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2024 PiMC Euler Division Solutions

This document provides solutions to 16 math problems proposed by 15 students for a Pi Math Contest. The problems cover a range of math topics and involve operations like order of operations, fractions, exponents, percentages, and more. The solutions are presented concisely with explanations of the steps taken to arrive at each answer.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
300 views11 pages

2024 PiMC Euler Division Solutions

This document provides solutions to 16 math problems proposed by 15 students for a Pi Math Contest. The problems cover a range of math topics and involve operations like order of operations, fractions, exponents, percentages, and more. The solutions are presented concisely with explanations of the steps taken to arrive at each answer.

Uploaded by

Sup' Tan'
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

Pi Math Contest Euler Division


2024 Solutions

The problems and solutions in this contest were proposed by:

Ali Gurel, Ayush Agarwal, Emre Gul, Eric Huang, Freya Edholm, Helen Pang, Isaac
Li, Mason Fang, Nikhil Thakur, Rahul Sridhar, Richard Spence, Stanley Wang, Stephen
Xia, Tiger Che, and Victor Hakim.

Solutions
1. Evaluate 6 ÷ 3 × 2 − 2.

Answer (2): Following the order of operations,

6 ÷ 3 × 2 − 2 = (6 ÷ 3) × 2 − 2
= 2×2−2
= 4−2
= 2.

2024 + 2024 + 2024 + 2024


2. Simplify ·
2024 + 2024
Answer (2): We add four occurrences of 2024 in the numerator and two oc-
currences in the denominator. Then,
2024 + 2024 + 2024 + 2024 4 × 2024
=
2024 + 2024 2 × 2024
4
=
2
= 2.

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

3. When Amy’s favorite whole number is increased by 2 and then squared, the
result is 81. What is her favorite number?

Answer (7): Recognizing that 92 equals 81, we can deduce that Amy’s favorite
number is two less than 9, which is 7.

4. Tom has a sequence of numbers starting with −5 and increasing by 2 each time:
−5, −3, −1, . . . . If the total sum of these numbers is 16, what is the final number
in the sequence?

Answer (9): Tom’s sequence, beginning with −5, −3, −1, 1, 3, 5, . . ., pairs neg-
ative numbers with their positive counterparts, which cancel each other out.
Hence, the sum of the first six numbers (−5, −3, −1, 1, 3, 5) is 0. Continuing
this pattern, the next numbers are 7 and 9, whose sum is 16. This indicates the
sequence’s cumulative total after canceling the preceding pairs. Thus, the last
number in Tom’s sequence is 9.

5. Lonzo plans to purchase 12 bottles of water and 12 bottles of soda. The water
is sold in packs of 4, while the soda is available in packs of 6. What is the total
number of packs he needs to buy?

Answer (5): To find the total packs Lonzo needs, we divide each item by its
pack size: 12 bottles of water divided by 4 per pack equals 3 packs, and 12 bot-
tles of soda divided by 6 per pack equals 2 packs. Adding these together, Lonzo
needs to buy 5 packs in total.

6. Lily adds 5 25 gallons of water to her empty fish tank, filling up three fifths of the
tank. What is the total capacity of her fish tank, in gallons?

Answer (9): 5 52 gallons, or 27


5 gallons, fills three-fifths of the tank. Thus, one-
fifth of the tank holds
27 9
÷ 3 = gallons.
5 5
9
Multiplying 5 by 5 gives the tank’s total capacity, which is 9 gallons.

7. Rita squares a positive two-digit number, resulting in a three-digit number that


is divisible by 3. How many different two-digit numbers could she have started
with?

Answer (7): The square of the two-digit number N should be between 100 and
999, meaning that N is between 10 and 31, inclusive. Since N 2 is divisible by 3,

2
Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

N must also be divisible by 3. Thus, there are 7 numbers (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27,
30) that meet these criteria.

8. What percent of a 24-hour day did Tiger spend on homework if he started at


7:53 PM and finished at 9:05 PM?

Answer (5): There are 1 hours and 12 minutes (or 72 minutes) from 7:53 PM
to 9:05 PM. Since the day has 24 × 60 minutes, the fraction of the time spent on
homework is:
72 3 1
= = ,
24 × 60 60 20
which is 5 percent.

n
9. For how many whole numbers n is the fraction 12 between the fractions 61 and 58 ?

Answer (5): Multiplying all fractions by 12, we find that n must be between
12 12×5
6 = 2 and 8 = 60 4
8 = 7 8 . There are 5 numbers satisfying this (3, 4, 5, 6, and
7).

10. What is the units digit of the product 2022 × 2023 × 2024?

Answer (4): Since we only want the units digit, it is sufficient to find the units
digit of the product 2 × 3 × 4, which is 4. We conclude that the units digit of the
original product is also 4.

11. The movie “Adventure Swamp” originally cost $8 but its price increased by
50%. If Helen uses a coupon for 50% off, how many dollars will she pay for the
movie?

Answer (6): After a 50% price increase, the price of the ticket becomes

8 × 1.5 = 12 dollars.

Subsequently, applying a 50% discount coupon results in a final payment of

12 × 0.5 = 6 dollars.

12. How many triangles of any size are in the figure below?

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

Answer (8): Let’s label the regions as follows:

b
a

c d

Using these labels, we find 8 triangles in the figure:

a, b, c, ac, bd, ab, cd, abcd.

13. A class has 10 students, including Freya, Bennett, and Ashley. Freya gives 5 of
the students one apple each. Then Bennett gives 5 of the students one orange
each. Everyone received at least one fruit except Ashley, who did not receive
any fruit. How many students received both an apple and an orange?

Answer (1): Given that Ashley is the only student who did not receive any
fruits, it implies that the remaining 9 students each received at least one fruit.
Considering a total of 10 fruits distributed, it follows that only one student re-
ceived both fruits, as 10 − 9 = 1.

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

14. A country has a cross-shaped flag consisting of 5 identical squares, as shown


below. If the area of the flag is 1.25 square feet, what is its perimeter, in feet?

1.25 1
Answer (6): The area of each of the five small squares is 5 = 4 square feet.
1
Therefore, the side length of these squares is 2 feet. There are 12 sides in the
flag, giving a perimeter of 12 × 12 = 6 feet.

15. Forty stickers are distributed among a group of students. Each student receives
at least one sticker, and no two students receive the same number of stickers.
What is the largest possible number of students in the group?

Answer (8): The student who receives the least number of stickers must re-
ceive at least 1 sticker. The student who receives the second least number of
stickers must receive at least 2 stickers (since she/he must have at least 1 more
sticker than the previous student), and so on. If there are 9 or more students in
the group, they would have to distribute at least

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = 45

stickers which is more than the total number of stickers. However, if there are 8
students, we can distribute the stickers, for example, as

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 12.

Therefore, the largest possible number of students is 8.

16. Alice and Bob, two frogs, alternate turns hopping. Alice hops once on her first
turn. On his turn, Bob hops three times the number Alice hopped on her last
turn. On her turn, Alice hops twice the number Bob hopped on his last turn.
They continue until they have collectively hopped at least 100 times. How many
turns did Alice take?

Answer (3): Let’s list the number of hops that Alice and Bob take on each re-
spective turn:

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

frog hops
Alice 1
Bob 3
Alice 6
Bob 18
Alice 36
Bob 108

Observe that the sum 1 + 3 + 6 + 18 + 36 equals 64, which is less than 100.
However, when we include the next term, 108, the sum becomes greater than
100. Consequently, Alice completes a total of 3 turns.

17. A rectangle has a length of 16 units. An equilateral triangle has a side length of
16 units as well. Given that both the rectangle and the triangle have the same
perimeter, what is the width of the rectangle, measured in units?

Answer (8): The perimeter of the equilateral triangle is 16 × 3 = 48 units. Since


the rectangle shares the same perimeter, the sum of its length and width must
be 48 ÷ 2 = 24 units. Therefore, the width of the rectangle is 24 − 16 = 8 units.

18. LeBron, James, Carmelo, Anthony, and Kyrie participated in a race. All of the
following statements are true:
• James finished in 7th place.
• LeBron finished two places ahead of James.
• Kyrie and Lebron finished four places apart.
• Carmelo and Anthony finished 2 places apart.
• Kyrie finished seven places behind Anthony.
What place did Carmelo finish in?

Answer (4): LeBron finished two places ahead of James, who finished in 7th
place. Therefore, LeBron finished in 5th place.
Since Kyrie and Lebron finished four places apart, either Kyrie finished four
places behind LeBron, placing Kyrie in 9th position or finished four places ahead
of LeBron, placing Kyrie in 1st position. However, Kyrie finished seven places
behind Anthony so he could not be the first. Then, he was 9th.
Kyrie also finished seven places behind Anthony. Consequently, Anthony se-
cured the 2nd place.
Carmelo and Anthony finished two places apart. Since there is only one place
in front of Anthony, Carmelo could not have finished before Anthony. Thus,

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

Carmelo finished two places behind Anthony, landing in 4th place.

19. Teacher Anders has between 20 and 40 students in his class. When he divides
the students in groups of three, 2 students are left over. Similarly, when he di-
vides the students in groups of five, 2 students are left over. How many students
will be left over if he divides the class into groups of eight?

Answer (0): Consider that subtracting the 2 leftover students from the total
class count should yield a number that is a multiple of both 3 and 5, essentially
a multiple of 15. Within the range of 20 to 40, the only multiple of 15 is 30.
Therefore, the class has 32 students, including the 2 leftover students. Dividing
32 students into groups of 8 results in 4 complete groups without any students
remaining. Thus, the answer is 0; no students are left over.

20. The product of all positive factors of 128 is equal to 128 raised to which power?

Answer (4): The factors of 128 can be organized into pairs, each consisting of
two numbers whose product equals 128. These pairs are as follows:
1 × 128, 2 × 64, 4 × 32, 8 × 16.
Each factor pair contributes to the overall product of 128. To find the total prod-
uct of all factors, we multiply these pairs together, resulting in 1284 . Therefore,
the answer is 4.

21. A geometric sequence is a sequence where every term is equal to the previous
term multiplied by a constant, called the common ratio. For example, the se-
quence 3, 6, 12, 24, . . . is a geometric sequence whose common ratio is 2.
A geometric sequence with 20 terms has a common ratio of 25 . If the 10th term is
200, how many terms of the sequence are whole numbers?

Answer (6): To analyze the given geometric sequence, let’s examine its terms
both by moving to the right and by moving to the left.
Moving to the right, we find that the 11th term is 200 × 52 = 80, and the 12th term
is 80 × 25 = 32. Beyond this point, there are no further factors of 5, resulting in
no more integer terms in the sequence.
On the left side, moving backward, we observe that the 9th term is 200 ÷ 52 =
500, the 8th term is 500 ÷ 25 = 1250, and the 7th term is 1250 ÷ 25 = 3125. Beyond
this point, there are no additional factors of 2, leading to the absence of more
integer terms. Therefore, including the 10th term, there are a total of 6 whole
number terms in the geometric sequence.

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

22. The diagram below contains six circles, and each circle is to contain one number.
The sum of the three numbers on each side of the triangle is 30. What number
must occupy the top circle?

Answer (9): Let’s consider the sum of the three numbers on each side, fixed
at 30. The sum of the two missing numbers on the bottom edge is obtained by
subtracting 6 from 30, giving us 24.
Since 7 and 11, the numbers on the two adjacent sides, differ by 4, we can deduce
that the two missing numbers on the bottom edge should also differ by 4. To
find these numbers, we look for a pair that adds up to 24 and has a difference
of 4. After some consideration, we find that 14 and 10 meet these criteria.
Therefore, we can assign 14 to the bottom left number and 10 to the bottom right
number. Now, let’s find the top number. Subtracting the known values from the
fixed sum of 30, we get the top number as follows:

30 − 7 − 14 = 9 or 30 − 11 − 10 = 9.

So, the missing top number is 9.

23. The following figure contains 25 rows: one unit square in the top and bottom
rows, 3 unit squares in the second and second to last rows, and so on. If there
are N unit squares in total, what is the sum of the digits of N?

8
Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

Answer (7): Notice that in the upper half of the grid, the number of squares
in each row increases by two as you move down, while in the lower half, it de-
creases by two. Consequently, the middle row, which is the 13th row, contains
1 + 2 × 12 = 25 squares.
Therefore, the total number of squares can be expressed as the sum:

1 + 3 + 5 + · · · + 23 + 25 + 23 + · · · + 5 + 3 + 1.

This sum can be rearranged as:

2 × (1 + 3 + 5 + · · · + 21 + 23) + 25.

By pairing smaller and bigger numbers in the sum, we get:

N = 2 × ((1 + 23) + (3 + 21) + · · · + (11 + 13)) + 25


= 2 × 24 × 6 + 25
= 313.

The sum of the digits of 313 is 3 + 1 + 3 = 7.

24. Vera constructs a sequence as follows: she initiates the sequence with two pos-
itive integers, not necessarily distinct. Every term thereafter is obtained by
adding the two immediately preceding terms. For example, if the initial pair
of numbers were 1 and 3, the resulting sequence would be 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, and
so on. It is given that the fifth term in Vera’s sequence is 30. Determine the

9
Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

total number of distinct sequences Vera could have generated under these con-
ditions.

Answer (4): Let the first two terms of the sequence be denoted as a and b. Then
the third term is a + b, the fourth term is b + ( a + b) = a + 2b, and the fifth term
is ( a + b) + ( a + 2b) = 2a + 3b. Moreover, the fifth term is 30, so we have the
equation 2a + 3b = 30. We can rewrite this equation as follows:
2a + 3b = 30
2a = 30 − 3b
3(10 − b)
a=
2
To have a positive integer for a, the number (10 − b) must be even and positive.
Therefore, b can be 2, 4, 6, 8. For each value of b, we can form a unique sequence,
so there are 4 such sequences.

25. Consider the following pentomino created by adjoining a unit square to a 2 × 2


square:

How many ways are there to tile a 5 × 4 grid with four of these pentominoes
without overlap, including the example below? (The pentominoes may be ro-
tated or flipped.)

Answer (6): Through a bit of exploration, we can uncover two distinct types
of tilings. The initial type involves tiling the two 5 × 2 grids within the larger
5 × 4 grid. In this scenario, there exist four possible arrangements, as each 5 × 2
grid can be oriented in two different ways, resulting in a total of 2 · 2 = 4 tiling
variations:

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Pi Math Contest Euler Division 2024 Solutions

The second kind involves putting two pentominoes flush to opposite corners
the other way, and the rest becomes apparent; there are 2 ways here:

The total number of ways is 6.

11

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