NSET

Additional Question Bank

Section 1: Mathematics

Probability

1. Conditional Probability

In a small town, there are two bakeries, Bakery A and Bakery B, that specialize in
artisan breads. Recent surveys have shown that 60% of the town's residents
prefer bread from Bakery A, while the rest prefer bread from Bakery B.
Additionally, it is known that 70% of Bakery A's customers are repeat customers,
whereas Bakery B has a repeat customer rate of 50%.
One day, a resident is selected at random, and it is learned that this person is a
repeat customer of one of the bakeries, but it's not known which bakery.
What is the probability that this repeat customer prefers Bakery A over Bakery B?

2. Independent Events

In a game show, there are two rounds that a contestant must pass to win the
grand prize.

In the first round, the contestant must choose the correct door out of three,
behind one of which is a key to the next round. The doors are identical, and the
key's location is randomly assigned each game.

In the second round, the contestant is presented with a set of four boxes, one of
which contains a ticket to the grand prize. Similar to the doors, the ticket's
location is randomly determined for each game and not influenced by the
contestant's choice in the first round.

What is the probability that the contestant wins the grand prize by choosing the
correct door and the correct box in their respective rounds?

3. Bayes’ Theorem

In a city, a specific disease affects 3% of the population. A diagnostic test is available to

detect this disease, and it has an accuracy rate of 90%. However, the test has a false
positive rate of 8%, meaning that 8% of healthy individuals test positive.
 If a person tests positive for the disease, what is the probability that they actually have
the disease?

Permutations & Combinations

1. Basic Permutations
A high school is organizing a talent show and has 8 different acts prepared to perform.
However, due to time constraints, only 5 of these acts can be selected to perform on the
night of the show. Furthermore, the order in which these acts perform is crucial, as it will
affect the overall flow and audience engagement of the event.
In how many different ways can the selection and arrangement of the 5 acts from the
original 8 be made for the talent show?

2. Permutations with Repetitions

How many distinct permutations of the string "MYSTERY" exist?

3. Restricted Permutations
How many distinct permutations of the word MISSISSIPPI exist with all the same
characters appearing consecutively ?

4. Basic Combinations
In a community garden, there are 12 different types of flowers planted. A local artist
wants to create a new series of paintings, each featuring a unique combination of 5
different flowers from the garden to capture the essence of the community's floral
diversity.
How many unique combinations of flowers can the artist choose for a single painting,
given the variety available in the garden?

5. Combinations with Repetition

A local ice cream shop is famous for its build-your-own sundae station, where customers
can choose their own combination of toppings to add to their ice cream. The shop offers
10 different toppings. Customers can choose any combination of 4 toppings for their
sundae, and they are allowed to choose the same topping more than once if they wish
(for example, double chocolate chips).
How many unique combinations of 4 toppings can a customer choose for their sundae,
given that repetitions of toppings are allowed?
 6. Combinations with Probability
In a deck of 52 playing cards, there are 4 aces. A player draws 5 cards at random from
the deck without replacement.
What is the probability that the player draws exactly 2 aces in their hand of 5 cards?

Sequence and Series

1. Arithmetic Progression
A certain sequence of numbers forms an arithmetic progression. The 5th term of the
sequence is 23, and the 12th term is 50.

2. Geometric Progression
A carpenter has a wooden log that is N units long. Every hour, he cuts the log into two
equal halves, discards one half and uses the other to continue cutting in the next hour.
How many hours will it take for him to have a log of length 1 unit left?

Number Theory

1. Divisibility, GCD and LCM

GCD or Greatest common divisor of (a,b) is the largest number x that divides both a and
b.
GCD(a, b, c) is the largest number that divides a as well as b as well as c.
GCD(a1, a2, a3, a4, .... an) is the largest number x that divides all of a1, a2, a3 ... an.
For example, given the list [216, 900, 36, 120, 144, 108] , the gcd of all the numbers in
the list is 12.
You can choose to delete any number from that list. Delete one number such that the
GCD of the remaining list is maximized.

2. Prime Numbers & their Properties

Imagine there are 40 switches which have states (on and off). All of them are initially in
off state.

All these 40 switches are numbered from 1 to 40 and are placed in a straight line. In front
of the first switch there is a man and in front of the remaining 39 switches, there is a
monkey.

The man switches on all 40 switches.

 Then, in sequence, every monkey does the following:

- I​magine the monkey is at switch x.

- If switch x is off then the monkey runs away without doing anything.
- If switch x is on then the monkey goes to switch number 2x and switches it off (if
it was already off then it leaves the switch as it is).
- Then to switch number 3x and switches it off.
- Keeps doing this till the switch number i*x exceeds 40 and hence, there is no
switch left to switch off.
​After every monkey (monkey at switch 2, to all the way till monkey at switch 40) has
completed the process, you have to tell how many switches will be in turned on state.

3. Unique Factorization Theorem

If an AI generates a random positive integer multiple of 756, with each multiple equally
likely to be chosen, what is the probability that this generated multiple is divisible by
6048?

4. Congruences and Modular Arithmetic

Given 2 numbers a and b, a%b represents the remainder when a is divided by b.

For example, 12%5 = 2 because 12 when divided by 5 leaves a remainder of 2.

Following are some rules of modulo arithmetic:

(ab) % c = (ba) % c
(a+b) % c = (b+a) % c
(a*b) % c = (a%c * b%c)%c
(ab * db) % c = (ad)b % c = (ad % c)b % c
Find out the value of 71024 % 13

5. Diophantine Equations
Find out all integer values of `x` that satisfy the following polynomial equation:

x3 + 3x2 - 6x - 18 = 0
Section 2: Learnability

Sample questions

Reading Material for the next 4 questions:

As humans, we typically represent numbers in the decimal system. Counting to ten is as
simple as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.
Computers however can only understand binary numbers - Numbers represented using
only 2 symbols "0" and "1". Here's what it looks like when a computer counts from 1 to
10.
0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111, 1000, 1001, 1010

The binary system works the same way as decimal. The only difference is that instead of
multiplying the digit by a power of 10, we multiply it by a power of 2.
For example, the binary number 110 can be converted to decimal by the following
calculation:
110 in binary = 0 * 20 + 1 * 21 + 1 * 22 = 6.

How to convert binary to decimal

For binary number with n digits:
dn-1 ... d3 d2 d1 d0

The decimal number is equal to the sum of binary digits (dn) times their power of 2 (2n):
decimal = d0×20 + d1×21 + d2×22 + …
How to convert decimal to binary

Conversion steps:
1. Divide the number by 2.
2. Get the integer quotient for the next iteration.
3. Get the remainder for the binary digit.
4. Repeat the steps until the quotient is equal to 0.

Example:
Let's take the example of 6.

Divison by 2 Remainder Quotient Bit#

6/2 0 3 0
3/2 1 1 1
1/2 1 0 2
Hence 6 = 110 in binary (Remainders from the bottom row to first).
 Question 1:

Given a binary number X = 1001011101000101, find the binary representation of the X *

2 (X multiplied by 2).

Question 2:
Given a binary number X 11010101001011101, find the binary representation of X * 8 (X
multiplied by 8).

Question 3:
Given a binary number X = 10010101010101001111, find the binary representation of
the integer part of X / 2 (X divided by 2).

Example: Integer part of 5/2 = 2.

Please note that X is a binary representation of a number.

Question 4:
Given a binary number X = 11110110101010001111, find the binary representation of the
integer part of X / 8 (X divided by 8).

Example: Integer part of 5/2 = 2. Please note that X is a binary number.

Reading Material

Binary Operators
A binary digit (0 or 1) is also called as bit.
There are certain operations you can do on a pair of bits, and one such operator is XOR
(represented by symbol ^).

If you are given 2 bits a and b, then the value of a^b comes as follows:

a b a^b
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
In other words, a^b = 1 if a and b are different, otherwise it is 0.

Given 2 binary numbers, you can do bitwise XOR (pad 0s to make them the same length
and then xor between corresponding bits).
Example 1: if I ask you what is XOR between 1010 and 11, then you follow the following
steps:

● Step 1: Make both numbers equal size by padding 0s. So, our numbers
become 1010 and 0011.
● Step 2: Now take XOR of corresponding bits like the following:

1010
^ 0011
--------
1001

Hence, the answer is 1001.

Given 2 decimal numbers, you can do bitwise XOR.

If I ask you what is the XOR between 3 and 4 then you can convert them to binary first
and apply the approach explained above.

Example 2: 3^4
3 in binary is 11
4 in binary is 100

011
^100
-----
111

Hence, the answer is 111 which is 7 in decimal.

So, 3^4 = 7

Question 5
You can choose any 2 numbers in the range [1, 58] (1 and 58 included). You have to
choose them so that the resulting XOR of their binary representation is maximised.
Tell us the decimal number corresponding to the maximum XOR possible. Please make
sure the first digit of the decimal is not 0.
Section 3: Aptitude

Quantitative Ability

- Percentage

1. Out of 100 pitches made on Shark Tank, 30% of them receive investments. If
70% of the invested companies become successful, what is the number of
companies that become successful after getting an investment from Shark Tank?

2. A company's stock price increased by 20% in the first quarter, decreased by 10%
in the second quarter and increased by 10% in the third quarter. If the initial stock
price was 100, what is the final stock price after the third quarter?

3. In the IPL auction, Team A spent 30% of its budget on batsmen, 20% on bowlers,
25% on all-rounders, and the remaining on wicket-keepers. If Team A spent
5,00,00,000 rupees on all-rounders, how much did they spend on bowlers (in
rupees)?

- Profit and Loss

1. A merchant sells an item with a profit margin of 20%. If he had sold it for 30
rupees higher, his profit margin would have been 30%. Determine the original
price of the item.

2. A company's profits increased by 15% this year, decreased by 10% next year,
and increased by 12% in the third year. What is the net percentage change in
profits over the three years?

- Speed, Time and Distance

1. Alice starts cycling from point A to point B, covering a distance of 140 km at a

speed of 15 km/h. At the same time, Bob starts cycling from point B to point A,
covering the same distance at a speed of 20 km/h. How many hours will it take
for them to meet?

2. A train travels from Station X to Station Y at an average speed of 75 km/h and

returns to Station X at an average speed of 50 km/h. If the total travel time is 8
hours, find the distance between the two stations in meters.
 3. Commencing their journey simultaneously, Emily arrives at school at 7:20 am
with a speed of 10 km/hr, and at 6:45 am with a speed of 18 km/hr. If Emily
leaves home at 6:30 am, what speed, in km/hr, should she maintain to reach
school precisely at 7:00 am?

- Work and Time

1. A, B, and C can complete a project in 18 days, 24 days, and 36 days,

respectively. They begin working together, but after 6 days, A and B leave. In
how many more days will C complete the remaining work?

2. Three workers can complete a task in 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days,

respectively. They start working together, but after 2 days the first worker leaves
just for 1 day and then joins again the next day, how many total days will it take to
complete the work?

- Remainder Theorem

1. Find the remainder when 2202310100100101 is divided by 15.

Logical Reasoning

- Venn Diagrams

1. In a town, there are three types of public transportation: Bus, Train, and Metro. Of
the commuters, 60 use the bus, 50 use the train, 40 use the metro, 20 use both
the bus and train, 10 use both the train and metro, and 5 use all three modes of
transportation. How many commuters are there in total?

2. In a factory, there are three shifts: Morning, Afternoon, and Night. Of the workers,
40 work in the morning, 30 work in the afternoon, 20 work at night, 10 work both
morning and afternoon, 5 work both afternoon and night, and 3 work all three
shifts. How many workers are there in total?

- Number and Letter Series

 1. Let S = {1, 2, 3, …. 7007}. How many times digit 7 appears in this sequence?

2. Given 7 balls tagged as A, B, C, D, E, F & G. All look identical to each other but
only one of these 7 is made of real gold. If you start counting from first and wind
back and forth while counting (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, F, E, D, C, B, A, B, C …), then
the golden ball would be the 1100th one that you count. Which one is the golden
ball?

- Miscellaneous

1. A chemist has 6 chemicals each weighing 3, 4, 2, 10, 6 & 5 grams. The goal is to
combine these chemicals into a single mixture. The chemist can only combine two
chemicals at a time. The cost of combining the two chemicals is equal to the sum of
their weights. Calculate and provide the minimum cost required to mix all the
chemicals into a single mixture.

2. In a sports tournament with 16 teams, how many minimum games need to be

played to determine the winner?
Ready to pave a bright career in tech?