Problem Set in Fluid mechanics & Hydraulics

1. The volume of granite is found to be 0.00015m3. If the granite specific gravity is 2.6,
what is the weight in Newtons?
a. 3.82 b. 3.6
c. 4.23 d. 4.51
2. Oil having a volume of one cubic foot has a mass of 2.44 slugs. Compute its specific
weight in lb/ft3, kN/m3.
a. 78.57, 12.363 b. 86.37, 19.334
c. 58.87, 15.343 d. 98.27, 22.898
3. A cylindrical tank (10m in diameter and 5m in depth) contains water at 20C (9.789
N/m3) and is brimful. If the water is heated to 50C (9.689kN/m3), how much water
will spill over the edge of the tank?
a. 4.05m3 b. 4.1m3
c. 5.1m3 d. 3.67m3
4. Determine the absolute viscosity of mercury in N.s/m2 if the viscosity in poises is
0.0158.
a. 0.0765 b. 0.00158
c. 0.0987 d. 0.789
5. Two large plane surfaces are 1 in part, and the space between them is filled with a
liquid of absolute viscosity 0.02000 lb-sec/ft2. Assuming the velocity gradient to be a
straight line, what force is required to pull a very thin plate of 4 ft2 area at a constant
speed of 1ft/sec if the plate is 1/3 in from one of the surfaces?
a. 4.32lb b. 5.67lb
c. 56.7lb d. 45.8lb
6. A cylinder of 0.122-m radius rotates concentrically inside a fixed cylinder of 0.128 m
radius. Both cylinders are 0.305 m long. Determine the viscosity of the liquid that
fills the space between the cylinders if a torque of 0.881N-m is required to maintain
an angular velocity of 60revolutions per minute.
a. 0.24 Pa-s b. 0.65Pa-s
c. 0.12Pa-s d. 0.87Pa-s
7. A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 1 liter at 2 MPa and a volume of
990cm3 at 2.5Mpa. the bulk modulus of elasticity would be;
a. 50mpa b. 2 mpa
c. 16.32mpa d. 4.5mpa
8. A small drop of water at 80⁰F is in contact with the air and has diameter 0.02 in. If
the pressure within the droplet is 0.082 psi greater than the atmosphere, what is the
value of the surface tension?
a. 0.00492 lb/ft b. 0.00654lb/ft
c. 0.00876lb/ft d. 0.00043lb/ft
9. If a bubble is equivalent to an air water interface with a surface tension of 0.005lb/ft;
what is the pressure difference between the inside and outside of a bubble of
diameter 0.003in?
a. 80psf b. 90psf
c. 85psf d. 95psf
10. Find the capillary rise in the tube for a water glass interface θ = 0⁰ if the tube radius
is 1mm and the temperature is 20C. Surface temperature of water at given
temperature is 0.0728N/m
a. 14.8mm b. 15.4mm
c. 16.2mm d. 17.1mm
11. If water with a height of 1.2m in a manometer is replaced by oil with a specific
gravity of 0.75, what is the equivalent height?
a. 1.6m b. 3.2m
c. 2.4m d. 3.3m
12. A pressure gage at elevation 6m at the side of a tank containing a liquid reads 90kpa.
Another gauge at elevation 4m reads 110 kpa. Compute for the specific weight.
a. 10 kN/m3 b. 27.5kN/m3
c. 15 kN/m3 d. nota
13. If the specific weight of the sludge can be expressed as ϒ = 0.2 + 50h, kN/m3,
determine the pressure at a depth of 4.5m.
a. 507.15kPa b. 736.95 kPa
c. 563.36 kPa d. 682.35 kPa
14. An open tank contains 5.7m of water covered with 2.8m of kerosene (y = 8kN/m3).
Find the pressure at the bottom of the tank?
a. 78.32kPa b. 22.4 kPa
c. 81.02 kPa d. 90.2 kPa
15. Find the approximate height of water upstream of the dam or the headwater in
meters, such that an air bubble, upon reaching the water surface has a volume 3
times that it had at the bottom?
a. 20.65m b. 40.5m
c. 30.7m d. 5.8m
16. If a triangle of height d and base b is vertical and submerged in a liquid with its
vertex at the liquid surface, compute the depth to its center of pressure.
a. ¾ d b. 2/3 d
c. 2/5 d d. ½ d
17. Gate AB is vertical and 5 ft wide by 3ft high hinged at point A and restrained by a
stop at point B. If stop B will break if the force on it reached 9000lb, find the critical
water depth.
a. 20.23ft b. 22.3ft
c. 21.49ft d. 24.32ft
18. What fraction of the volume of a solid piece of metal of specific gravity 7.25 floats
above the surface of a container of mercury?
a. 0.567 b. 0.603
c. 0.467 d. 0.48
19. The weight of a certain crown in air was found to be 14N and its weight in water is
12.7N. Compute its specific gravity.
a. 10.77 b. 11.7
c. 10.86 d. 11.25
20. A balloon weighs 270 lb and has a volume of 14, 900ft3. It is filled with helium, which
weighs 0.0112pcf at the temperature and pressure of the air, which weighs 0.0807
pcf. What load will the balloon support?
a. 765.5 lb b. 870.2lb
c. 796.8lb d. 812.4 lb
21. If the center of gravity of a ship in the upright position is 10m above the center of
gravity of the portion under water, the displacement being 1000metric tons, and the
ship is tipped 30⁰ causing the center of buoyancy to shift sidewise 8m. What is the
value of the moment in kg-m?
a. 3M kg-m b. 3.5M kg-m
c. 4M kg-m d. 2M kg-m
22. An open vessel 3m in diameter contains water at a depth of 3.05m and 0.91m of oil
(sg = 0.8). the tank is accelerated upward at 3 m/s2. Find the pressure at the bottom.
a. 48.4 b. 34.96
c. 22.43 d. 64.8
23. An open tank 1.82m square weighs 3, 425N and contains 0.91m of water. It is acted
upon by unbalanced force of 10,400N parallel to the pair of sides. What must be the
height in m of the sides of the tank so that no water will be spilled?
a. 1.2 b. 1.3
c. 1.4 d. 1.5
24. An open vessel 30cm in diameter and 90cm high is filled with water to depth of
45cm. Find the magnitude of the velocity in rad/s such that the vertex is just at the
bottom.
a. 28.01 b. 17.39
c. 12.22 d. 34.2
25. An open cylinder 3m high is filled up to 2m. What is its diameter if the difference in
height between the highest and lowest point of water is 600m and it is rotated
about its vertical axis at a speed of 40rpm.
a. 1.64 b. 1.62
c. 1.55 d. 1.43
26. The average velocity in a pipe flowing full of incompressible liquid is 3m/s. After
passing through a conical section that reduces streams cross sectional area to ¼ of
its previous value, the velocity after the conical section is:
a. 12 b. 6
c. 3/2 d. ¾
27. A liquid of specific gravity 1.75 flows in a 6cm horizontal pipe. The total energy at a
certain point in the flow is 80m. the elevation of the pipe above a fixed datum is
2.6m. If the pressure at the specified point is 75 kpa, determine the velocity of flow
and the power available at that point.
a. 37.85m/s; 146,979W
b. 44.29, 84372
c. 35.43, 98262
d. 33.38, 78933
28. If the velocity of water is 8m/s and the pressure is 140kPa on the discharge side of a
pump. What is the head of the pump if the velocity is 4m/s and pressure is 90kPa
before the pump?
a. 7.54m b. 7.98m
c. 8.21m d. 6.82m
29. A 300mmx75mm venture meter is inserted in a 300mm diameter pipeline where
water flows at 55L/s. neglecting losses, compute the drop in pressure head from the
inlet to the throat.
a. 7.9m b. 4.3m
c. 6.4m d. 5.4m
30. A mercury flows in the 100mm diameter pipe at 20C, with kinematic viscosity of 1.15
x10-7m2/s with a flow of 0.8L/s. Determine the type of flow.
a. Turbulent b. laminar
c. sub-critical d. supercritical
31. The head loss in 50m of 12cm diameter pipe is known to be 6m when liquid of
specific gravity of 0.9 and viscosity of 0.04 pa-s at the rate 0.06 m3/s. Find the shear
stress at the wall at the wall of the pipe.
a. 31.6kpa b. 15.8kpa
c. 126.4kpa d. 63.2kpa
32. Water flows at 0.2 m3/s through a 300mm diameter, 120m long pipe under a
pressure difference of 280mm Hg. Compute the friction factor.
a. 0.0233 b. 0.0435
c. 0.0154 d. 0.0876
33. Determine the head loss per km required to maintain a velocity of 3m/s in a 20mm
diameter pipe if the kinematic viscosity of the liquid is 4x10-5m2/s.
a. 979m/km b. 832m/km
c. 865m/kmd. 923m/km
34. What is the percentage difference between hydraulic radii of 30cm diameter circular
and 30cm square ducts?
a. 0 b. 10%
c. 20% d. 15%
35. A pipeline leads from one reservoir to another which has its water surface 10m
lower. For a discharge of 1m3/s, determine the losses in meters and in kilowatts.
a. 97.9 b. 98.3
c. 96.9 d. 99.8
36. Oil with specific gravity of 0.75 is flowing through a 6 in. pipe under a pressure of
15psi. if the total energy relative to a datum plane 8 ft below the center of the pipe
is 58.6ft-lb/lb. Determine the flow rate of oil.
a. 3.32cfs b. 3.69cfs
c. 4.2cfs d. 4.13cfs
37. A square concrete conduit having a side of 0.788m carries water at a rate of 4m3/s.
Using Hazen William formula with C = 120, compute the head loss if the length of
the conduit is 45m.
a. 1.8m b. 1.5m
c. 1.3m d. 2.1m
38. Water is flowing in 500mm diameter new cast iron pipe at a velocity of 1.9956m/s. If
the head loss is 0.67 m per 100m of the pipeline, compute the value of Hazen’s
William Coefficient C.
a. 130 b. 120
c. 150 d. 140
39. If the total equivalent head of a stream flowing at a rate of 300cfs is 25 ft, what is
the theoretical horsepower available?
a. 851 b. 890
c. 922 d. 873
40. Find the equivalent length of 167mm diameter pipe, f= 0.024 for a reentrant pipe
entrance with k = 1.
a. 6.958m b. 7.394m
c. 6.807m d. 7.102m
41. Two pipes with the same friction factor and length are parallel. If the first pipe has
twice the diameter of the second, what must be the ratio of their flow
a. 5.66 b. 4.32
c. 8.76 d. 10.22
42. A 16cm diameter pipe of length 200m and surface elevation of 50m from the
discharge of the pipe with f = 0.03 and loss of head due to entrance coefficient k =
0.5, what is the velocity of flow in m/s?
a. 5.02 m/s b. 6.05 m/s
c. 8.98 m/s d. 3.56 m/s
43. Two water pipes, 300mm and 150mm of the same length are coupled in parallel and
together are to deliver 0.085 m3/s. Find the loss of head per km if f= 0.03.
a. 5.35m b. 7.43m
c. 10.23m d. 8.59m
44. Horizontal orifice under a constant head of 1.3m issues a jet which hits a point 5m
below the centerline of the orifice and 5m horizontally from the vena contracta.
What is the coefficient of velocity?
a. 0.98 b. 0.95
c. 0.9 d. 0.89
45. What is the discharge capacity if a concrete pipe culvert 4ft in diameter and 10m
long if the difference in water level at the outlet is 1.52m. Assume coefficient of
discharge of 0.74.
a. 4.73 b. 3.63
c. 6.83 d. 5.89
46. A vertical jet of water thru a nozzle supports a load of 150N. the velocity and
diameter of the jet at the nozzle tip are 17.46 m/s and 3cm. find the distance of load
from the nozzle tip in meters.
a. 8m b. 5m
c. 10m d. 3m
47. An orifice at the site of a tank is located 1m above the bottom of the tank is resting
on the ground. The jet of water strikes a distance of 2.75m horizontally away from
the orifice with Cv = 0.98. the height of the tank is 4m and it is filled with water 2m
 depth and on top of its is another liquid having a depth of 1m. determine the
specific gravity of the liquid.
a. 0.98 b. 0.82
c. 0.91 d. 0.86
48. When 0.03 m /s flow through a 300 mm pipe that later reduces to a 150 mm pipe,
3

calculate the average velocity in a 150 mm pipe.

a. 1.7 m/s b. 2.3 m/s
c. 2.34 m/s d. 5.32 m/s
49. If the velocity in a 300 mm pipe is 0.5 m/s, what is the velocity in a 75 mm diameter
jet issuing from a nozzle attached to the pipe?
a. 8 m/s b. 6 m/s
c. 1.23 m/s d. 5.4 m/s
50. Air flows in 6 in. pipe at a pressure of 30 psig and a temperature of 100⁰F. fi the
barometric pressure is 14.7 psi and velocity is 10.5 ft/s, how many pounds of air per
second are flowing?
a. 0.445 lb/s b. 0.234 lb/s
c. 0.654 lb/s d. 0.513 lb/s
51. What minimum diameter of pipe is necessary to carry 2.22 N/s of air with a
maximum velocity of 5.64 m/s? the air is at 30⁰C and under an absolute pressure of 230
kPa.
a. 139 mm b. 156 mm
c. 543 mm d. 89 mm
52. Oil specific gravity 0.75 is flowing through a 150 mm pipe under a pressure of 103
kPa. If the total energy relative to a datum plane 2.4 m below the center of the pipe is
17.9 m, determine the flow of oil.
a. 0.095 m3/s b. 0.765m3/s
c. 1.234 m3/s d. 0.543 m3/s
53. A turbine is rated at 450 kW when the flow of water through it is 0.609 m3/s.
Assuming an efficiency of 87%, what head is acting on the turbine?
a. 86.8 m b. 65.3 m
c. 76.5m d. 12.3 m
54. A pipe carrying oil of specific gravity 0.877 changes in size from 150mm at section E
to 450mm at section R. Section E is 3.66 m lower than R, and the pressure are 91 kpa
and 60.3 kpa, respectively. If the discharge is 0.146 m3/s, determine the lost head.
a. 3.4 m b. 4.5 m
c. 5.4 m d. 2.4 m
55. A 150 mm diameter jet of water is discharged from a nozzle into the air. The velocity
of the jet is 36 m/s. Find the power in the jet.
a. 411 kW b. 643 kW
c. 342 kW d. 765 kW
56. Water flows upward in a vertical 300 mm pipe at the rate of 0.222 m3/s. At point A in
the pipe the pressure is 210 kpa. At point B, 4.57 m above A, the diameter is 600 mm,
and the lost heat A to B equals 1.83 m. Determine the pressure at B.
a. 152 kPa b. 176 kPa
c. 543 kpa d. 342 kPa
57. Water is to be siphon from a tank at the rate of 0.0892 m3/s. the flowing end of the
siphon pipe must be 4.27 m below the water surface. The lost head terms are 1.5V2/2g
from tank to summit of siphon and 1.0V2/2g from summit to end of siphon. The summit
is 1.52 m above the water surface. Determine the size of siphon pipe in mm.
a. 150mm b. 165mm
c. 234 mm d. 125 mm
58. Determine the critical velocity of gasoline at 20⁰C flowing through a 20mm diameter
pipe if the kinematic viscosity is 0.000 000 648 m2/s.
a. 0.0648 m/s b. 0.0342 m/s
c. 0.0123 m/s d. 0.0987 m/s
59. For laminar flow conditions, what size pipe will deliver 0.0057 m3/s of medium fuel
oil with kinematic viscosity of 0.000 00609 m2/s.
a. 596 mm b. 654 mm
c. 123 mm d. 452 mm
60. Oil of absolute viscosity 0.101 N-s/m2 and specific gravity 0.85 flows through 3000 m
cast iron pipe at the rate of 0.0444 m3/s. what is the lost head in the pipe?
a. 8.14 m b. 9.87 m
c. 3.34m d. 4.23m
61. What size pipe should be installed to carry 0.0222 m3/s of heavy fuel oil at 16⁰C if the
available lost head in the 300 m length of horizontal pipe is 6.7 m? For the oil, kinematic
viscosity is 0.000 205 m2/s and s.g = 0.912.
a. 170 mm b. 180mm
c. 156mm d. 190mm
62. A 1-m diameter new cast iron pipe (C = 130) is 845 m long and has a head loss of 1.11
m. Find the discharge capacity of the pipe according to the Hazen-William formula.
a. 1.01 m3/sb. 1.98 m3/s
c. 3.45 m3/sd. 5.43 m3/s
63. Medium lubricating oil, specific gravity 0.86 is pumped through 300 m of horizontal
50mm pipe at the rate of 0.00114 m3/s. if the drop in pressure is 200 kpa, what is the
absolute viscosity of the oil?
a. 0.0896 N-s/m2 b. 0.0234
c. 0.01234 d. 0.8765
64. A 20mm diameter commercial steel pipe, 30 m long is used to drain an oil tank.
Determine the discharge when the oil level in the tank is 3m above the exit of the pipe.
Neglect minor losses and assume f = 0.12.
a. 0.000179m3/s b. 0.00324
c. 0.000123 d. 0.00543
65. What commercial size of new cast iron pipe shall be used to carry 490 gpm with a
lost of heat of 10.56ft/mile? Assume f = 0.019.
a. 576mm b. 987mm
c. 123mm d. 245mm
66. Oil having specific gravity of 0.869 and dynamic viscosity of 0.0814 Pa-s flows
through a cast iron pipe at a velocity of 1 m/s. The pipe is 50m long and 150mm in
diameter. Find the head lost due to friction.
a. 0.68m b. 0.98m
 c. 1.23m d. 0.23m
67. The theoretical velocity of flow through an orifice 3m below the surface of water in a
tall tank is:
a. 7.67 m/s b. 9.87 m/s
c. 3.24 m/s d. 1.23 m/s
68. Water having kinematic viscosity of 0.000 0013 m2/s flows in a 100mm diameter pipe
at a velocity of 4.5 m/s. What is the Reynolds number?
a. 346,150 b. 987,654
c. 1,234,456 d. 234,675
69. A vertical jet of water supports a load of 200N at a constant vertical height of 12m
from the tip of the nozzle. The diameter of the jet is 25mm. Find the velocity of the jet at
the nozzle tip.
a. 23.28m/sb. 28.32m/s
c. 25.3m/s d. 22.82m/s
70. A 50mm horizontal jet of water with a discharge of 0.54 m3/s strikes a vertical wall at
90⁰ to the wall. What is the force exerted on the wall?
a. 1.49kN b. 2.19kN
c. 1.39kN d. 1.19kN
71. Find the value of the Hazen=William coefficient for the case where water flows at 0.2
m3/s in a 1m diameter pipeline with a head loss of 0.0012m/m.
a. 27.1 b. 34.56
c. 98.76 d. 43.32