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Convective Heat Transfer

Convection is heat transfer between a solid and a moving fluid at different temperatures. Near the surface the fluid velocity is low, and diffusion dominates. Away from the surface, bulk motion dominates and dominates convection. Convection may take the form of either forced or assisted convection natural or free convection Boiling or condensing processes are also referred as a Convective Heat Transfer processes.

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Noorul Adha Baharom
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283 views

Convective Heat Transfer

Convection is heat transfer between a solid and a moving fluid at different temperatures. Near the surface the fluid velocity is low, and diffusion dominates. Away from the surface, bulk motion dominates and dominates convection. Convection may take the form of either forced or assisted convection natural or free convection Boiling or condensing processes are also referred as a Convective Heat Transfer processes.

Uploaded by

Noorul Adha Baharom
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Convective Heat Transfer

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Convective Heat Transfer


Heat transfer between a solid and a moving fluid is called convection. This is a short tutorial about convective heat transfer
Heat energy transferred between a surface and a moving fluid at different temperatures is known as convection. In reality this is a combination of diffusion and bulk motion of molecules. Near the surface the fluid velocity is low, and diffusion dominates. Away from the surface, bulk motion increase the influence and dominates. Convective heat transfer may take the form of either forced or assisted convection natural or free convection

Engineering Standards

Forced or Assisted Convection


Forced convection occurs when a fluid flow is induced by an external force, such as a pump, fan or a mixer.

Natural or Free Convection


Natural convection is caused by buoyancy forces due to dens ity differences caused by temperature variations in the fluid. At heating the density change in the boundary layer will cause the fluid to rise and be replaced by cooler fluid that also will heat and rise. This continues phenomena is called free or natural convection. Boiling or condensing processes are also referred as a convective heat transfer processes. The heat transfer per unit surface through convection was first described by Newton and the relation is known as the New ton's Law of Cooling. The equation for convection can be expressed as:
Convert Units
Temperature
o o

q = hc A dT where

(1)

C F

q = heat transferred per unit time (W) A = heat transfer area of the surface (m o) hc= convective heat transfer coefficient of the process (W/m 2K or W/m 2oC) dT = temperature difference between the surface and the bulk fluid (K or oC)

Length

m km in ft yards miles nautical miles

Heat Transfer Coefficients - Units


1 W/m 2K = 0.85984 kcal/h m 2 oC = 0.1761 Btu/ ft2 h oF 1 Btu/ft2 h oF = 5.678 W/m 2 K = 4.882 kcal/h m 2 oC 1 kcal/h m 2 oC = 1.163 W/m 2K = 0.205 Btu/ ft2 h oF

Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients


Volume m3 liters in3 ft3 us gal

The convection heat transfer coefficient - k - is dependent on the type of media, gas or liquid, the flow properties such as velocity, viscosity and other flow and temperature dependent properties. In general the convective heat transfer coefficient for some common fluids is within the ranges: Free Convection - Air : 5 - 25 (W/m 2K) Free Convection - Water: 20 - 100 (W/m 2K) Forced Convection - Air: 10 - 200 (W/m 2K) Forced Convection - Water: 50 - 10.000 (W/m 2K) Boiling Water : 3.000 - 100.000 (W/m 2K) Condensing Water Vapor: 5.000 - 100.000 (W/m 2K)

Velocity

m/s km/h ft/min ft/s mph knots

Example - Convective Heat Transfer


A fluid flows over a plane surface 1 m by 1 m with a bulk temperature of 50oC. The temperature of the surface is 20oC. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 2,000 W/m 2oC. q = (2,000 W/m 2oC) ((1 m) (1 m)) ((50oC) - (20oC)) = 60,000 (W)

Pressure

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Convective Heat Transfer

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Pa (N/m2) bar mm H2O kg/cm psi inches H2O


2

= 60 (kW)

Convective Heat Transfer Calculator


A - surface area (m 2) tsurface - surface temperature (oC) tair - air temperature (oC) hc - convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2K)

Flow m3/s m /h US gpm cfm


3

Heat Transfer = 60000 (W)

Convective Heat Transfer Chart Engineering Standards

Convective Heat Transfer Chart (pdf)

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