Scribd
Upload
9 views

Chapter 5

The document discusses different types of analog and digital transmission including amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying, phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. It also covers analog to analog conversion methods like amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase modulation.

Uploaded by

Adrian Orada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Chapter 5

The document discusses different types of analog and digital transmission including amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying, phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. It also covers analog to analog conversion methods like amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase modulation.

Uploaded by

Adrian Orada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Analog transmission refers to the method of

conveying information through continuous signals


that vary in amplitude, frequency, or phase. Unlike
digital transmission, which represents data as
discrete values (typically binary), analog
transmission operates by encoding information as
continuous waveforms.
Digital-to-analog conversion is the process of
changing one of the characteristics of an analog
signal based on the information in the digital data
Digital-to-analog conversion can be accomplished in several ways: amplitude
shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK).
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) combines ASK and PSK.
In amplitude shift keying, the amplitude of the carrier signal is
varied to create signal elements. Both frequency and phase
remain constant while the amplitude changes.
In frequency shift keying, the frequency of the carrier signal is
varied to represent data. The frequency of the modulated signal
is constant for the duration of one signal element, but changes
for the next signal element if the data element changes. Both
peak amplitude and phase remain constant for all signal
elements.
In phase shift keying, the phase of the carrier is
varied to represent two or more different signal
elements. Both peak amplitude and frequency
remain constant as the phase changes.
A constellation diagram shows us the amplitude
and phase of a signal element, particularly when
we are using two carriers (one in-phase and one
quadrature).
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is a
combination of ASK and PSK. QAM uses two
carriers, one in-phase and the other quadrature,
with different amplitude levels for each carrier
Analog-to-analog conversion is the
representation of analog information
by an analog signal. Conversion is
needed if the medium is bandpass in
nature or if only a bandpass
bandwidth is available to us.

Analog-to-analog conversion can be


accomplished in three ways: amplitude
modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and
phase modulation (PM).
In AM transmission, the
carrier signal is modulated
so that its amplitude varies
with the changing
amplitudes of the
modulating signal. The
frequency and phase of the
carrier remain the same;
only the amplitude changes
to follow variations in the
information
In PM transmission, the frequency of the carrier signal is modulated to follow
the changing voltage level (amplitude) of the modulating signal. The peak
amplitude and phase of the carrier signal remain constant, but as the
amplitude of the information signal changes, the frequency of the carrier
changes correspondingly.

In PM transmission, the phase of the carrier signal is modulated to follow the


changing voltage level (amplitude) of the modulating signal. The peak
amplitude and frequency of the carrier signal remain constant, but as the
amplitude of the information signal changes, the phase of the carrier
changes correspondingly.

You might also like