LOVE

IN TI M AC Y
RE LA TI O N SH IP
 OBJECTIVES
1. define terms such as "love," "attraction,"
"intimacy," "relationship," and other related
terms;
2. discuss different theories of love;
3. identify needs, issues, and concerns experienced
by people who are in a romantic relationship; and
4. reflect upon one's attitudes towards love,
intimacy, and relationship
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Love -a complex phenomenon characterized by an
affective and cognitive inclination to someone and
a set of social behaviors geared towards cohesion.
Intimacy-the psychosocial component of love,
knowing and being known by someone in a deeply
personal level; emotional closeness and connection
Passion-the emotive and physical component of
love, drive towards sexual and romantic attraction.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Commitment- decision to engage and maintain a
loving relationship.
Relationship-social bond between and among
individuals manifested through communication
and other forms of interaction. This bond may be
biological or determined by social contracts such
as social consensus or laws.
 INTRODUCTION
In February 15, 2015, a McCann World Group study found that
Filipinos express love the most among Asia Pacific countries,
saying "I love you" about 17 times per week, ranking sixth in
the survey. The study involved 30,000 respondents from 29
countries. The chapter introduces Robert Sternberg's 1986
paper, questioning the meaning of love and exploring the
complexities of this celebrated human emotion.
LOVE AS A HUMAN
EXPERIENCE
 LOVE AS A HUMAN EXPERIENCE

Love as a culture universal.

—Love is viewed as a culture universal, a
common experience cutting across time
and cultures. It's a shared phenomenon
among humans, with variations in how it's
perceived and expressed.
 LOVE AS A HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Love as a social phenomenon
—Love is considered a social phenomenon,
occurring within our interactions and
relationships. It involves communication,
the exchange of culturally agreed-upon
language symbols to convey meanings and
express shared realities and worldviews.
 LOVE AS A HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Love as an emotion
—Love is seen as an emotion, a physiological response
evaluated psychologically during life events. Basic
emotions like joy, sadness, fear, disgust, and anger exist,
along with complex emotions formed by varying
magnitudes of basic emotions influenced by
circumstances. Love is considered a complex emotion due
to its intricate nature involving factors like people, place,
and time.
 LOVE AS A HUMAN EXPERIENCE

Love as a neurobiological event

—Love is now studied as a neurobiological event, examining the
rapid transmission of information within our nervous system. This
involves electrical signals along neurons, facilitated by
neurotransmitters. The neurobiological aspect of love is linked
to specific brain regions, like the ventral tegmental area (VTA)
behind the left eyes, and is associated with increased
endorphins, known as mood-enhancing hormones.
THEORIZING
LOVE
 THEORIZING LOVE
PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW ON LOVE
Psychodynamic theory is a collective term, which
rooted in the theories of psychologist like Sigmund
Freud and later expanded by theorists that supports,
redefine, or refutes his proposition
The psychodynamic view on love emphasizes the
influence of unconscious, and early life experience/
attachment on an individual’s capacity to love and
form relationships.
 THEORIZING LOVE

COLOR WHEEL OF LOVE

the color wheel of love is an idea created
by the Canadian psychologist John Alan
Lee. He suggested that there are different
types of love, the primary and secondary
love.
 THEORIZING LOVE

COLOR WHEEL OF LOVE

The primary types of love are:
-Eros (sexual and romantic)
-Philia (friendly)
-Storge (parental/ filial love)
 THEORIZING LOVE

COLOR WHEEL OF LOVE

The secondary types of love are:
-Pragma (practical love)
-Agape (universal love)
-Philautia (self love)
 THEORIZING LOVE

TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE

One of the most popular theories of love is the
triangular model by Sternberg, a psychologist.
According to the triangular model of love,
there are 3 components of love and these are:
 THEORIZING LOVE

TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE

Intimacy- pertains to psychological/ relational
aspects.
Passion- refers to physical/ emotional aspects.
Commitment- involves the decision we make
with regards to engaging or maintaining the
loving relationship.
 THEORIZING LOVE
TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE
According to Sternberg, various combinations of these three
components result in different types or styles of love. For
instance:
Infatuation: Passion alone, without intimacy or
commitment.
Empty Love: Commitment alone, without intimacy or
passion.
Fatuous Love: Passion and commitment, without intimacy.
 THEORIZING LOVE
TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE
Romantic Love: Intimacy and passion, without
commitment.
Companionate Love: Intimacy and commitment, without
passion.
Consummate Love: The ideal type of love involving all
three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.
Liking: Intimacy alone, without passion & commitment
 THEORIZING LOVE
ROMANTIC & COMPANIONATE LOVE
Two types of love according to Hatfield and Rapson
(1978, 1993): romantic love and companionate love.
Romantic love is marked by intense passion,
described as a strong desire for union with the
partner.
Companionate love is characterized by intense
intimacy and emotional closeness, similar to liking.
 THEORIZING LOVE
LOVE LANGUAGES
Gary Chapman introduced the concept of love
languages, suggesting people have unique ways of
giving and receiving love. Five love languages
identified by Chapman (1995): words of affirmation,
acts of service, receiving gifts, quality time, and
physical touch.
 THEORIZING LOVE
LOVE LANGUAGES
Words of affirmation lovers express love verbally,
often using "I love you" and words of endearment.
Physical touch lovers express love through hugs,
kisses, and non-sexual physical contact, valuing
proximity.
Time lovers value quality moments, seeking to
create lasting memories with their loved ones.
 THEORIZING LOVE
LOVE LANGUAGES
Gifts lovers show and receive affection
through material objects, especially during
special occasions.
Acts of service lovers express love by
helping and serving their partners in
various tasks.
LOVE & INTIMATE
RELATIONSHIPS
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
LOVE & INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP
Love, although well-studied and variedly-theorized, remains
abstract and obscure unless viewed in the context of human
relationship. George Levinger’s analysis of close human
relationships, he postulated that there are stages that intimate
relationships go through:
1. Acquaintance
2. Buildup
3. Consolidation and continuation
4. Decline or Deterioration
5. Ending or Termination
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

ACQUAINTANCE
This stage marks the beginning of a relationship as
intimate human relationships starts in
acquaintanceship. It involves getting to know each
other and may include casual interactions and the
exchange of basic information. Crucial at this stage
is attraction.
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
BUILDUP
The second stage is buildup. After the initial acquaintance
stage, the relationship moves into the buildup stage or in a
deeper relationship. Frequent interaction increases, kinds
of activities shared become diverse, involved parties begin
to introduce one another to each other's friends and
families making the social network larger and
interconnected. This is the stage when two people test their
boundaries.
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
CONSOLIDATION & CONTINUATION
The third stage of intimate relationship is
consolidation. This stage is when people commits
to a long-term relationship with one another,
either through a personal agreement (ie.,
exclusivity of partnership, domestic partnership)
or a social-legal agreement (ie., marriage).
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
CONSOLIDATION & CONTINUATION
What makes people commit to a relationship, to
the point of legitimizing it through marriage?
Often, people set standards that are sustainable
(e.g., ability of each other to maintain a family
or a household, readiness of each other to raise
children, career, and financial capacities).
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
DECLINE OR DETERIORATION
In the decline or deterioration stage of
intimate relationships, some partnerships
falter due to a shift in priorities, diminishing
conjoint values, infidelity, or irreconcilable
differences that harm both individuals and the
partnership as a whole.
 INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
ENDING or TERMINATION
In the concluding stage, intimate partnerships
unable to resolve issues leading to
deterioration end through informal (collective
decision) or formal (marriage dissolution)
means, terminating the agreements made.
 TH AN K YO U
PRE SEN TED BY: SHA MEL LOP EZ &
NIC OLE GOM EZ