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%C3%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh_English_Morphology_

1.Analyze the following words into morphs using the model given below.

Prefix(es Roo Suffix(es

) t )
inequality in- equal -ity

Root: hospital-ize (a) hospitalization (k) disfunctional Pre: dis

Suffix: tion Root: function
Suffix: ional
Prefix: in (b) invisibly (l) inconsiderate Pre: in
Root: visible Root; consider
Suffix: ly Su: ate
Prefix: un (c) uninteresting (m) postcolonial Pre: post
Root: interest Root: colony
Suffix: ing Su: ial
Prefix: under (d) undercooked (n) unlikelihood Pre: un
Root: cook Root like
Suffix: ed Su: ly- hood
Prefix: trans (e) transcontinental (o) relationship Root: relate
Root: continent Su: tion-ship
Suffix: ental
Pre: un (f) ungrammatical (p) asymmetrical Pre: A
Root: gramma Root: system
Suffix: ic-al Su: ic-al
Pre: re-in (g) reinforcement (q) hypersensitivity Pre: hyper
Root: force Root: sensitive
Suffix: ment Su: ity
Pre: proto (h) prototypical (r) unfriendliness Pre: un
Root: type Root: friendly
Suffix: ic- al Su: ness
Pre: un (i) unforgettable (s) interdependence Pre: inter
Root: forget Root: dependent
Suffix: able Su: ence
Root: impropriate (j) impropriety (t) monotheism Pre:mono
Suffix: ty Root:the
Su: ism

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1. For each of the bold words in the passage from Wallace Stegner's "The Dump
Ground" below, label the inflectional suffix:

pres = present tense compr = comparative degree

past = past tense supl = superlative degree
prsprt = present participle poss = possessive case
pstprt = past participle pl = plural number

The place fascinated us, as it should(past) have. For this was the kitchen midden of all the
civilization we knew. It gave us the most (supl) tantalizing glimpses into our neighbors'
(poss) lives and our own; it provided an aesthetic distance from which to know ourselves
(poss).
The town dump was our poetry and our history. We took (past) it home with us by the
wagonload, bringing(prsprt) back into town the things the town had used(past) and
thrown away. Some little part of what we gathered (past), mainly bottles, we managed to
bring back to usefulness, but most of our gleanings we left lying (prsprt) around barn or
attic or cellar until in some renewed (past) fury of spring cleanup our families (pl) carted
them off to the dump again, to be rescued and briefly treasured by some other boy.
Occasionally something we really valued with a passion was snatched from us in horror
and returned (past) at once. That happened to the mounted head of a white mountain
goat, somebody's (poss) trophy from old times and the far Rocky Mountains, that I
brought (past) home one day. My mother took one look and discovered that his beard was
full of moths.
I remember (pres) that goat; I regret him yet. Poetry is seldom useful, but always
memorable. If I were a sociologist anxious to study in detail the life of any community I
would (past) go very early to its(poss) refuse piles. For a community may be as well
judged by what it throws away - what it has to throw away and what it chooses(pres) to -
as by any other evidence. For whole civilizations we sometimes have no more(compr) of
the poetry and little more of the history than this (from Wolf Willow 1955: 35-36).

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2. Divide the following words into morphs (use slashes) and then list the morphemes.
Note that some words may require more than one analysis into morphemes.

Example: mice's
Answer: mice/s; {mouse} + {pl} + {poss}

Least (1) (a) least (k) our Our

{little} + {supl} {our} + {poss}
Set; {set} + {past}; (b) set (l) rings Ring/s
{set} + {prsprt} {ring} + {pl} + {pres}
{set} + {pres}
(n):{set} + {sg}/ {set} +
{pl}
Fish (c) fish (m) sayings Say/ing/s
{fish} + {sg}/ N {say} + {gerund}+ {pl}
{fish} + {pl}
Should (d) should (n) broken Broken
{should} + {past} {break}+{pstprt}
Hope/ed; {hope} + (e) hoped (o) these These
{past} {this} + {pl)
Hear/ing (f) hearing (p) whose Whose
{hear} + {prsprt} {who} + {poss)
were (g) were (q) older Old/er
{be} + {past} + {pl} {old} + {compr}
Elder/er (h) elder (r) her Her
{old} + {compr} {3rd} +{sg}+ {obj}
Must (i) must (s) taken Taken
{must} + {modal verb} {take} +{pstprt}
Top/most (j) topmost (t) women's Women/’s
{topmost} +{supl} {woman} + {pl} + {poss}

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 3. Sort the prefixes in the words below into the following seven categories according to
meaning:

a. Time: post, fore e. Privative: de, dis

b. Number: bi, poly f. Negative: mal,non
c. Place: out, sub g. Size: mega, macro
d. Degree: hyper, ultra

postdate maladjusted
bifocal Outdoor
megawatt Defrost
disclose foreshadow
polygon Bisexual
subway Disarm
ultraconservative hyperthyroidism

4. Sort the suffixes in the words below according to their class-changing function. The
categories include the following. There are two examples of each suffix.

a. N > N e. N > A
b. V > N f. V>A
c. A > N g. N/A > Adv
d. N/A > V

broaden syntactic width Idealism

participant falsehood closure Straighten
rhetorician clockwise refusal Vaccinate
gangster stardom warmth Tireless
twofold trial accidental Selfish
advisory likelihood friendless Politician
conservatism mobster kingdom Facilitate
inhabitant contradictory boyish Seizure
manifold stepwise thankless Global
historic penniless

 N > N: -hood, -dom, -ment, -ry, -ship, -ness, -ism, -age, -al, -ese, -ion, -tion, -xion
 V > N: -er, -or, -ian
 A > N: -ity, -ty
 N/A > V: -ate
 N > A: -ful, -less
 V > A: -ive
 N/A > Adv: -wise

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5. Identify the syntactic pattern in each of the following compounds and express it in a
lexical rule.
Example: gravedigger N + V + -er > N
a.

b. Hovercraft N + N > N t. badmouth

c. Dairyman N+ N> N u. redhead
d. bath-towel N + N> N v. birth control
e. Goldfish Adj + N > N w. breakfast
f. Inroads Prep + N > N x. thoroughgoing
g. Bystander prep + V +er > N y. quick-change
h. Setback V + adv > N z. lukewarm
i. Meltdown V + adv> N aa. law-abiding
j. Blackout adj + prep > N bb. far-reaching
k. stand-in V + prep > N cc. homemade
l. Turnout V + prep dd. clean-cut
m. money-hungry ee. fighter-bomber
n. dugout ff. earthenware
o. hardhearted gg. driver’s seat
p. homesick hh. baking powder
q. proofread ii. drip-coffee
r. overqualified jj. wisecrack
s. overachieve kk. snowplow

6. The following words are compounds which also include derivational affixes. Analyze
the words, identifying the roots and their parts of speech, as well all the affixes and
their function as nominalizer, verbalizer, adjectivalizer, or adverbializer.
Example: housekeeper
house (root - noun) + keep (root - verb) + -er (nominalizer)
a. Flightworthiness
flight (root - noun) + worth (root - noun) + -iness (nominalizer)

b. Chatterbox
chatter (root - verb) + box (root - noun)

c. owner-occupied
owner (root - noun) + occupy (root - verb) + -ed (verbalizer)

d. freedom-loving
freedom (root - noun) + love (root - verb) + -ing (adjectivalizer)

e. Handicraft
handi- (derivational prefix) + craft (root - noun)

f. broken-hearted

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 broken (root - verb) + heart (root - noun) + -ed (adjectivalizer)

g. safety-tested
: safety (root - noun) + test (root - verb) + -ed (verbalizer)

h. worldly-wise
Worldly (root- adjective) + wise (root + adjective)
i. Antiaircraft: anti- (derivational prefix) + aircraft (root - noun)
j. machine-readable: machine (root - noun) + read (root - verb) + -able (adjectivalizer)
k. chartered accountant: charter (root - noun) + account (root - noun) + -ant (nominalizer)
7. Identify the process of word formation responsible for each of the following words.
Try to determine the process before you consult a dictionary, though it may be
necessary for you to do so.

a. curio n. (to) total

b. (to) laze o. (the) hereafter
c. (to) network p. amphetamine
d. (to) cohere q. (a) construct
e. (a) sitcom r. (the) chunnel
f. (the) muppets s. gestimate
g. (a) what-not t. canary
h. margarine u. brain-gain
i. dystopia v. boojum
j. serendipity w. gaffe-slack
k. diesel x. psycho
l. (a) ha-ha y. walkie-talkie
m. (to) make up z. bonfire

8. The words in column A have been created from the corresponding words in column
B. Indicate the word formation process responsible for the creation of each word in
column A.

9. Column A Column B
(a) Stagflation stagnation + inflation
(b) Nostril nosu + thyrl 'hole' (in Old English)
(c) Bookie bookmaker
(d) Van caravan
(e) Amerindian American Indian
(f) CD compact disc
(g) RAM random access memory
(h) Televise television
(i) Xerox xeroxography
(j) Telethon television + marathon
(k) sci-fi science fiction

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(l) Elect election
(m) Deli delicatessen
(n) Scuba self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
(o) Scavenge scavenger
(p) Hazmat hazardous material