y FE u ULER'S TURBO EQUATION . The following assumptions are made in deriving Euler's turbo equation. 1) Mass flow rate is constant 2) The state of fluid at any given point is time invariant 3) The rates of energy transfer as heat and work at the rotor are constant. 4) Losses due to leakage are negligible . 5) Same steady mass of fluid flows through all the sections. Sa vce Ae4 114 Tb ad, Consider a rotor in which fluid enters and leaves as shiowa i Fig... _Let V, and V, are the absolute velocities of fluid at entry and exit of the rotor. EN, and Vy, are the tangential velocity components of fluid at entry and exit “Sand We ae radial veTOSI comporens of fui at entry and ex. ay GMTV are Telative velocity components at entry and exit. | oe tale sommes oe ae _ Ain a, are angles aT which fluid enters and leaves the rotor. . ; B, and, are angle made by the relative velocity components with tangential velocity componeny at entry and exit. In actual application they are called as blade angles at entry and exit, __R, and R, are the radii of rotor at entry and exit. » ithe angularspeed ofthe rotor. Angahirmomentum/s at entry = Momentum at entry x Radius at entry = Mass flow rate * tangential Velocity of fluid * R, Vu Ry Similarly Angular momentum/s at exit Wo Ry Change in angular momentum/s =mVy,R,-m Vy, R, =m (Vy, R.- Vin R) But from Newton's I law of motion Rate of change of angular momentum =Torque exerted by the rotor ie m(Vy3R)- Vay R=T If T is positive, the fl pump or compressor. This is because tl the quantity V,., R,t0 Vigo R, :. For pressure producing machines Vo R,? Vn R, If Tis negative, the fluid angt This is because an equal opposite torque is exerted by the fluid on the rotor, angular momentum increases through the control volume as for ¢ he torque or work supplied by the prime mover increases ular momentum decreases through the control volume as fora turbine. ie for turbines P=m(V,; Where u, =OR, and w Also,[P =(Vuit ~ Ye ----(2) Equations (1) and (2) are called as Euler's pump and Turbine equations respectivelywo | | L. EXC cae fom the outlet velocity triangle anernate z= Equating above two equations Mu ( an Vi-Ves =V3-(ue VE) 4 f ~—¢ ange & General Analysis of Turbo Machines 1s (urbo Equation or inlet a and outlet velocity triangles as shown in Fi, 32 I< Talet Velocity Triangle % Fig. 3.2 f Veo and — 2—-(u,-Vws)” — Vi - 03 — S85 +2Vy.u, _ ee eet ea \vo a =3 (V3 03 - -Va) ------ (i) se Frominlet velocity triangle Vyvu, = 4 3(¥ uf v3) ------ Q:) — Stor Euler's turbo equation on unit mass low ratebasis. X— PVs —Vii, Os sind) un Glnrshes P(E out —va)-L up au Va) ce Ply -Vi)+ + (u}—ut)+ +(V3- V3) ]forpump = ao ® Similarly for turbine “all-v. +(u? -u3)+(v3- va] ae “bing, fi and above two equations are called as alternate form of Euler's equations for pump4. DEGREE OF REACTION tis defined as the ratio of energy transfer du ¢ to change of stati transfer static gaat energy trar due to total pressure change ° Pressure in the ro ¢ farolen ptor to the or Iris the ratio of the work transfer to the rotor caused by work done in the stage. ie Degree of Reaction Were _ $[(u? - 08) +(va -va)] W Lv? -ve)+(ui 08) «(vi -v9)] (ui) +(Va-Ws) (vi -vz)+(ui -u3)+(Va-Va) _ Ss _ Static head ~ S+D_ Statichead+ Dynamichead h,—h, _ Staticenthalpy drop h,,—h,, Totalenthalpy drop Static pressure changes to the total Degree of reaction may be zero, negative or positive in a turbo machine. In impulse machines, there is no change of static head or pressure. ie w= u, and V,, = V,, R=0. V, is greater than the inlet kinetic IfR is positive and machine is power generating, then 2 . is grater tive and machine is power yenerating, then inlet kinetic energy