Introduction to Mathematical Typesetting

Using LATEX

Manuel Joseph C. Loquias

Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman

Mathematics 190
What is LATEX?

pronounced Lah-tech or Lay-tech

document preparation system for high-quality typesetting

originally written in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport at

SRI International

de facto standard for the professional communication and

publication of scientific documents in many fields (primarily
mathematics, statistics, and computer science)

default font: Knuth’s Computer Modern

separates presentation from content (not WYSIWYG)

What is LATEX?

https://data-mining.philippe-fournier-viger.com/using-latex-for-writing-research-papers/
LATEX vs. Word

https://handsonkeyboard.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/wordvlatex2.png
LATEX vs. Word
efficient for medium to large documents (can be divided
into several files)
can run even on lower version of computer configuration
platform (windows, linux, mac) and version independent
open source (free, availability of packages)
pre-set standard formats (thesis, journal articles, technical
reports, books, and slide presentations)
LATEX vs. Word

https://data-mining.philippe-fournier-viger.com/using-latex-for-writing-research-papers/
LATEX vs. Word
efficient for medium to large documents (can be divided
into several files)
can run even on lower version of computer configuration
platform (windows, linux, mac) and version independent
open source (free, availability of packages)
pre-set standard formats (thesis, journal articles, technical
reports, books, and slide presentations)
easy sectioning, cross-references, placements of tables
and figures
automatic generation of bibliography, index, table of
contents, list of tables, list of figures, etc.
LATEX vs. Word

https://data-mining.philippe-fournier-viger.com/using-latex-for-writing-research-papers/
LATEX vs. Word
efficient for medium to large documents (can be divided
into several files)
can run even on lower version of computer configuration
platform and version independent (windows, linux, mac)
open source (free, availability of packages)
pre-set standard formats (thesis, journal articles, technical
reports, books, and slide presentations)
easy sectioning, cross-references, placements of tables
and figures
automatic generation of bibliography, index, table of
contents, list of tables, list of figures, etc.
fast and professional typesetting of math equations
LATEX vs. Word

https://data-mining.philippe-fournier-viger.com/using-latex-for-writing-research-papers/
Disadvantages of LATEX

ease of use (compared to Word)

adding new fonts

debugging of syntax errors

writing simple documents

How to Get Started with LATEX?

Free browser based editor (no installation):

http://www.overleaf.com

Getting Started: https://www.tug.org/begin.html

Windows installation: https://miktex.org/

Mac installation: https://www.tug.org/mactex

Get Your Hands Dirty

https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/asian-teenager-cheerful-excited-celebrating-success-front-
netbook_3683114.htm
Further Study
LATEX Cheat Sheet

LATEX 2ε Cheat Sheet Lists Justification

\begin{enumerate} Numbered list. Environment Declaration
\begin{itemize} Bulleted list. \begin{center} \centering
Document classes \begin{description}Description list. \begin{flushleft} \raggedright
book Default is two-sided.
\item text Add an item. \begin{flushright} \raggedleft
report No \part divisions.
\item[x ] text Use x instead of normal bullet or number. Re-
article No \part or \chapter divisions. Miscellaneous
quired for descriptions.
letter Letter (?).
slides Large sans-serif font. References \linespread{x} changes the line spacing by the multiplier x.
Used at the very beginning of a document: \documentclass{class}. \label{marker } Set a marker for cross-reference, often of the form
Use \begin{document} to start contents and \end{document} to end \label{sec:item}. Text-mode symbols
the document. \ref{marker } Give section/body number of marker. Symbols
\pageref{marker } Give page number of marker.
Common documentclass options \footnote{text} Print footnote at bottom of page. & \& \_ ... \ldots • \textbullet
10pt/11pt/12pt Font size. $ \$ ˆ \^{} | \textbar \ \textbackslash
letterpaper/a4paper Paper size. Floating bodies % \% ˜ \~{} # \# § \S
twocolumn Use two columns. \begin{table}[place] Add numbered table.
twoside Set margins for two-sided. \begin{figure}[place] Add numbered figure. Accents
landscape Landscape orientation. Must use dvips -t \begin{equation}[place] Add numbered equation. ò \‘o ó \’o ô \^o õ \~o ō \=o
landscape. \caption{text} Caption for the body. ȯ \.o ö \"o o̧ \c o ǒ \v o ő \H o
draft Double-space lines. The place is a list valid placements for the body. t=top, h=here, ç \c c o. \d o o \b o o
o \t oo œ \oe
¯
Usage: \documentclass[opt,opt]{class}. b=bottom, p=separate page, !=place even if ugly. Captions and Œ \OE æ \ae Æ \AE å \aa Å \AA
label markers should be within the environment. ø \o Ø \O l \l L \L ı \i
Packages  \j ¡ ~‘ ¿ ?‘
fullpage Use 1 inch margins. Text properties
anysize Set margins: \marginsize{l}{r }{t}{b}. Delimiters
multicol Use n columns: \begin{multicols}{n}.
Font face ‘‘ “ ‘‘ { \{ [[ (( < \textless
Command Declaration Effect ’’ ” ’’ } \} ]] )) > \textgreater
latexsym Use LATEX symbol font.
\textrm{text} {\rmfamily text} Roman family
graphicx Show image: \includegraphics[width=x ]{file}.
url Insert URL: \url{http://. . . }.
\textsf{text} {\sffamily text} Sans serif family Dashes
\texttt{text} {\ttfamily text} Typewriter family Name Source Example Usage
Use before \begin{document}. Usage: \usepackage{package}
\textmd{text} {\mdseries text} Medium series hyphen - X-ray In words.
Title \textbf{text} {\bfseries text} Bold series en-dash -- 1–5 Between numbers.
\author{text} Author of document. \textup{text} {\upshape text} Upright shape em-dash --- Yes—or no? Punctuation.
\title{text} Title of document. \textit{text} {\itshape text} Italic shape
\date{text} Date. \textsl{text} {\slshape text} Slanted shape Line and page breaks
These commands go before \begin{document}. The declaration \textsc{text} {\scshape text} Small Caps shape \\ Begin new line without new paragraph.
\maketitle goes at the top of the document. \emph{text} {\em text} Emphasized \\* Prohibit pagebreak after linebreak.
\textnormal{text}{\normalfont text}Document font \kill Don’t print current line.
Miscellaneous \underline{text} Underline \pagebreak Start new page.
\pagestyle{empty} Empty header, footer and no page numbers. The command (tttt) form handles spacing better than the \noindent Do not indent current line.
\tableofcontents Add a table of contents here. declaration (tttt) form.
Document structure Miscellaneous
Font size \today March 28, 2017.
\part{title}
\chapter{title}
\subsubsection{title}
\paragraph{title}
\tiny tiny \Large Large $\sim$ Prints ∼ instead of \~{}, which makes ˜.
\section{title} \subparagraph{title}
\scriptsize scriptsize
\footnotesize footnotesize
\LARGE LARGE ~
\@.
Space, disallow linebreak (W.J.~Clinton).
Indicate that the . ends a sentence when following an
\subsection{title}
Use \setcounter{secnumdepth}{x} suppresses heading numbers of
\small small
\normalsize normalsize
\huge huge uppercase letter.

Huge
\hspace{l} Horizontal space of length l (Ex: l = 20pt).
depth > x, where chapter has depth 0. Use a *, as in \large large \Huge \vspace{l} Vertical space of length l.
\section*{title}, to not number a particular item—these items will
\rule{w}{h} Line of width w and height h.
also not appear in the table of contents. These are declarations and should be used in the form {\small . . . },
or without braces to affect the entire document. Tabular environments
Text environments
\begin{comment} Comment (not printed). Requires verbatim pack- Verbatim text tabbing environment
age. \begin{verbatim} Verbatim environment.
\begin{quote} Indented quotation block. \begin{verbatim*} Spaces are shown as . \= Set tab stop. \> Go to tab stop.
\begin{quotation}Like quote with indented paragraphs. \verb!text! Text between the delimiting characters (in this Tab stops can be set on “invisible” lines with \kill at the end of the
\begin{verse} Quotation block for verse. case ‘!’) is verbatim. line. Normally \\ is used to separate lines.
LATEX Cheat Sheet

tabular environment Citation types The LATEX document should have the following two lines just before
\cite{key} Full author list and year. (Watson and Crick 1953) \end{document}, where bibfile.bib is the name of the BibTEX file.
\begin{array}[pos]{cols}
\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols} \citeA{key} Full author list. (Watson and Crick)
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols} \citeN{key} Full author list and year. Watson and Crick (1953)
\bibliography{bibfile}
\shortcite{key} Abbreviated author list and year. ?
tabular column specification \shortciteA{key} Abbreviated author list. ?
\shortciteN{key} Abbreviated author list and year. ? BibTEX example
l Left-justified column. \citeyear{key} Cite year only. (1953) The BibTEX database goes in a file called file.bib, which is
c Centered column. All the above have an NP variant without parentheses; Ex. \citeNP. processed with bibtex file.
r Right-justified column.
p{width} Same as \parbox[t]{width}. BibTEX entry types @String{N = {Na\-ture}}
@{decl} Insert decl instead of inter-column space. @Article{WC:1953,
@article Journal or magazine article. author = {James Watson and Francis Crick},
| Inserts a vertical line between columns.
@book Book with publisher. title = {A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid},
tabular elements @booklet Book without publisher. journal = N,
@conference Article in conference proceedings. volume = {171},
\hline Horizontal line between rows. @inbook A part of a book and/or range of pages. pages = {737},
\cline{x-y} Horizontal line across columns x through y. @incollection A part of book with its own title. year = 1953
\multicolumn{n}{cols}{text} @misc If nothing else fits. }
A cell that spans n columns, with cols column specifi- @phdthesis PhD. thesis.
cation. @proceedings Proceedings of a conference.
@techreport Tech report, usually numbered in series.
Sample LATEX document
Math mode @unpublished Unpublished. \documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{fullpage}
For inline math, use \(...\) or $...$. For displayed math, use BibTEX fields \title{Template}
\[...\] or \begin{equation}. \author{Name}
address Address of publisher. Not necessary for major publish-
Superscriptx ^{x} Subscriptx
P _{x} ers.
\begin{document}
x n
\frac{x}{y} \sum_{k=1}^n \maketitle
y
√n
Qnk=1 author Names of authors, of format ....
x \sqrt[n]{x} k=1
\prod_{k=1}^n booktitle Title of book when part of it is cited.
\section{section}
chapter Chapter or section number.
Math-mode symbols \subsection*{subsection without number}
edition Edition of a book.
text \textbf{bold text} text. Some math: $2+2=5$
editor Names of editors.
≤ \leq ≥ \geq 6= \neq ≈ \approx \subsection{subsection}
institution Sponsoring institution of tech. report.
× \times ÷ \div ± \pm · \cdot text \emph{emphasized text} text. \cite{WC:1953}
◦ ^{\circ} journal Journal name.
◦ \circ 0 \prime ··· \cdots discovered the structure of DNA.
key Used for cross ref. when no author.
∞ \infty ¬ \neg ∧ \wedge ∨ \vee
month Month published. Use 3-letter abbreviation.
⊃ \supset ∀ \forall ∈ \in → \rightarrow A table:
note Any additional information.
⊂ \subset ∃ \exists ∈
/ \notin ⇒ \Rightarrow \begin{table}[!th]
number Number of journal or magazine.
∪ \cup ∩ \cap | \mid ⇔ \Leftrightarrow \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}
organization Organization that sponsors a conference.
ȧ \dot a â \hat a ā \bar a ã \tilde a \hline
pages Page range (2,6,9--12).
α \alpha β \beta γ \gamma δ \delta first & row & data \\
publisher Publisher’s name.
 \epsilon ζ \zeta η \eta ε \varepsilon second & row & data \\
school Name of school (for thesis).
θ \theta ι \iota κ \kappa ϑ \vartheta \hline
series Name of series of books.
λ \lambda µ \mu ν \nu ξ \xi \end{tabular}
title Title of work.
π \pi ρ \rho σ \sigma τ \tau \caption{This is the caption}
type Type of tech. report, ex. “Research Note”.
υ \upsilon φ \phi χ \chi ψ \psi \label{ex:table}
volume Volume of a journal or book.
ω \omega Γ \Gamma ∆ \Delta Θ \Theta \end{table}
year Year of publication.
Λ \Lambda Ξ \Xi Π \Pi Σ \Sigma
Not all fields need to be filled. See example below.
Υ \Upsilon Φ \Phi Ψ \Psi Ω \Omega The table is numbered \ref{ex:table}.
Common BibTEX style files \end{document}
Bibliography and citations
abbrv Standard abstract alpha with abstract
When using BibTEX, you need to run latex, bibtex, and latex alpha Standard apa APA Copyright c 2014 Winston Chang
twice more to resolve dependencies. plain Standard unsrt Unsorted http://wch.github.io/latexsheet/
Looking for the Command of a Symbol?
http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html
ChatGPT
Test your LATEX Skills!
https://texnique.xyz/
The End