ART APPRECIATION GE8

SECOND SEMESTER
NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ART APPRECIATION

INTRODUCTION HOW CAN I DEVELOP AN

APPRECIATION FOR ART?
• Art Appreciation is the
• You can develop an
process of learning about
appreciation for art by
and understanding different
learning about the elements
forms of art and their
of art and the different styles
meanings.
and movements of art.
• It involves looking at,
• You can also visit art
discussing and responding
galleries, attend art classes
to different kinds of artworks.
or workshops, and
• Art Appreciation can be
participate in art based
both formal and informal,
activities.
and can include studying
• Additionally, you can read
the work of particular artists,
about and research the
art movements, art styles
works of particular artist and
and themes.
art movements, and
• It can also include learning
consider the history and
about the elements of art,
culture associated with a
such as lines, shape, color,
particular work of art.
texture, form, composition
and perspective.
• Art Appreciation can be
done alone or with a group,
and can include activities
such as visiting art galleries,
attending art classes or
workshops and participating
in art-based activities.
• Additionally, art
appreciation can be
enhanced by learning
about the history and culture
associated with a particular
work of art.
Page | 1
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
HISTORY OF ART

• The history of art is vast and

complex, spanning
thousands of years and ART APPRECIATION
encompassing numerous ‣ Art Appreciation is the
cultures, art movements, process of understanding
and styles. Here are some of and evaluating works of art.
the highlights that have ‣ It involves developing an
shaped the history of art: understanding of the
elements of art, such as
‣ The Italian Renaissance color, form, texture and
(14th – 15th centuries) – The composition, and using that
Renaissance is widely knowledge to interpret and
considered the birthplace of analyze works of art.
modern era of art, with its ‣ It also involves learning
emphasis on classical about the cultural and
values, realism, and historical context in which
humanism. The period saw a works of art were created,
surge of creativity in Italy and considering the artist’s
and beyond with intent and technique.
masterpieces such as ‣ Art Appreciation helps
Michelangelo’s Sistine people to understand,
Chapel ceiling and enjoy, and appreciate works
Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona of art, and to think more
Lisa. deeply about the world
‣ The Baroque Period (17th around us.
century) – This period saw
the emergence of the
Baroque style, characterized HUMANITIES
by dramatic compositions • Humanities came from the
and intense emotions. Major Latin word humanus
artists of the period include meaning refined, cultured
Caravaggio, Rembrandt, and human.
and Rubens.
Page | 2
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER

➢ study of the different ETYMOLOGY OF ART

cultural aspect of man, his ➢ ART comes from the Aryan
frailties in life and how it can root word AR which means
be improved to put together
➢ records man’s quest for ➢ Latin word ARS which
answers to the fundamental means skills/ability.
questions he asks about ➢ cover those areas of
himself and about life. artistic creativity embraces
• Humanities are expressions the visual arts, literature,
of man’s feelings and music and dance.
thoughts. ➢ expresses aesthetic ideas
➢ emphasizes dignity and use of skill & imagination.
worthiness and recognizes
creative expressions. DIVISION OF THE ARTS
➢ aimed to shape students ➢ VISUAL
subjective energies ( feelings - Arts that are primarily
, attitudes and aspirations) seen, occupies space.
Ex. Paintings, Sculpture
IMPORTANCE OF and Architectures
HUMANITIES ➢ AUDITORY
‣ MAN NEEDS AND IMAGE - heard, timed arts; exist in
OF HIMSELF time.
‣ UNDERSTANDING OF HIS Ex . Music and Poetry
NATURES ➢ COMBINED/PERFORMING
‣ PROVIDES MAN WITH A ARTS
MEASURE OF HIS OWN - combines visual &
PASSION AND DESIRE auditory elements.
‣ NECESSARY FOR THE Ex. Drama & theatre,
DEVELOPMENT OF A dancing, cinema & TV,
COMPLETE, SOCIAL MAN. opera.

Page | 3
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER

PURPOSES OF THE ARTS shows that it was made by

➱ CREATE BEAUTY human beings.
➱ REVEAL TRUTH • The function of the artists is
➱ RECORD AND to help us understand the
COMMEMORATE nature of things to realize the
EXPERIENCE possibilities in the world to
➱ PROVIDE DECORATION develop insights or enlarge
imagination by creating or
➱ EXPRESS RELIGION VALUES
revealing new subjects.
➱ CREATE ORDER &
HARMONY
❝ ART IS MADE BY MAN; ART
IS EVERYWHERE ❞
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE
ART
❝ ART IS MAN’S OLDEST
➢ Art has been created by
MEANS OF EXPRESSION; ART
all people at all times, in all
AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSION
countries and it lives
because its well-liked and & COMMUNICATION ❞
enjoyed.
❝ The humanities constitute one
➢ Art involves experience;
of the oldest and most
there can never be important means of expression
appreciation of art without developed by man ❞. Human
experience. history has witness how man
evolved not just physically but
ART AND NATURE also culturally, from cave
• Art is not nature. Art is painters to men of exquisite
made by human beings. paintbrush users of the present.
Even if one goes back to the
Artists frequently find their
time before written records of
inspiration and subject
man’s civilization has
matter in nature and artists appeared, he can find cases of
do use nature as a medium, man’s attempts of not just
but art itself is not nature. crafting tools to live and survive
• Art is made by human but also expressing his feeling
beings and no matter how and thoughts.
close it is to nature. It always
Page | 4
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
VISUAL ARTS
problems that have never
ART APPRECIATION AS A
occurred before, conflate
WAY OF LIFE function and style, and
• Jean-Paul Sartre, a simply make life a more
famous French unique and enjoyable
philosopher of the experience. A creative artist
twentieth century, does not simply copy or
described the role of art imitate another artist’s work.
as a creative work that He does not imitate the lines,
beholds beauty of its own flaws, colors, and patterns in
recreating nature. He
kind, the kind that the
embraces originality, puts his
artist sees and wants the
own flavor into his work, and
viewers to perceive. calls it his own creative
• More often than not, piece.
people are blind to this
beauty and only those ART AS A PRODUCT OF
who have developed a IMAGINATION,
fine sense of appreciation
IMAGINATION AS A
can experience and see
PRODUCT OF ART
the art the same way the
➢ All famous writers,
artist did. Because of this,
painters, and even
numerous artworks go musicians get their ideas
unnoticed, artists an not from their own imagination.
given enough credit, and As Albert Einstein said “
they miss opportunities. Imagination is more
important than knowledge.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY For knowledge is limited to
IN ART MAKING all we know and
understand, while
➢ Creativity requires
imagination embraces the
thinking outside the box. It entire world, and all there
is often used to solve ever
Page | 5
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
will be to know and printmaking, design,
understand”. Imagination crafts, photography,
is not constrained by the video, filmmaking, and
walls of the norm but goes architecture.
beyond that. ➱ Drawing is a means of
making an image using
ART AS EXPRESSION any of a wide variety of
‣ Robin George tools and techniques.
Collingwood, an English ➱ Painting taken literally
philosopher who is best is the practice of applying
known for his work in pigment suspended in a
aesthetics, explicated in carrier (or medium) and a
his publication The binding agent (a glue) to
Principles of Art (1938) a surface (support) such
that what an artist does to as papers, canvas, or a
an emotion is not to wall.
induce it, but express it. ➱ Printmaking is
‣ There are countless ways creating, for artistic
of expressing oneself purposes, an image on a
through art. The following matrix that is then
list includes, but is not transferred to a 2-
limited to, popular art dimensional (flat) surface
expressions. by means of ink (or
another form of
DIFFERENT FORM OF pigmentation).
EXPRESSION ➱ Photography is the
➢ VISUAL ARTS - These are process of making
the creations that appeal pictures by means of the
to the sense of sight and action of light. Light
are mainly visual in patterns reflected or
nature. The visual arts are emitted from objects are
art forms such as recorded onto a sensitive
ceramics, drawings, medium or storage chip
paintings, sculpture, through timed exposure.

Page | 6
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
➱ Filmmaking is the ➢ Three-dimensional Art
process of making a (3D art) – It is an art that is
motion-picture, from an perceived to have height,
initial conception and width, depth, and having
research, through these three makes it a
scriptwriting, shooting, form; meaning all 3D arts
and recording, animation have form. Also, 3d can
or other special effects, be created with
editing, sound and music COMPUTERS; a visual
work and finally effect that has height,
distribution to an width, and depth. In
audience. simple words, 3D art
creates an illusion to trick
➢ Two-dimensional Art our mind.
(2D Art) – Art limited in
composition to the ➢ FILM – It refers to the art
dimensions of depth and of putting together
height is called 2D art. This successions of still images
includes paintings, in order to create an
drawings, and illusion of movement. It
photographs. Media used also focuses on its
to create 2D art may aesthetic, cultural, and
include anything that can social value and is
make a mark on a flat considered as both an art
surface. Each medium and an industry.
brings its own unique Filmmaking simulates
qualities to a work of art; experiences or creates
for example, oil paints one that is beyond the
can be reworked for days scope of our imagination
before drying and have as it aims to deliver ideas,
unique depth. feelings, or beauty to its
viewers.

Page | 7
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
➱ Analog Film is a plastic performance took place,
sheet with a the performer’s body,
photosensitive emulsion and a relationship
that comes in various between the audience
formats for still and video and the performers. The
cameras. When exposed fact that performance art
to light, plastic-based film is live makes it intangible,
creates an “analog” of which means it cannot be
the actual scene. bought or traded as
Film was never called commodity, unlike the
analog until digital previously discussed art
cameras came on the expressions. Also,
scene. performance art arose in
➱ Digital Art is an artistic the early 1970s as a
work or practice that uses general term for a
digital technology as part multitude of activities
of the creative or including happenings,
presentation process, body art, actions, events,
including computer art and guerilla theatre.
and multimedia art.
Digital art is itself placed ➢ POETRY –
under the larger umbrella PERFORMANCE – Poetry
term new media art. performance is an art
form where the artist
➢ PERFORMANCE ART – expresses his emotions not
Performance art is a by using paint, charcoal,
genre in which art is or camera, but expresses
presented “live”, usually them through words.
by the artist but – These words are
sometimes with carefully selected to
collaborators or exhibit clarity and beauty
performers. It usually and to stimulate strong
consists of four important emotions. It uses a word’s
elements: time, where the emotional, musical, and

Page | 8
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
spatial values that go choreography does not
beyond its literal meaning allow this, but in art
to narrate, emphasize, expression, dancers are not
confined to set steps and
argue, or convince.
rules but are free to create
– These words, combined
and invent their own
with movements, tone,
movements as long as they
volume, and intensity of deem them graceful and
the delivery, add to the beautiful.
artistic value of the poem.
➢ LITERARY ART – Artists who
➢ ARCHITECTURE – As practice literary arts use
discussed, art is the pursuit words to express themselves
and creation of beautiful and communicate emotions
things while architecture is to the readers. However,
the art and technique of becoming a writer does not
designing or creating make one a literary artist, just
beautiful buildings and non- because constructing a
building structures. succession of sentences in a
– However, not all buildings meaningful manner. Literary
are beautiful; some of the arts go beyond the usual
buildings only embody the professional, academic,
functionality they need, but journalistic, and other
the structure, forms, lines, technical forms of writing. It
and colors are not focuses on writing using a
beautifully expressed. Thus, unique style, not following
not all buildings can be any format or norm. It may
considered as architecture. also include both fiction and
non-fiction such as novels,
➢ DANCE – Dance is a series poems, and biographies .
of movements that follows Some of the famous literary
the rhythm of the music artists and their works are
accompaniment. Romeo and Juliet by William
– Dancing is a creative form Shakespeare and The Little
that allows people to freely Prince by Antoine de Saint-
express themselves. IT HAS Exupery.
NO RULES. You may say that

Page | 9
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
➢ THEATER - Theater uses live ➢ FASHION – Fashion Art is a
performers to present wearable art, also known as
accounts or imaginary artwear or “art to wear” it
events before a live refers to art pieces in the
audience. Do not be shape of clothing or jewelry
confused with literary arts as pieces. Thus, fashion is
theater art performances definitely an art. You have to
also use scripts. Much like in be creative and artistic to
filmmaking , theater also make clothes that people
considers several elements want to wear. Through
such as acting, gesture, wearing clothes we can
lighting, sound effects, express ourselves just like in
musical score, scenery, and painting or drawing.
props.
– Theater is also a live ➢ FURNITURE – Furniture is
performance. Thus, the equipment that is created
participation of the viewer is with
an important element in the purpose to make a
theater arts. person’s living space more
– Some genres of theater suitable for working or living.
include drama, musical, Furniture can be a product
tragedy, comedy, and of design and can be
improvisation. considered a form of
decorative art. In addition to
➢ APPLIED ARTS - Applied furniture’s functional role, it
arts is incorporating can serve a symbolic or
elements of style and design religious purpose. It can be
to everyday items with the made from a vast multitude
aims of increasing their of materials, including metal,
aesthetic value. Artists in this plastic, and wood.
field bring beauty, charm,
and comfort into many
things that are useful in
everyday life (Collins &
Riley 1931). There are
different kinds of Applied
Arts.

Page | 10
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
FUNCTIONS OF ART
DOES ART ALWAYS HAVE partly determines the
beauty of a design in
TO BE FUNCTIONAL?
these functional art forms.
‣ While it has been shown
‣ Every art form has a
that most arts are
definite function since it
functional, still there are
satisfies a particular need.
some which are not. The
To the layman, art may
value of a work of art
have little function. Some
does not depend on
fine meaning in art in its
function but on the work
ability to served the
itself.
purpose for which it was
‣ The plays of Aeschylus
designed.
and the poetry of Robert
‣ Obviously, architecture
Frost and Edgar Allan Poe
is directly and almost
are still counted as
entirely functional
examples of great works
because buildings and
of art despite their not
other structures are
having a known function.
always built for some
In those whose functions
special purpose.
are ascertained,
‣ Music and dance where
however, it is a different
used in ancients rituals
story.
and worship of the gods,
‣ A functional object
for social and folk
cannot be claimed to be
entertainment, as well in
beautiful unless it can
the military.
perform its function
‣ Painting and sculpture
sufficiently. Consider a
may be used to narrate
house that cannot even
events, to portray people
protect its resident from
or events, to instruct (as in
the nasty weather outside
the case of
or a spoon that spills the
commemorate
food on it. Adequate
individuals or historical
performance of function

Page | 11
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
events, and to serve as painting, theater,
vehicles of personal literature).
expression.
‣ Metal works such as 4 MAIN FUNCTION OF ART
gates, grills, lamps,
➢ AESTHETIC FUNCTION –
Christian religious objects,
Through art, man
armor, weapons, and
becomes conscious of the
tools, ceramic, glassware,
beauty of nature. He
stained glass, mosaic,
benefits from his own work
tilework, textile, and
and from those done by his
furniture, are among the
fellowmen. He learns to
many types of arts or
use, love, and preserved
crafts. Each of these
them for his enjoyment
examples is made for
and appreciation.
some definite and specific
➢ UTILITARIAN FUNCTION –
use.
With the creation of the
various forms of art, man
CLASSIFICATION OF
now lives in comfort and
FUNCTIONAL ART
happiness. Through art,
➢ Directly Functional Art – man is provided with
Art that we use in daily shelter, clothing, food,
basis and serves a literal or light, medicine, beautiful
tangible function in our surroundings, personal
lives. (e.g., clothes, ornamentals, entertainment,
architectural and language, transportation,
engineering, structures, and other necessities and
money, furniture). convenience of life. Art not
➢ Indirectly Functional Art only enriches man’s life but
– Art that are “perceived also improves nature
through the senses”. Not through landscape
used literally to live but gardening, creation of
accompanies life (e.g., super-highways, and
through propagation and

Page | 12
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
conservation-of natural art are varied and highly
resources. subjective.
➢ CULTURAL FUNCTION – • This means that that its
Through the printed functions depend on the
matter, art transmit and person-the artist who
preserves skills and created the art.
knowledge from one • An artist may create an
generation to another. It art out of the need for self-
makes man aware of expression. This is the case
his/her cultural for an artist who needs to
background, making communicate an idea to
him/her more his audience.
knowledgeable and • It can also be mere
his/her life more enduring entertainment for his
and satisfying. intended audience. Often,
➢ SOCIAL FUNCTION - the artist may not even
Through civic and graphic intend to mean anything
arts, man learns to love with his work.
and help each other. • An art may also be
International understanding therapeutic. In some
and cooperation are orphanages and home for
fostered and nations abandoned elders, art is
become more unified, used to help residents
friendly, cooperative, process their emotions or
helpful, and sympathetic. while away their time.
• Recently, the use of
THE SCOPE OF ART adult coloring books to de-
➱ PERSONAL FUNCTION stress has been apparent
too, now with a lot of
➱ SOCIAL FUNCTION
designs being sold in
➱ PHYSICAL FUNCTION
bookstores nationwide.
These all fall under
➢ PERSONAL FUNCTION -
personal functions art.
The personal functions of

Page | 13
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
SOME PERSONAL relate to mood such as
FUNCTION OF ARTS: anxiety and
depression, trauma, low
‣ SELF - EXPRESSION – artist self-esteem, and similar
communicates an idea, disorder.
thought or point to the – helps people with serious
audience or viewer. health condition like
• Psychological cancer and physical
Expression (Vincent Van condition while
Goh’s Starry Night) hospitalization. Also, it
• Love, sex and marriage helps to cope post-
(Shakespeare’s Romeo an traumatic stress disorder.
Juliet) – to better understand
• Spiritual Concern child’s emotional
(Leonardo da Vinci’s Last responses and thoughts.
Supper) – Reading literary
• Aesthetic Expression passages and quotations
• Intellectual Inquiry relieve us from stress,
painful situation, problem
‣ ENTERTAINMENT - art may and etc.
eek to bring about a ∎ Magis Creative Spaces
particular emotion or (since 2013, Gina lfonzo) –
mood, for the purpose of It was established to serve
relaxing and entertaining as a center for leaning and
the viewer. healing though expressive
• Art shows arts.
• Festivals
• Galleries ‣ TO CONTROL AND
• Singing INFLUENCE – arts has he
• Dancing power to control the
• Music Opera viewers thought and
‣ THERAPHY - art therapy action, much like social
helps conditions that art.

Page | 14
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
∎ ProtestArt – kinds of arts KINDS OF BODY ART:
that encourages social • Tattoos and Cosmic
change. Tattooing (permanent
• DUTER-TUKO by Ugat make up)
Lahi • Body Piercing
• THE BLACK PANTHER –a • Beading
piece that advocates the • Scarification
equality for African - • Branding
American People.
∎ PIERCING IN KENYA,
‣ TO EDUCATE AND AFRICA – Piercing for both
INFLUENCE – arts educate men and women in Kenya
our senses and sharpen symbolizes bravery (for the
our perception of colors, warriors); and part if rituals
forms and textures, sounds, (graduation from
rhythm and harmonies. childhood to youth and
– Arts offers us fresh insights from youth to adulthood).
into nature and human
nature. ‣ UTILITARIAN ARTS – Also
– Arts portrays History called Functional art
(Indus Valley Civilizations) – Refers to the art object
– Refine and elevate our that are created with both
aesthetic value aesthetic and utility mind.
– Awareness about the – It encompasses
culture of other people everything that may
– Helps improve our lives encounter in day-by-day
lives.
‣ BODY DECORATIONS – – Utilitarian art is
some people have concerned more with
adorned their bodies with Functionality than its with
art in order to be attractive aesthetic decoration.
to others eventually mate,
this art is called the body
art.

Page | 15
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
HOW DID UTILITARIAN ART is also the direct or indirect
DEVELOP? product of a public
• One of the most process of creation,
important utilities that procurement, and/or
played a vital role in the maintenance.
development of functional
art was the Bauhaus ➢ SOCIAL FUNCTION OF
school in Germany. ART – One cannot
• The Bauhaus school was conceive of a society
founded in 1919 by a without art, for art as
German architect Walter closely related to every
Gropins. aspect of social lite. Art
• This institution focused performs a social function
more on the unification of when
the functions of the art. – it seeks on tends to
influence the collective
EXAMPLE OF UTILITARIAN behavior of a people
ART: – it is created to be seen or
➦ PUBLIC ART – Created used primarily in public
for general public through situations, and
a public process. It is a – it expresses or describes
specific art genre with its social or collective aspects
own professional and of existence as opposed to
critical discourse. Public art individual and personal
is visually and physically kinds of experiences.
accessible to the public; it
is installed in public space A. INFLUENCING SOCIAL
in both outdoor and indoor BEHAVIOR – Many works of
settings. Public art seeks to art influence the way we
embody public or think, feel, or act. They
universal concepts rather cause us to laugh at
than commercial, partisan certain phenomena raise
or personal concepts or our voices in protest over
interest. Notably, public art certain matters, or see a

Page | 16
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
social reality which had suffering on the innocent, if
never been apparent to us only we can.
before. They can bring – A concern for the plight
about in us decisions to of the working class is seen
collectively change, in the works of such
correct, or improve upon Mexican artists as Jose
the human condition. Clemente Orozco and
– The pictorial form is a very Diego Rivera, who sought
powerful means of putting to promote social change
across a message. through their art.
Paintings, photographs, – Satire - which puts up
posters, and cartoons people and institutions to
have been used to express ridicule so that they will
humanitarian concern as change an effectively
well as ideological or communicated in various
political comment. cartoons and caricatures.
– Protests against man’s – The editorial cartoons in
inhumanity to man are many of our newspapers
seen in Goya’s Disasters of and magazines often
War series, Picasso’s convey the message more
Guernica, Luna’s directly and clearly than
Spoliarium, Hidalgo’s the printed word does
Christian Maidens Exposed Cartoonists usually
to the Populace, and in comment on the foibles of
prize-winning photographs society and of its leaders,
about the ravages of war with the hope that
in Southeast Asia, the something is done to
Middle East, and other correct these faults and
parts of the Third World. improve the human
– These do not fail to condition.
arouse indignation in us – Literature has served just
and a desire to stop the as well for political and
indiscriminate imposition of ideological expression.
And it is a powerful tool in

Page | 17
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
shaping society and its the characters and
manners. Fr. Modesto de situations presented.
Castro’s Urbana at Felisa, – In spreading a doctrine
an epistolary novel of the or teaching ideas,
19th century, became the attitudes, and ways of
Filipino code of ethics of behaving paintings, prints,
the time, guiding the youth and sculptures have been
on how to conduct used either in place of or
themselves in church, in as complements to the
social gatherings, in written word Religion has
school, and at home. especially capitalized on
– Propaganda literature- the arts to spread belief
usually very moving and and reinforce and sustain
persuasive has swayed faith.
people’s minds and – For centuries, the stained-
feelings toward certain glass windows, frescoes,
ends. statues, and paintings in
– The picture of oppression Christian churches have
so graphically described served as the “catechism”
by Rizal in his two novels for people who do not
undoubtedly disturbed the know how to read. They
sensibilities and aroused not only interpret
the indignation of the theological or spiritual
leaders of the Philippine matters but also provide
Revolution, motivating models for the faithful.
them to rise up in arms. – These art forms, along
– The stage and the screen with religious music and
are also very effective rites, contrive an
tools for political and atmosphere in church that
ideological expression, the would put the worshiper in
artists capitalizing on their the mood for spiritual
power to make the meditation and
audience empathize with communion with God.

Page | 18
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
– The traditional arts of – We usually associate art
Africa south of the Sahara only with such “noble”
Desert are basically functions as enlightening
religion, exercising a us in our spiritual beliefs
significant function in the and elevating our moral
rituals of each tribe. character, and we tend to
– African art reveals an ignore the more practical
animistic belief: the concerns of art which
Supreme Being is directly touch our
conceived as a creative workaday lives.
energy or force that – Nowhere is the function
animates all forms of life. of art as an influence on
The sculptures, masks, social behavior more
dances, and music all clearly seen than in
serve to reinforce the commercial or advertising
workings of such power. art.
– African art is also bound – Advertising art aims to
up with ancestor worship affect the buying behavior
and belief in the continuity of people The mediums
of life. include posters billboards,
– To the Africans, death is magazine and newspaper
not the end of life but the ads, catalogs, handbills,
transformation of the package de- sign, radio,
being into another kind and television.
which does not really – By making a deep
leave this world. impression on people
– As with our Mountain through striking designs,
Province communities, lively colors, and catchy
their statues serve as tones, they persuade
sanctuaries of the spirits of people to bay a product,
the dead ancestors and a service, or an idea, such
thus they continue to “live” as family planning, for
with the family as example, or participating
household gods. in the Green Revolution.

Page | 19
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
– The artistic activity – The statues of national
involves the production of heroes that grace our
an attractive visual parks and plazas are
composition, as in a poster commemorative works as
or package design; an are the commissioned
arresting melody that paintings of leaders or
drives home the message rulers.
and makes it familiar – Often they serve to
through constant record important historical
repetition, as in jingles; or events, or reveal the ideals
film sequences that would of heroism and leadership
unconsciously remind that the community would
people of the product or want the young to
service. emulate.
– Poster de - signs are so – The arts are also linked to
planned that the clear, rituals.
simple message can be – Rituals have played an
grasped and understood important role in people’s
at a glance Package lives and have influenced
design is a small-size poster the growth of certain arts
that at tracts immediate as well The religious
attention to itself, tells the worship of Dionysus
prospective buyer what is among the ancient Greeks
inside the container, and gave rise to the Greek
conveys a sales message. drama, and Hindu religious
ceremonies have
B. DISPLAY AND produced dance
CELEBRATION – One traditions that have
function of sculpture and remained virtually
painting is the unchanged through the
commemoration of centuries.
important personages in – The daily
society. commemoration in the
Christian Church of Christ’s

Page | 20
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
death at Calvary has been – These activities quite
formalized in the dramatic people in a shared
form that is the Mass. experience, just as the
– Not only have liturgical celebration of important
texts been written for it; phases of life do.
music has also been – Music and dance are the
composed for its arts most often employed
celebration. when a person’s “coming
– A most recent of age” graduation,
composition is Leonard engagement, or marriage
Bern- stein’s “Mass” is celebrated.
– Public celebrations, such – Certain musical
as festivals, involve rituals compositions have now
of some kind, and these, in become identified with
turn, employ the arts. graduation and wedding
– Lanterns are made for rites, although they were
Christmas, decorative not originally composed
bamboo arches are put for such occasions.
up at street intersections
during fiestas for the C. SOCIAL DESCRIPTION –
passage of religious Even without the slightest
processions, and masks intention of artists to
are made for such present historical pictures,
celebrations as the art works are vital historical
Moriones Festival in documents.
Marinduque and the Ati- – They describe aspects of
atihan in Kalibo, Aklan existence at certain
Artistic attention is lavished periods. Because many of
on them. them focus on facets of
– And it does not matter daily life, they tell us what
that these objects last for the societies that
only a few days; they are produced them were like.
really meant to serve only – Tools, weapons, furniture,
the particular occasion. paintings, statues, stories

Page | 21
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
and songs, and buildings middle- class Filipino
reflect the feelings families of the time.
struggles, and – This affluent middle class
achievements of people. had just emerged by then
– They reveal how people as a result of the country’s
thought, felt, and lived in a having attained some
certain historical period. economic prosperity
– The temples, sculptures, following the opening of
epics, plays and even the Manila to international
pottery of ancient Greece trade.
tell us so much about the – “No other kind of human
age when man first activity is so permanent as
regarded himself as “the the plastic arts” Herbert
measure of all things” Read said, “and nothing
– Portraits are especially that survives from the past
informative. is so valuable as a clue to
– For example, the portrait the history of civilization.”
of Romana Carillo done by
Justiniano Asuncion in 1875 ➢ PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS
shows a young woman in a OF ART – Physical Functions
richly embroidered baro of Art Tools and containers
and panuelo and wearing are objects which function
pearl earrings, a pearl to make our lives physically
brooch, a pearl-studded comfortable.
comb, and several rings on – Functional works of art
her right hand which may be classified as either
clutches a prayer book. tools or containers.
– Here we are not shown – A spoon is a tool; so is a
only the costume of ladies car. A building and a com-
belonging to the ilustrado munity are containers, as is
class in the 19th century. a ceramic vase or a chair.
– The painting also attests – The problem of the artist
to the values and tastes in in designing a functional
material acquisition of the object is making the thing

Page | 22
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
exactly right for its scooping out the fruit’s
particular use and at the meat.
same time pleasing to the – The shapes of knives also
eye of the user. tell us about their uses the
curved blade of the scythe
‣ FORM AND FUNCTION – for mowing, the large
The function of an object sharp botcher’s knife for
generally determines the cutting and slicing meat
basic form that it takes. the serrated bread knife,
– A chair is so designed as the small sharp-edged
to allow the seated body steak knife: the carving
to rest comfortably unit. Its knife for meat and poultry,
different parts (back, arms, and the blunt table knife to
legs, and seat) are spread butter with.
harmoniously related to
one another and ‣ ARCHITECTURE – The
integrated into an object design of a building is
that fulfills its particular determined primarily by its
purpose. operational function.
– The shapes and sizes of – What is the building for?
spoons indicate their uses Who are going to use it?
a teaspoon, which is How many are they?
smaller than a tablespoon, – These are some of the
is used to put sugar in the questions usually asked by
tea or coffee and to stir the the architect before he
beverage. begins.
– It is unlike a baby’s spoon – A place for worship
which has a blunted end requires a big hall for the
so as not to hurt the baby’s congregation to gather in,
soft palate as he is fed, nor a school, a place where it
does it look like the can offer a level or type of
grapefruit spoon which education (kindergarten,
has serrated edges for elementary, vocational,

Page | 23
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
etc.) and serve 4 given that are characteristic of
number of students. the architecture.
– These considerations – With the introduction of
determine the height of new construction
the building (number of materials, methods, and
floors), the sizes and pro- Visions for overcoming
shapes of the rooms, the climatic limitations,
location of doors and architects are now freer to
windows the traffic innovate designs.
patterns, and the location – Houses are built for
of facilities. people to live in.
– The design that a – Obviously, then, the
building take is also architect must take the
adapted to the climate of physical, psychological,
the region. and spiritual needs of the
– The pitched roofs of most family into account when
houses in the tropical he designs a house.
countries are suitable to – He must consider the
the alternation of periods occupants needs and
of heavy rainfall and interests and must allot
months of warm sunshine. space for the varied
– Extending far beyond the activities, locating the
supporting walls, these activity areas where they
roofs allow for rain water to show a logical relationship
speedily slide down and with each other and
not accumulate and providing paths for easy
cause the roofing material circulation.
to deteriorate. – A family that loves to
– At the same time, the entertain will need a
wide overhang keeps the particular entertainment
glaring sunlight from area; a family of
getting into the house booklovers and collectors
through the wide windows may need a library.

Page | 24
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
– The rooms must be living in a particular locality
sensibly located in relation because of common
to each other and the interest and needs.
pattern for moving about – Buildings only serve the
must be panned to cut lives of these people.
down on unnecessary – Considering the growth
steps between areas as of population and the
well as to avoid physical and the physical
interference with other and aesthetic adequacy
activities. of most communities, their
– The design of modern improvement and the
industrial buildings shows a design of new
big difference from the communities are of great
factory stereotypes of the importance today.
past. – Smog, overcrowded
– Their interiors have dwellings, insurmountable
become more suited to traffic problems have
human needs. Both made city living a nerve-
physical and wracking experience for
psychological. many of us.
– Murals, mosaics and – And overcrowded and
sculptures now appear in blighted areas (slums)
lobbies and hallways of have spawned a host
office buildings. social problem, ranging
– Potted plants, and even from health problems to
carpets, are used to criminality.
relieve the severity of the – Dwelling in slum seems to
walls. foster and desirable
patterns of behavior.
‣ COMMUNITY – A – Steps to improve our
community is more than living conditions have
just a group of buildings. taken the form of planning
– It is rather a group of new communities in areas
individuals and families which are not thickly

Page | 25
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
populated and replacing Spanish period, the plaza
city slams with good complex was observed.
housing. – The plaza was laid out as
– Community planning the center of the town.
involves the efficient – On its four sides were the
organization of buildings important public buildings,
roads and spaces so that including the cathedral or
they meet the physical church with the convento,
and aesthetic needs of the and the schoolhouse, as
community. well as the municipio.
– A community may grow – The plaza itself served a
in strategic areas such as social function, gathering
natural parts, road, people for fiestas and
terminal industrial other public occasions.
complexes, or mines. – It was a meeting place
– A preponderance of for the government, the
some particular interest church, and the people.
has been notes in certain – Even up to the present,
cities; some of them are the plaza serves as the
seats of government, locale for the political,
university towns, or religious, and social
industrial centers expressions of a
– A community may thus community.
assume a specific – Today, with fast urban
character and its growth development, other focal
and physical points have sprung up in
development must take the form of shopping
this into account. centers and recreation
– The traditional design of center.
communities was ordered
around a focal point. Community planning takes
– Philippine communities two considerations the
designed during the assignment of areas for

Page | 26
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
proper land use. These these functions, also
areas are: provide rules governing
➦ RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS – uniform setbacks and
Special areas are assigned minimum distances
for residential purposes. between uses They
– These are designed with regulate the height of
such personal and social buildings, too, so that these
needs in mind as comfort, do not endanger health
health, and facilities for by obstructing light and
recreation. air. Thus, the designs are
– Roads are laid out for affected by these
maximum accessibility to regulations.
local points such as shops,
schools, churches, and, ➦ INDUSTRIAL AND
recreation places as well COMMERCIAL AREAS –
as for social convenience. These areas are usually
– Houses are designed to located near the source of
harmonize with the raw materials.
environment and – Because they are usually
neighborhood. far from the residential
– But uniformity, as in many areas, the transportation
subdivision projects, tends needs of commuting
to produce monotony and workers should be
disregards the individuality adequately provided for.
of the homeowner. – Factories should also
provide healthy working
ZONING ORDINANCES - conditions Heavy industries
which ensure the proper include large factories
distribution of the various which are usually noisy
sections of the community and which emit industrial
to their respective fumes.
functions for the sake of – Thus, they are located
health, safety, and away from residential
efficiency in carrying out districts. Light industries, like

Page | 27
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
embroidery firms, have recreation and lack of
relatively clean and quiet parking space.
plants, and can be – The traffic problem often
located sear residences caused by the clogging of
without posing any dan streets by parked cars is
ger to homeowners. solved by setting aside
ample parking space or
➦ CIVIC CENTERS – A providing is in multi-level
community governs itself; it parking areas.
therefore provides
structures where the ➦ STREETS AND ROADS –
functions of government Transportation must
can be efficiently carried function with reasonable
out and which would, in ease and rapidity from one
appearance, be symbolic area to another , linking
of community dignity and the various districts of the
pride. community to each other
– In modern cities, these and the community to its
public buildings are environment.
grouped as civic centers in – With the popularity of
the middle of the motor vehicles nowadays,
community. we need well-laid out
streets.
➦ PARKS, PLAZAS AND
MALLS – The need for a FUNCTION AND BEAUTY –
balance between man- Many things remain the same
in shape throughout the years
made structures and
because their functional
natural areas is answered
requirement does not allow
in the design of plazas and for greater variations in their
malls. form.
– These may provide some – Time has proved that their
relief from problems such designs best enable them to
as air and water pollution, accomplished their purpose.
inadequate facilities for

Page | 28
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
PHILOSOPHICAL ARTS
FUNCTIONS AND come with distinctive
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE functions.
ON ART – There is no one-to-one
‣ Aristotle claimed that every correspondence between
particular substance in the an art and its functional
world has an end, or telos in than others.
Greek, which translates into – Architecture, for
“Purpose.” Example, as an art is highly
‣ Every substance, defined as functional just like most
formed matter, moves applied in arts.
according to a fixed path – A building as work of art
towards its aim.
is obviously made for a
‣ This telos, according to
specific purpose.
Aristotle, is intricately linked
– Other examples are
with function. For a thing to
reach its purpose, it also has painting, poems and
to fulfill its function. statues.
‣ Man, in Aristotle’s view of ‣ Furniture is the most
reality, is bound to achieve a common example of
life of fulfillment and functional art. Well-crafted
happiness, or in Greek, furniture
eudaimonia. This means that – tables, chairs, lamps, or
Aristotle, plants can never be lights- have been
happy because they are not
collected for many years
rational, as a well as tables
not just for its form and
and chairs.
design but also
‣ Man’s natural end, telos, is
connected with his function,
functionality.
which is his rationality.
➦ PERSONAL FUNCTION OF
FUNCTION OF ART ART – The personal function
– When it comes to of art is varied and highly
function, different art forms subjective.

Page | 29
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
– This means Functions and when it addresses a
depends on the artist who particular
created the art. collective interest as
– An artist may create an opposed to a personal
art out of self-expression, interest.
entertainment, or – Art may convey message
therapeutic purpose. of protest, contestation, or
– This is the case for an whatever message the
artist who needs to artist intends his work to
communicate an idea to carry.
his audience. – Political art is a very
– It can also be more common example of an
entertainment for his art with a social function.
intendent audience. – Art can also depict social
– Often, the artist may not conditions such as
even intend to mean photography (pictures of
anything with his work. poverty).
EXAMPLE: – Performance art like plays
‣ Psychological expression or satires can also rouse
– Visual images preceded emotions and rally people
written language as a toward a particular end.
means of communication. EXAMPLE:
– However, art goes ‣ Advertisement
beyond communication of In all these cases, viewers
information; it also respond with the
expresses a whole awareness that they are
dimension of human members of a group.
personality - our inner, or – Artists may try to make us
psychological, states of laugh at the same things;
being. to accept certain religious,
economic, or social
➦ SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ideologies; to identify with
ART – Art is considered to a particular class or ethnic
have a social function if

Page | 30
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
interest; or to see our social invocation to gods. Music
situation in new ways. was essential for
synchronicity of dancers.
➦ PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ‣ Music guarantees that
ART – The physical function warriors were
of art can be found in simultaneous. Today music
artworks that are crafted in has expanded its function
order to serve some and coverage.
physical purpose. ‣ There is a lot of music that
– Architecture, jewelry- has no connection to
making, interior design all dance or religion.
serves physical function. ‣ Serenade – People
– The physical function of compose hymns to express
art is often the easiest to feelings and emotions.
understand. ‣ Music is also used as
– Works of art that are accompaniment to stage
created to perform some plays and motion pictures.
service have physical ‣ Sculptures have been
functions. made by man most
EXAMPLE: particularly for religion.
‣ Architecture ‣ In the Roman Catholic
crafts such as welding and world, the employment of
woodworking, interior sculpture for religious
design, and industrial purposes has remained
design are all types of art vital, relevant, and
that serve physical symbolic.
functions. ‣ Rizal and Bonifacio’s
monument and
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART commemorative coins
‣ Music was principally (Pope Francis.)
used for dance and ‣ Architecture may be the
religion. The ancient world most prominent functional
saw music as an instrument art. Unlike other forms of
to facilitate worship and art, buildings take so much

Page | 31
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
time to erect and destroy. banning of artist in the
‣ One cannot dismiss Republic.
taking into consideration ‣ In Plato’s metaphysics or
the function of a building view of reality, the things
before construction. this world are only copies
‣ It is also in architecture of the original, the eternal,
where one can find then and the true entities that
intimate connection of can only be found in the
function and form. forms.
‣ For example, the chair
➢ DOES ART ALWAYS HAVE that one sits in is not a real
TO BE FUNCTIONAL? chair.
– Arts always have a ‣ It is an imperfect copy
purpose, but they can’t be of the perfect “chair” in
assigned because the the World of Forms.
purpose of an art form is ‣ Plato’s was convinced
determined by its context. that artists merely reinforce
– Knowing who the artist the belief in copies and
was and what genre it discourage men to reach
belongs to is, however, the for the real entities in the
easiest way to determine World of Forms.
its function. ‣ Plato was deeply
suspicious of arts and artists
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE for two reasons:
ON ART 1.) They appeal to the
➦ ART AS AN IMITATION emotion rather to the
‣ In Plato’s The Republic, rational faculty of men.
paints a picture of artist as 2.) They imitate rather than
imitators and art as mere lead one to reality.
imitation. ‣ Poetry rouses emotion
‣ In his description advises and feelings and thus,
against the inclusion of art clouds rationality of
as a subject in the people.
curriculum and the

Page | 32
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
‣ Art is just an imitation of ➦ ART AS AN
nature. REPRESENTATION
‣ A painting is just an ‣ Aristotle, agreed with
imitation of nature, which is Plato that art is form of
also just an imitation of imitation.
reality in the World of ‣ However, Aristotle
Forms. considered art as an aid to
‣ Art then is to be philosophy in revealing the
banished, alongside the truth.
practitioners, so that the ‣ The kind of imitation that
attitudes and actions of art does is note antithetical
the members of the to the reaching of
Republic will not be fundamental truths in the
corrupted by the influence world.
of the arts. ‣ Unlike Plato who bought
‣ For Plato, art is that art is an imitation of
dangerous because it another imitation, Aristotle
provides a petty conceived of art as
replacement for the real representing possible
entities than can only be versions of reality.
attained through reason. ‣ For Aristotle, all kinds of
EXAMPLE: art do not aim to represent
– The work of art is a copy reality as it is, it endeavors
of a copy, it is two times to provide a version of
removed from reality, and what might be or the
is therefore a deception. myriad possibilities of
– The artist paints a table reality.
and makes a copy of a ‣ In Aristotelian
material table which is worldview, art serves two
already a copy of the purposes:
immaterial form. 1.) Art allows for the
experience of pleasure
(horrible experience can

Page | 33
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
be made an object of based on some universal
humor) criterion for the said
2.) Art also has an ability to judgment.
be instructive and teach its EXAMPLE:
audience things about life – L’indifferent a painting by
(cognitive) Watteau
EXAMPLE:
– This category of art is the ➦ ART AS A
oldest of the three types COMMUNICATION OF
and is also the easiest to EMOTION
comprehend. ‣ According to Leo Tolstoy,
art plays huge role in
– Examples of
communication to its
representational art
audience’s emotions that the
include Leonardo da artist previously experienced.
Vinci’s Mona Lisa, Rockwell ‣ In the same that language
paintings, and cave communities’ information to
paintings. other people, art
communicates emotions.
➦ ART AS AN ‣ As a purveyor of man’s
DISINTERESTED JUDGEMENT innermost feelings and
thoughts, art is given a unique
‣ Immanuel Kant:
opportunity to serve as a
Aesthetics – Immanuel
mechanism for social unity
Kant, in his Critique of central to man’s existence
Judgment, considered the because it makes accessible
judgment of beauty, the feelings and emotions of
cornerstone of art, as people from the past and
something that can be present.
universal despite its
subjectivity. EXAMPLE:
‣ Kant recognized that – Edvard Munch’s famous
painting, The Scream, gives
judgment of beauty is
some idea of the emotional
subjective.
expressionist technique.
‣ However, even
subjective judgments are

Page | 34
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
➢ INTEGRITY – The ability to ‣ It also communicates the
omit an acceptable level of balance and create
opposing disrupting, and harmony in the artwork.
corrupting values. ‣ Standard proportion in art
‣ An important factor to means that accurate or
consider in the discussion correct proportion are utilized
artistic integrity is the context for the subject matter.
in terms of the community ‣ For example, the relative
and artists respective cultural size of the eyes, compared to
personal understanding of the rest of the face. Where
the term. the eye
‣ The absence of personal is the ‘part’ and the face is
integrity does not equate to the ‘whole’.
the absence or artistic
integrity. ➢ RADIANCE / CLARITY –
‣ Integrity means the quality Signifies the luminosity that
of being honest and having emanates from a beautiful
strong moral principles that object, which initially seizes
you refuse to change. the attention of the beholder.
‣ Integrity means to ‣ It’s should clearly radiate
complete what you say. intelligibility, the logic of its
EXAMPLE: inner being and impress this
– What is artistic integrity: knowledge of itself on the
Always painting with passion. mind of the perceiver.
Never copying but taking ‣ Radiance also has to do
ideas and tweaking them to with light as it creates the
make them our own. possibility of clarity, which is
an essential ingredient to this
➢ PROPORTION / work.
CONSONANCE – It is the ‣ Clarity means it is infusing
relationship of the size of one the picture with a single idea
element when compared to clearly conceived and
another. executed.
‣ Its dimensions should
suitably correspond to other
physical object as well as to
metaphysical idea, an end.

Page | 35
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
REPRESENTATIONAL AND NON – REPRESENTIONAL
BASIC COMPONENTS OF EXAMPLE:
– Leonardo da Vinci,
ARTWORK
“Mona Lisa” (1503) Musée
➢ SUBJECT – the visual
du Louvre Collection.
focus or the image that
may be extracted from
TYPES OF
examining the artwork; the
REPRESENTATIONAL ARTS
“what”
➢ REALISM – describes
➢ CONTENT – the meaning
artworks painted in a
that is communicated by
realistic almost
the artist or the artwork; the
photographic way.
“why”
➢ IMPRESSIONISM – art
➢ FORM – the
dates to the middle of the
development and
19th century and is
configuration of the art
characterized by short,
work how the elements
thin brushstrokes providing
and the medium or
great detail.
material are put together;
➢ IDEALISM – is realism
the “how”
presented as perfection
and beauty. Idealism
SUBJECT TYPE OF ARTS
dates to the 18th century.
➦ REPRESENTATIONAL ART
➢ STYLIZATION – is realism
‣ It is also often termed
with decorative elements.
figurative art because as
the name suggests, the
➦ NON –
figures depicted are easy
REPRESENTATIONAL ART
to make out and decipher.
‣ Non-representational
‣ These types of art have
art is also often termed
subjects that refer to
non-figurative art.
objects or events
‣ Non-representational
occurring in the real world.
art does not make a

Page | 36
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
reference to the real world, there is a difference between
person, place, thing, or even the two.
a particular event. reference ‣ When artists work on
to the real world. abstract art, they distort the
‣ It is stripped down to visual view of something they know
elements such as shapes, – a person, object, or place.
lines, and colors that are ‣ For instance, they can paint
employed to translate a a landscape as an abstract.
particular feeling, emotion, ‣ In fact, the world-famous
and even concept. Pablo Picasso often depicted
EXAMPLE: people and instruments in
– Jackson Pollock, detail of abstract form.
“Number 1A” (1948). Oil and ‣ But when painting
enamel paint on canvas. nonrepresentational art,
Museum of Modern Art artists do not paint something
(MOMA) from the real world or
something that is known to
TYPES OF ABSTRACT ART them.
➢ OBJECTIVE ABSTRACT ART – ‣ It can be splashes of paint or
Objective art is also a type of blocks of colours.
abstract art, where the ‣ Even without looking at the
elements are not influenced combination of lines, shapes,
by the natural appearance and colors of the sculpture
of the objects, but rather they will point to a head of a
are presented in a distorted woman.
or exaggerated way, though ‣ Even with the abstraction of
identifiable by the viewer the image, this work is
➢ NON – OBJECTIVE arguably representational
ABSTRACT ART – This art form is art.
totally aloof from the natural Pablo Picasso “Head
world. It doesn’t have any of a Woman,
influence from the natural Mougins” (1962).
appearance of objects. Metal cut-out, folded
and painted Musée
National Picasso-Paris
‣ Although most of Us assume
that non - representational
art is the same as abstract art,

Page | 37
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
HISTORY OF ERA AND MOVEMENT
CAVE, EGYPT, GREEK ART ‣ Much of the surviving art
➦ CAVE ART - Also known comes from the tombs and
as Paleolithic art is a broad monuments, giving more
term for the earliest known insight into the ancient
art making in human Egyptian afterlife beliefs.
history. ‣ More oriented towards
‣ It was painted on the
religions/spirituals, put
walls or ceiling of caves in more emphasis on the
Europe and in Asia during symmetry of their statues
the Paleolithic period that is used to be
some 325 million to 10,000 enormous.
years ago.
‣ The oldest known cave
THREE PERIOD IN EGYPTIAN
art was actually created CIVILIZATION
by “Neanderthals”, a ➢ OLD KINGDOM (about
species closely related to 2,700-2,200 B.C.E) – Also
us, in around 63,000 BCE. known as the AGE OF THE
PYRAMIDS or AGE OF THE
➦ EGYPTIAN ART – Refers to PYRAMID BUILDERS.
art produced in ancient ➢ MIDDLE KINGDOM
Egypt between the 6 th (about 2,050-1,800 B.C.E) –
millennium BC and 4th Also known as THE PERIOD
century AD spanning from OF REUNIFICATION. The
Prehistoric Egypt until the period in the history of
Christianization of Roman ancient Egypt following a
Egypt. period of political division
‣ Paintings, sculptures, known as the First
drawings on papyrus, Intermediate Period.
jewelry, ivories, ➢ NEW KINGDOM (about
architecture, and other art 1,550-1,100 B.C.E) – Also
media. referred to as THE
EGYPTIAN EMPIRE. It was

Page | 38
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
the golden age of the ➦ MEDIEVAL ART –
civilization of Ancient Medieval art which
Egypt. It was time of includes a wide variety of
wealth, prosperity, and art and architecture refers
power. to a period also known as
the MIDDLE AGES, which
‣ NARMER PALETTE – a roughly spanned from the
symbol that fall of the ROMAN EMPIRE
commemorates the in 476 A.D. to the early
unification of Upper and stages of the renaissance
Lower Egypt. It marked the in the 14th century.
beginning of their ‣ Precious examples can
civilization. be found in churches,
‣ TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN cathedrals, and other
– One of the greatest religious doctrines.
discoveries from the
Egyptian civilization. THREE PERIODS IN
MEDIEVAL ART:
➦ GREEK ART – Stands out ➢ EARLY CHRISTIAN AGE –
among that of other Created between the
ancient cultures for its fourth century and 1050
development of A.D. Artist were
naturalistic but idealized commissioned for works
depictions of human body, featuring biblical tales and
in which largely nude male classical themes for
figures were generally the church, while interiors were
focus of innovation. elaborately decorated
‣ Statues focus more on with Roman mosaic ornate
the expressions of emotion paintings and marble
and movement in their instructions.
sculpture. ➢ ROMANESQUE ART – This
‣ Greek statues had sizes art appeared during the
closer to the human reality. Middle age. It is the first

Page | 39
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
style that can be found all ‣ Art was more widely
over the Europe, even produced and more easily
when regional differences. available.
‣ It symbolized the growing
wealth of European cities TYPES OF ROMAN ART
and the power of Church ➢ ARCHITECTURE – during
Monasteries. the age of the republic
‣ Romanesque is inspired (knowledge of which
by Roman architecture. derives largely from the 1st
‣ It is known by its massive century.
quality, its thick walls, • Arch of Titus (the oldest
round arches, sturdy piers, surviving roman triumph
groin vaults, large towers arch)
and decorative arcading. ➢ SCUPLTURE – Roman
➢ GOTHIC ART – It is style of Sculpture blended the
paintings, sculpture, and idealized perfection of
architecture that began in classical Greek Sculpture
Paris the middle of the 12th with greater aspiration
century and showed up from Realism.
throughout Europe all the ➢ PAINTING – The greatest
way into the 1500’s. innovation of Roman
‣ The architectural style’s Painters was development
definitive feature is the of Landscape painting a
pointed arch, while the genre in which the Greeks
definitive feature of gothic showed little interest.
painting and is naturalism. ➢ MOSAICS – The Romans
perfected mosaics as an
➦ ROMAN ART – Roman art art form. The Romans took
may be defined as the art form to the next
Sculpture, paintings, and level by using Tesserae
mosaics which depicts not (cubes of stone, ceramic
only mythological and or glass) to form intricate,
religious themes but also colorful designs.
everyday life and people.

Page | 40
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER

THE FAMOUS ARTISTS IN ➦ LANDSCAPE PAINTING

ROMAN PERIOD (Shanshui Hua) – Means
the painting of mountains
➢ Caravaggio – the Italian
and rivers. It was regarded
painter active in Rome for
as the highest form of
most of his artistic life.
Chinese painting and
➢ Gian Lorenzo Bernini –
generally still is.
was the Italian artist
arguably the greatest
THE TECHNIQUES IN
sculptor of the 17 th
century. CHINESE PAINTINGS
➢ Michelangelo di ➢ Gongbi or Meticulous
Ludovico Buonarroti Simoni painting – Uses highly
– was and Italian sculptor, detailed brushstrokes that
painter, architect and the delimit details very
poet of the High precisely.
Renaissance. ‣ It is often highly colored
and usually depicts figural
CHINESE PAINTING or narrative subjects.
‣ It is one of the oldest ‣ It Is often practiced by
continuous artistic artist working for the royal
traditions in the world. court or in independent
Painting in the traditional workshops.
style is known today in ➢ Freestyle or Literati
Chinese as GOU HUA painting – In Chinese ‘Xie
meaning “traditional Yi’ literally meaning to
Chinese painting”, as write an idea.
opposed to Western styles ‣ This Chinese painting
of art which became technique is the artist
popular in China in the scholar more interested in
20th century. personal expression than
‣ It is also called Dan Qing. accuracy, detail or merely
and beautifully painted
surface.

Page | 41
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
‣ In 5th Century they only emperors, this dynasty
used blank ink marked a milestone leap
‣ In 8th Century they add after the late Neolithic art.
more saturation. ‣ The period continues to
be known for its
CHINESE DYNASTIES AND production of bronze and
THEIR INFLUENCES IN ART gold objects, pottery, jade
➢ Neolithic period (10,000- carvings, sculpture and
2,000 BCE) – In the lacquerware.
Neolithic period which ➢ Shang Dynasty (circa
preceded all of the 1600-1050 BCE) and Zhou
dynasties, the functional Dynasty (circa 1046-256
art of pottery-making was BCE) – During China’s
dominant. Bronze Age, there were a
➢ Archaic period (3000- number of areas where
2100 BCE) – Notable bronze was produced,
objects from the archaic “but the area along the
period include ritual Yellow River in present-day
bronzes and jades. Henan Province emerged
‣ In ancient times, the as the center of the most
Chinese valued jade advanced and literate
above other precious cultures of the time,”
materials, even gold according to the
➢ Xia Dynasty (circa 2100- Metropolitan Museum of
1600 BCE) – Following the Art.
ancient era comprising the ‣ Early bronzes were likely
Neolithic and Archaic made using a piece-mold
periods, there was the Xia technique, instead of lost-
Dynasty, which is widely wax technique, and while
recognized as China’s first this was a laborious
imperial dynasty. process, it allowed the
‣ Lasting nearly five artist working the bronze to
centuries and ruled by 17 create sharp detail in the
most intricate designs.

Page | 42
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
‣ A trademark Shang motif ➢ Qing Dynasty (1644-
is an animal-like mask with 1912 CE) – Qing is another
bulging eyes, often in huge field, with items from
deep relief, which was the 18th century being the
most commonly seen on most valuable —
Shang bronze vessels. especially if they are
Shang and Zhou items are marked and of the period.
very expensive and highly ‣ This era saw decorative
collectible, particularly the arts like porcelains,
jades and bronzes, Chait Buddhist bronzes, jades,
said paintings and scholars’
➢ Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE) objects flourish in vast
and Tang Dynasty (618-906 quantities.
CE) - Following the Six ➢ Song dynasty (960–
Dynasties were the Sui and 1279) – Was a late
Tang Dynasties, both medieval dynasty that is
distinguished for their today known for its
sculptural pottery. beautiful artwork, such
‣ “These dynasties were as painting, calligraphy,
most famous for their pottery, and jade work.
animals and figures, both ‣ It is particularly renowned
in unglazed and painted for its ink paintings of
forms”. landscapes.
➢ Ming Dynasty (1368-
1644 CE) – Now comes the SOME FAMOUS ARTIST IN
Ming Dynasty, arguably CHINESE PAINTING
the most important period ➢ Fan Zhongzheng, known
in Chinese art history. by his alias Fan Kuan, was
‣ This era is distinguished for one of the most famous
its porcelains, temple Chinese landscape artists
sculptures, jades, scroll from the Song Dynasty
paintings and more. (960–1279).

Page | 43
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
‣ Kuan’s Travelers among about 10,000 BCE to the
Mountains and Streams, present.
Northern Song Dynasty is ‣ The subject matter that is
his most famous Chinese widely regarded as most
painting on silk. characteristic of Japanese
‣ It is largely considered a painting, and later
pioneering artwork of the printmaking, is the
Northern Song School. depiction of scenes from
‣ Kuan’s painting was everyday life and narrative
unlike previous depictions scenes that are often
of Chinese landscape art, crowded with figures and
in his interpretation detail.
nature’s grandeur was the
primary theme, as ➦ UKIYO-E – The word
opposed to merely serving Ukiyo means ’floating
as a backdrop. world’ and E means
‘pictures’, overall Ukiyo-e
➢ Zhang Zeduan, courtesy means “pictures of floating
name Zheng Dao, was a world”.
Chinese painter of the ‣ It is a genre of Japanese
Song dynasty. art which flourished from
‣ He lived during the the 17th through 19th
transitional period from the centuries.
Northern Song to the ‣ Its artist produced
Southern Song, and was woodblock prints and
instrumental in the early paintings of such subjects
history of the Chinese as female beauties and
landscape art style known sumo wrestlers
as shan shui.
2 PERIODS IN UKIYO-E
JAPANESE PAINTING ➢ EDO PERIOD – Provided
‣ It is the painting arts a calm environment and
produced in Japan from

Page | 44
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
development of the art in much celebrated
a commercial form. series Thirty-Six Views of
‣ Medium here are just Mount Fuji (Fugaku
mostly woodblock. sanjurokkei), a tour-de-
➢ MEIJI PERIOD – Led to force that established the
more innovation as Japan popularity of landscape
opened up to West. prints, which continues to
‣ Rapid expansion of this day.
artistic forms, medium,
subjects and styles. ➢ Utagawa Hiroshige –
Was a Japanese ukiyo-e
FAMOUS WORKS AND artist, considered the last
ARTIST IN UKIYO-E great master of that
PAINTING tradition.
➢ Katsushika Hokusai – ‣ Hiroshige is best known
Known simply as Hokusai, for his horizontal-format
was a Japanese ukiyo-e landscape series The Fifty-
artist of the Edo period, three Stations of the
active as a painter and Tōkaidō and for his
printmaker. vertical-format landscape
‣ He is best known for the series One Hundred
woodblock print series Famous Views of Edo.
Thirty-Six Views of Mount
Fuji, which includes the RENAISSANCE (1400-1600)
iconic print The Great ‣ The name ‘renaissance’
Wave off Kanagawa. is a French word translating
NOTABLE ARTWORKS: to ‘rebirth’.
‣ Katsushika Hokusai’s ‣ It symbolized the
woodblock print The Great beginning of new era of
Wave is one of the most art, rebirthing the classical
famous and recognizable models of ancient Greek
works of art in the world. and Rome periods while
This work is from Hokusai’s using the modern
techniques.

Page | 45
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
➦ HUMANISM – Humanism ‣ He is known as the
was an intellectual ultimate "Renaissance
movement man" because of his
typified by a revived intellect, interest, talent
interest in the classical and his expression of
world and studies which humanist and classical
focused not on religion but values.
on what it is to be human. ➢ Raffaello da Urbino
‣ Its origins went back to (Raphael) (1483-1520) –
14th-century Italy and such Raphael was an Italian
authors as Petrarch (1304- painter and architect of
1374) who searched out the High Renaissance
'lost' ancient manuscripts. period.
‣ Together with
PREVALENT ARTISTS Michelangelo and
➢ Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci, he
Buonarroti (1475-1564) – formed the traditional
An Italian sculptor, painter, trinity of great masters of
architect, and poet. that period.
‣ He was considered the ‣ His main contributions to
greatest living artist in his art were his unique
lifetime, and ever. draftsmanship and
‣ Since then he was compositional skills.
considered as one of the ➢ Donato di Bardi
greatest artists of all time. (Donatello) (1386-1466) –
➢ Leonardo Da Vinci Donatello was one of the
(1452-1519) – He was a Italian great artists of the
painter, architect, scientist, period.
and mathematician. ‣ He was an early
‣ He was popularized in Renaissance Italian
present times through the sculptor from Florence
novel and movie, "Da Vinci
Code.“

Page | 46
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER

BAROQUE PERIOD ➢ Peter Paul Rubens (1577-

(1600 -1750) 1640) – Rubens was a
‣ The term Baroque was Flemish Baroque painter.
derived from the ‣ He was well known for his
Portuguese word paintings of mythical and
"barocco" which means figurative subjects,
"irregularly shaped pearl or landscapes, portraits, and
stone”. Counter - Reformation
altar.
PREVALENT ARTISTS ‣ His commissioned works
were mostly religious
➢ Michelangelo Merisi da
subjects, history paintings
Caravaggio (1571-1610) –
of magical creatures, and
He was better known as
hunt scenes.
Caravaggio.
➢ Rembrandt
‣ He was an Italian artist
who wanted to deviate Harmenszoon van Rijn
from the classical masters (1606-1669) – Rembrandt
of the Renaissance. was a brilliant Dutch realist,
‣ Caravaggio's models at painter and etcher.
this period were either ‣ He is generally
himself or young persons considered as one of the
who have an air of being greatest painters and
promising but wicked. printmakers in European
art.
➢ Gian Lorenzo Bernini
‣ No artist has painted
(1598-1680) – Bernini was
himself as often as did
an Italian artist and the first
Rembrandt.
Baroque artist.
‣ How well-known work
‣ He practiced
was his "Self portrait in Old
architecture, and
Age".
sculpture, painting, stage
‣ Rembrandt had
design, and was also a
produced over 600
playwright.
paintings, nearly 400

Page | 47
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
etchings, and 2000 ➢ NEOCLASSICAL
drawings. PAINTING – Embraced the
➢ Diego Velasquez (1599- ideals of order and
1660) – Velasquez of Spain moderation.
developed out of the ‣ It is characterized with
Baroque. the use of straight liner,
‣ He was one of the finest smooth paint surface,
masters of composition depiction of light, minimal
and one of the most me of colors and clean,
important painters of the crisp forms.
Spanish Golden Age. ‣ Jacques-Louis David –
‣ He worked out solutions Was the famous painter in
to pictorial problems of the neoclassical period.
design that transcend the
style of any period. ➢ NEOCLASSICAL
SCULPTURE – One of the
ART MOVEMENTS great ages of public
➦ NEO-CLASSICISM – It sculpture.
developed in Europe in the ‣ It is defined by it:
18th century. Symmetry, life-sized to
‣ It sought to evoke the monumental scale, and
style of classical antiquity serious subject
in vomiting, painting, matter.
sculpting and architecture ‣ The sculpture of Psyche
found in Greek and Awakened by Cupid's Kiss
Roman Culture. (1782) by Antonio Canova.
‣ It is characterized by
clarity of form, sober ➢ NEOCLASSICAL
colors, shallow space, ARCHITECTURE – Started in
strong horizontal and the mid-18th Century.
verticals that render that ‣ It is derived from the
subject matter timeless. architecture of classical
Greece and the

Page | 48
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
architectural designs of ➦ REALISM – The Realist
Italian architect Andrea movement began in the
Palladio. mid-19th century as a
‣ There are three types of reaction to Romanticism
neoclassical structure. and History painting.
1. Temples Style ‣ In favor of depictions of
2. Palladian style "real" life, the Realist
3. Classical Block painters wind common
laborers, and ordinary
➦ ROMANTICISM – First people in ordinary
defined as an aesthetic in surroundings.
literary criticism around ‣ Engaged in real activities
1800, gained momentum as subjects for their works.
as an artistic movement in ‣ Realism, in the arts, the
France and Britain in the accurate, and detailed.
early decades of the ‣ Realism rejects
nineteenth century and imaginative idealization in
flourished until mid- favor of a close.
century.
‣ Focused on emotions, ➦ IMPRESSIONISM – It
feelings, and moods of all emphasized color and
kinds including spirituality, depicted realistic scenes
imagination, mystery & of ordinary subject.
fervor. ‣ Captured the heat of the
‣ The subject matter varied subject.
widely including ‣ Impressionist paintings
landscapes religion, were done outdoor.
revolution, and peaceful ‣ Used small and thin
beauty. brushstrokes that are
‣ The brushwork for visible.
romantic art became ‣ It captured the heart and
looser & less precise. character of the subject.

Page | 49
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B
ART APPRECIATION GE8
SECOND SEMESTER
MOST FAMOUS Paul Signac made his own
IMPRESSIONIST ARTIST distinction with his term
1.) Claude Monet Divisionism.
2.) Pierre Auguste Renoir ‣ Somewhere along the way,
3.) Alfred Sisley we have Pointillism and even
post-Impressionism.
➦ POST IMPRESSIONISM – A
style of painting that was ➢ POINTILLISM – Neo-
derived from Impressionism. Impressionists invented a new
‣ It extended the use of vivid painting technique known as
colors, thick application of pointillism (from the French
paint, distinctive brush word “point,” or “dot”) based
strokes, and real-life subject on the color theory of French
matter, and were more chemist Michel Eugène
inclined to emphasize Chevreul.
geometric forms. ‣ The pioneer of the method
‣ Focus on the subject itself. was Georges Seurat, who
‣ Paved the way for modern initiated it in the mid-1880s in
art. France and initially named it
‣ Post-impressionist paintings “chromo-luminarisme.”
were done in studio. ➢ DIVISIONISM – Charles
Blanc’s color wheel was
FAMOUS ARTIST influential in the
1.) Paul Cezanne ( father of conceptualization of
post impressionism) Divisionism theory.
2.) Vincent Van Gogh ‣ Blanc drew from theories by
3.) Paul Gauguin chemist Michel Eugène
4.) George Seurat Chevreul and colorist
Romantic painter Eugene
➦ NEO-IMPRESSIONISM – Delacroix to hypothesize the
Neo-Impressionism is defined notion of mélange optique or
as a style of painting that optical mixing.
emerged in France during ‣ According to Paul Signac,
the 1880s, and goes by many Divisionism would produce
names. ‣ Georges Seurat more vibrant colors than the
called it traditional pigment mixing
Chromoluminarialism, while process.

Page | 50
PREPARED BY: KRISTEL CASSANDRA SAN DIEGO
SCI1B