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Input and output Devices
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 I/O devices
An input device is any device that allows
you to enter data into a computer and
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processed input from a computer and
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to understand.

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 Input and output Devices
Input and output Devices

Input Devices
An input device is a piece of computer hardware used to provide data and
control signals to a computer. It allows users to communicate with and feed
data into the computer for processing. Examples include keyboards, mice,
scanners, and microphones.
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Output Devices
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0 An output device is a piece of computer hardware that receives data from a
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computer and then translates that data into another form, such as visual,
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auditory, or physical form. These devices enable the user to view, hear, or even
feel the results of the computer's processes. Examples include monitors,
printers, speakers, and headphones.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Keyboard:
A keyboard is a primary input device used with computers and other digital
systems.
Components and Layout:

• Alphanumeric Keys: Include letters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9).

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• Function Keys: Located at the top of the keyboard (F1-F12).
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• Special Keys: Include Shift, Ctrl, Alt, and the Windows key.
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• Navigation Keys: Include arrow keys,Home,End,Page Up, and Down.

• Modifier Keys: Include keys like Shift, Ctrl, Alt, which modify the function

of other keys when pressed simultaneously.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Keyboard:

Types of Keyboards:

• Standard Keyboard: The most common type

used with desktop computers.

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• Wireless Keyboard: Connects to the device
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without physical cables, typically using
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Bluetooth or a wireless receiver.

• Virtual Keyboard: A software-based keyboard

displayed on a touchscreen device.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Mouse:
A computer mouse is a handheld pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface. This physical movement is
translated into the motion of a cursor on a display screen.
Types of Computer Mice:
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• Wired Mouse: Connects to a computer via a physical wire,
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• Wireless Mouse: Connects to the computer without wires,
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usually via Bluetooth or a wireless USB receiver.
• Ergonomic Mouse: Designed to reduce muscle strain and
decrease discomfort from prolonged use.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Scanner:
Is a digital device that captures images from photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages, and other printed materials. In the context of computers, it
refers to a device used to convert a physical image or document into a digital
format through a process called scanning.
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Types of Scanners:
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0 • Flatbed Scanner: Resembles a small photocopy machine. It has a flat glass
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surface to place documents.
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• Sheet-fed Scanner: Similar to a flatbed but has a feed where papers are
fed one at a time.
• Handheld Scanner: A manual device that is moved over the document.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Microphone:

A computer microphone, often referred to

simply as a mic, is an input device that captures

and converts sound waves (Analog) into an

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electrical (Digital0 signal, which can then be
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processed or recorded by a computer.
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Microphones are commonly used for various

applications, including voice communication,

recording, voice recognition, and more.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Digital Camera and Webcam:

Both serve as imaging devices, but they are designed for different primary

functions and have some distinct characteristics.

• Webcam: primarily used for video conferencing, live streaming, and other
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online communication purposes. They often come built into laptops or
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monitors, but there are also standalone versions available.
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• Digital Camera: primarily designed for photography and videography. They

capture high-resolution images and videos for a wide range of professional

and personal applications.

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 Input and output Devices
Input Devices

Touchscreen:

is a direct manipulation input device that

allows users to interact with a digital

display using touch gestures. This means

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users can control interface elements and
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execute commands on the screen directly
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with their fingers or a stylus pen, without

the need for a traditional keyboard or

mouse.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Monitor/Display Screen:

A monitor or display screen is an electronic visual display device

that presents images, text, and videos to the user. It is one of

the primary output devices used with computers, providing a

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visual representation of the information processed by the
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computer.
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Types of Display Technologies:

• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): An older technology, CRT monitors

use electron guns to illuminate phosphors on the screen.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Monitor/Display Screen:

Types of Display Technologies:

• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): These use liquid

crystals and backlights to produce images on the

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screen. LCDs are thinner and consume less
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power than CRTs.
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• Light Emitting Diode (LED): A subtype of LCDs

but with LED backlighting, resulting in brighter,

more vibrant images and better black levels.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Monitor/Display Screen:
Key Features
• Resolution: Refers to the number of pixels on the screen. Common
resolutions include 1080p (Full HD).
• Refresh Rate: Measures how many times the screen is redrawn in a
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second. Common refresh rates are 60Hz, 120Hz, and 144Hz.
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0 • Response Time: Measures how quickly a pixel can change colors, usually
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calculated in milliseconds (ms). Lower response times are preferable for
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fast-paced actions, like gaming.
• Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the width to the height of the screen. Common
aspect ratios are 16:9 and 4:3.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Printer:
An external peripheral device responsible for producing a
permanent human-readable representation of graphics or text
on paper.
Types of Printers:
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Dot Matrix Printer:
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0 • Uses a matrix of small pins to strike against an ink ribbon,
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transferring ink onto paper.
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• Produces characters and graphics by patterns of dots.
• Commonly used for multi-part forms as they can print
through several layers of paper.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Types of Printers:
Inkjet Printer:
• Uses liquid ink sprayed through tiny nozzles onto the paper.
• Capable of producing high-quality, color outputs.
• Commonly used in homes and small offices.
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Laser Printer:
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0 • Uses a laser beam to produce an image on a drum.
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• The image is then transferred from the drum to paper through an
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electrostatic process.
• Known for fast printing speeds and high-quality outputs.
• Often used in larger office settings.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Printer:

Key Features:

• Resolution: Measured in dots per inch (DPI), it indicates the print quality.

Higher DPI values mean finer, clearer prints.

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• Speed: Indicates how many pages a printer can produce in one minute
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(pages per minute, or PPM).
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• Connectivity: Printers can connect to devices via USB, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or

even Bluetooth.

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 Input and output Devices
Output Devices

Speaker:

the computer speaker system takes the

digital audio data from the computer,

converts it into an analog signal using the

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DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) in the
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sound card, amplifies the signal, and then
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uses that signal to produce sound waves

through the physical movement of its

drivers.

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 Input and output Devices
Input and output Devices.

Combined Input/Output Devices

Modem:

A modem, which stands for "modulator-

demodulator," is a combined input/output device

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that allows computers to communicate with each
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other over telephone lines or other transmission
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mediums. The primary function of a modem is to

convert digital data from a computer into a format

suitable for transmission over analog

communication lines, such as a telephone line.

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 Input and output Devices
Input and output Devices.

Combined Input/Output Devices

Modem:

Modulation: the modem converts (or modulates) the digital signal from the

computer into an analog signal that can be transmitted over telephone lines.
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Demodulation: When receiving data, the modem converts (or demodulates)
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the incoming analog signal into a digital signal that the computer can
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understand and process.

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 Input and output Devices
Input and output Devices.

Combined Input/Output Devices

Network Card:

• Input Functionality: The NIC receives

data packets from the network and

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sends them to the computer's processor
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for further action.
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• Output Functionality: It also takes data

from the computer's processor and

sends it out to the network.

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 Input and output Devices
Input and output Devices.

Combined Input/Output Devices

Touchscreen Monitor:

• Input Functionality: When you touch or swipe

the screen, it registers that touch as an input.

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This allows users to interact with software
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applications, enter data.
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• Output Functionality: The touchscreen also

displays visual information (output) to the user,

such as graphics, text, and videos.

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