TRUE MENTORS BY ARUN KUMAR AIR-5
Arun Kumar
(SSC CGL-2023 AIR -5)
Indian
Polity Notes
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TRUE MENTORS BY ARUN KUMAR AIR-5
The President
From Article 52 to 62
India is republic as president is elected
The office of President of India was created on 26 January 1950
The first president of India was Rajendra Prasad, who served from 1950 to 1962
First citizen of India, the head of the state and Chief Commander Armed forces
Salary -5 lakhs, Pension-2.5 lakhs
He is a part of union executive along with the vice-president, Prime Minister, council of
minister, and attorney-general of India.
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy-First to be elected unopposed and youngest president of India
First tribal President & first President born after independence-Draupadi Murmu
First Women President- Pratibha Patil
V.V. Giri won the election as an independent candidate.
Important Articles of the Presidents of India
Article 52-there shall be president of India
Article-53- Executive power of president, De jure executive (Nominal Executive)
Article 54 -deals with the electoral college of the President. President is not elected directly
by the people. Rather, is elected by the electoral college
1. The elected members of both Houses of Parliament.
2. The elected members of all the State Legislative Assemblies.
3. The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and
Puducherry (by the 70th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992)
4. Nominated cannot participate in election of the President
Article 55 -deals with the manner of election of the President of India
Article-56-Tenure of Presidents Office
1. Term-5 year from entering the office.
2. Resignation- handwritten resignation letter to the Vice President of India, and the Vice
President should communicate this to the Speaker of Lok Sabha.
3. Impeached - under article 61 in case of violation of the Constitution.
4. The President can continue to hold office even after the expiration of the tenure until the
successor enters the office.
Article-57 -Re-election any number of times
Article-58-Qualification to Become President
1. He should be a Citizen of India
2. He should be above 35 years of age.
3. He should be qualified for election as a member of the House of the People, (Lok Sabha)
4. He should not hold any office of profit under the Union, State Government, or local or
public authority.
Article 59 -the conditions of the President’s office.
1. The President should not be a member of either the House of Parliament or the House of
any State Legislature.
2. The President should not hold any office of profit.
3. He is entitled to stay in the official residence without any payment of rent.
4. He is also entitled to receive payments, allowances, and privileges as the Parliament
determines by law. These emoluments and allowances must be maintained during his tenure.
Article 60 - deals with the oath or affirmation the President of India-in the presence of CJI or
senior judge in the absence of CJI.
Article 61 –the impeachment of President in India on violation of the Constitution.
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TRUE MENTORS BY ARUN KUMAR AIR-5
Either house of Parliament can initiate the impeachment process. The charge has to be
signed by 1/4th of the total members of the house that is initiating the impeachment.
Notice period of 14 working days before passing resolution.
the resolution is must be passed by the initiating house with a 2/3rd majority of the total
membership of the house.
Once the resolution is passed, the other house of the Parliament is obliged to investigate the
charges against the President by appointing a judicial committee or themselves.
During the inquiry, the President can appear with a lawyer and defend the charges.
The resolution will lapse if the President is found not guilty of the charges. In case of guilty,
the resolution is passed by the second house with a 2/3rd majority of the total membership
of the house.
The resolution shall remove the President from his office from the date on which the
resolution is so passed.
Article 62-Absence and Vacancy in President’s Office.
1. An election to fill the vacancy should be held before the expiration of the term.
2. An election to fill the vacancy in the President’s office caused by the death, resignation, or
removal of the serving President should be conducted within six months.
Functions and Powers of Presidents of India
Executive Power
Executive action of Indian govt. taken in his name
He appoints
1. Prime minister of India, Attorney Gen of India, CAG, CEC, Chairman and Members of
UPSC, State Governor and Finance Commission of India and its member
2. CJI, other judges of SC and HC
3. National Commission for Scheduled Castes
4. National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
5. National Commission for Other Backward Classes
6. He appoints inter-state council
7. He appoints administrators of union territories
Legislative Power
1. The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India.
2. Address and Send messages to the Houses of Parliament-Article-86
3. Promulgate ordinances when the Parliament is not in session-Article-123
4. He summons or prorogues Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha
5. He summons a joint sitting of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in case of deadlock-Article-108
6. He addresses the Indian Parliament at the commencement of the first session after every
general election-Special Address-Article-87
7. He appoints speaker, deputy speaker of Lok Sabha, and chairman/deputy chairman of Rajya
Sabha when the seats fall vacant.
8. He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha
Financial Power
1. Cause the Union Budget to be laid before the Parliament.
2. To introduce the money bill (Article-110), his prior recommendation is a must
3. To make a demand for grant s, his recommendation is a pre-requisite
4. Contingency Fund of India (Article-267) is under his control
5. He constitutes the Finance Commission (Article-280) every five years
Judicial Power
1. Appointment of Chief Justice and Supreme Court/High Court Judges are on him
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TRUE MENTORS BY ARUN KUMAR AIR-5
2. He takes advice from the Supreme Court, the advice is not binding on him, Article-143
3. He has pardoning power: Under article 72
Pardon - both conviction and sentence completely absolved
Commutation - nature of the punishment of the convict can be changed
Remission- reduces the term of the imprisonment
Respite -awards lesser punishment than original punishment by looking at the special
condition of a convict
Reprieve -stays the execution of the awarded sentence for a temporary period
Diplomatic Power
1. Send and receive ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives.
2. Make treaties with other countries.
Military Power of the President
He is the commander of the defence forces of India. He appoints:
Chief of the Army
Chief of the Navy
Chief of the Air Force
Emergency Power of the President
He deals with three types of emergencies given in the Indian Constitution:
National Emergency (Article 352)
President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365)
Financial Emergency (Article 360)
Other Power of the President
Veto Power of the President- the power of the President of India to either reject the bill, return
the bill or withhold his assent to the bill is called his veto power- Article-111
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