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4 Theory of Equations

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29 views

4 Theory of Equations

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mallikupasana11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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« MATHS 2A 1

BABY BULLET-Q «

4.THEORY OF EQUATIONS
(1 X 2) + (1 X 7) = 9 Marks

@IMP FORMULAS, KEY CONCEPTS?


1) A polynomial equation with n roots a1,a2,....an is (x-a1)(x-a2)....(x-an)=0.
2) If a,b,g are the roots of a0x3+a1x2+a2x+a3=0, then
(i) S1=a+b+g= -a1/a0 (ii) S2=ab+bg+ga=a2/a0 (iii) S3=abg= -a3/a0
3) If a,b,g,d are the roots of a0x4+a1x3+a2x2+a3x+a4=0 then
(i) S1=a+b+g+d= -a1/a0 (ii) S2=ab+ag+ad+bg+bd+gd=a2/a0
(iii) S3=abg+abd+agd+bgd= -a3/a0 (iv) S4=abgd=a4/a0
4.1) Sa2=a2+b2+g2=(a+b+g)2-2(ab+bg+ga)
- Q
T
4.2) Sa2b2=a2b2+b2g2+g2a2=(ab+bg+ga)2- 2abg(a+b+g)

E
4.3) Sa2b+Sab2=(ab+bg+ga)(a+b+g)-3abg

L
4.4) Sa3=a3+b3+g3 = (a+b+g)(a2+b2+g2-ab-bg-ga)+3abg

L
4.5) Sa3b3=(a2b2+b2g2+g2a2)(ab+bg+ga) - abg(Sa2b+Sab2)
5.1) The roots of a cubic equation in A.P. can be taken as a-d, a, a+d

U
5.2) The roots of a cubic equation in G.P. can be taken as a/r, a, ar

B
6.1) The equation whose roots are those of the equation f(x)=0 with signs changed is f(-x)=0
6.2) The equation whose roots are k(¹0) times the roots of f(x)=0 is f(x/k)=0

Y
6.3) The equation whose roots are reciprocals of the roots of f(x)=0 is f(1/x)=0

B
6.4) The equation whose roots are exceed by h than those of f(x)=0 is f(x-h)=0

A
6.5) The equation whose roots are diminished by h than those of f(x)=0 is f(x+h)=0

B
6.6) The equation whose roots are the squares of the roots of f(x)=0 is f ( x) 0 when this is
expressed as a polynomial equation (i.e., radical signs should be removed)
7) Removal of terms: If f(x)=a0xn+a1xn-1+....+an=0 then
a
(i) to remove the second term in f(x)=0, diminish the roots of f(x)=0 by h  1
na 0
n (n  1) 2
(ii) to remove the 3rd term, diminish the roots of f(x)=0 by h such that a0 h +a1(n-1)h+a2=0
2
8.1) A polynomial equation f(x)=a0xn+a1xn-1+....+an=0 is said to a reciprocal equation of
Class-I if ak=an-k (" k=0,1,2,....,n) and Class-II if ak=-an-k (" k=0,1,2,....,n)
8.2) A reciprocal equation of class-I with even degree is called a Standard Reciprocal Equation
8.3) Procedure of solving a S.R.E: To solve a S.R.E of order 2m, divide the equation by xm
1
and put x  y and proceed accordingly.
x
8.4) For a R.E of class-I of odd degree "–1" is a root; For a R.E of class-II of odd degree "1" is
a root; For a R.E of class-II of even degree "1, –1" are two roots

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