Pollution and its types

Pollution:
Pollution is the presence of any substance in air, water, soil, or food which
threatens the health of human, animal and plant life.

Air Pollution:

Both natural and human activities pollute the air, air is polluted through the
smokes of engines of vesicles and also the industries and factories create air
pollution through smokes by burning the raw material which bolster the rate of
carbon and this is often seen as one of the main problems of pollution as it
contributes to the pollution in the following two (soil and water) as well.

Impacts:
From contaminating our environment to damaging our health, poor air
quality is a major global challenge. Dry and irritated eyes, headache, fatigue,
allergies or shortness of breath. In infants, look out for signs of exertion while
breathing. People with asthma might experience more severe asthmatic
attacks, shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing or wheezing. Adults exposed
to air pollution as children tend to have respiratory problems later in life. More
ever it also invites the lungs cancer.
Remedies to reduce air pollution
 Vehicle exhaust is a major source of air pollution, drive your car less and
Keep your car in good repair. Fix exhaust and oxygen sensor problems.
Check your tire pressure monthly, Turn off your engine. Buses and big
trucks produce particularly unhealthy exhaust.
 Don't burn your garbage. Burning your household garbage is dangerous
to your health and our environment.
 Plant and care for trees. Trees filter pollutants and absorb carbon
dioxide. Trees also release oxygen into the atmosphere and help cool
our homes.
 Use less energy, turn off electrical stuff you are not using. It all adds up.
Land Pollution:

Land Pollution refers to the spoliation of the earth’s land surfaces.

Furthermore, it occurs mainly due to the indirect and direct effects of human
activities. Similarly, when we misuse the land resources, land pollution happens.
There are various causes which contribute to this pollution.

Garbage

Factories

Mining

Garbage

This is one of the most common causes of land pollution. You will find garbage
in every household. Therefore, all this garbage gets dumped onto land. Tons
of garbage is produced by common households annually. When such massive
amount gets generated

Factories

Factories contribute largely to land pollution. They produce toxic waste

products and chemical which cause damaging to land. Furthermore, these
factories dump off their waste in lands and water bodies. This increases land
pollution.

Mining

It is yet another activity that contributes to land pollution. In order to

obtain coal and minerals, we dig holes into the land.

Impacts:

 Contamination of drinking water

 Polluted soil, which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture and a
reduction in the availability of food
 Climate change, which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems,
including flash floods and irregular rainfalls
 An increase in wildfires due to polluted areas often becoming very dry
 Increased human health issues, including cancer, respiratory illnesses, and
congenital disabilities, caused by exposure to harmful chemicals.

Remedies:

 Solid Waste Treatments

When solid waste is not properly treated it can increase the level of toxic
chemicals and hazardous substances in soil. Chemical treatment methods
under a controlled environment can help reduce land pollution. This solid
waste treatment method includes neutralization. This treatment alters the
pH level of waste before it gets dumped into landfills.

 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle

At the individual level, there are many things we can do to reduce our
contribution to land pollution. One of the simplest ways to do this is to
reuse or recycle items so that you aren’t creating waste out of a material or
item that still has a purpose. With the growing awareness around what can
be recycled and an increase in recycling bins in many cities, it has never
been easier to recycle.

 Composting
Another way to reduce land pollution is through composting. According to
the United States Environmental Protection Agency, food scraps and yard
waste together currently make up more than 30% of what we throw away
and could be composted instead. Reducing and reusing waste products
ensures that the environment won’t go to waste.

Soil pollution

Soil pollution refers to anything that causes contamination of soil and

degrades the soil quality. Pollution in the soil is harmful for plant and animal
life. Pesticides are nicotine chemical present in the tobacco plants was used as
the pest controlling substance in agricultural practices. These are insoluble in
water and hence decomposed in the surface of earth gradually which cause
soil pollution the waste liquids of industries are also responsible for the soil
pollution. Poor irrigation is also one of the main reasons of soil pollution.

Impacts:
 Effect on Human Health in terms poisoned water and food.

 Effect on Growth of Plants.

 Decreases Soil Fertility.

 Toxic dust production, effects human health.

 Changes Soil Structure, causes soil fertility.

 Poisoning of the Underground Water level.

Remedies:

 Use of correct farming techniques

 Use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
 Community education and awareness, Get the Locals Involved
 Proper maintenance of sewage system, protection of crops and fresh water
from polluted water.
 Planting new trees and plants is afforestation. We live because plants live. If
the plants die, all living things will also die. Thus, whenever trees are cut
down new trees should be planted. Planting trees in hilly areas are most
effective for conservation.
 Proper system of irrigation for planting.

Water Pollution:

Water pollution is the contamination of water sources by

substances which make the water unusable for drinking, cooking,
 cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Pollutants include chemicals,
trash, bacteria, and contaminated water. All forms water pollution.
Sewage and wastewater
Used water is wastewater. It comes from our sinks, showers, and toilets
(think sewage) and from commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities
(think metals, solvents, and toxic sludge). The term also includes storm
water runoff, which occurs when rainfall carries road salts, oil, grease,
chemicals, and debris from impermeable surfaces into our waterways.
Oil pollution
Consumers account for the vast majority of oil pollution in our seas,
including oil and gasoline that drips from millions of cars and trucks every
day.

Impacts:
 On human health:
Water pollution kills. Contaminated water can also make you ill. Every year,
unsafe water sickens about 1 billion people. And low-income communities
are disproportionately at risk because their homes are often closest to the
most polluting industries.
 On the environment
In order to thrive, healthy ecosystems rely on a complex web of animals,
plants, bacteria, and fungi—all of which interact, directly or indirectly, with
each other. Harm to any of these organisms can create a chain effect,
imperiling entire aquatic environments.
Noise pollution
Unwanted or excessive sound that can have deleterious effects on human
health, wildlife, and environmental quality. Noise pollution is commonly
generated inside many industrial facilities and some other workplaces, but
it also comes from highway, railway, and airplane traffic and from outdoor
construction activities.
Impacts
 It can cause physical damage to the eardrum and the sensitive hair cells of
the inner ear and result in temporary or permanent hearing loss, known as
noise-induced hearing loss. In addition to causing hearing loss, excessive
noise exposure can raise blood pressure and pulse rates, cause
irritability, anxiety, and mental fatigue, and interfere with sleep, recreation,
and personal communication. Children living in areas with high levels of
noise pollution may suffer from stress and other problems, such as
impairments in memory and attention span. Noise pollution control is
therefore important in the workplace and in the community.
Noise pollution also impacts wildlife. A wide range of animals,
including insects, frogs, birds, and bats, rely on sound for a variety of
reasons. Noise pollution can interfere with an animal’s ability to attract a
mate, communicate, navigate, find food, or avoid predators. The problem
of noise pollution is especially serious for marine animals, particularly those
that rely on echolocation, such as certain whales and dolphins, and much of
the world’s oceans are polluted with chaotic sounds from ships, seismic
tests, and oil drills. Some of the loudest and most detrimental sounds in the
sea are from naval sonar devices, whose noise can travel hundreds of miles
through the water and is associated with mass stranding’s of whales and
dolphins.
Remedies:
We can Reduce Noise pollution by turning off appliances when not in use,
use of earplugs, lowering the volume, planting more trees, regular
maintenance of vehicles and machines etc. By controlling noise we can
control the negative health effects that noise pollution has on everyone.