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Marcus vs Duterte

A Comparative Analysis of Martial Law in the Philippines


Martial Law
A government’s power to impose military control over civilian
functions of government, particularly in response to a temporary
emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied
territory.
Martial law has historically been implemented through
the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Under the current Constitution of the Philippines, the


president is the head of state and commander in
chief of the armed forces.
Impositions
a) Curfews
b) Suspensions of
 Civil Law
 Civil Rights
 Habeas Corpus
Ferdinand Emmanuel
Edralin Marcos Sr.
10th President of the Philippines

In office: December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986


Marcos' Martial Law (1972-1981)
KEY EVENTS:
September 21, 1972: Marcos signs Presidential Proclamation No.
1081, placing the Philippines under martial law.
September 23, 1972: Marcos announces the declaration of martial
law, citing the "communist threat" and the need to "save the
republic".
January 17, 1981: The formal proclamation of martial law is lifted,
but Marcos retains most of his powers as dictator.
February 25, 1986: Marcos is ousted from power during the EDSA
Revolution.
Human Rights Abuses
Widespread abuses, including extrajudicial killings, torture,
disappearances, and arbitrary detentions, targeting political
opponents, students, journalists, religious workers, farmers,
and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.

Estimates indicate 3,257 known extrajudicial killings, 35,000


documented tortures, 737 disappearances, and 70,000 incarcerations.
Economic Roots and Social Unrest
The Marcos administration's loan-funded deficit
spending and large-scale infrastructure projects led to
economic crisis, social unrest, and the need for martial
law.
Anti-Communist Rhetoric
Marcos used anti-communist rhetoric to justify martial
law, exaggerating the threat posed by the Communist
Party of the Philippines (CPP) and the New People's
Army (NPA).
Incidents of Unrest
• The First Quarter Storm Protests
• The MV Karagatan Incident
• The Plaza Miranda Bombing,
• The 1972 Manila Bombings, And
• The Alleged Assassination Attempt On Defense Minister
Juan Ponce Enrile Were Used As Justifications For
Martial Law.
Martial Law's Impact
The declaration of martial law allowed the Marcoses to
hide secret stashes of unexplained wealth, which were
later determined to be "of criminal origin“
International Response
Marcos sought to court the support of the United States
government, which was caught up in the same Cold War-era
"red scare" as the Philippines.

However, Marcos' human rights abuses and consolidation of


power eventually led to international condemnation and
pressure, contributing to his downfall.
Rodrigo Roa Duterte
16th President of the Philippines
In office: June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022
Duterte's Martial Law Rhetoric
(2016-2022)
KEY EVENTS
May 23, 2017: Duterte declares martial law in Mindanao in response
to the Marawi siege by Islamic militants

July 2017: The martial law declaration is extended for another year,
citing the ongoing threat of terrorism and insurgency

2018: The martial law declaration is extended for another year, citing
the need to combat communist insurgency and terrorism
Martial Law Rationale
Duterte's martial law declarations were justified as a
response to the Marawi siege and the ongoing threat of
terrorism and insurgency in Mindanao
Human Rights Concerns
Critics have raised concerns about human rights abuses
and extrajudicial killings during Duterte's martial law
declarations, particularly in Mindanao
Economic Impact
The martial law declarations have had an impact on the
economy, particularly in Mindanao, with some
businesses and industries affected by the martial law
Political Impact
The martial law declarations have had a significant
political impact, with Duterte's popularity and authority
enhanced by the declarations.
COMPARISONS
LEGACY AND LESSONS
LEARNED
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

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