Method Statement – Reclamation

Works
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PROJECT SCOPE OVERVIEW 5

2. INTRODUCTION 6
Scope of work 6

3. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 7
Health Safety and Security Management 7
Environment & Social Management 8
Quality Management 8
Kick-off meeting reclamation works 9
Contractual conditions 9

4. LOCAL CONDITIONS 11
Weather forecasting 11
Tidal 11
Dredged Material 11
UXO 12
Sand Fill Material 12

5. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 14

Mobilization 14
Description Primary Marine Equipment 14
Land Based Equipment (LBE) 17
Dismantling and Demobilisation 19

6. DESCRIPTION OF WORKS 20
Site preparation 20
Reclamation Work Stages 21
Work Sequence 22
Stage 2: placing fill to initial platform level at approx. +1.5m MSL 29
Stage 3: placing fill until required level 32
Control procedure 33

7. PROJECT ORGANIZATION & DIVISION OF RESPONSIBLITIES 33

Project Organisation 33
Responsibilities 34

8. PERMITS 37

9. SURVEY AND MONITORING 38

Bathymetric Surveys 38
Control & Tolerances 38
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10. REPORTING 41

11. REFERENCES, ABBREVIATIONS, DEFINITIONS 42

References 42
Abbreviations 43
Definitions 46
Codes, Standards and Regulations 46

12. APPENDICES 47
Appendix A: Risk Assessment Reclamation Works 47
Appendix B: Inspection and Test Plan – Reclamation Works 48
Appendix C: Specifications Spreader Pontoons 49
Appendix D: Trailer Suction Hopper Dredger Specification sheets 50
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1. PROJECT SCOPE OVERVIEW

Pasay Harbor City Corporation (‘Employer’) is developing the Harbor City Reclamation (‘Project’),
creating a next upgrade in the urban living of Metro Manila in the Philippines. The Project involves
development of approximate 265 ha of land reclamation and comprises of Works both prescribed and
implied:

1. Design, engineering and preparation of the Project;

2. Supply and placement of sand fill to provide a reclamation platform as a suitable basis for
construction of residential and commercial properties and related infrastructure as is typical
within Pasay City;

3. Ground improvement to meet the Employer’s Requirements with respect to:

a. Installation of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) and application of temporary

surcharge for acceleration of settlements and reduction of residual settlements and
differential settlement to within allowable limits;

b. Compaction of the sand fill for prevention of liquefaction during seismic activities and
prevention of geotechnical slope failure beyond acceptable displacement;

4. Supply of material and installation of reclamation edge structures to prevent erosion and
reduce overtopping to acceptable limits as given within the Employer’s Requirements, which
would otherwise affect the stability and / or safety of the reclamation platform and infrastructure;
and

5. Provide a mangrove area for the growth of mangroves and later development of a mangrove
park.

Figure 1 Artist impression of Harbor City Reclamation

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2. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this Method Statement is to define the reclamation and sand supply activities that are
applicable during the initiation, planning, execution and completion of the project, to deliver our projects
and services to the Employer/Engineer in an efficient manner and in compliance with the requirements
of the contract, regulatory authorities and CONTRACTOR.

The CONTRACTOR Way of Working is designed to give staff the best possible support in achieving
operational excellence. It is aimed at offering a consistent approach, with a clear focus on providing
safe and sustainable solutions. The CONTRACTOR Way of Working management system is compliant
with the international ISO 45001, ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 standards and is assessed and certified by
an independent external auditor.

This document forms part of the CONTRACTOR Way of Working, the integrated quality management
system applicable to all operations of CONTRACTOR. The CONTRACTOR Way of Working is
structured around four Phases as pictured below. This Method Statement is prepared in the PLAN
Phase, whereas the main implementation takes place in the EXECUTE Phase.

Scope of work

This Method Statement describes the activities for the reclamation works. It involves sand fill on various
methods. The activities covered in this method statement include:

1. Sand mining and transportation

2. Filling of sand keys
3. Reclamation Stage 1: Spraying with a Spreader Pontoon;
4. Reclamation Stage 2: Placing fill up to initial platform level, target being at -3 MSL elevation; and
5. Reclamation Stage 3: Placing fill until required level.

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3. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Health Safety and Security Management

Safety, Health and Environment Policy

It is the policy of the Contractor that all employees, including those of subcontractors and suppliers,
execute their work safely and under health conditions, with appropriate concern for the protection of the
environment. The ultimate Safety, Health and Environmental objectives of the Contractor are:

1. Zero personal accidents;

2. Zero incidents with environmental impact; and
3. Zero damages to equipment and property.

Contractor realizes the behaviour of individual employees is a key factor in achieving these objectives.
Our safety program NINA – No injuries, No accidents- sets clear standards and explains what we
expect from our people with regard to their safety behaviour. At the heart of the NINA safety program
are five core Values and five Rules. The values make people aware of their own responsibility regards
safety and encourage them to take action if operations are unsafe and approach other if they are at risk.
The Rules provide guidance regarding the management of health and safety risks. NINA is supported
by an extensive training and workshop program and is embedded throughout the organization.

Introduction

All Projects of Contractor are executed in accordance with the Safety, Health, Environment, Quality and
Security standards relevant for the dredging and marine construction industry. The Project management
system of the Contractor is certified for ISO 9001 (Quality), ISO 14001 (Environment) and ISO 45001
(Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems) by Bureau Veritas Certification. Where
relevant, the Contractor vessels meet the strict requirements of the international ISM (Marine Safety)
and ISP (Security) codes. To comply with these standards, the Contractor has developed and
implemented an integrated management system (Way of Working). This system contains all the required
SHE-Q policies, procedures, formats and information for both the management of Projects worldwide, as
well as for the management of the fleet.

The Project Health and Safety Manual [B1] is prepared for the Works and sites where the Contractor
executes the Works for compliance with local and international laws, regulations and Employer’s
requirements. All workers, employees, subcontractors, suppliers and all others involved in the Works
shall adhere to this overarching Project Health and Safety Manual in order to ensure the safe execution
of the work, the safeguarding of personnel’s health, security and the minimization of environmental
impacts.

Contractor Incident Reporting and Investigation Procedure contains protocols in respect to the timely
reporting, investigation, follow-up and feedback to personnel of all accidents, incidents, damages,
environmental losses / spills and near misses. Reference is also made to the Emergency Response
Plan [B4].

Work Method Statements HSS Risk Assessment

This Method Statement includes work activity specific hazard identification and risk assessments for
which reference is made to Appendix A.

The objectives of the Method Statement Risk Assessment are as follows:

1. Identify and describe health, safety and security (HSS) hazards and threats at the earliest
practicable stage of the Method Statement development;
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2. Record HSS hazards and control measures in a standard format to assist communication with the
developers and users of the Method Statement;
3. Verify the Method Statement hazards and controls with the Subject Matter Experts (SME);
4. Identify the high potential and critical HSS risks associated with the Method Statement; and
5. Create a ‘living document’ which is updated as additional hazards and control measures are
identified during Method Statement implementation.

Further reference is made to the Project Risk Register [B5].

Environment & Social Management

The Environment Management Plan provides the management framework to mitigate environmental
impacts as a result of Contractor’s Project activities, and ensure compliance with relevant environmental
requirements.

For the Reclamation, a key potential impact on the environment is associated with the increase of
suspended sediment concentrations during spraying and reclamation activities.

An increase of suspended sediment can negatively impact sensitive receivers, such as seagrass and
benthic ecology, by causing turbidity (reduction of the amount of sunlight that is able to penetrate the
water column) and increased sedimentation (covering the adjacent seabed in a layer of sediments). In
order to continuously monitor the turbidity as a result of the sand key construction activities, monitoring
buoys will be installed and operated by Engineer adjacent to the Site. Management of suspended
sediments will occur based upon an adaptive management approach as outlined in more detail in the
Environment Management Plan [B2]. Dredging direction, dredging time and use turbidity valve in
overflow are examples of precautionary and preventive measures to prevent migration of plume,
sediments, turbidity.

For Contractor’s social management framework, please refer to Social Management Plan [B6] and
Community Grievance Mechanism [B7]

Quality Management

The Quality Management System [B8] sets out the overall strategy and CONTRACTOR Way of Working
(WOW) Quality Management System to monitor the project quality from an Administrative, Document
Control, Quality Assurance and Quality Control point of view.
The QMS Plan discusses the various Inspection and Test Plans (ITPs), submitted separately for review.
Validation of the operation/ installation/ product, Quality Control and Technical Integrity of the works.
The ITPs focus on how Contractor will meet the rigorous contractual quality control requirements.

Project Verification / Quality Control

Contractor’s quality control process is described in its Quality Management System [B8] outlines the
control activities during the planning, execution and completion phases of the Project and contributes to
awareness of the project team’s organization towards quality of the product.

The purpose of this is to control and verify that predetermined project control activities are carried out.
Ultimately it is to ensure that the end product conforms to the Employer’s Requirements and relevant
standards.

Particular reference is made to Inspection & Test Plans (ITP’s), which describe the actual inspection and
testing activities that are scheduled to be performed during the Project. The input for the planning of
these inspection and test plans is derived from the contract requirements. Further breakdown of quality
control
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activities can be obtained by means of the relevant inspection and test plans prepared for the specific
execution activities.

The ITP Reclamation Works [B9] is also linked to this Method Statement and can be found in Appendix
B, other project related deliverables are referenced as indicated throughout this Method Statement.

Kick-off meeting reclamation works

Contractor will hold a kick-off meeting for the reclamation works with personnel involved to ensure that
the team is aware of roles and responsibilities, communication lines, inspections and envisioned work
methods. Engineer will be invited to attend this kick-off meeting.

Contractual conditions

Contractual conditions for the Reclamation Works are detailed in the Employer’s Requirements –
General Requirements [A5]. The methods of reclamation as described in this MS have been determined
and chosen by Contractor based on, but not limited to, the conditions detailed in sections section 4 on
Reclamation Works, and section 6 regarding fill material. The compliance table below contains the
requirements for this document as stated in the Employer’s Requirements –General Requirements,
Section 3.6, in addition to any other applicable contractual requirements.

Table 1: Compliance Table

Employer’s Requirements – Compliance table

Ref.
ER Compliance Proposed alternative (if
Nr. Section Requirement section in
Volume (Yes / No) no)
this doc.
General 3.6.1 General description of the Yes - 1, 5, 6, 8,
1
Works and location 9
General 3.6.1 Contractor’s Equipment to Yes - 7
2 be used to carry out the
Works
General 3.6.1 Organization; supervision Yes - 10
3 and responsibility of the
personnel and workforce
General 3.6.1 Site planning and Yes - 8
4
preparation
General 3.6.1 Detailed work methodology Yes - 5, 8, 9
with illustrations showing
5
how Works will be carried
out
General 3.6.1 Production rates No Reference to the Sub- 8
Clause 8.3 Programme
[B21], or other future Work
6
Sequence document as
agreed in consultation with
Engineer.
General 3.6.1 Design calculations, where No Reference to: -
7 applicable Design Manual [B24]
DED Update 1 [A7]

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 Technical Specifications for
Reclamation Island A, B
[B25, B14]
General 3.6.1 Risk assessment and hazard No Reference to the Health 3, 4
8 identification; and Safety Manual [B1] and
Project Risk Register [B5]
General 3.6.1 Environment, Safety and No Reference to Health and 3
9
Health requirements Safety Manual [B1]
General 3.6.1 Emergency procedures No Reference to Project 3
10 Emergency Response Plan
[B4]
General 3.6.1 Permit requirements Yes - 11
11
General 3.6.1 Inspection and testing plans No Reference to ITP 4
12
and procedures Reclamation Works [B9]
General 3.6.1 Monitoring plans Yes - 3, 4
13
General 3.6.1 Reporting Yes - 12
14

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4. LOCAL CONDITIONS

Weather forecasting

In order to maintain safe working operations, weather forecasts shall be obtained from external weather
forecasting organisation MeteoGroup at regular intervals prior to sailing to monitor prevailing
conditions, and updates maintained while en route.

The following illustrates possible information to be included in weather reports:

1. Synoptic situation.
2. Wind speeds at 10m and 50m above sea level;
3. Wave height (significant, maximum and extreme), and period;
4. Swell height, direction and period;
5. State of weather (e.g. rain, fair);
6. Visibility; and
7. Air temperature and pressure.

Further information regarding rainfall or other adverse weather information systems can be found in the
Typhoon Response Plan [B11].

Tidal

As the South China Sea is not an amphidromic region, and the Project is located in a sheltered bay on
the Western side of the Philippine archipelago, a limited tidal range is observed, as shown below in
Table . In accordance with contractual requirements, MSL (Mean Sea Level) will be used for the
presentation of depth and height information.

Table 2: Commonly referred tidal ranges, in meters to MSL

HAT MHWS MHHW MHW MSL MLW MLLW MLWS LAT

+1.11 +0.72 +0.52 +0.37 +0.00 -0.36 -0.47 -0.66 -1.04

Abbreviations utilised:
HAT – Highest Astronomical Tide
MHWS – Mean High Water Spring
MHHW – Mean Highest High Water
MHW – Mean High Water
MSL – Mean Sea Level
MLW – Mean Low Water
MLLW – Mean Lowest Low Water
MLWS – Mean Low Water Spring
LAT – Lowest Astronomical Tide

Dredged Material

The dredged materials as found within project Site in Manila Bay mainly consist of the Quaternary
Alluvium which are unconsolidated deposits of sand, clay, silt, and gravel. The presence of organic
effluent from outfalls and rivers within Manila Bay may potentially result in the risk of presence of H2S,
further evaluation and mitigating measures of which can be found in the H2S Methane Plan [B12].

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 UXO

UXO’s (Unexploded Ordnance) such as sea mines, air-dropped bombs and artillery shells have proven
in the past to potentially create hazards for people and could also result in damages to a vessel,
potentially impacting on the timeline of the delivery of a project. It is therefore essential to reduce the
risks involved with the presence of UXOs to a minimum.

To overcome the risks of encountering UXO during the dredging of sand from the assigned borrow
area(s) and Contractor has conducted a desk study into the potential presence of UXO in the area.
Based on the results of this desk study, it may be decided to proceed with a UXO survey before
implementing further mitigation measures as considered necessary.

UXO risk that will be encountered on the site during sand fill on reclamation works is minimal since all
material is first loaded on board of the TSHD before discharging. Besides this Contractor has conducted
a desk study into the potential presence of UXO in the area. Conclusion was made that the risk is less
as in the dredging areas. Contractor and Engineer will proceed with a UXO survey at the Site and
relevant borrow areas respectively before implementing further mitigation measures as considered
necessary. A UXO Chance Find Procedure [B13] is developed by Contractor to outline the procedure,
precautions, control measures and appropriate protection to personnel, vessels, environment and other
assets upon detecting the presence of a potential UXO. This procedure details the line of
communication in the event of a UXO discovery.

Sand Fill Material

The sand fill material is sourced from the San Nicolas Shoals newly instructed borrow area, also
defined as the PRA 1000 Ha area. The borrow area is shown in Figure 2. When insufficient sand is
encountered other sand sources may also be considered.

Figure 2: San Nicholas Shoals newly instructed borrow area

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Placed sand will fulfil the characteristics as stated in Table 6-2 of Employer’s Requirements – Basic
Construction Requirements (overleaf, Figure 3), provided that the sand at the designated borrow area
SNS meets the minimum expected specifications (refer to Submission 8: Letter of Tender – Narrative
[A11]).

Figure 3 Extract from ER - BCR, Table 6-2 Suitable fill material general requirements

Upon completion of the Works until final elevation +4.13m MSL, boreholes shall be conducted in
accordance with Table 6-5 of Employer’s Requirements – Basic Construction Requirements to verify
the quality of placed material. The boreholes (8 boreholes on island A and 3 boreholes on island B)
shall be executed at locations agreed in consultation with Engineer and shall extend through the entire
depth of the fill material.

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5. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

This chapter outlines the type and capabilities of the plant and equipment which will be used for
execution of the works as described in this Method Statement. The specifications of the foreseen
deployed vessels (or their equivalent) can be found in Appendix D.

Mobilization

The following plant is currently foreseen to be mobilized to execute the reclamation works:
 Mid-size Trailing Suction Hopper Dredgers (TSHD)
o Gateway;
o Oranje;
o Prins der Nederlanden;
o Francis Beaufort;
o Filippo Brunelleschi; and
 Jumbo-size TSHD
o Vasco da Gama;
o Fairway
 Spreader Pontoons MSP1, MSP2, and DN10;
 Various marine auxiliary equipment (tugs, multicats, launch boat, etc); and
 Land Based Equipment (LBE) units (bulldozer, excavator, wheel loader, dump trucks, pipe
trailers..etc).

For further details and specifications of all employed plant during execution and their mobilization,
please refer to the Mobilization Plan [B15].

Description Primary Marine Equipment

Trailing Suction Hopper Dredgers (TSHD) will be used to dredge, transport and supply the sand
necessary for the reclamation works.

Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger

A Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) is a seagoing self-propelled free-floating vessel that loads
dredged material such as sand for land reclamation into its hopper well. The TSHD’s dredging process
consists of a cycle of loading (dredging), transporting (sailing full), discharging, and sailing empty.

Dredging takes place through the suction pipes installed alongside the vessel. The sand is loosened
and collected by means of the dragheads, which are located at the lower end of the suction pipes.
Dredge pumps in the vessel or integrated in the suction pipe, lift the mixture of sand and water into the
hopper well. Contractor’s TSHD’s are equipped with adjustable overflows which can be raised and
lowered in order to limit or increase the outflow of transport water from the hopper. This system is used
to ensure that the TSHD’s can work at maximum efficiency. When dredging sand itis used to ensure the
fines percentage in the hopper is as low as practically possible and when dredging fine materials it is
used to limit re-siltation of the dredged area. After dredging, the TSHD stops pumping, lifts the suction
pipe and draghead on deck and sails to the discharge area.

At the reclamation area, the TSHD can discharge the load of sand via controlled bottom door dumping
by pumping the material through the pipeline or by controlled discharge via her suction pipe. A typical
large TSHD is shown below, in Figure 4.

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Figure 4: Typical Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger

In principle the main elements of the TSHD, as depicted in Figure 4, are:

 Standard ship’s installation (1) for example the engines, the crew’ quarters, the bridge with
navigational controls, etc;
 The draghead (2), connected at the lower end of the suction pipe. This drag head loosens and
collects the sand using teeth and/or water jets. Different types of dragheads can be fitted,
depending on the soil conditions;
 The (underwater) dredging pump (3), which pumps the mixture from the seabed into the hopper
well and from the hopper well to the reclamation area;
 The suction pipe (4) and deck pipelines through which the mixture is transported;
 The hopper well (5) is the ship’s cargo hold. A mixture of sand and water is pumped into the
hopper well and most of the water is evacuated through the overflow system. The sand
remains in the hopper well during transport until discharge.

Spreader Pontoon

A Spreader Pontoon consists as a minimum of a pontoon, pipeline for transport of material, an outflow
head and a combination of winches, wires and anchors for positioning. A Spreader Pontoon is used in
combination with a dredger to discharge dredged material (sand) in a controlled way under water.

The Spreader Pontoon described in this method statement is equipped with two discharge arms, which
enables to install thin layers of material in a controlled way. This ability to install thin layers is used to
prevent instability of underlying sediments or for capping of the (original) seabed. The minimum layer
thickness that can be placed in one operation is on average 0.5m. The sand can be placed
approximately up to MSL depending on pontoon’s draft (remark: if the pontoon’s draft allows and if
desired, reclamation to a higher level under water or above water level can take place by lifting the
discharge arms or replacing the discharge arms by a spreader jet system).

The discharge arms distribute the material mixture equally over the entire width of the Spreader
Pontoon in order to install a uniform layer thickness. The Spreader Pontoon is positioned on four (4)
anchors and is moving continuously in order to evenly spray the fill material in layers of equal thickness.

For the specification and description of the Spreader Pontoon types intended to be used (Figure 5)
reference is made to

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Appendix C: Specifications

Figure 5: Modular Spreader Pontoon 1 (MSP-1)

Description Auxiliary Marine Equipment

Auxiliary equipment is foreseen to assist the above-mentioned main equipment during the execution of
the works. A description is given in the following sections.

Anchor Handling Tug Support Vessel (AHTS)

An Anchor Handling Tug Support (AHTS) vessel such as a multicat and/or tugboat will be made
available to assist the Spreader Pontoon with a range of tasks such as the shifting of the anchor, the
coupling of the floating pipeline, the positioning of the floating line, or other logistical support where
required.

A multicat is a versatile self-propelled multipurpose working vessel, equipped with winches on a flat-
deck vessel (see below Figure 6), specially designed to provide support to dredging operations. Most
multicats are twin screw vessels which make them highly manoeuvrable. Multicats’ shallow draft, winch
and hydraulic crane make these vessels extremely versatile, and perfectly adequate in order to
reposition anchors and the Spreader Pontoon. A tugboat and/or another multicat can also be used to
assist the TSHD with the bow coupling upon her arrival for connection to the floating line.

The multicat and/or tug is used for:

 Anchor handling;
 Handling, towing or pushing of the Spreader Pontoon during the repositioning;
 Handling, towing, pushing and connecting the floating pipelines;
 Support to connect floating pipeline to the shore connections;
 Support with repairs on the TSHD and Spreader Pontoon; and
 Logistical support.

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 Figure 6: Multicat vessel during anchor handling

Survey Vessel

During the reclamation works, a survey vessel will undertake the bathymetric monitoring and verification
of progress of the work. For vessel specifications and functions, please refer to Section 9 or see the
Survey Method Statement [A)B16].

Crew Transfer Vessel

A support vessel will be allocated to the marine dredging and reclamation spread for the purpose of
crew transfers and logistics, providing additional support where and when necessary.

Land Based Equipment (LBE)

For reclamation works the types and size of land-based equipment is determined by the
requirements for lifting capacity, reach, production, and ground pressure. The final quantity and
specification of the land-based equipment depends on the final thickness and heights of the layer(s)
discharged, the final sequence of the areas and the eventually combination with other activities (re-
handling / ground improvement, etc). Contractors will carefully plan the sand fill activities as such that
the land-based equipment working on/with the newly placed hydraulic fill will do so while having their
stability safeguarded along the process (avoiding areas with unstableness or insufficient settling time
or drainage).

Bulldozer

A bulldozer is a tracked machine with a wide blade. It has wide tracks to ensure the low ground pressure
required to drive close to the discharge pipe while the discharging of dredged material is taking place,
see Figure 7. Depending on the requirements, different configurations can be deployed (wider/shorter
blades or tracks etc.).

Bulldozers are used for the following activities:

 Construction of bunds;
 Installation and dismantling of pipelines;

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  Spreading and draining of dredged material; and
 Levelling and trimming of reclamation area.

Figure 7: Bulldozers installing temporary bunds

Draining of dredged material is performed by continuously driving on the reclamation, by compressing

the sand water mixture, the water is drained and flows out of the reclamation. The subtraction of the
water improves the compaction and accessibility of the reclamation.

Excavator

A hydraulic excavator consists of a rotating platform, boom, stick and bucket on a driving
undercarriage. The undercarriage is deployed with tracks, see Figure 8. Depending on the
requirements, different configurations can be deployed (longer/short boom and stick configuration,
different size of buckets etc.).

Excavators are used for the following activities:

 Construction of bunds;
 Assisting the spreading of dredge material
 Installation and dismantling of pipelines, pipeline road crossings and weir boxes;
 Excavation of ditches; and
 Trimming of slopes.

Figure 8: Excavators assisting the reclamation works

Wheel loader
A wheel loader is a piece of equipment with a lift arm and bucket. It is used to load and carry materials,
see Figure 9. With a hydraulic couple system, different attachments can be changed quickly for example
bucket, pallet forks or pipe clamp.

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Wheel loaders are used for the following activities:
 Transport of pipelines, fuel and water bowsers;
 Installation and dismantling of pipelines and weir boxes;
 Excavation and levelling works; and
 Loading of trucks.

Figure 9: Wheel loader

Dismantling and Demobilisation

After completion of the reclamation works, the Spreader Pontoon will be towed from the project Site to a
designated yard by a tug or multicat for dismantling.

In case of Typhoon Response, the Marine Spread will be towed or sail on own keel when possible to a
secure designated location. See the Typhoon Response Plan [A)B11].

When the TSHDs scope is completed, the TSHD will demobilize and sail towards their next assignment.

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6. DESCRIPTION OF WORKS

In the following chapters the sequence and work method of the reclamation works with the Trailing
Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD), Spreader Pontoon and sand fill operation is stipulated.

Site preparation

Prior to the commencement of the works, site preparations will be undertaken to ensure the seabed over
the reclamation work area is clear of large obstructions which triggers for unsafe situations. The main
preparations related to the reclamation work area consist of a hydrographic pre-dredge survey and
clearance of the seabed of items obstructing construction of the works as found in the survey.

The operation site boundary is envisioned to be demarcated at periodic intervals with buoys, as per
illustrated in Figure 10.

Figure 10 Project Exclusion Zone (PEZ)

A layout plan for the demarcation buoys will be prepared in consultation with Employer, Engineer and
Authorities. Project Execution Zone coordinates can be found below in Table 1.

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Table 1 Coordinates of PEZ

Other preparation activities may include setting up of reference systems for surveying and
installation/checking of navigational aid equipment, while onboard the TSHD, prevailing weather
conditions will be ascertained.

Reclamation Work Stages

The reclamation will be constructed under soft soil conditions which require the work to be built up in
stages as determined as part of the DED Update 1 [A7] and Settlement and Stability Monitoring Manual
[B18]. During these stages the works will constantly be monitored and reviewed. Reference is made to
the Monitoring & Instrumentation Plan [B17] and aforementioned Settlement and Stability Monitoring
Manual [B18] for the outline of the monitoring method and interface between Operations, Survey and
Engineering Departments.

Works for setting up a reclamation area will comprise of the following (consecutive) stages and is not
depending on work sequence as shown in Figure 13:

1. Where sufficient water depth is available, discharging of reclamation sand by means of a

Spreader Pontoon is performed in horizontal layers of predefined thickness. This (careful)
placing method avoids mixing of sand with the soft top layer of the existing seabed as much as
practically possible and reduces the probability for local instabilities in the top layer significantly.
Details for placing sand with a Spreader Pontoon are presented in Section 7.2. Where sufficient
water depth is available and where the soil at seabed is competent (zero or negligible thickness
of soft soil), controlled dumping via the bottom door of the TSHD will be used to discharge the
sand within the reclamation area. A controlled discharge via the suction pipe of the TSHD may
also be used. The methods of controlled dumping via the bottom doors or controlled discharge
via the suction pipe may, for example, be applied to filling works in the previously dredged pits
and in the sand keys. Regardless of method, care will be taken in safeguarding the stability of
side slopes.

2. When the water depth at a location becomes, or is, too shallow for the Spreader Pontoon to
operate in, the work method is changed. The shallow areas are further heightened until an
initial platform level at approximately +1.5 m MSL by discharging of the TSHD through the
shore pipeline (pump ashore method). As the level of the reclamation increases, land-based
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 equipment will distribute and level the discharged material on shore, extend the land pipeline
system and install new shore connections for the Spreader Pontoon. Contractor will use several
shore connections in order to reach all areas. Temporary bunds, if required, will be made with
earth moving equipment and delivered dredge material. Suitable temporary drains/outlets, see
example weir box in Figure 11, may be installed at the perimeter bund in order to minimise the
loss material out of the reclamation boundary during reclamation operations. When sufficient
clearance above the water level has been established, Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) will
be installed to accelerate the consolidation process and increase the rate at which the subsoil
gains strength. A separate method statement ([B18] Ground Improvement) will be prepared for
this PVD operation. Details for the discharging through pipeline are given in Section 7;

Figure 11: Detailed cross section weir box – temporary drain

3. After and during the finalizing the installation to the initial platform level (target at + 1.5 m
MSL level), existing temporary containment bunds and outlets will be raised and the TSHD
will continue to discharge material ashore until the required level (see Section 7.5). During
this finalizing stage of the discharge activities the prefabricated vertical drains installation will
continue. The final Reclamation level will be achieved by re-handling the sand from the
construction slopes, future channels and flats.

Figure 12: Reclamation construction stages (not to scale)

Work Sequence

The construction activities for Island A and B are broken down in to 8 Phases, as illustrated below in
Figure 13, in order to mitigate the impact of the non-availability of access to the Site and to fully
commence and progress the Works in accordance with the revised programme. Reference is made to
Contractor’s Programme Narrative [B26].
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The combined surface of areas of Phases 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 totals 265 ha. These Phases are constructed
in two steps: a) hydraulic filling using spray pontoon (below water) and land reclamation to +1.5 m MSL
and b) hydraulic filling by land reclamation to +4 m MSL.

Phase 2, 6 and 8 (and part of Phase) 4 are temporary berms. Most of the placed material in these berms
will be rehandled into the Permanent Works, namely Phase 3, 4, 5 and/or 7, once pre-loading is
completed.

For Phase 8 only the majority of the material will remain in place within the footprint of the future Island
C.

Figure 13: Sections Islands A and B

The locations of the sections for the +1.5 m MSL level and the +4.0 m MSL level are slightly different in
order to facilitate the fastest time for completion for each section (see Figure 14 and Figure 15).
Sequence of the reclamation works will be in line with below definition of the sections at the +1.5 m MSL
level and the +4.0 m MSL level.

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Figure 14: Top view representation of the adjusted definition of Sections at +1.5 m MSL level.

Figure 15: top view representation of the adjusted definition of Section at +4.0 m MSL level

Stage 1: Spraying with the Spreader Pontoon (to -3m MSL) or Controlled Dumping
/ Discharge with the TSHD

Where sufficient water depth is available, discharging of dredged material by means of a Spreader
Pontoon is performed in a horizontal layer with a predefined thickness. This (careful) placing method is
required from a design point of view where soft material is present, see also the DED Update 1 [A7] to
allow a safe layered construction of the fill. Moreover, it avoids mixing of sand with the soft top layer of
the existing seabed as much as practically possible and reduces the probability for smaller local
instabilities in the top layer.

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Figure 16: Stage 1: spraying in layers (not to scale)

The Spreader Pontoons are equipped with either two discharge arms or a spreader beam, and four
controllable winches. This combination enables the installation of thin layers of material in a controlled
manner (see Figure 16) , with a 0.5m-layer thickness being the minimum (see Section 6.2.2).

Gentle overall under water slopes can be created by placing thin layers on top of each other and
allowing for sufficient distance between the crest and toe lines of subsequent layers.

Where sufficient water depth is available and where the soil at seabed is competent (zero or negligible
thickness of soft soil), controlled dumping via the bottom door of the TSHD will be used to discharge the
sand within the reclamation area. A controlled discharge via the suction pipe of the TSHD may also be
used. The methods of controlled dumping via the bottom doors or controlled discharge via the suction
pipe may, for example, be applied to filling works in the previously dredged pits and in the sand keys.
Regardless of method, care will be taken in safeguarding the stability of side slopes.

The entire reclamation area, including the working area of the Spreader Pontoon will be marked by
buoys and signs will be placed at the project Site to indicate that Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
is required and that it is a restricted work area. A Notice to Mariners will be issued accordingly to inform
all about the reclamation and sand infilling works being undertaken. For an overview of the work
boundary and location of the buoys and site demarcation, reference is made to the drawing in the
Notice to Mariners – Project Exclusion Zone [B22].

Discharging by opening the bottom doors

Once the TSHD arrives in the reclamation area, she will reduce her speed to dead-slow in order to
approach the discharge location and come to a standstill. Once above the discharge location (monitored
via TSHD monitoring system as described in Section 9.2.1) the operator starts opening the doors in a
controlled manner to discharge the allocated volume as per the location of the door being opened. Each
door can be controlled separately. This process of controlled dumping can take between 15 minutes to 1
hour depending on the targeted discharge location and precise volume to be allocated. Discharging via
the bottom doors provides an initial build-up of a reclamation area where water depth and keel clearance
are sufficient for the dredgers and where the soil at seabed is competent. Figure 17 shows a TSHD
discharging material via her bottom doors.

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Figure 17: TSHD discharging at reclamation area's footprint via bottom doors

Discharging by the suction pipe

Once above the discharge location the suction pipe is lowered as close as possible to the seabed
(monitored via TSHD monitoring system as described in Section 9.2.1) and the pumps are started to
pump the sand out of the hopper well via the suction pipe directly to the seabed. The operator can shift
the vessel with dynamic positioning and adjust the depth of the suction pipe to install material in a
controlled manner to discharge the allocated volume according to the targeted location. This process of
controlled discharge via suction pipe takes a few hours depending on the targeted discharge location
and precise volume to be allocated. Discharging via the suction pipe provides a controlled build-up of a
backfilling area where water depth and keel clearance are sufficient for the dredgers and where the soil
at seabed is competent.

Connecting with Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD)

When the TSHD approaches the discharge point, she will be connected to the Spreader Pontoon via a
floating line in combination with a shoreline and floating line, depending on the work phase reached.
The line of the bow connection will be picked either directly by the TSHD crew or by a designated
support vessel and passed to the TSHD once her bow is in reach for connection. Figure 15 illustrates a
TSHD connected to a floating line.

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Once the first reclaimed land will be above water, a shoreline will be installed (after levelling) with
several shore connections for connection of the floating line to the Spreader Pontoon. The shore
connections will be made with Y-pieces in combination with hydraulic controlled valves. By using these
valves shifting of the hydraulic flow of sand/water mixture between the Spreader Pontoon and the pump
ashore pipeline(s) / sandfill operation is a quick and easy process. As the works progress, new shore
connections will be made by installing shorelines on the reclaimed area. The total length of the
shoreline will vary from 0 m up to 4,000 m depending of the shore configuration. The total length of the
floating pipeline will be up to approximately 2,500m depending on the Spreader Pontoon and spraying
set-up.

As indicated in Section 7.2, the reclamation area of Island A and B is divided in a number of main
sections which will all be sprayed by using different shore connections.

Spraying in Layers
The discharge arms of the Spreader Pontoon distribute the material mixture equally over the entire
width of the spraying pontoon in order to install a uniform layer thickness (see Figure 19). The Spreader
Pontoon is positioned and controlled with four (4) winches/anchors and is moving continuously in order
to evenly spray the fill material in layers of equal thickness.

During the discharge of the TSHD, the sand/water flow velocity and density data from the TSHD will be
by means of telemetry transferred to the Spreader Pontoon. With this data, the required manoeuvring
speed of the pontoon is calculated to place a fill layer of a specified / pre-determined thickness. The
hauling in and paying out speed of the four (4) anchor winches are adjusted accordingly
The thickness of the different layers to be deposited in the reclamation area is initially determined in the
Settlement & Stability Monitoring Manual [B18]. However, during the operations the layer thickness may
be adjusted on the basis of the relevant hydrographical and geotechnical information of the reclamation
and its subsoil. After spraying of each layer, a hydrographic survey will be carried out and the data from
this survey will be used to confirm / adjust the details of the next spray area and layer. Reference is
made to the Monitoring & Instrumentation Plan [B17] for more details on this (iterative) sand fill control
process.
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 Figure 19: Modular Spreader Pontoon (MSP) spraying

Anchoring
The Spreader Pontoon is winched sideways and forwards / backwards over the reclamation area
using four (4) winches on the pontoon which are connected to four (4) anchors, while the sand-water
mixture supplied by the TSHD via the pipeline, flows through the discharge arms and into profile
(Figure 20).

The anchor positions will remain fixed during discharge of one hopper load (one (1) spray area). In
between the hopper loads the anchors will be repositioned using a shallow drafted multicat (see Section
5.2.4). With regard to the production process, the shifting and handling of the anchors has to take place
with no delay time to the reclamation process. To achieve this optimum reclamation process, it requires
close coordination between the crew of the Spreader Pontoon, supervision, survey and auxiliary fleet
staff & crew members.

In order to ensure a continuous controlled process, the anchor positions will be determined prior to
shifting and the multicat will be equipped with positioning equipment so that the anchors will be placed at
these pre-determined positions.

The dimensions of the spray area and the accompanying anchor patch size is based on the available
winch wire capacity. The patches can be extended by using extension anchor wires (forerunners) in
between the anchor and the anchor wire support pontoons.
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Figure 20: MSP including anchor wire support pontoons

To avoid and/or limit the anchor wire touching the sea bed, fairlead towers are installed on the Spreader
Pontoon, and Anchor Wire Support Pontoons (AWSP) can be used if required.

The sequence of the different layers to be sprayed in the area to be reclaimed and the patch sizes will
be determined and adjusted on the basis of the relevant hydrographical and geotechnical information of
the reclamation and its subsoil.

Stage 2: placing fill to initial platform level at approx. +1.5m MSL

When the water depth at a location becomes too shallow for the Spreader Pontoon to operate in, the
work method is changed. The shallow areas are further heightened by adopting a traditional method of
land reclamation engaging land-based equipment in combination with shore pipelines.

Figure 18: Stage 2: placing fill to +1.5 MSL (not to scale)

The construction design is based on placement of reclamation to the tentative level of +1.5 m MSL (see
Figure ).

As the level of the reclamation increases, land-based equipment will distribute and level the discharged
material, extend the land pipeline system and install new shore connections for the Spreader Pontoon.

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When sufficient clearance above the water level has been established, prefabricated vertical drains will
be installed to accelerate the consolidation process and, hence, the strength of the subsoil.

For the installation method of the prefabricated vertical drain reference is made to the Method Statement
Ground Improvement [A)B23].

Dredging Pipelines
Shore based pipelines will be installed following the reclamation progress to transport the sand to its
final destination within the reclamation footprint (see Figure 21). Through a Y-piece the main landline is
divided into two sublines. These pipelines will be positioned and installed (in 12 m sections) on a
continuous basis with the use of an excavator or a wheel loader supported with the shore-based pipe
fitter team to establish pipeline connections with required bolts, nuts and gaskets.

Figure 21: Network and installation of pipelines

Figure 22: land reclamation engaging land-based equipment in combination with shore pipeline

During the reclamation process the pipelines will be extended at its immediate work front with the use of
so-called quick fit pipes, preventing during the discharge process to establish bolt/nut inter shore
pipeline connections. These quick fits are engaged whilst the TSHD continues to discharge its material.

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 Figure 23: Schematic drawing quick coupling pipes

A wheel loader will bring a pipe with quick coupling system and place it within reach of an excavator.
The excavator will be hooked up to the pipe by using a chain sling. The excavator will move the end of
the quick coupling pipe over the discharging pipe, see Figure 24. At the same time a bulldozer will
push the new pipe sideways into the desired direction. If discharging is stopped or switched over to
another discharge location by using the hydraulic valves, the quick coupling pipes can be replaced by
flanged pipes (main line) and the quick coupling pipes reused during the next discharge.

At the end of the pipeline diffuser caps can be used, in order to reduce the downward force of the
mixture into the sub layers.

Figure 24: Pipeline quick coupling system

Reclamation Flow Direction and Compaction

Excavators and bulldozers will be deployed on the sand fill area in order to manage the flow of the sand
and water mixture. Low ground pressure bulldozers, operated by specialists, drive in front of the
discharge pipe to release the water from the freshly placed material.

The bulldozer’s blade is used to create channels and bund walls in the sand just below/above the water
surface to direct the sand/water mixture to the desired location, see Figure 24. Small bund walls will be
established to direct the flow of the material water mixture and demark future boundaries such as areas
where slopes are to be constructed.

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The bulldozer blade can also be used directly to deflect the sand water mixture. The constant driving of
the bulldozers over the deposited sand while the mixture is still flowing will increase the draining of water
and initial compaction level of the sand in the reclamation.

Figure 25: Reclamation works in progress

Topographic progress surveys will be used to indicate the required level achievement in the respective
reclamation working area.

The sequence of the reclamation layer(s) until the initial platform level (+1.5 m MSL) will be determined
and adjusted based on the relevant hydrographical and geotechnical information of the reclamation and
its subsoil.

Stage 3: placing fill until required level

After finalizing the initial platform level (target at +1.5 m MSL level), the TSHD will continue to discharge
material ashore through the onshore pipeline system until the required level is reached (see Figure 26).

Figure 26: Stage 3: placing fill until required level (not to scale)

The required level will be determined after updating the final volume balance based on information
gathered during the reclamation operation. The volume of sand that is to be placed outside the profile (to
follow the design / geotechnical requirements) and the volume that will be re-handled and used on top of
the reclamation as well as the actual settlements will have an effect on the volume balance. The final
handover level(s) will be achieved by re-handling the sand from the construction slopes, channels and
flats.

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The final sequence of the reclamation layer(s) until the required level will be determined and adjusted
on the basis of the relevant hydrographical and geotechnical information of the reclamation and its
subsoil.

Reclamation until required level

Around the areas that will be filled up until the required level, bunds will be constructed using the
bulldozers and excavators in preparation of the reclamation works taking place.

The installation of the pipelines and levelling of the area will be executed similar as to what is described
in Section 7.4.

During the finalizing stage of the discharge activities the Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) installation
will continue. The vertical drain installation, compaction works and quality control of the density of the
fill will be described in a separate method statement Ground Improvement [B23].

Control procedure

The control procedure to accurately plan, execute, monitor and re-evaluate the filling operation will be
described in a separate manual ref [A)B18] Settlement and Stability Monitoring Manual.

7. PROJECT ORGANIZATION & DIVISION OF RESPONSIBLITIES

Project Organisation

For a detailed overview of all Project Key Personnel and the observed hierarchy, please refer to the
Project Organization Chart [B19]. Figure 27 is an excerpt from said chart illustrating the operational
members directly involved in the dredging scopes detailed in this document and their main lines of
communication.
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Figure 27: Personnel organogram

Responsibilities

It is the responsibility of all Contractor management, staff and personnel to comply with the procedures
set out in this document during the operations described in this method statement. Further roles and
responsibilities are detailed subsequently.

The Project Director will ensure that:

 Contractor is represented during the whole contract;
 Overall responsible for the successful and safe conduct of this project;
 Prepare, execute and report all project activities in a controlled and efficient manner;
 All personnel have been briefed on safety, environmental and emergency procedures.

The Site Manager will ensure that:

 Reclamation activities are carried out in accordance with this method statement; and
 Necessary permits are obtained before starting the works.

The Works Manager, Vessel Master and Superintendent(s) will ensure that:
 Open and regular communication feedback loops are maintained between the Operations,
Design & Engineering, and Survey teams.
 The Operations and Engineering/design Departments will review the survey data on a
daily basis in order to verify the quality of the executed works and to assess if next sand fill
layer within a predefined area can be placed.
 Execute remedial measures, if required, as designed by the Engineering Department.
 Data is collected and provided (such as track logs, anchor positions, etc) when required for
proper analysis.
 Safety in general is guaranteed during operations.
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  Prestart meeting, weekly toolbox meetings are organized and carried out.
 All relevant information with regards to Contract Documentation and Drawings are provided
to the foremen at the working area active on the Scope.

The Survey Department will provide:

 Diff-charts between the two most recent successive surveys in the reclaimed areas
 Diff-charts between latest survey and the pre-construction survey; and
 Cross-sectional profiles of the relevant sand key areas.

The Engineering department (including the Geotechnical Engineer) will:

 Prepare look-ahead schedule for the sand key activities based on overall schedule.
 Perform the analysis on previously installed layers and validate and approve the installation
of subsequent layers;
 Determine the action plan; and
 Report the outcome of the analysis to the relevant departments.

The project HSS manager will:

 Advise and support the Project Management Team on HSS issues, such as Risk Assessments,
project HSSE aspects, etc.
 Induct, instruct and keep record of new project personnel, visitors and third parties.
 Perform periodic project site spot-checks, inspections to verify compliance with the HSS Plan.
 Advise and support Project Management in reporting and investigating accidents, damages,
environmental losses and near misses;
 Administrate and regularly review the HSS Plan and associated procedures; and
 Record, review and report the HSS performances in line with the Employers and Contractors
reporting requirements.
 Assist line management in the preparation of Project Hazards.
 Administrate and review regularly the Emergency Response Plan, including procedures and
documents such as the emergency telephone list; and
 Documents are approved and signed off by relevant parties.

The Quality Control Manager shall:

 Supervise the Quality Control functions/activities of a project or its parts, including
Quality Control inspection schedules and the collection of Quality Records;
 Oversee design, testing and rework logs, and ensure they meet contract and industry standards.
 Support the Construction Manager in dealing with all Quality matters; and
 Allocate Quality Control personnel to the various areas of site activity.

The Technical and Logistical Supervisor(s) will ensure that:

 There are sufficient spares for the various equipment;
 Preventative maintenance is carried out as required.
 Any repairs are followed up and executed to the highest standard.
 Sufficient material is available on site to meet the progress; and
 Material supplied on site meet requirements of specifications.

The Environmental & Social Manager shall:

 Serve as the point of contact between Project team, Employer, Engineer and Authorities for
Environmental and Social (E&S) related topics;
 Be responsible for E&S compliance and as such ensure the implementation and execution of
the required E&S measures defined in the E&S management plans during reclamation
activities;
 Create awareness on E&S matters with Project personnel;
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  Be responsible for E&S reporting and environmental monitoring;
 Ensure effective engagement and consultation with stakeholders within the project Site and
wider affected communities.

Crew, operator(s) and workers shall:

 Adhere to the Contractors’ Safety Program Values and Rules.
 Behave and work according to the project site safety measures and instructions.
 Use equipment, machines, vehicles and tools in a safe manner.
 Use and maintain PPE and rescue equipment in an appropriate manner.
 Refrain from removing or tempering with critical safety protections devices.
 Attend and participate in inductions, prestart, toolbox and safety meetings.
 Follow directions of foremen and superintendent.
 Maintain contact with superintendent regarding progress of the work; and
 Visual inspect the used equipment and supplied material.

Contractor shall, in performing the Contract, comply with applicable Laws of the Republic of the
Philippines.

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8. PERMITS

This section will present the main relevant permits required for commencement of the reclamation
works. However, please refer to the Regulatory Approval Checklist [B20] for further details and an in-
depth overview of all overarching permits relevant to the various scopes of work.

Table 3 shows the permit types applicable to the Project, and this document’s scope of work.

Table 3 General project permits

NO. Permit Description

1 Business permits & licenses
2 Project permits & licenses
3 Importation of Contractor Equipment
4 PISA & Marina Special Permits
5 Contractor personnel permits
6 Operational permits
7 Construction permits
8 ECC for dredging of the temporary access channel (if required)
9 ECC for designated offshore dumping area (if required)
9. SURVEY AND MONITORING

The main objective of surveying is to provide a positioning and guidance system for the primary
equipment and all relevant auxiliary equipment. Thereto, information is obtained about the seabed
elevations (bathymetry) and the land elevations (topography). Moreover, surveying is a quality control
method to validate work done against the design. Quantity computations are made based on measured
bathymetry and topography relative to design and the original situation. Hydrographic and topographic
measurements will be carried out within the accuracy / tolerance specified in the contract.

The survey works will be undertaken with dedicated survey vessel(s). These vessels will carry out all
surveys in the areas, where dredging and reclamation is required. During the selection of the survey
vessel special attention will be paid to the vessels hull design and construction, size, draft, propulsion
and handling.

The Contractor will appoint experienced surveyors to undertake these offshore and onshore survey
tasks. The persons appointed will be responsible to the Survey Manager and will work closely with the
Works Manager / Superintendent.

Bathymetric Surveys

For the reclamation area, a pre survey (bathymetric) will be carried out prior starting the first dredging
activities in the area. Regular intermediate progress surveys will be carried out to monitor the progress
of the reclamation works. All surveys will be updated and delivered to the dredger/spreader and to both
Construction and Engineering department for control process. Reference is made to the Survey Method
Statement [B16] for more details regarding the survey operations, but also to the Monitoring and
Instrumentation Plan [B17] and to the Settlement and Stability Monitoring Manual [B18] for the details of
the monitoring procedure and interface between Operations, Survey and Engineering Departments to
safeguard stability during reclamation.

Control & Tolerances

Dredging and Pumping Controls (TSHD)

Controlling the dredging process is supported by means of the TSHD’s monitoring system. The
computer system monitors and displays all the dredging and pumping ashore processes such as the
position and level of the drag head, pump settings, power control and bottom doors.

Input variables for the TSHD’s monitoring system are:

 Positioning in vertical and horizontal planes using differential positioning system (see Survey
Method Statement [B16]).
 Tide signal receiver, providing the real-time water level;
 Heading of the TSHD, derived from a gyrocompass;
 List, trim and draft measurements on the TSHD;
 Suction tube position monitoring system; this is a system comprising of pressure sensors and
angle transducers, which enable calculation of horizontal and vertical co-ordinates of the drag
heads, relative to the vessel; and
 The bathymetry for dredging and navigation with Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), updated
regularly by progress monitoring surveys as required.

The positioning system determines the actual vessel and drag head positions and presents the results,
relative to the area to be dredged, on navigational displays. The vessel and drag head position results
are derived by calculation from the X, Y, Z inputs from the Differential Global Positioning System
(DGPS) and tide gauge systems together with the data from the angle transducers, the pressure
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sensors and the vessel’s gyro compass. The position of the vessel and drag head(s) are visualised on
screen against a background of bathymetric data, obstacles, buoys and special features such as the
presence of existing cable(s) or pipeline(s). For example, a plan view is displayed with a coloured
differential chart showing the areas to be dredged, together with a longitudinal and cross-sectional
profile indicating the seabed level and design. The graphical display can also visualise the tracks the
TSHD has sailed previously.

The TSHD’s monitoring system allows the operator maximum control over the dredge area, both in the
horizontal and vertical planes. Examples of the operator’s displays are shown in Figure 28.

Figure 28: Monitoring System TSHD control displays: Suction tube display, suction/pumping production display and
main navigation display

Spraying Controls (MSP)

When placing thin layers of material for capping or for building a reclamation on soft soil, it is important
to ensure that the thickness of the placed layer does not exceed a certain required thickness. In these
cases, the spraying process is monitored by means of the Spreader Pontoon’s spraying monitoring
system.

Using the hydrographic survey data as uploaded into the system (see 9.1), the spreader’s monitoring
system calculates the volume of the dredged material at the end of the discharge arms based on real
time measurements of mixture density and velocity. The required layer thickness to be placed is known.
The pontoon’s hauling velocity is calculated and controlled as a function of required layer thickness and
actual production. The area will be divided in tracks having the width of the spreader arms. The winches
are controlled by the system to keep the pontoon at the defined track at the required velocity (Dynamic
Tracking System).

Input variables for the spreader’s monitoring system are:

1. RTK-DGPS Positioning system;
2. Gyro compass;
3. Ladder angle transmitter, using the list and trim angle of the pontoon’s spray arm;
4. Velocity and density of mixture in the pipeline;
5. Telemetry link, consisting of:
a. Transmitter with interface to the TSHD; and
b. Receiver with interface on Spreader Pontoon.
6. Required layer thickness.

The position of the pontoon is shown in top-view and/or side-view display of the spreader’s monitoring
system. Additionally, the design, contour lines, shoreline and shore marks are visualized next to the

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‘actual depth’-layer. In the top-view display the difference between the theoretical profile
and the actual profile is shown, see Figure 29.

Figure 29: Monitoring System MSP - Top-view display

Sensors measure the mixture concentration and velocity which feed the production
calculation and transport delay algorithm. These sensors are located on board of the TSHD
while the data is transmitted via a telemetry link to the Spreader Pontoon. The position and
heading of the pontoon are continuously measured with an RTK-DGPS and/or a
gyrocompass system on board the pontoon. The computer- controlled Spreader Pontoon will
automatically adjust the speed of the winches and therefore control its position and ensuring
spraying equal layers of material.

With the Spreader’s monitoring system or with the pre-processing tools, a set of depth
matrices can be generated containing information about the theoretical profile and the actual
‘as built’ profiles with a resolution of e.g. 0.5 or 1.0m, using the pontoon’s location, the
mixture density and velocity. The working tolerance of the Spreader Pontoon in normal
operations will be around +- 0.20m. During discharging the actual depth matrix is adapted to
the new calculated depth. Prior to start spraying, a survey will be carried out in areas where
dredged materials will be discharged. Interim surveys will be carried out in order to
continuously control the height and limits of the placed material.