COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA

POSADAS AVE., SUCAT, MUNTINLUPA CITY

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
(NASC2011)

REXPERIMENT No. 3
CALORIMETRY
Preliminary Data Sheet

Section: R10 Group No.: Group 7

Members:
Canina, Mark Justine
Fernandez, Loraine
Pacio, Princess Heart
Pendioday, Mark Joel
Tacmo, Christian Dave Q.

Objectives:
 To determine the specific heat of a metal
 To determine the enthalpy of neutralization for strong acid - strong base
reaction
 To determine the enthalpy of solution for the dissolution of salt

Data:
A. Specific Heat of Metal

Trial 1 Trial 2
Mass of metal, g
Temperature of metal (boiling water), oC
Mass of calorimeter, g
Mass of calorimeter + water, g
Temperature of water in calorimeter, oC
Maximum temperature of metal and water from
graph, oC
Temperature change of water, oC
Heat gained by water, J
Temperature change of metal, oC
Specific heat of metal, J/g
Average specific heat of metal, J/g
Standard deviation
% RSD

B. Enthalpy of Neutralization for an Acid-Base Reaction

Trial 1 Trial 2
Volume of acid, mL
 COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
POSADAS AVE., SUCAT, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
(NASC2011)

Temperature of acid, oC
Volume of NaOH, mL
Temperature of NaOH, oC
Exact molar concentration of NaOH, mol/L
Maximum temperature from graph, oC
Average initial temperature of acid and NaOH, oC
Temperature change, oC
Volume of final mixture, mL
Mass of final mixture (assume density is 1.0
g/mL), g
Heat evolved, J
Moles OH- reacted (limiting reactant), mol
Moles H2O formed, mol
∆Hn, kJ/mol H2O
Average ∆Hn, kJ/mol H2O
Standard deviation
% RSD

C. Enthalpy of dilution for the dissolution of a salt

Salt sample:

Trial 1 Trial 2
Mass of salt, g
Moles of salt, mol
Mass of calorimeter, g
Mass of calorimeter + water, g
Mass of water, g
Initial temperature of water, oC
Final temperature of mixture, oC
Temperature change of solution, oC
Heat change of water, J
Heat change of salt, J
Total enthalpy change, J
∆Hn, kJ/mol salt
Average ∆Hn, kJ/mol salt
Standard deviation
% RSD

Calculations:
 COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
POSADAS AVE., SUCAT, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
(NASC2011)

Post Laboratory Exercise (In lieu of Pre-laboratory Exercise, Individual work)

 Compare the specific heat of metal and water. What does a large specific
heat means?
 Specific heat is the amount of heat required by one gram of a material to absorb
one degree Celsius of temperature change. The unit of measurement is joules
per gram Celsius. When compared to metal, water has a higher specific heat.
This means that it takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of the water
by one degree Celsius. As a result, when exposed to the same amount of heat,
water will increase in temperature more slowly than metal.

 Consider the applications of metal and water. How does the low specific heat
of metal makes it an applicable material for constructing cookwares and
heating apparatus? How about water? Why is water considered a good heat
absorber?
 COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
POSADAS AVE., SUCAT, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
(NASC2011)

 Metals heat up quickly due to their low specific heat, making them great thermal
conductors and perfect for cookware. Water, on the other hand, has a high
specific heat and can absorb or release significant amounts of energy with small
temperature fluctuation, making it a powerful heat absorber. Water's ability to
regulate heat makes it very valuable in a variety of applications.

 Define an endothermic and exothermic reaction. Compare the energies of

the products and reactants in endothermic and exothermic reactions.
 Heat processes in thermochemistry are classified as exothermic or endothermic,
depending on the system under consideration. For example, when bread dough
is placed in a prepared oven to bake, it absorbs heat from the surroundings and
undergoes endothermic processes. This process is described by a
thermochemical equation in which heat acts as a reactant, causing a change in
the result, such as gas expansion and the development of the bread structure.
Conversely, once the bread has been fully cooked and taken from the oven, it
begins to cool in the surrounding ambient temperature. During the cooling
process, the bread loses heat into the surroundings, causing exothermic
reactions. The heat energy held in the baked bread is transmitted to the
environment, causing it to gradually cool. The bread distributes thermal energy to
its surroundings, similar to how heated water cools in a room temperature
surroundings.

 Is the neutralization experiment an endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

Why?
 Neutralization experiments include the interaction of an acid with a base to
produce water and salt. The individual reactants and circumstances determine
whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. An exothermic process
releases heat into the surrounding environment, causing the temperature to rise.
In contrast, an endothermic process absorbs heat from its surroundings, lowering
the temperature. Thus, the categorization of a neutralizing reaction as
endothermic or exothermic is determined by whether heat is absorbed or emitted
throughout the process.

 Is the dissolution of the salt an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Explain.

 The balance of lattice and hydration energy determines whether salt dissolves
exothermically or endothermically. Exothermic reactions occur when hydration
energy exceeds lattice energy. In contrast, if lattice energy exceeds hydration
energy, the process absorbs heat and becomes endothermic. Thus, the type of
the dissolution reaction is determined by the relative magnitudes of these energy.

 What role does the calorimeter play in the experiment? Why is it necessary
that the calorimeter be made from an insulating material such as polystyrene?
What other materials can you recommend?
 It is well acknowledged that heat from the surrounds and environment can
influence prospective heat changes in the system, affecting the overall outcome
of the experiment. The calorimeter uses insulating materials to reduce the impact
of ambient heat on experimental outcomes. Its function is to isolate the reaction
 COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
POSADAS AVE., SUCAT, MUNTINLUPA CITY
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
(NASC2011)

from external heat sources and prevent internal heat from escaping into the
surroundings. This insulation guarantees that heat energy is retained and
separated within the system, unaffected by external temperature changes. To
reduce heat exchange with the surrounding environment, the calorimeter must
use insulating materials such as polystyrene. This maintains steady temperature
conditions within the calorimeter, allowing for precise detection of heat changes
throughout studies. Other acceptable insulating materials include Styrofoam and
double-walled stainless steel, which are chosen for their ability to limit heat
transmission and isolate the system's heat energy from external variables,
assuring the reproducibility of experimental results.