

2.19 “Emission control monitoring system” means the system that ensures
correct operation of the NOX control measures implemented in the engine system
according to the requirements of section 6.5 of this chapter.

2.20 “Emission default mode” means an AECS activated in the case of a

malfunction of the ECS detected by the OBD system that results in the MI being
activated and that does not require an input from the failed component or system.

2.21 “Engine-after treatment system family” means, for testing over a service
accumulation schedule to establish deterioration factors according to chapter VII
of this part relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous
and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles,

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and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive ignition engines fuelled with
natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles, a manufacturer’s
grouping of engines that comply with the definition of engine family but which are
further grouped into engines utilizing a similar exhaust after-treatment system.

2.22 “Engine system” means the engine, the emission control system and the
communication interface (hardware and messages) between the engine system
electronic control unit(s) (EECU) and any other power train or vehicle control unit.

2.23 “Engine family” means a manufacturers grouping of engine systems

which, through their design as defined in Chapter II of this part, have similar
exhaust emission characteristics; all members of the family must comply with the
applicable emission limit values.

2.24 "Engine operating speed range" means the engine speed range, most
frequently used during engine field operation, which lies between the low and
high speeds, as set out in Chapter III to this Document.

2.25 "Engine speeds A, B and C" means the test speeds within the engine
operating speed range to be used for the ESC test and the ELR test, as set out in
chapter III, Appendix 1 of this part.

2.26 “Engine setting” means a specific engine/vehicle configuration that

includes the emission control strategy (ECS), one single engine performance
rating (the type-approved full-load curve) and, if used, one set of torque limiters.

2.27 "Engine type" means a category of engines, which do not differ in such
essential respects as engine characteristics as defined in chapter II of this part.

2.28 “Exhaust after treatment system” means a catalyst (oxidation or 3-way),

particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter or any other
emission-reducing device that is installed downstream of the engine. This
definition excludes exhaust gas recirculation, which, where fitted, is considered
an integral part of the engine system.

2.29 “Gas engine” means a positive-ignition engine, which is fuelled with natural
gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

2.30 “Gaseous pollutants” means carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (assuming

a ratio of CH1,85 for diesel, CH2,525 for LPG and CH2,93 for NG (NMHC) and an
assumed molecule CH3O0,5 for ethanol-fuelled diesel engines), methane
(assuming a ratio of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen, the last-named being
expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent.

2.31 “High speed (nhi)” means the highest engine speed where 70 % of the
declared maximum power occurs in case of diesel engines.

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2.32 “Low speed (nlo)” means the lowest engine speed where 50 % of the
declared maximum power occurs.

2.33 “Major functional failure” means a permanent or temporary malfunction of

any exhaust after treatment system that is expected to result in an immediate or
delayed increase of the gaseous or particulate emissions of the engine system
and which cannot be properly estimated by the OBD system. Section 3.2.3.1 of
chapter VIII provides for the monitoring for major functional failure instead of
monitoring for the degradation or the loss of catalytic / filtering efficiency of an
exhaust after treatment system. Examples of major functional failure are given in
sections 3.2.3.2 and 3.2.3.3 of chapter VIII to this part.

2.34 “malfunction” means:

- Any deterioration or failure, including electrical failures, of the emission

control system, that would result in emissions exceeding the OBD
threshold limits or, when applicable, in failing to reach the range of
functional performance of the exhaust after treatment system where the
emission of any regulated pollutant would exceed the OBD threshold
limits.

- Any case where the OBD system is not able to fulfill the monitoring
requirements of this part.

A manufacturer may nevertheless consider a deterioration or failure that

would result in emissions not exceeding the OBD threshold limits as a
malfunction.

2.35 “Malfunction indicator (MI)” means a visual indicator that clearly informs
the driver of the vehicle in the event of a malfunction in the sense of this part.

2.36 “Multi-setting engine” means an engine containing more than one engine
setting.

2.37 "NG gas range" means one of the H or L range as defined in European
Standard EN 437, dated November 1993.

2.38 "Net power" means the power in kW obtained on the test bench at the end
of the crankshaft, or its equivalent, measured in accordance with the method of
measuring power as set out in part IV of MoSRTH/CMVR/TAP-115/116.

2.39 “OBD” means an on-board diagnostic system for emission control, which
has the capability of detecting the occurrence of a malfunction and of identifying
the likely area of malfunction by means of fault codes stored in computer
memory.

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2.40 “OBD-engine family” means, for type-approval of the OBD system
according to the requirements of Chapter VIII this Part, a manufacturer’s
grouping of engine systems having common OBD system design parameters
according to section 8 of this chapter.

2.41 "Opacimeter" means an instrument designed to measure the opacity of

smoke particles by means of the light extinction principle.

2.42 “Parent engine” means an engine selected from an engine family in such a
way that its emissions characteristics will be representative for that engine family.

2.43 “Particulate after treatment device” means an exhaust after treatment

system designed to reduce emissions of particulate pollutants (PT) through a
mechanical, aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation.

2.44 "Particulate pollutants" means any material collected on a specified filter

medium after diluting the exhaust with clean filtered air so that the temperature
does not exceed 325°K (52 °C).

2.45 "Percent load" means the fraction of the maximum available torque at an
engine speed.

2.46 “Periodic regeneration” means the regeneration process of an emission

control device that occurs periodically in less than 100 hours of normal engine
operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards can be
exceeded.

2.47 “Power take-off unit” means an engine-driven output device for the
purposes of powering auxiliary, vehicle mounted equipment.

2.48 “Reagent” means any medium that is stored on-board the vehicle in a tank
and provided to the exhaust after treatment system (if required) upon request of
the emission control system.

2.49 "Recalibration" means a fine-tuning of an NG engine in order to provide the

same performance (power, fuel consumption) in a different range of natural gas.

2.50 "Reference speed (nref)" means the 100 per cent speed value to be used
for denormalising the relative speed values of the ETC test, as set out in chapter
III, Appendix 2 of this part.

2.51 “Response time” means the difference in time between a rapid change of
the component to be measured at the reference point and the appropriate
change in the response of the measuring system whereby the change of the
measured component is at least 60 % FS and takes place in less than 0,1

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second. The system response time (t90) consists of the delay time to the system
and of the rise time of the system (see also ISO 16183).

2.52 “Rise time” means the time between the 10 % and 90 % response of the
final reading (t90 - t10). This is the instrument response after the component to be
measured has reached the instrument. For the rise time, the sampling probe is
defined as the reference point.

2.53 "Self adaptability" means any engine device allowing the air/fuel ratio to be
kept constant.

2.54 "Smoke" means particles suspended in the exhaust stream of a diesel

engine, which absorb, reflect, or refract light.

2.55 "Test Cycle" means a sequence of test points each with a defined speed
and torque to be followed by the engine under steady state (ESC test) or
transient operating conditions (ETC, ELR test).

2.56 “Torque limiter” means a device that temporarily limits the maximum
torque of the engine.

2.57 “Transformation time” means the time between the change of the
component to be measured at the sampling probe and a system response of 50
% of the final reading (t50). The transformation time is used for the signal
alignment of different measurement instruments.

2.58 “useful life” means, for vehicles and engines that are type-approved to BS4
emission norms, the relevant period of distance and/or time that is defined
section 5 of Chapter VII of this Part over which compliance with the relevant
gaseous, particulate and smoke emission limits has to be assured as part of the
type-approval.

2.59 "Wobbe Index (lower Wl; or upper Wu)" means the ratio of the
corresponding calorific value of a gas per unit volume and the square root of its
relative density under the same reference conditions.

W= Hgas ×(ρair/ρgas)0.5

2.60 "λ shift factor (Sλ)” means an expression that describes the required
flexibility of the engine management system regarding a change of the excess-air
ratio λ if the engine is fuelled with a gas composition different from pure methane
(see section 4 of chapter 6 for the calculation of Sλ).

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2.2. Symbols, abbreviations and international standards

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2.2.2 Symbols for the Chemical Components
CH4 Methane
C2H6 Ethane
C2H5OH Ethanol
C3H8 Propane
CO Carbon monoxide
DOP Di-octylphtalate
CO2 Carbon dioxide
HC Hydrocarbons
NMHC Non-methane hydrocarbons
NOX Oxides of nitrogen
NO Nitric oxide
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
PT Particulates

2.2.3 Abbreviations
CFV Critical flow venturi
CLD Chemiluminescent detector
ELR European load response test
ESC European steady state cycle
ETC European transient cycle
FID Flame ionisation detector
GC Gas chromatograph
HCLD Heated chemiluminescent detector
HFID Heated flame ionization detector
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas
NDIR Non-dispersive infrared analyser
NG Natural gas
NMC Non-methane cutter

2.2.4. Symbols for the fuel composition

WALF hydrogen content of fuel, % mass
WBET carbon content of fuel, % mass
WGAM sulphur content of fuel, % mass
WDEL nitrogen content of fuel, % mass
WEPS oxygen content of fuel, % mass
α molar hydrogen ratio (H/C)
β molar carbon ratio (C/C)
γ molar sulphur ratio (S/C)
δ molar nitrogen ratio (N/C)
ε molar oxygen ratio (O/C)

Referring to a fuel CβHαOεNδSγ

β = 1 for carbon based fuels, β = 0 for hydrogen fuel.

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3. APPLICATION FOR TYPE-APPROVAL

3.1 As per AIS 007 (as ammended from time to time) to be submitted to Test
Agencies.

4. TYPE-APPROVAL:

4.1 Granting of a universal fuel type-approval:

A universal fuel type-approval is granted subject to the following requirements:

4.1.1 In the case of diesel fuel, the parent engine meets the requirements of this
part on the reference fuel specified in chapter IV of this part.

4.1.2 In the case of natural gas, the parent engine demonstrates its capability
to adapt to any fuel composition that may occur across the market. In the case of
natural gas there are generally two types of fuel, high calorific fuel (H-gas) and
low calorific fuel (L-gas), but with a significant spread within both ranges; they
differ significantly in their energy content expressed by the Wobbe Index and in
their shift factor (Sλ). The formulae for the calculation of the Wobbe index and Sλ
are given in sections 2.58 and 2.59 of this chapter. Natural gases with a λ-shift
factor between 0,89 and 1,08 (0,89 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1,08) are considered to belong to H-
range, while natural gases with a λ-shift factor between 1,08 and 1,19 (1,08 ≤ Sλ
≤ 1,19) are considered to belong to L-range. The composition of the reference
fuels reflects the extreme variations of Sλ.

The parent engine shall meet the requirements of this part on the reference fuels
GR and G25 as specified in chapter IV of this part, without any readjustment to the
fuelling between the two tests. However, one adaptation run over one ETC cycle
without measurement is permitted after the change of the fuel. Before testing, the
parent engine shall be run-in using the procedure given in paragraph 3 of
Appendix 2 to Chapter III.

4.1.2.1 On the manufacturer's request the engine may be tested on a third fuel
(fuel 3) if the λ-shift factor (Sλ) lies between 0,89 (i.e. the lower range of GR) and
1,19 (i.e. the upper range of G25) for example when fuel 3 is a market fuel. The
results of this test may be used as a basis for the evaluation of the conformity of
the production.

4.1.3 In the case of an engine fuelled with natural gas which is self-adaptive for
the range of H-gases on the one hand and the range of L-gases on the other
hand, and which switches between the H-range and the L-range by means of a
switch, the parent engine shall be tested on the two relevant reference fuels as
specified in chapter IV of this part for each range, at each position of the switch.
The fuels are GR (fuel 1) and G23 (fuel 3) for the H-range of gases, and G25 (fuel
2) and G23 (fuel 3) for the L-range of gases. The parent engine shall meet the

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requirements of this part at both positions of the switch without any readjustment
to the fuelling between the two tests at each position of the switch. However, one
adaptation run over one ETC cycle without measurement is permitted after the
change of the fuel. Before testing the parent engine shall be run-in using the
procedure given in section 3 of appendix 2 to chapter III of this part.

4.1.3.1 On the manufacturer's request the engine may be tested on a third fuel
instead of G23 (fuel 3) if the λ-shift factor (Sλ) lies between 0,89 (i.e. the lower
range of GR) and 1,19 (i.e. the Upper range of G25), for example when fuel 3 is a
market fuel. The results of this test may be used as a basis for the evaluation of
the conformity of the production.

4.1.4 In case of Natural Gas engines, the ratio of emission results "r" shall be
determined for each pollutant as follows:

r= emission result on reference fuel 2

emission result on reference fuel 1

or,

ra = emission result on reference fuel 2

emission result on reference fuel 3

and,

rb = emission result on reference fuel 1

emission result on reference fuel 3

4.1.5 In the case of LPG the parent engine should demonstrate its capability to
adapt to any fuel composition that may occur across the market. In the case of
LPG there are variations in C3/C4 composition. These variations are reflected in
the reference fuels. The parent engine should meet the emission requirements
on the reference fuels A and B as specified in chapter IV of this part without any
readjustment to the fuelling between the two tests. However, one adaptation run
over one ETC cycle without measurement is permitted after the change of the
fuel. Before testing, the parent engine shall be run-in using the procedure given
in section 3 of chapter III of this part.

4.1.4.1.The ratio of emission results "r" shall be determined for each pollutant as
follows:

r= emission result on reference fuel B

emission result on reference fuel A

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4.2. Granting of a fuel range restricted type-approval:

Till the availability of reference fuel the engines will be tested with available
commercial Fuel. However, if tested with commercial fuel section 4.2 of this
Chapter is not applicable. Fuel range restricted type-approval is granted subject
to the following requirements:

4.2.1 Exhaust emissions approval of an engine running on natural gas and laid
out for operation on either the range of H-gases or on the range of L-gases.

The parent engine shall be tested on the two relevant reference fuels as
specified in chapter IV of this part for the relevant range. The fuels are GR (fuel 1)
and G23 (fuel 3) for the H-range of gases and G25 (fuel 2) and G23 (fuel 3) for the
L-range of gases. The parent engine shall meet the emission requirements
without any readjustment to the fuelling between the two tests. However, one
adaptation run over one ETC cycle without measurement is permitted after the
change of the fuel. Before testing, the parent engine shall be run-in using the
procedure given in paragraph 3 of Appendix 2 to Chapter III.

4.2.1.1 On the manufacturer's request it may be tested on a third fuel instead of

G23 (fuel 3) if the λ-shift factor (Sλ) lies between 0.89 (i.e. the lower range of GR)
and 1.19 (i.e. the upper range of G25), for example when fuel 3 is a market fuel.
The results of this test may be used as a basis for the evaluation of the
conformity of the production.

4.2.1.2 The ratio of emission results "r" shall be determined for each pollutant as
follows:

r= emission result on reference fuel 2

emission result on reference fuel 1
or,

ra = emission result on reference fuel 2

emission result on reference fuel 3

and,

rb = emission result on reference fuel 1

emission result on reference fuel 3

4.2.1.3 Upon delivery to the customer the engine shall bear a label (see section
5.1.5 of this chapter) stating for which range of gases the engine is approved.

4.2.2 Exhaust emissions approval of an engine running on natural gas or LPG

and laid out for operation on one specific fuel composition.

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4.2.2.1 The parent engine shall meet the emission requirements on the reference
fuels GR and G25 in the case of natural gas, or the reference fuels A and B in the
case of LPG, as specified in chapter IV of this part. Between the tests fine-tuning
of the fuelling system is allowed. This fine-tuning will consist of a recalibration of
the fuelling database, without any alteration to either the basic control strategy or
the basic structure of the database. If necessary the exchange of parts that are
directly related to the amount of fuel flow (such as injector nozzles) is allowed.

4.2.2.2 If the manufacturer so desires the engine may be tested on the reference
fuels GR and G23, or on the reference fuel G25 and G23, in which case the type
approval is only valid for the H-range or the L-range of gases respectively.

4.2.2.3 Upon delivery to the customer the engine shall bear a label (see section
of this chapter) stating for which fuel composition the engine has been calibrated.

4.3 Exhaust emissions approval of a member of a family

4.3.1 With the exception of the case mentioned in paragraph 4.3.2, the approval
of a parent engine shall be extended to all family members without further
testing, for any fuel composition within the range for which the parent engine has
been approved (in the case of engines described in paragraph 4.2.2) or the same
range of fuels (in the case of engines described in either paragraphs 4.1 or 4.2)
for which the parent engine has been approved.

4.3.2 Secondary test engine

In case of an application for type-approval of an engine, or a vehicle in respect of
its engine, that engine belonging to an engine family, if the technical service
determines that, with regard to the selected parent engine the submitted
application does not fully represent the engine family defined in this chapter, an
alternative and if necessary an additional reference test engine may be selected
by the technical service and tested.

5. ENGINE MARKINGS:

5.1. The engine approved as a technical unit must bear:

5.1.1 The trademark or trade name of the manufacturer of the engine.

5.1.2 The manufacturer's commercial description.

5.1.3. Declared maximum power.

5.1.4. In case of an NG engine one of the following markings to be placed after

the type approval number:

- H in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for the H-range of

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 gases.

- L in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for the L-range of
gases.

- HL in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for both the H
range and L-range of gases.

- Ht in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific gas
composition in the H-range of gases and transformable to another specific
gas in the H-range of gases by fine tuning of the engine fuelling;

- Lt in case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific gas
composition in the L-range of gases and transformable to another specific
gas in the L-range of gases after fine-tuning of the engine fuelling;

- HLt in the case of the engine being approved and calibrated for a specific
gas composition in either the H-range or the L-range of gases and
transformable to another specific gas in either the H-range or the L-
range of gases by fine-tuning of the engine fuelling.

5.1.5. Labels
In the case of NG and LPG fuelled engines with a fuel range restricted type
approval, the following labels are applicable:

5.1.5.1. Content

The following information must be given:

In the case of section 4.2.1.3 of this chapter, the label shall state "ONLY FOR
USE WITH NATURAL GAS RANGE H". If applicable, "H" is replaced by "L".

In the case of paragraph 4.2.2.3, the label shall state "ONLY FOR USE WITH
NATURAL GAS SPECIFICATION..." or "ONLY FOR USE WITH LIQUEFIED
PETROLEUM GAS SPECIFICATION...", as applicable. All the information in the
appropriate table(s) in chapter IV of this part shall be given with the individual
constituents and limits specified by the engine manufacturer.

The letters and figures must be at least 4 mm in height.

Note:

If lack of space prevents such labelling, a simplified code may be used. In this
event, explanatory notes containing all the above information must be easily
accessible to any person filling the fuel tank or performing maintenance or repair
on the engine and its accessories, as well as to the authorities concerned. The

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site and content of these explanatory notes will be determined by agreement
between the manufacturer and the approval authority.

5.1.5.2. Properties

Labels must be durable for the useful life of the engine. Labels must be clearly
legible and their letters and figures must be indelible. Additionally, labels must be
attached in such a manner that their fixing is durable for the useful life of the
engine, and the labels cannot be removed without destroying or defacing them.

5.1.5.3. Placing

Labels must be secured to an engine part necessary for normal engine operation
and not normally requiring replacement during engine life. Additionally, these
labels must be located so as to be readily visible to the average person after the
engine has been completed with all the auxiliaries necessary for engine
operation.

5.2. In case of an application for type-approval for a vehicle type in respect of

its engine, the marking specified in section 5.1.5 shall also be placed close to fuel
filling aperture.

5.3. In case of an application for type-approval for a vehicle type with an

approved engine, the marking specified in section 5.1.5 shall also be placed
close to the fuel-filling aperture.

6. SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS

6.1 General:

6.1.1 Emission control equipment

6.1.1.1 The components liable to affect, where appropriate, the emission of

gaseous and particulate pollutants from diesel and gas engines shall be so
designed, constructed, assembled and installed as to enable the engine, in
normal use, to comply with the provisions of this part.

6.1.2 The use of a defeat strategy is forbidden.

6.1.2.1 The use of a multi-setting engine is forbidden until appropriate and robust
provisions for multi-setting engines are laid down in this part.

6.1.3 Emission control strategy

6.1.3.1 Any element of design and emission control strategy (ECS) liable to affect
the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from diesel engines and the

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emission of gaseous pollutants from gas engines shall be so designed,
constructed, assembled and installed as to enable the engine, in normal use, to
comply with the provisions of this part. ECS consists of the base emission control
strategy (BECS) and usually one or more auxiliary emission control strategies
(AECS).

6.1.4 Requirements for base emission control strategy

6.1.4.1 The base emission control strategy (BECS) shall be so designed as to

enable the engine, in normal use, to comply with the provisions of this part.
Normal use is not restricted to the conditions of use as specified in section
6.1.5.4 of this chapter.

6.1.5 Requirements for auxiliary emission control strategy

6.1.5.1 An auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS) may be installed to an

engine or on a vehicle provided that the AECS:

- Operates only outside the conditions of use specified in section 6.1.5.4 of

this chapter for the purposes defined in section 6.1.5.5 of this chapter or

- Is activated only exceptionally within the conditions of use specified in

section 6.1.5.4 of this chapter for the purposes defined in section 6.1.5.6 of
this part and not longer than is needed for these purposes.

6.1.5.2 An auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS) that operates within the
conditions of use specified in section 6.1.5.4 and which results in the use of a
different or modified emission control strategy (ECS) to that normally employed
during the applicable emission test cycles will be permitted if, in complying with
the requirements of section 6.1.7 of this chapter, it is fully demonstrated that the
measure does not permanently reduce the effectiveness of the emission control
system. In all other cases, such strategy shall be considered to be a defeat
strategy.

6.1.5.3 An auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS) that operates outside the
conditions of use specified in section 6.1.5.4 of this chapter will be permitted if, in
complying with the requirements of section 6.1.7 of this chapter, it is fully
demonstrated that the measure is the minimum strategy necessary for the
purposes of section 6.1.5.6 of this chapter with respect to environmental
protection and other technical aspects. In all other cases, such a strategy shall
be considered to be a defeat strategy.

6.1.5.4 As provided for in section 6.1.5.1, the following conditions of use apply
under steady state and transient engine operations:

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1077

 - An altitude not exceeding 1000 metres (or equivalent atmospheric pressure
of 90 kPa), and

- An ambient temperature within the range 279°K to 303°K (6 °C to 30°C)*,

and

- Engine coolant temperature within the range 343° K to 373° K (70 °C to 100
°C).

*Appropriateness of lower temperature may be reviewed as and when

required.

6.1.5.5 An auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS) may be installed to an

engine, or on a vehicle, provided that the operation of the AECS is included in
the applicable type-approval test and is activated according to section 6.1.5.6 of
this chapter.

6.1.5.6 The AECS is activated:

- Only by on-board signals for the purpose of protecting the engine system
(including air-handling device protection) and/or vehicle from damage.

Or

- For purposes such as operational safety, emission default modes and limp-
home strategies.

Or

- For such purposes as excessive emissions prevention, cold start or

warming-up.

or

- If it is used to trade-off the control of one regulated pollutant under specific

ambient or operating conditions in order to maintain control of all other
regulated pollutants within the emission limit values that are appropriate for
the engine in question. The overall effects of such an AECS is to
compensate for naturally occurring phenomena and do so in a manner that
provides acceptable control of all emission constituents.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1078

6.1.6 Requirements for torque limiters

6.1.6.1 A torque limiter will be permitted if it complies with the requirements of

section 6.1.6.2 or 6.5.5 of this chapter. In all other cases, a torque limiter shall be
considered to be a defeat strategy.

6.1.6.2 A torque limiter may be installed to an engine, or on a vehicle, provided

that:

- The torque limiter is activated only by on-board signals for the purpose of
protecting the power train or vehicle construction from damage and/or for
the purpose of vehicle safety, or for power take-off activation when the
vehicle is stationary, or for measures to ensure the correct functioning of
the deNOX system.
And

- The torque limiter is active only temporarily,

And

- The torque limiter does not modify the emission control strategy (ECS),

And

- In case of power take-off or power train protection the torque is limited to a

constant value, independent from the engine speed, while never exceeding
the full-load torque,

And

- Is activated in the same manner to limit the performance of a vehicle in

order to encourage the driver to take the necessary measures in order to
ensure the correct functioning of NOX control measures within the engine
system.

6.1.7 Special requirements for electronic emission control systems

6.1.7.1 Documentation requirements

The manufacturer shall provide a documentation package that gives access to

any element of design and emission control strategy (ECS), and torque limiter of
the engine system and the means by which it controls its output variables,
whether that control is direct or indirect. The documentation shall be made
available in two parts:

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1079

(a) The formal documentation package, which shall be supplied to the technical
service at the time of submission of the type-approval application, shall include a
full description of the ECS and, if applicable, the torque limiter. This
documentation may be brief, provided that it exhibits evidence that all outputs
permitted by a matrix obtained from the range of control of the individual unit
inputs have been identified. This information shall be attached to the
documentation required in section 3 of this chapter;

(b) additional material that shows the parameters that are modified by any
auxiliary emission control strategy (AECS) and the boundary conditions under
which the AECS operates. The additional material shall include a description of
the fuel system control logic, timing strategies and switch points during all modes
of operation. It shall also include a description of the torque limiter described in
section 6.5.5 of this chapter.

The additional material shall also contain a justification for the use of any AECS
and include additional material and test data to demonstrate the effect on
exhaust emissions of any AECS installed to the engine or on the vehicle. The
justification for the use of an AECS may be based on test data and/or sound
engineering analysis.

This additional material shall remain strictly confidential, and be made available
to the type-approval authority on request. The type approval authority will keep
this material confidential.

6.1.8 Provisions for electronic system security

6.1.8.1 Any vehicle with an Emission Control Unit must include features to deter
modification, except as authorised by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall
authorise modifications if these modifications are necessary for the diagnosis,
servicing, inspection, retrofitting or repair of the vehicle. Any reprogrammable
computer codes or operating parameters must be resistant to tampering and
afford a level of protection at least as good as the provisions in ISO 15031-7
(SAE J2186) provided that the security exchange is conducted using the
protocols and diagnostic connector as prescribed in section 6 of Chapter VIII to
this part. Any removable calibration memory chips must be potted, encased in a
sealed container or protected by electronic algorithms and must not be
changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures.

6.1.8.2 Computer-coded engine operating parameters must not be changeable

without the use of specialised tools and procedures (e.g. soldered or potted
computer components or sealed (or soldered) computer enclosures).

6.1.8.3 Manufacturers must take adequate steps to protect the maximum fuel
delivery setting from tampering while a vehicle is in-service.
MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1080
6.1.8.4 Manufacturers may apply to the approval authority for an exemption from
one of these requirements for those vehicles that are unlikely to require
protection. The criteria that the approval authority will evaluate in considering an
exemption will include, but are not limited to, the current availability of
performance chips, the high-performance capability of the vehicle and the
projected sales volume of the vehicle.

6.1.8.5 Manufacturers using programmable computer code systems (e.g.

electrical erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM) must deter
unauthorised reprogramming. Manufacturers must include enhanced tamper-
protection strategies and write protect features requiring electronic access to an
off-site computer maintained by the manufacturer. Alternative methods giving an
equivalent level of tamper protection may be approved by the authority.

6.2. Specifications Concerning the Emission of Gaseous and Particulate

Pollutants and Smoke:

For type approval as per section 6.2.1 of this chapter, the emissions of diesel
engines shall be determined on the ESC, ELR and ETC tests.

For gas engines, the gaseous emissions shall be determined on the ETC test.

The ESC and ELR test procedures are described in chapter III appendix 1 of this

part, the ETC test procedure in chapter III appendices 2 and 3 of this chapter.

The emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate pollutants, if applicable, and

smoke, if applicable, by the engine submitted for testing shall be measured by

the methods described in chapter III appendix 4 of this part. Chapter V of this

part describes the recommended analytical systems for the gaseous pollutants,

the recommended particulate sampling systems, and the recommended smoke

measurement system.

Other systems or analysers may be approved by the test agency, if it is found

that they yield equivalent results on the respective test cycle. The determination
of system equivalency shall be based upon a 7 sample pair (or larger) correlation

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1081

study between the system under consideration and one of the reference systems
of this part. For particulate emissions, either the full flow dilution system or the
partial flow dilution system meeting the requirements of ISO 16183 are
recognised as equivalent reference systems. “Results” refer to the specific cycle
emissions value. The correlation testing shall be performed at the same
laboratory, test cell, and on the same engine, and is preferred to be run
concurrently. The equivalency of the sample pair averages shall be determined
by F-test and t-test statistics as described in appendix 4 of this chapter obtained
under these laboratory, test cell and engine conditions. Outliers shall be
determined in accordance with ISO 5725 and excluded from the database. For
introduction of a new system into the part the determination of equivalency shall
be based upon the calculation of repeatability and reproducibility, as described in
ISO 5725.

6.2.1 Limit values for Type Approval (TA) as well as (COP)

(i) For Diesel engines

The specific mass of the carbon monoxide, of the total hydrocarbons, of
the oxides of nitrogen and of the particulates, as determined on the ESC
test, and of the smoke opacity, as determined on the ELR test, shall not
exceed the values shown in following table:

Engine Steady State Cycle (ESC) test Engine Load

Response
(ELR) test
CO (g/kWh) HC (g/kWh) NOX (g/kWh) PM (g/kWh) Smoke (m-1)
1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 0.5

ii) For Diesel engines, CNG Engines and LPG Engines

For diesel engines that are additionally tested on the ETC test, and
specifically for the gas engines, the specific masses of the carbon
monoxide, of the non-methane hydrocarbons, of the methane (where
applicable), of the oxides of nitrogen and of the particulates (where
applicable) shall not exceed the values shown in following table:

Engine Transient Cycle (ETC) test

CO (g/kWh) NMHC (1) CH4 (2) NOx (g/kWh) PM (3)
(g/kWh) g/kWh (g/kWh)
4.0 0.55 1.1 3.5 0.03
(1)
A manufacturer may choose to measure the mass of total hydrocarbons

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1082

 (THC) instead of measuring the mass of non-methane hydrocarbon
(NMHC). In this case, the limit for mass of THC should be same as for
the NMHC.
(2)
For CNG engines only.
(3)
For Diesel engines only.

6.2.2 Specific requirements for diesel engines:

6.2.2.1 The specific mass of the oxides of nitrogen measured at the random
check points within the control area of the ESC test must not exceed by more
than 10 per cent the values interpolated from the adjacent test modes (reference
sections 4.6.2 and 4.6.3 of chapter III appendix 1 of this chapter).

6.2.2.2 The smoke value on the random test speed of the ELR must not exceed
the highest smoke value of the two adjacent test speeds by more than 20 per
cent, or by more than 5 per cent of the limit value, whichever is greater.

6.3. Durability and deterioration factors

6.3.1. For the purposes of this part, the manufacturer shall determine
deterioration factors that will be used to demonstrate that the gaseous and
particulate emissions of an engine family or engine-after treatment system family
remain in conformity with the appropriate emission limits specified in the tables in
section 6.2.1 of this chapter over the appropriate durability period laid down in
chapter VII of this Part.

6.3.2 The procedures for demonstrating the compliance of an engine or engine-

after treatment system family with the relevant emission limits over the
appropriate durability period are given in chapter VII of this Part.

6.4 On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) system

6.4.1 Diesel engines or vehicles equipped with a diesel engine must be fitted with
an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system for emission control in accordance with the
requirements of chapter VIII of this part.

Gas engines or vehicles equipped with a gas engine must be fitted, with an on-
board diagnostic (OBD) system for emission control in accordance with the
requirements of chapter VIII of this part.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1083

6.4.2. Small batch engine production

As an alternative to the requirements of this section, engine manufacturers

whose annual production of a type of engine, belonging to an OBD engine family,

- is less than 250 units per year, may obtain type-approval on the basis of the
requirements of this part where the engine is monitored only for circuit
continuity and the after-treatment system is monitored for major functional
failure.

- is less than 50 units per year, may obtain type-approval on the basis of the
requirements of this part where the complete emission control system (i.e.
the engine and after-treatment system) are monitored only for circuit
continuity.

Type approval authority should inform any competent authority or Standing

Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation of each type approval
granted under this provision.

6.4.3 For the vehicles with SCR technology and fitted with reagent tank the
following requirement shall be applicable from 1st April 2010 till the time OBD is
implemented.

6.4.3.1 For the vehicles with SCR technology and fitted with reagent tank , the
driver shall be informed of the level of reagent in the on-vehicle reagent storage
tank through a specific mechanical or electronic indication on the vehicle’s
dashboard. This shall include a warning when the level of reagent goes:

- Below 10 % of the tank or a higher percentage at the choice of the

manufacturer.

Or

- Below the level corresponding to the driving distance possible with the fuel
reserve level specified by the manufacturer

6.4.3.2 As soon as the reagent tank becomes empty - Torque limiter shall be
activated when the vehicle becomes stationary for the first time after the
aforementioned condition has occurred with engine torque shall not, in any case,
exceed a constant value of:

- 60 % of engine maximum torque for vehicles of category N > 16

tons, M > 7.5 tons
- 75 % of engine maximum torque for vehicles of category N ≤ 16
tons, M ≤ 7.5 tons”

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1084

6.4.3.3 The torque limiter shall be deactivated when the engine speed is at idle if
the condition for its activation have ceased to exist. The torque limiter shall not
be automatically deactivated without the reason for its activation being remedied.

6.5 Requirements to ensure correct operation of NOx control measures

6.5.1 General

6.5.1.1 This section is applicable to compression-ignition engine systems

irrespective of the technology used to comply with the emission limit values
provided in the tables in section 6.2.1 of this chapter.

6.5.1.2 Any engine system covered by this section shall be designed,

constructed and installed so as to be capable of meeting these requirements
over the useful life of the engine.

6.5.1.3 Information that fully describes the functional operational characteristics

of an engine system covered by this section shall be provided by the
manufacturer in chapter II of this Part.

6.5.1.4 In its application for type-approval, if the engine system requires a

reagent, the manufacturer shall specify the characteristics of all reagent(s)
consumed by any exhaust after treatment system, e.g. type and concentrations,
operational temperature conditions, reference to international standards etc.

6.5.1.5 Subject to requirements set out in section 6.1 of this chapter, any engine
system covered by this section shall retain its emission control function during all
conditions regularly.

6.5.1.6 For the purpose of type-approval, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to

the test agency that for engine systems that require a reagent, any emission of
ammonia does not exceed, over the applicable emissions test cycle, a mean
value of 25 ppm.

6.5.1.7 For engine systems requiring a reagent, each separate reagent tank
installed on a vehicle shall include a means for taking a sample of any fluid inside
the tank. The sampling point shall be easily accessible without the use of any
specialised tool or device.

6.5.2. Maintenance requirements

6.5.2.1 The manufacturer shall furnish or cause to be furnished to all owners of

new heavy-duty vehicles or new heavy-duty engines written instructions that shall
state that if the vehicle emission control system is not functioning correctly, the
driver shall be informed of a problem by the malfunction indicator (MI) and the
engine shall consequentially operate with a reduced performance.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1085

6.5.2.2. The instructions will indicate requirements for the proper use and
maintenance of vehicles, including where relevant the use of consumable
reagents.

6.5.2.3 The instructions shall be written in clear and non-technical language.

6.5.2.4 The instructions shall specify if consumable reagents have to be refilled

by the vehicle operator between normal maintenance intervals and shall indicate
a likely rate of reagent consumption according to the type of new heavy-duty
vehicle.

6.5.2.5 The instructions shall specify that use of and refilling of a required
reagent of the correct specifications when indicated is mandatory for the vehicle
to comply with the certificate of conformity issued for that vehicle or engine type.

6.5.2.6 The instructions shall state that it may be a criminal offence to use a
vehicle that does not consume any reagent if it is required for the reduction of
pollutant emissions and that, in consequence, any favorable conditions for the
purchase or operation of the vehicle obtained in the country of registration or
other country in which the vehicle is used may become invalid.

6.5.3. Engine system NOx control

6.5.3.1 Incorrect operation of the engine system with respect to NOX emissions
control (for example due to lack of any required reagent, incorrect EGR flow or
deactivation of EGR) shall be determined through monitoring of the NOX level by
sensors positioned in the exhaust stream.

6.5.3.2 Any deviation in NOX level more than 1,5 g/kwh above the applicable limit
value given in table I of section 6.2.1 of this chapter, shall result in the driver
being informed by activation of the MI as referred to in section 3.6.5 of chapter
VIII of this part.

6.5.3.3 In addition, a non-erasable fault code identifying the reason why NOX
exceeds the levels specified in the section 6.5.3.2 shall be stored in accordance
with section 3.9.2 of chapter VIII of this part for at least 400 days or 9600 hours
of engine operation.

The reasons for the NOX exceedance shall, at a minimum, and where applicable,
be identified in the cases of empty reagent tank, interruption of reagent dosing
activity, insufficient reagent quality, too low reagent consumption, incorrect EGR
flow or deactivation of the EGR. In all other cases, the manufacturer is permitted
to refer to a non-erasable fault code “high NOX — root cause unknown”.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1086

6.5.3.4 If the NOX level exceeds the OBD threshold limit values given in section 7
of chapter VIII of this part, a torque limiter shall reduce the performance of the
engine according to the requirements of section 6.5.5 of this chapter in a manner
that is clearly perceived by the driver of the vehicle. When the torque limiter is
activated the driver shall continue to be alerted according to the requirements of
section 6.5.3.2 of this chapter and a non erasable fault code shall be stored in
accordance with section 6.5.3.3 of this chapter.

6.5.3.5 In the case of engine systems that rely on the use of EGR and no other
after treatment system for NOx emissions control, the manufacturer may utilise
an alternative method to the requirements of section 6.5.3.1 of this chapter for
the determination of the NOX level. At the time of type approval the manufacturer
shall demonstrate that the alternative method is equally timely and accurate in
determining the NOX level compared to the requirements of section 6.5.3.1 of this
chapter and that it triggers the same consequences as those referred to in
sections 6.5.3.2, 6.5.3.3 and 6.5.3.4 of this chapter.

6.5.4. Reagent control

6.5.4.1 For vehicles that require the use of a reagent to fulfill the requirements of
this section 6.5 of this chapter, the driver shall be informed of the level of reagent
in the on-vehicle reagent storage tank through a specific mechanical or electronic
indication on the vehicle’s dashboard. This shall include a warning when the level
of reagent goes:

- Below 10 % of the tank or a higher percentage at the choice of the

manufacturer.

Or

- Below the level corresponding to the driving distance possible with the fuel
reserve level specified by the manufacturer.

The reagent indicator shall be placed in close proximity to the fuel level indicator.

6.5.4.2 The driver shall be informed, according to the requirements of section

3.6.5 of chapter VIII of this Part, if the reagent tank becomes empty.

6.5.4.3 As soon as the reagent tank becomes empty, the requirements of section
6.5.5 of this chapter shall apply in addition to the requirements of section 6.5.4.2.

6.5.4.4 A manufacturer may choose to comply with the sections 6.5.4.5 to

6.5.4.12 of this chapter as an alternative to complying with the requirements of
section 6.5.3 of this chapter.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1087

6.5.4.5 Engine systems shall include a means of determining that a fluid
corresponding to the reagent characteristics declared by the manufacturer and
recorded in Chapter II of this part is present on the vehicle.

6.5.4.6 If the fluid in the reagent tank does not correspond to the minimum
requirements declared by the manufacturer as recorded in chapter II of this part
the additional requirements of section 6.5.4.12 of this chapter shall apply.

6.5.4.7 Engine systems shall include a means for determining reagent

consumption and providing off-board access to consumption information.

6.5.4.8 Average reagent consumption and average demanded reagent

consumption by the engine system either over the previous complete 48 hour
period of engine operation or the period needed for a demanded reagent
consumption of at least 15 litres, whichever is longer, shall be available via the
serial port of the standard diagnostic connector as referred in section 6.8.3 of
chapter VIII of this part.

6.5.4.9 In order to monitor reagent consumption, at least the following

parameters within the engine shall be monitored:

- Level of reagent in on-vehicle storage tank.

- Flow of reagent or injection of reagent as close as technically possible to

the point of injection into an exhaust after treatment system.

6.5.4.10 Any deviation more than 50 % in average reagent consumption and

average demanded reagent consumption by the engine system over the period
defined in section 6.5.4.8 of this chapter shall result in application of the
measures laid down in paragraph 6.5.4.12 of this chapter.

6.5.4.11 In the case of interruption in reagent dosing activity the measures laid
down in section 6.5.4.12 of this chapter shall apply. This is not required where
such interruption is demanded by the engine ECU because engine operating
conditions are such that the engine’s emission performance does not require
reagent dosing, provided that the manufacturer has clearly informed the approval
authority when such operating conditions apply.

6.5.4.12 Any failure detected with respect to sections 6.5.4.6, 6.5.4.10 or 6.5.4.11
of this chapter shall trigger the same consequences in the same order as those
referred to in sections 6.5.3.2, 6.5.3.3 or 6.5.3.4 of this chapter.

6.5.5. Measures to discourage tampering of exhaust after treatment

systems

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6.5.5.1 Any engine system covered by this section 6.5 of this chapter shall
include a torque limiter that will alert the driver that the engine system is
operating incorrectly or the vehicle is being operated in an incorrect manner and
thereby encourage the prompt rectification of any fault(s).

6.5.5.2 The torque limiter shall be activated when the vehicle becomes stationary
for the first time after the conditions of either sections 6.5.3.4, 6.5.4.3, 6.5.4.6,
6.5.4.10, 6.5.4.11 of this chapter have occurred.

6.5.5.3 Where the torque limiter comes into effect, the engine torque shall not, in
any case, exceed a constant value of:

o 60 % of engine maximum torque for vehicles of category N > 16 tons, M >

7.5 tons
o 75 % of engine maximum torque for vehicles of category N ≤ 16 tons, 3.5
< M ≤ 7.5 tons.

6.5.5.4 Requirements for documentation and the torque limiter are set out in
sections 6.5.5.5 to 6.5.5.8.

6.5.5.5. Detailed written information fully describing the functional operation

characteristics of the emission control monitoring system torque limiter shall be
specified according to the documentation requirements of section 6.1.7.1 (b) of
this chapter. Specifically, the manufacturer shall provide information on the
algorithms used by the ECU for relating the NOX concentration to the specific
NOX emission (in g/kWh) on the ETC in accordance with section 6.5.6.5 of this
chapter.

6.5.5.6 The torque limiter shall be deactivated when the engine speed is at idle if
the conditions for its activation have ceased to exist. The torque limiter shall not
be automatically deactivated without the reason for its activation being remedied.

6.5.5.7 Deactivation of the torque limiter shall not be feasible by means of a

switch or a maintenance tool.

6.5.5.8 The torque limiter shall not apply to engines or vehicles for use by the
armed services, by rescue services and by fire-services and ambulances.
Permanent deactivation shall only be done by the engine or vehicle
manufacturer, and a special engine type within the engine family shall be
designated for proper identification.

6.5.6 Operating conditions of the emission control monitoring system

6.5.6.1 The emission control monitoring system shall be operational,

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1089

 — At all ambient temperatures between 266° K and 308° K (– 7 °C and 35
°C),

— At all altitudes below 1600 m,

— At engine coolant temperatures above 343° K (70 °C).

This section does not apply in the case of monitoring for reagent level in the
storage tank where monitoring shall be conducted under all conditions of use.

6.5.6.2 The emission control monitoring system may be deactivated when a limp-
home strategy is active and which results in a torque reduction greater than the
levels indicated in section 6.5.5.3 of this chapter for the appropriate vehicle
category.

6.5.6.3 If an emission default mode is active, the emission control monitoring

system shall remain operational and comply with the provisions of section 6.5 of
this chapter.

6.5.6.4 The incorrect operation of NOX control measures shall be detected within
four OBD test cycles as referred to in the definition given in section 6.1 of
appendix 1 of chapter VIII of this Part.

6.5.6.5 Algorithms used by the ECU for relating the actual NOX concentration to
the specific NOX emission (in g/kWh) on the ETC shall not be considered to be a
defeat strategy.

6.5.6.6 If an AECS that has been approved by the type-approval authority in

accordance with section 6.1.5 of this chapter becomes operational, any increase
in NOX due to the operation of the AECS may be applied to the appropriate NOX
level referred to in section 6.5.3.2 of this chapter. In all such cases, the influence
of the AECS on the NOX threshold shall be described in accordance with section
6.5.5.5 of this chapter.

6.5.7 Failure of the emission control monitoring system

6.5.7.1 The emission control monitoring system shall be monitored for electrical
failures and for removal or deactivation of any sensor that prevents it from
diagnosing an emission increase as required by sections 6.5.3.2 and 6.5.3.4 of
this chapter.

Examples of sensors that affect the diagnostic capability are those directly
measuring NOX concentration, urea quality sensors, and sensors used for
monitoring reagent dosing activity, reagent level, reagent consumption or EGR
rate.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1090

6.5.7.2 If a failure of the emission control monitoring system is confirmed, the
driver shall be immediately alerted by the activation of the warning signal
according to section 3.6.5 of chapter VIII of this part.

6.5.7.3 The torque limiter shall be activated in accordance with section 6.5.5 of
this chapter if the failure is not remedied within 50 hours of engine operation.

6.5.7.4 When the emission control monitoring system has determined the failure
has ceased to exist, the fault code(s) associated with that failure may be cleared
from the system memory, except in the cases referred to in section 6.5.7.5 of this
chapter and the torque limiter, if applicable, shall be deactivated according to
section 6.5.5.6 of this chapter.

Fault code(s) associated with a failure of the emission control monitoring system
shall not be capable of being cleared from the system memory by any scan tool.

6.5.7.5 In the case of the removal or deactivation of elements of the emission

control monitoring system, in accordance with section 6.5.7.1of this chapter, a
non-erasable fault code shall be stored in accordance with section 3.9.2 of
chapter VIII of this part for a minimum of 400 days or 9600 hours of engine
operation.

6.5.8 Demonstration of the emission control monitoring system

6.5.8.1 As part of the application for type-approval provided for in section 3 of this
chapter, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the conformity of the provisions of
this section by tests on an engine dynamometer in accordance with sections
6.5.8.2 to 6.5.8.7 of this chapter.

6.5.8.2 The compliance of an engine family or an OBD engine family to the

requirements of this section may be demonstrated by testing the emission control
monitoring system of one of the members of the family (the parent engine),
provided the manufacturer demonstrates to the type approval authority that the
emission control monitoring systems are similar within the family.

This demonstration may be performed by presenting to the type-approval

authorities such elements as algorithms, functional analyses, etc.

The parent engine is selected by the manufacturer in agreement with the type
approval authority.

6.5.8.3 The testing of the emission control monitoring system consists of the
following three phases:

Selection :

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1091

 An incorrect operation of the NOX control measures or a failure of the
emission control monitoring system is selected by the authority within a list of
incorrect operations provided by the manufacturer.

Qualification :

The influence of the incorrect operation is validated by measuring the NOX

level over the ETC on an engine test bed.

Demonstration :

The reaction of the system (torque reduction, warning signal, etc.) shall be
demonstrated by running the engine on four OBD test cycles.

6.5.8.3.1 For the selection phase, the manufacturer shall provide the type
approval authority with a description of the monitoring strategies used to
determine potential incorrect operation of any NOX control measure and potential
failures in the emission control monitoring system that would lead either to
activation of the torque limiter or to activation of the warning signal only.

Typical examples of incorrect operations for this list are an empty reagent tank,
an incorrect operation leading to an interruption of reagent dosing activity, an
insufficient reagent quality, an incorrect operation leading to low reagent
consumption, an incorrect EGR flow or a deactivation of the EGR.

A minimum of two and a maximum of three incorrect operations of the NOX

control system or failures of the emission control monitoring system shall be
selected by the type approval authority from this list.

6.5.8.3.2 For the qualification phase, the NOX emissions shall be measured over
the ETC test cycle, according to the provisions of appendix 2 of Chapter III. The
result of the ETC test shall be used to determine in which way the NOX control
monitoring system is expected to react during the demonstration process (torque
reduction and/or warning signal). The failure shall be simulated in a way that the
NOX level does not exceed by more than 1 g/kWh any of the threshold levels
given in sections 6.5.3.2 or 6.5.3.4 of this chapter.

Emissions qualification is not required in case of an empty reagent tank or for

demonstrating a failure of the emission control monitoring system.

The torque limiter shall be deactivated during the qualification phase.

6.5.8.3.3 For the demonstration phase, the engine shall be run over a maximum
of four OBD test cycles.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1092

No failure other than the ones which are being considered for demonstration
purposes shall be present.

6.5.8.3.4 Prior to starting the test sequence of section 6.5.8.3.3, the emission
control monitoring system shall be set to a “no failure” status.

6.5.8.3.5 Depending on the NOX level selected, the system shall activate a
warning signal and in addition, if applicable, the torque limiter at any time before
the end of the detection sequence. The detection sequence may be stopped
once the NOX control monitoring system has properly reacted.

6.5.8.4 In the case of an emission control monitoring system principally based on

monitoring the NOX level by sensors positioned in the exhaust stream, the
manufacturer may choose to directly monitor certain system functionalities (e.g.
interruption of dosing activity, closed EGR valve) for the determination of
compliance. In that case, the selected system functionality shall be
demonstrated.

6.5.8.5 The level of torque reduction required in section 6.5.5.3 of this chapter by
the torque limiter shall be approved together with the general engine
performance approval in accordance with this part. For the demonstration
process, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to the type-approval authority the
inclusion of the correct torque limiter into the engine ECU. Separate torque
measurement during the demonstration is not required.

6.5.8.6 As an alternative to sections 6.5.8.3.3 to 6.5.8.3.5 of this chapter, the

demonstration of the emission control monitoring system and the torque limiter
may be performed by testing a vehicle. The vehicle shall be driven on the road or
on a test track with the selected incorrect operations or failures of the emission
control monitoring system to demonstrate that the warning signal and activation
of the torque limiter will operate in accordance with the requirements of section
6.5 of this chapter, and in particular, those in sections 6.5.5.2 and 6.5.5.3 of this
chapter.

6.5.8.7 If the storage in the computer memory of a non-erasable fault code is

required for complying with the requirements of section 6.5 of this chapter, the
following three conditions shall be met by the end of demonstration sequence:

— That it is possible to confirm via the OBD scan tool the presence in the
OBD computer memory of the appropriate non-erasable fault code described
in section 6.5.3.3 of this chapter and that it can be shown to the satisfaction
of the type approval authority that the scan tool cannot erase it, and,

— That it is possible to confirm the time spent during the detection sequence
with the warning signal activated by reading the non-erasable counter
referred to in section 3.9.2 of chapter VIII of this part, and that it can be

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1093

 shown to the satisfaction of the type approval authority that the scan tool
cannot erase it, and,

— That the type-approval authority has approved the elements of design

showing that this non-erasable information is stored in accordance with
section 3.9.2 of chapter VIII of this part for a minimum of 400 days or 9 600
hours of engine operation.

7. INSTALLATION ON THE VEHICLE:

7.1 The engine installation on the vehicle shall comply with the following
characteristics in respect to the type-approval of the engine:

7.1.1 Intake depression shall not exceed that specified for the type-approved
engine.

7.1.2 Exhaust back pressure shall not exceed that specified for the type-
approved engine.

7.1.3 Exhaust system volume shall not differ by more than 40% of that specified
for the type-approved engine

7.1.4 Power absorbed by the auxiliaries needed for operating the engine shall not
exceed that specified for the type-approved engine.

8. ENGINE FAMILY

8.1. Parameters defining the engine family

The engine family, as determined by the engine manufacturer must comply with
the provisions of ISO 16185.

In order that engines may be considered to belong to the same engine family, the
following list of basic parameters must be common:

8.1.1. Combustion cycle:

— 2 cycle

— 4 cycle

8.1.2. Cooling medium:

— air

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1094

— water

— oil

8.1.3. For gas engines and engines with after treatment:

— number of cylinders

(other diesel engines with fewer cylinders than the parent engine may be
considered to belong to the same engine family provided the fuelling system
meters fuel for each individual cylinder)

8.1.4. Individual cylinder displacement:

— engines to be within a total spread of 15 %

8.1.5. Method of air aspiration:

— naturally aspirated

— pressure charged

— pressure charged with charge air cooler

8.1.6. Combustion chamber type/design:

— pre-chamber

— swirl chamber

— open chamber

8.1.7. Valve and porting — configuration, size and number:

— cylinder head

— cylinder wall

— crankcase

8.1.8. Fuel injection system (diesel engines):

— pump-line-injector

— in-line pump

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1095

— distributor pump

— single element

— unit injector

8.1.9. Fuelling system (gas engines):

— mixing unit

— gas induction/injection (single point, multi-point)

— liquid injection (single point, multi-point)

8.1.10. Ignition system (gas engines)

8.1.11. Miscellaneous features:

— exhaust gas recirculation

— water injection/emulsion

— secondary air injection

— charge cooling system

8.1.12. Exhaust after treatment:

— 3-way-catalyst

— oxidation catalyst

— reduction catalyst

— thermal reactor

— particulate trap

8.2 Choice of the parent engine

8.2.1 Diesel engines

The parent engine of the family shall be selected using the primary criteria of the
highest fuel delivery per stroke at the declared maximum torque speed. In the
event that two or more engines share this primary criteria, the parent engine shall

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1096

be selected using the secondary criteria of highest fuel delivery per stroke at
rated speed. Under certain circumstances, the approval authority may conclude
that the worst case emission rate of the family can best be characterised by
testing a second engine. Thus, the approval authority may select an additional
engine for test based upon features, which indicate that it may have the highest
emission level of the engines within that family.

If engines within the family incorporate other variable features, which could be
considered to affect exhaust emissions, these features shall also be identified
and taken into account in the selection of the parent engine.

8.2.2 Gas engines

The parent engine of the family shall be selected using the primary criteria of the
largest displacement. In the event that two or more engines share this primary
criteria, the parent engine shall be selected using the secondary criteria in the
following order:

— the highest fuel delivery per stroke at the speed of declared rated power.

— The most advanced spark timing.

— The lowest EGR rate.

— No air pump or lowest actual airflow pump.

Under certain circumstances, the approval authority may conclude that the worst
case emission rate of the family can best be characterised by testing a second
engine. Thus, the approval authority may select an additional engine for test
based upon features, which indicate that it may have the highest emission
level of the engines within that family.

8.3 Parameters for defining an OBD-engine family

The OBD-engine family may be defined by basic design parameters that must be
common to engine systems within the family.

In order that engine systems may be considered to belong to the same OBD-
engine family, the following list of basic parameters must be common,

— The methods of OBD monitoring.

— The methods of malfunction detection.

Unless these methods have been shown as equivalent by the manufacturer by

means of relevant engineering demonstration or other appropriate procedures.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1097

Note: engines that do not belong to the same engine family may still belong to
the same OBD-engine family provided the above-mentioned criteria are satisfied.

9. PRODUCTION CONFORMITY

9.1 Measures to ensure production conformity must be taken in accordance

with the provisions as per Part VI of MoSRTH/CMVR/TAP115/116. However
when the period between commencement of production of a new model and
beginning of next rationalized COP period is less than two months, the same
would be merged with the rationalized COP period.

For verifying the conformity of production the following procedure as per Option1
is adopted.

To verify the conformity of production for low volume vehicles model and its
variants were less than 250 no. in any consecutive period of six months in a year,
manufacture can choose from option 1 or option 2 as listed below.

9.1.1 If emissions of pollutants are to be measured and an engine type-approval

has had one or several extensions, the tests will be carried out on the engine(s)
described in the information package relating to the relevant extension.

Option 1

9.1.1.1 Conformity of the engine subjected to a pollutant test:

After submission of the engine to the test agencies, the manufacturer shall not
carry out any adjustment to the engines selected.

9.1.1.1.1 Three engines are randomly taken in the series. With agreement of test
agency, engines are subject to testing either on the ESC and ELR cycles or ETC
cycle ( for Diesel engines) or only on the ETC cycle (for Gaseous engines) for the
checking of production conformity. The limit values are given in section 6.2.1 of
this chapter.

9.1.1.1.2 The tests are carried out according to appendix 1 of this chapter.

or

At the manufacturer's request, the tests may be carried out in accordance with
appendix 2 of this Chapter.

9.1.1.1.3 On the basis of a test of the engine by sampling, the production of a

series is regarded as conforming where a pass decision is reached for all the

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1098

pollutants and non conforming where a fail decision is reached for one pollutant,
in accordance with the test criteria applied in the appropriate appendix.

When a pass decision has been reached for one pollutant, this decision may not
be changed by any additional tests made in order to reach a decision for the
other pollutants.

If no pass decision is reached for all the pollutants and if no fail decision is
reached for one pollutant, a test is carried out on another engine (see Figure 2).

If no decision is reached, the manufacturer may at any time decide to stop

testing. In that case a fail decision is recorded.

9.1.1.2 The tests will be carried out on newly manufactured engines. Gas fuelled
engines shall be run-in using the procedure defined in section 3 of appendix 2
of Chapter III of this part.

9.1.1.2.1 However, at the request of the manufacturer, the tests may be carried
out on diesel or gas engines, which have been run-in, up to a maximum of 100
hours. In this case, the running-in procedure will be conducted by the
manufacturer who shall undertake not to make any adjustments to those
engines.

9.1.1.2.2 When the manufacturer asks to conduct a running-in procedure in

accordance with section 9.1.1.2.1 of this chapter, it may be carried out on:

- All the engines that are tested,

or

- The first engine tested, with the determination of an evolution coefficient as

follows:

- The pollutant emissions will be measured at zero and at "x" hours on the
first engine tested,

- The evolution coefficient of the emissions between zero and "x" hours will
be calculated for each pollutant:

Emissions ' x' hours

Emissions zero hours

It may be less than one.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1099

 The subsequent test engines will not be subjected to the running-in
procedure, but their zero hour emissions will be modified by the evolution
coefficient.

In this case, the values to be taken will be:

- the values at "x" hours for the first engine,

- the values at zero hour multiplied by the evolution coefficient for the other
engines.

9.1.1.2.3 For diesel and LPG fuelled engines, all these tests may be conducted
with commercial fuel. However, at the manufacturer's request, the reference fuels
described in Annexure IV(F&H) of CMVR rules respectively may be used. This
implies tests, as described in section 4 of this Chapter, with at least two of the
reference fuels for each gas engine.

9.1.1.2.4 For NG fuelled engines, all these tests may be conducted with
commercial fuel in the following way:

- for H marked engines with a commercial fuel within the H range;

(0,89 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1,00),

- for L marked engines with a commercial fuel within the L range;

(1,00 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1,19),

- for HL marked engines with a commercial fuel within the H or the L range.
(0,89 ≤ Sλ ≤ 1,19).

However, at the manufacturer's request, the reference fuels described in chapter

IV of this part may be used. This implies tests, as described in section 4 of this
Chapter, with at least two of the reference fuels for each gas engine.

9.1.1.2.5 In the case of dispute caused by the non-compliance of gas fuelled

engines when using a commercial fuel, the tests shall be performed with a
reference fuel on which the parent engine has been tested, or with the possible
additional fuel 3 as referred to in sections 4.1.3.1 and 4.2.1.1 of this chapter on
which the parent engine may have been tested. Then, the result has to be
converted by a calculation applying the relevant factor(s) "r", "ra" or "rb" as
described in sections 4.1.3.2, 4.1.4.1 and 4.2.1.2 of this chapter. If r, ra or rb are
less than one no correction shall take place. The measured results and the
calculated results must demonstrate that the engine meets the limit values with
all relevant fuels (fuels 1, 2 and, if applicable, fuel 3 in the case of natural gas
engines and fuels A and B in the case of LPG engines).

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1100

9.1.1.2.6 Tests for conformity of production of a gas fuelled engine laid out for
operation on one specific fuel composition shall be performed on the fuel for
which the engine has been calibrated.

Figure 2 (Option 1)
Schematic of production conformity testing

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1101

Option 2

9.1.1.3 Conformity of the engine subjected to a pollutant test:

After submission of the engine to the test agencies, the manufacturer shall not
carry out any adjustment to the engines selected.

9.1.1.3.1 Three engines are randomly taken in the series. With agreement of test
agency, only one engine are subject to testing either on the ESC and ELR cycles
or ETC cycle ( for Diesel engines) or only on the ETC cycle (for Gaseous
engines) for the checking of production conformity. The limit values are given in
section 6.2.1 of this chapter.

9.1.1.3.2 The tests are carried out according to appendix 1 of this chapter.

or

At the manufacturer's request, the tests may be carried out in accordance with
appendix 2 of this Chapter.

9.1.1.3.3 On the basis of a test of the engine, the production of a series is

regarded as conforming where a pass decision is reached for all the pollutants
and non conforming where a no pass decision is reached for one pollutant, in
accordance with the limit values are given in section 6.2.1 of this chapter . When
no pass decision has been reached for one pollutant saple 2 & 3 are subjected o
test mentioned in 9.1.1.3.1 of this chapter.

When a pass decision has been reached for one pollutant, this decision may not
be changed by any additional tests made in order to reach a decision for the
other pollutants.

If no pass decision is reached for all the pollutants and if no fail decision is
reached for one pollutant, a test is carried out on another engine (see Figure 3).

If no decision is reached, the manufacturer may at any time decide to stop

testing. In that case a fail decision is recorded.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1102

 Figure 3 (option 2)
Schematic of production conformity testing

Select 3 samples out of sample lot size of 10.

Test begins with sample No. 1

Yes Series
All pollutant ≤ limit
accepted

NO

Test the sample 2 & 3

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1103

9.1.2. On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)

9.1.2.1 If a verification of the conformity of production of the OBD system is to be

carried out, it must be conducted in accordance with the following:

9.1.2.2 When the test agency determines that the quality of production seems
unsatisfactory an engine is randomly taken from the series and subjected to the
tests described in appendix 1 to chapter VIII of this part. The tests may be carried
out on an engine that has been run-in up to a maximum of 100 hours.

9.1.2.3 The production is deemed to conform if this engine meets the

requirements of the tests described in appendix 1 to chapter VIII of this part.

9.1.2.4 If the engine taken from the series does not satisfy the requirements of
section 9.1.2.2 of this chapter, a further random sample of four engines must be
taken from the series and subjected to the tests described in appendix 1 to
chapter VIII of this part. The tests may be carried out on engines that have been
run-in up to a maximum of 100 hours.

9.1.2.5 The production is deemed to conform if at least three engines out of the
further random sample of four engines meet the requirements of the tests
described in appendix 1 to chapter VIII of this part.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1104

 Appendix 1

PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION CONFORMITY TESTING

1. This Appendix describes the procedure to be used to verify production

conformity for the emissions of pollutants.

2. With a minimum sample size of three engines the sampling procedure is set so
that the probability of a lot passing a test with 40 % of the engines defective is
0,95 (producer's risk = 5 %) while the probability of a lot being accepted with 65
% of the engines defective is 0,10 (consumer's risk = 10 %).

3. The values of the pollutants given in section 6.2.1 of this chapter, after having
applied the relevant DF, are considered to be log normally distributed and should
be transformed by taking their natural logarithms. Let m0 and m denote the
minimum and maximum sample size respectively (m0 = 3 and m = 32) and let n
denote the current sample number.

4. If the natural logarithms of the measured values (after having applied the
relevant DF) in the series are x1, x2, … xi and L is the natural logarithm of the limit
value for the pollutant, then, define:

di = xi – L
and,

5. Table 3 shows values of the pass (An) and fail (Bn) decision numbers against
current sample number. The test statistic result is the ratio: dn / Vn and shall be
used to determine whether the series has passed or failed as follows:

6. Remarks

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1105

The following recursive formulae are useful for calculating successive values of
the test statistic:

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1106

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1107
 Appendix 2

PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION CONFORMITY TESTING AT

MANUFACTURER'S REQUEST

1. This Appendix describes the procedure to be used to verify, at the

manufacturer's request, production conformity for the emissions of pollutants.

2. With a minimum sample size of three engines the sampling procedure is set so
that the probability of a lot passing a test with 30 % of the engines defective is
0,90 (producer's risk = 10 %) while the probability of a lot being accepted with 65
% of the engines defective is 0,10 (consumer's risk = 10 %).

3. The following procedure is used for each of the pollutants given in section
6.2.1 of this chapter (see Figure 2):

Let:

L = the natural logarithm of the limit value for the pollutant

xi = the natural logarithm of the measurement (after having applied the

relevant DF) for the i-th engine of the sample

s = an estimate of the production standard deviation (after taking the

natural logarithm of the measurements)

n = the current sample number.’

4. Calculate for the sample the test statistic quantifying the number of non
conforming engines, i.e. xi ≥ L:

5. Then:

- If the test statistic is less than or equal to the pass decision number for
the sample size given in Table 4, a pass decision is reached for the
pollutant;

- If the test statistic is greater than or equal to the fail decision number for
the sample size given in Table 4, a fail decision is reached for the
pollutant;

- Otherwise, an additional engine is tested according to section 9.1.1.1 of

this chapter and the calculation procedure is applied to the sample
increased by one more unit.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1108

 In Table 4 the pass and fail decision numbers are calculated by means of
the International Standard ISO 8422/1991.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1109

 Appendix 3

DETERMINATION OF SYSTEM EQUIVALENCE

The determination of system equivalency according to section 6.2 of this chapter

shall be based on a 7 sample pair (or larger) correlation study between the
candidate system and one of the accepted reference systems of this part using
the appropriate test cycle(s). The equivalency criteria to be applied shall be the
F-test and the two-sided Student t-test.

This statistical method examines the hypothesis that the population standard
deviation and mean value for an emission measured with the candidate system
do not differ from the standard deviation and population mean value for that
emission measured with the reference system. The hypothesis shall be tested on
the basis of a 5 % significance level of the F and t values. The critical F and t
values for 7 to 10 sample pairs are given in the table below. If the F and t values
calculated according to the formulae below are greater than the critical F and t
values, the candidate system is not equivalent.

The following procedure shall be followed. The subscripts R and C refer to the
reference and candidate system, respectively:

(a) Conduct at least 7 tests with the candidate and reference systems preferably
operated in parallel. The number of tests is referred to as nR and nC.

(b) Calculate the mean values xR and xC and the standard deviations sR and sC.

(c) Calculate the F value, as follows:

(The greater of the two standard deviations SR or SC must be in the numerator)

(d) Calculate the t value, as follows:

(e) Compare the calculated F and t values with the critical F and t values
corresponding to the respective number of tests indicated in table below. If larger

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1110

sample sizes are selected, consult statistical tables for 5 % significance (95 %
confidence) level.

(f) Determine the degrees of freedom (df), as follows:

For the F-test: df = nR - 1 / nC – 1

For the t-test: df = nC + nR - 2

F and t values for selected sample sizes

(g) Determine the equivalency, as follows:

- if F < Fcrit and t < tcrit, then the candidate system is equivalent to the
reference system of this Document,

- if F ≥ Fcrit and t ≥ tcrit, then the candidate system is different from the
reference system of this Document.

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 1111