Correlation between Time Management and Mental health among

Working College Students in Fast-Food Industry

Presented to the Faculty of the

Department of Psychology

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of the Bachelor of Psychology

Submitted by:

Ella Anthonette Cancela

Genevive Goncero

Lalaine Mae Hiceta

Richard Legaspi

Rei Angelette Mesina

Rhine Realista
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Background of the Study

Theoretical Framework

Statement of the Problem

Hypothesis

Scope and Limitation

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

Chapter 3
Research Design

Research Locale

Participants of the Study

Instrument

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Ethical Consideration

References
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Curriculum Vitae
 Chapter 1

Background of the Study

The academic experience may be challenging for many college students. Time management is a
common coping mechanism recommended by university counseling programs. The students
who felt in control of their time had higher performance evaluations, higher work and life
satisfaction, less role ambiguity, less role overload, and fever job related and somatic stress.
The practice of managing and planning how to split your time between various activities is
known as time management. When you get it right, you find yourself working smarter rather
than harder to get more than in less time, even when time is short and pressure are high. Time
management is a crucial concern for student concern for student in higher education; it affects
how they view and issue time in order to arrange their academic responsibilities appropriately,
students sometime complain about severe academic demands that need more time during the
term than they have.

In recent years, symptoms of melancholy anxiety, eating disorder and other mental illness has
become more prevalent among college students. Simultaneously, the need for counseling
services has been steadily increasing. Some have interpreted this pattern as a mental health
crisis that requires immediate examination and the development a new-remedies to meet the
requirements of pupils. Despite social work students well knows mental health issue, such as
high levels of mental health problems and shame, as well as low level of self-compassion,
effective interventions have yet to be assessed.

Fast food is one of the most rapidly expanding food categories on the planet. It now account for
nearly half of all restaurants revenues in industrialized countries, and it is expected to continue
to grow in those and other industrial countries in the future years. College students nowadays
are more proactive in developing their jobs and generating money to sustain themselves. A
growing number of students are turning to side hustles to supplement their income. Many
people consider the fast-food sector to be a low-wage industry. Despite popular assumption,
students who work in these jobs frequently develop essential skills that will benefit them in the
future. This research describes how students devise strategies to maximize their time spent
working and learning. The study also intends to analyze and identify the experiences of
students while working. They're starting with how bad their position is and how they deal with
and cope with it.
 Theoretical Framework

The Pickle Jar Theory by Jeremy Wright is a simple time management strategy that truly works.
The Pickle Jar Theory is based on the premise that time is limited, just like a pickle jar. Our lives
are like a jar, and the volume or space within is limited. Everyone fills their days with important,
less important, and insignificant tasks. The Pickle Jar Theory is a visual metaphorical expression
that helps to discern what is significant and what is not. It assists you in setting daily priorities
and planning tasks so that you have time to spare rather than too few hours in the day. This
theory is well-known in the field of time management. The Theory revolves on a giant glass
pickle jar packed with fist-sized boulders, pebbles, and a lot of sand.

The Pickle Jar Theory makes use of rocks, pebbles, and sand. The pickle jar symbolizes our daily
lives, what keeps us engaged, and how we split our time and activities throughout the day. The
Pickle Jar Theory aids in visualizing your priorities as well as the number and size of chores that
may realistically be completed in a given day. There are no large organizers or charts to lug
around. It's just a basic strategy for getting work done faster and with less stress.

The sand represents all of the incoming calls, emails, social media messages, and other
interruptions.

The pebbles are a metaphor for the jobs we face on a daily basis and that fill our calendars.

The rocks are symbolic of the major challenges we face in our daily lives. Failure to complete
the latter tasks will have dire implications.

This is how it works; How does it function?

Consider a giant empty pickle jar while you prepare your day.

1) Fill the jar halfway with three or four huge rocks.

2) Toss in a small quantity of stones, jiggling them around a little to make them fit.

3) Add a handful of sand after that.

4) Fill the jar with water to fill the remaining space.

In your jar, there's a lot of stuff. It's not just the objects, though; it's also the arrangement and
volume of each one. Only a few of the large rocks would fit if the water and sand were added
first, then the pebbles. If you tried to just put 10 large rocks in the jar, it would break. This is
true when it comes to planning your day. Identify three or four high-priority tasks that must be
completed (the rocks), as well as a number of lesser, lower-priority tasks (the pebbles) such as
emails, follow-ups, and other mundane duties (the sand). Remember to leave room in your jar
for family and personal time (the water).

The "Pickle Jar Theory" teaches you to take charge of your day by learning to make and keep
commitments to yourself. There will always be people (and it seems to be the same people)
who will need to place a couple of new rocks in your jar in our busy life. Throughout the day,
"dropping everything" to deal with unanticipated duties can swiftly decimate your overall
productivity.
 Statement of the Problem

1. What is the respondents' demographic profile in terms of

1.1 Gender

1.2 Age

1.3 Year Level

1.4 Working in the Fast-Food Industry

2. What is the level of time management of the respondents?

3. What is the level of mental health experience of the respondents?

4. Is there a significant relationship between time management and mental health of the
respondents when they are grouped according to their demographic profile?

5. What recommendation can this research give to a college student who works in the fast-food
industry?

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no relationship between time management and the mental health of working
college students in the fast-food industry.

Ha: There is a significant relationship between time management and the mental health of
working college students in the fast-food industry.
 Scope and Limitation

This study aimed to determine the opinions of the College students working in a fast-food
industry relating to time management and present correlation of their time management skills
with demographic variables, as well as examining the relation between their level of research
anxiety and time management skills.

The study group composed 20 college students from the Mary the Queen College of Quezon
City. Pearson coefficient of correlation, t-test, and weighted mean and standard deviation
values were used. Results showed a meaningful relation in negative correlation between time
management skills and research anxiety level, and there was a meaningful relation between
time attitudes, the second factor on the time management scale and research and research
anxiety in the negative direction. We conclude that as students time management skills
improve, their research anxiety level decrease.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant and would be beneficial to the following: working students. This study
will motivate them to manage their responsibilities towards school and work so that their
academic performance will not be affected by their work or vice-versa. Results of this research
show that components of time management have a positive relationship with mental health in
which regularity and organizing, mechanics of time management have the most effect,
respectively, and control on time has the least relationship.
 Definition of Terms

Time management – Is the ability to be productive and efficient with your time.

Mental health – Is a state of well-being in which a person recognizes his/her own abilities, can
cope with typical life challenges, work efficiently, and contribute to his/her community.

Working college student – A student who is allowed to work while studying and utilize the
money gained to help pay for their education.

Fast-food industry – Restaurants that cater to travelers who wish to buy food that is served
promptly are included.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Time Management

According to Rai. A (2016) Time management is a collection of ideas, philosophies, rules,

practices, abilities, instruments, and schemes that work together to help people get the most
out of their time. Because time cannot be stored and its availability cannot be increased or
decreased from twenty-four hours, time management structures the distribution and delivery
of time- based priorities among competing demands. The individual's initial self-recognition,
knowledge of his or her characteristics, examining the problem of time use and collecting
relevant information, evaluating elective arrangements, selecting and updating one of these
choices are all part of the time management process. When a person is committed to
overcoming procrastination, he can manage time well Quek 2001. Students must learn to
manage time effectively to improve their grades. Time management is a set of concepts, beliefs,
rules, practices, abilities, instruments, and plans that work together to help people make the
most of their time. Time management structures the distribution and delivery of time-based
priorities among competing demands because time cannot be saved and its availability cannot
be increased or lowered from twenty-four hours. The time management process includes the
individual's first self-recognition, awareness of his or her characteristics, studying the problem
of time use and gathering relevant information, evaluating elective arrangements, selecting and
updating one of these choices. It can effectively manage time when a person is devoted to
overcoming procrastination. To enhance their marks, students must learn to successfully
manage their time. As a result, every student should be able to effectively arrange work, define
goals, and prioritize things that demand urgent attention over those that do not. Time
management could help students make better selections. Time management practices are one
of the best indicators of outstanding academic accomplishment. Academic achievement
improves when time management skills are used. For students who wish to enhance their
marks, attending classes on time and completing project and assignment deadlines are key
duties. While employees and students in businesses, institutions, and other facilities regard
time differently, they should observe and adhere to standard time.
Mental Health

We all know that excessive stress is bad for our mental health. In light of the rising prevalence
of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues on college campuses around the country,
here are some questions you should ask yourself to help you maintain your mental health while
working and attending school. Half of all full-time college students work outside of the
classroom. When it comes to part-time students, this number rises to 80%. According to one
survey, 70% of college students are anxious about money.[1] With work, school, activities, and
friends all vying for their attention, many students struggle to balance and prioritize their life.
(A. McDaniel 2015)

According to C. Mayhew & M. Quinlan (2012) Precarious employment or contingent work

arrangements are linked to a higher incidence of injury, disease, and psychological distress, as
well as a lack of awareness and compliance with occupational health and safety (OHS)
requirements, according to a growing corpus of worldwide research. Despite this, published
research on the occupational health and safety issues faced by young workers in the hospitality
and other service industries mainly ignores the reality that many are employed on a temporary
basis. Precarious employment and contingent labor are phrases that are used interchangeably
to describe a variety of work arrangements that have grown in importance in most developed
countries. Both words relate to workers who are recruited on a temporary or intermittent basis
and do not have or expect job security. While the inclusion of some categories (most notably
part-time workers) is debatable, casual/temporary workers, self-employed subcontractors,
teleworkers, home-based workers, sole traders, micro small business owner/managers, and
some franchise workers are usually acknowledged as insecure. To put this study in context, it's
important to understand the management and production processes that characterize the fast-
food business – or at least significant operators – as well as attempts to explain why insecure
employment is usually linked to negative OHS outcomes.
College students frequently experience mental health issues. This could be related to the fact
that for many traditional and non-traditional undergraduate students, college is a difficult
period. Traditional college students enroll after graduating from high school, are often younger,
rely on their parents for financial support, and do not work full-time or part-time. As a result, in
addition to academic stress, these students may be faced with the job of assuming increasingly
adult-like duties without having mastered the skills and cognitive maturity of adulthood.
Because of the particular characteristics of college students, it is necessary to list essential
problems to consider when dealing with them. Some pupils must deal with the difficult
challenges of separation and relocation. (Pedrelli, et al. 2015)

When a student struggles to balance education and job, it can have a significant impact on their
mental health. Many people experience depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, and other
problems. According to the Clay Center, 73% of students suffer from mental illness. According
to 2017 research, over three-quarters of all college students experience a mental health crisis
while in school. This could be as a result of stress, overworking, or concerns about grades and
income. The list goes on, and this does not include individuals who had mental health issues
previous to enrolling in college. One of the most common concerns among students is their
grades. This can generate anxiety, which can lead to anxiety disorders in students as a result of
the stress of worrying about their results. It is far more difficult for a student who is
simultaneously working full time to maintain good grades because they are focused on their
work. I've noticed a tiny dip in my grades since starting full-time job. It's crucial to care about
your academic position in college since businesses look at how well prospective employees
perform in college. It will be more difficult to get the job you want if their grades do not reflect
this. (I. Santoro, 2021)

According to a study, working students have difficulty balancing sleep, study, and work. That
they sacrifice sleep in order to learn more or complete more work. Participants with low sleep
scores had lower GPAs. Getting a full 7-9 hours of sleep will benefit you in a variety of ways. It is
crucial for a student because it will help them improve their academic performance. It is critical
for a student to get enough sleep-in order to concentrate on their academics. strengthen your
immune system, and increase your overall health. (Y. C. Chiang, et. al, 2020)