0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views3 pages

Public Ad 1st Assignment

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views3 pages

Public Ad 1st Assignment

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Introduction to Public Administration

1.) Distinct functions of the Government

- The Philippines is a republic with a presidential system of government, where the powers of
the executive, legislative, and judicial departments are all equal. A key component of a
presidential form of government is the separation of powers, which stipulates that the Executive
has the capacity to carry out laws, the Congress has the power to create laws, and the judiciary
has the jurisdiction to resolve legal disputes.

2.) Discuss and explain how they are manifested in the Government

- The legislative arm of government is given the power to enact, amend, and repeal laws
through the powers granted to the Philippine Congress. This institution is made up of the
Senate and the House of Representatives.

- The Executive branch is comprised of the President and Vice President, who are directly
elected by the people and occupy office for a term of six years. The President is given the
authority to appoint his cabinet in accordance with the Constitution. These departments
make up the majority of the bureaucracy of the government.

- Controversies concerning legally demandable and enforceable rights may be resolved by the
judicial branch. Whether or not there has been a serious abuse of discretion amounting to a
lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government is
determined by this branch. There is a Supreme Court and several courts inside it. According
to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has the authority to declare a treaty, international or
executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance,
or regulation to be unconstitutional by judicial review.

3.) Discuss the evolution of the Public Administration

- With the Bell Report, specifically the technical assistance provided by the University of
Michigan (UM) in the United States of America with the aim of reviving the colonized
country's economic development after the world wars, the Philippine Public Administration
as a discipline officially came into existence. In 1952, the University of the Philippines
created the Institute of Public Administration (IPA), which was modeled after the UM
curriculum. It was established to offer a training curriculum that would support the
country's civil service's professionalization. The Institute was launched in the Philippines
that same year by Mr. James K. Pollock, head of political science, and Mr. John W. Lederle,
director of IPA, both from the UM. They established the library for the Institute, oversaw a
two-pronged program (which combines in-service training for government personnel and an
academic program for university students), and developed a program for research and
publication. Harvard University provided the second technical support from the USA in 1978
to integrate public policy into the curriculum of the institution (Reyes, 2011).

It has advantages to follow the American Public Administration tradition. The works of a
French judge named Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville, in particular his two-volume
book entitled Democracy in America (1835 and 1840), demonstrate the splendor of a
democratic country. The democratization of their government positions was made possible
by the Jacksonian democracy, which was advocated by U.S. President Andrew Jackson. This
bureaucratic practice is also present in the Philippines, where the National President
position is open to all constituents without any discrimination as long as they meet the five
requirements outlined in Article VII, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution: they must be
natural-born Filipinos, registered voters, literate and capable voters, 40 years of age or older
on the day of the election, and residents of the Philippi.

The awarding of officials based on their political allegiances, however, shows how the
Jacksonian democracy was exploited. Following the Pendleton Act of 1883's
professionalization of their civil service, the Progressive Movement called for a transition
from a patronage or "spoils system" to an actual reward and merit system. Public Law No. 5,
also known as "An Act for the Establishment and Maintenance of Our Efficient and Honest
Civil Service in the Philippine Island," was passed in the Philippines and is comparable to this
law in that it required civil service exams and set standards for appointments in the
bureaucracy.

Many believed that the democratic system of government is the most valuable result of
the Philippines' decision to break with American public administration tradition (Article II
Section I of the 1987 Philippine Constitution). Being a democratic system imposes natural
checks and balances, such as the existence of the three departments of government
(executive, judicial, and legislative) and the fact that Congress is bicameral (Senate and
House of Representatives). What the multitudinous monarch referred to as popular opinion
is greatly protected through this arrangement, according to eminent public administration
professor Woodrow Wilson.

Although America had a history of success, their apparent kindness toward the
Philippines during their "benevolent assimilation" (President McKinley) was tarnished by
their own agendas. The United States attempted to rebuild the Philippines so that it could
continue to have influence over it. As colonization's past consequences and effects on the
colonized nation cannot be changed, what can be done is to continue down the path of
national identity exploration despite the interference of outside influences and to pave the
way toward a higher level of genuine freedom. It may be utopian to have no obligations to
any country in the strictest sense because in today's highly globalized world, all nations are
engaged in trade with other nations. However, suffice it to state that a more independent
foreign policy may be pursued, one that is not overly dependent on a single dominant
country. The struggle is to uphold what is essentially Filipino and to absorb and localize the
best methods from the colonists, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of
adhering to the American model of public administration.

4.) Is Public Administration an Art or a Science?

- Public administration is both an art and a science. Public Administration has two meanings:

a.) used to identify a procedure or a task involved in managing governmental affairs, and
b.) used to denote a field of academic or intellectual study, a discipline, or a field of
research.

The first description portrays public ad as an art for it concerns of doing the deeds with
some specific ends and views. It calls forth an impressive body of unique abilities in support
of a joint collaboration that is essential to the practice of modern civilized living. The
administration is the art of the government, with government taking the action. It is
primarily an activity and the act of doing it is an art. The second description portrays public
ad as a science. Science, as we defined it, is a systematized body of knowledge that explains
certain general truths or the operation of general laws. Those who works in administration
applies intelligence, consideration, and reasoning. Science uses scientific methods. Scientific
method with its emphasis on experimentation, observation, collection of data, classification
and analysis, and the formulation of laws and principle, its subsequent progress became
substantial to such facets of administration as organization, planning, personnel
administration and budgetary control are involved. The father of American public
administration, President Woodrow Wilson, was the most significant supporter of classifying
public administration as a science in contemporary times.

You might also like