1. Analyze the following words into morphs using the model given below.

Prefix(es Roo Suffix(es

) t )
inequality in- equal -ity

Hospit- aliz -ation (a) hospitalization (k) disfunctional Dus- function -al
In- visibl -y (b) invisibly (l) inconsiderate In- consider -ate
Un- interest -ing (c) uninteresting (m) postcolonial Post- coloni -al
Under- cook -ed (d) undercooked (n) unlikelihood Un- likeli -hood
Trans- continent -al (e) transcontinental (o) relationship Re- lation -ship
Un- gramma -tical (f) ungrammatical (p) asymmetrical a- Symmetric -
al
Re- inforce -ment (g) reinforcement (q) hypersensitivity Hyper- sensitiv -ity
Proto- typic -al (h) prototypical (r) unfriendliness Un- friend -li -ness
Un- forget -ttable (i) unforgettable (s) interdependence Inter- depend -ence
Im- proprie -ty (j) impropriety (t) monotheism Mono- the -ism

2. For each of the bold words in the passage from Wallace Stegner's "The Dump
Ground" below, label the inflectional suffix:

pres = present tense compr = comparative degree

past = past tense supl = superlative degree
prsprt = present participle poss = possessive case
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pstprt = past participle pl = plural number
 The place fascinated us, as it should pstprt have. For this was the kitchen midden of all the
civilization we knew. It gave us the most supl tantalizing glimpses into our neighbors' poss

lives and our own; it provided an aesthetic distance from which to know ourselves pl.
The town dump was our poetry and our history. We took pst it home with us by the
wagonload, bringing prsprt back into town the things the town had used pstprt and thrown
away. Some little part of what we gathered pst, mainly bottles, we managed to bring back to
usefulness, but most of our gleanings we left lying prsprt around barn or attic or cellar until in
some renewed pst fury of spring cleanup our families pl carted them off to the dump again,
to be rescued and briefly treasured by some other boy. Occasionally something we really
valued with a passion was snatched from us in horror and returned pst at once. That
happened to the mounted head of a white mountain goat, somebody's poss trophy from old
times and the far Rocky Mountains, that I brought pst home one day. My mother took one
look and discovered that his beard was full of moths.
I remember pres that goat; I regret him yet. Poetry is seldom useful, but always memorable.
If I were a sociologist anxious to study in detail the life of any community I would pres go
very early to its poss refuse piles. For a community may be as well judged pst by what it
throws away - what it has to throw away and what it chooses pres to - as by any other
evidence. For whole civilizations we sometimes have no more compr of the poetry and little
more of the history than this (from Wolf Willow 1955: 35-36).

3. Divide the following words into morphs (use slashes) and then list the morphemes.
Note that some words may require more than one analysis into morphemes.

Example: mice's
Answer: mice/s; {mouse} + {pl} + {poss}

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 Least; {less} + (a) least (k) our Our; {1st p} + {we} + {pl} + {poss}
{supl}
Set; set + {pres} (b) set (l) rings Ring/s; {ring} + {pl}
Set + {pst}
Set + {pstprt}
Fish; fish + {sg} (c) fish (m) sayings Say/ing/s; {say} + {gerund} +
Fish + {pl} {pl}
Should; {should} (d) should (n) broken Broke/n; {break} + {pstprt}
Hope/ed; {hope} (e) hoped (o) these These; {3rd p} + {they} + {pl}
+ {pst}
Hear/ing; {hear} + (f) hearing (p) whose Who/se; {3rd} + {sg} + {poss}
{prsprt}
{hear} + {gerund}
+ {sg}
Were; {to be} + (g) were (q) older Old/er; {old} + {compr}
{pst} + {pl}
Eld/er; {3rd p} + (h) elder (r) her Her; {3rd p} + {sg} + {poss}
{eld} + {er} + {sg}
Must; {must} (i) must (s) taken Take/n; {take} + {pstprt}
Top/most; {top} + (j) topmost (t) women's Women/’s; {3rd p} + {women} +
{spl}. {sg} + {poss}

4. Sort the prefixes in the words below into the following seven categories according to
meaning:

a. Time e. Privative
b. Number f. Negative
c. Place g. Size
d. Degree

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 Postdate (time) Maladjusted (negation)
Bifocal (degree) Outdoor (place)
Megawatt (size) Defrost (negative)
Disclose (negative) Foreshadow (time)
Polygon ( Bisexual (degree)
Subway (place) Disarm (negatiion)
Ultraconservative (size) Hyperthyroidism (size)

5. Sort the suffixes in the words below according to their class-changing function. The
categories include the following. There are two examples of each suffix.

a. N > N ster; dom; ism; e. N > A ish; fold; ic; less

b. V > N ant; ory; ure; al; f. V > A less;
c. A > N ian; hood g. N/A > Adv wise;
d. N/A > V en; ate

broaden syntactic width Idealism

participant falsehood closure Straighten
rhetorician clockwise refusal Vaccinate
gangster stardom warmth Tireless
twofold trial accidental Selfish
advisory likelihood friendless Politician
conservatism mobster kingdom Facilitate
inhabitant contradictory boyish Seizure
manifold stepwise thankless Global
historic penniless

6. Identify the syntactic pattern in each of the following compounds and express it in a
lexical rule.
Example: gravedigger N + V + -er > N
a.

b. Hovercraft V + V > N l. turnout V + A > N

c. Dairyman N + N > N m. money-hungry N + A > A
d. bath-towel V + N > N n. dugout V + A > N
e. goldfish A + N > N o. hardhearted A + N + -ed > A
f. inroads A + N > N p. homesick N + A > A
g. bystander V + N + -er > N q. proofread N + V > V
h. setback V + A > N r. overqualified A + V + ed > A
i. meltdown V + A > N s. overachieve A + V > V
j. blackout A + A > N t. badmouth A + N > N
k. stand-in V + A > V u. redhead A + N > N

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 v. birth control N + V > N ee. fighter-bomber V + -er + V + er >
w. breakfast V + N > N N
x. thoroughgoing A + V > A ff. earthenware N + -en + A > N
y. quick-change A + V > A gg. driver’s seat V + -er + ‘s + N > N
z. lukewarm A + A > A hh. baking powder V + -ing + N > N
aa. law-abiding N + V + -ing > A ii. drip-coffee V + N > N
bb. far-reaching A + V + ing > A jj. wisecrack A + V > N
cc. homemade N + V + pst > A kk. snowplow N + V > N
dd. clean-cut A + V > A

7. The following words are compounds which also include derivational affixes. Analyze
the words, identifying the roots and their parts of speech, as well all the affixes and
their function as nominalizer, verbalizer, adjectivalizer, or adverbializer.
Example: housekeeper
house (root - noun) + keep (root - verb) + -er (nominalizer)
a. Flightworthiness flight (root – noun) + worth (root – adjective) + -iness (nominalizer)
b. Chatterbox chat (root – verb) + -er (nominalizer) + box (nominalizer)
c. owner-occupied own (root – noun) + -er (nominalizer) + occupy (root – verb) + -ed
(adjectivalizer).
d. freedom-loving free (root – adjective) + -dom (nominalizer) + love (root – verb) + -ing
(adjectivalizer)
e. handicraft hand (root – noun) + -I (adjectivalizer) + craft (root – noun)
f. broken-hearted broke (root – verb) + -en (adjectivalizer) + heart (root – noun)
g. safety-tested safe (root – adjective) + -y (adjectivalizer) + test (root – verb) + -ed
(adjectivalizer)
h. worldly-wise world (root – noun) + -ly (adverbializer) + -wise (adjectivalizer)
i. antiaircraft anti (adjectivalizer) + aircraft (root – noun)
j. machine-readable machine (root – noun) + read (root – verb) + -able (adjectivalizer)
k. chartered accountant charter (root – verb) + -ed (adjectivalizer) + account (root – noun) + -
ant (nominalizer)

8. Identify the process of word formation responsible for each of the following words.
Try to determine the process before you consult a dictionary, though it may be
necessary for you to do so.

a. curio g. (a) what-not

b. (to) laze h. margarine
c. (to) network i. dystopia
d. (to) cohere j. serendipity
e. (a) sitcom k. diesel
f. (the) muppets l. (a) ha-ha
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 m. (to) make up t. canary
n. (to) total u. brain-gain
o. (the) hereafter v. boojum
p. amphetamine w. gaffe-slack
q. (a) construct x. psycho
r. (the) chunnel y. walkie-talkie
s. gestimate z. bonfire

9. The words in column A have been created from the corresponding words in column
B. Indicate the word formation process responsible for the creation of each word in
column A.

10. Column A Column B

(a) Stagflation stagnation + inflation
(b) Nostril nosu + thyrl 'hole' (in Old English)
(c) Bookie bookmaker
(d) Van caravan
(e) Amerindian American Indian
(f) CD compact disc
(g) RAM random access memory
(h) Televise television
(i) Xerox xeroxography
(j) Telethon television + marathon
(k) sci-fi science fiction
(l) Elect election
(m) Deli delicatessen
(n) Scuba self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
(o) Scavenge scavenger
(p) Hazmat hazardous material

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