IS 800-2007

2.1.1 A 300 ISF 8 mm of grade E 250 is used as a Example 10.2 Determine the effective net area for
tension member in a lattice girder. It is connected the section shown in Fig. Ex. 10.2. The angles are
to a 12 mm thick gusset plate by 18 mm diameter connected as shown in the figure. The steel is of
bolts of grade 4.6. Calculate the effective net area grade E 250. The bolt holes have been punched.
of the member, if
(a) chain bolting is done as shown in Fig. Ex. 10.1 Solution
(a) For E 250 grade of steel: fy = 250 MPa
(b) zig-zag bolting is done as shown in Fig. Ex. 10.1 Diameter of bolt, d = 16 mm Diameter of
(b) bolt hole, dh = 16 + 2 + 2 = 20 mm

2.1.2 For E 250 grade of steel; fu = 410 MPa, fy = Since the bolt holes are punched, the bolt hole
250 MPa diameter has been increased more by 2 mm than
Diameter of bolt, d= 18 mm Diameter of hole, dh = the hole diameter given in Table 7.3.
20 mm
(a) Net area of connected leg = ( 100 - 20 - 10/2 )
(a) In chain bolting , the critical section will be 1-1. *10 = 750 mm²
Net area, An = (B - n*dh)t = (300 - 4x20) × 8 =
1760 mm² Net area of outstanding leg = (75- 10/2)*10 =
Hence effective net area = 1760 mm². 700 mm²

(b) In zig-zag bolting , the section may fail along Total net area = 750 + 700 = 1450 mm²
(1) - (2) - (3)-(4), (1) (2) (5) (6) (7),
(1)-(2)-(5)-(3)-(4), or (1) - (2) - (5) - (8) - (9) - (10). Since only one leg of the angle is connected, the
The effective net area at all the possible sections is net area will be reduced depending upon the
calculated and the one that comes out to be number of bolts used for making the connection
minimum is considered to be critical. Effective net [Section 10.4, Eq. (5)]. Further, since three bolts
area along section: have been used for making the end connection, a
reduction factor of 0.7 will be used.
(1)(2)(3)(4); n=2 Hence, effective net area, A = 0.7 x 1450 = 1015 mm²
Net area, An = (B - n*dh)t = (300 - 2x20)
x 8 = 2080 mm²
(b) Net area of connected leg = (100 - 10/2)x 10 =
(1) (2) (5) (6) (7); n = 3, n' = 1, p = 65 mm, g= 75 950 mm²
mm,
Net area, An= (B - ndh + n' * p^2/ 4g)t = Net area of outstanding leg = (75 - 10/2)x 10 =
= (300 - 3 * 20 + (1 * 65 ^ 2)/(4 * 75)) * 8 = 700 mm²
2032.66mm ^ 2 .
Total net area = 950 + 700 = 1650 mm²
(1)-(2)-(5)-(3) - (4); n = 3, n' = 2, p = 65 mm, g = 75
mm Since only one leg of the angle is connected, the
Net area, An= (B - ndh + n' * p^2/ 4g)t net area will be reduced (Section 10.4). For welded
= (300 - 3 * 20 + (2 * 65 ^ 2)/(4 * 75)) * 8 = connection, the reduction factor is 0.8. Hence,
2145.33mm ^ 2 . effective net area, A = 0.8 x 1650 = 1320 mm²

(1)-(2)-(5)- (8) - (9) - (10); n = 4, n' = 3, p = 65 mm, g Example 10.6 Compute the tensile strength of an
= 75 mm angle section ISA 150×115×8mm of E 250 grade of
Net area, An= (B - ndh + n' * p^2/ 4g)t steel connected with the gusset plate as shown in
= (300 - 4 * 20 + (3 * 65 ^ 2)/(4 * 75)) * 8 Fig. Ex. 10.6 for the following cases: (a) gross
= 2098mm ^ 2 section yielding
(b) net section rupture
4 The minimum net area is at section (1) (2) (5) (6)
(7) and is equal to 2032.66 mm². Hence, the For E 250 grade of steel: fu = 410 MPa, fy = 250
effective net area is 2032.66 mm². MPa
Partial safety factors: Ymo = 1.1, Ym1 = 1.25
For ISA 150 x 115 x 8 mm: Gross area, A, = 2058
mm² (From IS Handbook No.1)

144
 IS 800-2007

2.1.3 A tension member ISLB 250 @ 273.7 N/m is Tdn= 0.9 x 2780 x 410/1.25 x 10^-3 = 820.656 kN
provided for the bottom of a bolted roof truss. It
is connected with two gusset plates 175 mm wide The design tensile strength of the cover plates will
and 10 mm thick with two lines of 16 mm diame- be smaller of Tdg and Tdn and is 795.45 kN.
ter bolts in each flange. The end connections are
as shown in Fig. Ex. 10.9. Determine, Example 10.10 Determine the tensile capacity of
(a) The design tensile strength of ISLB section the sections shown in Fig. Ex. 10.4, if
used. (a) angles are placed on the opposite sides of
(b) The design tensile force which the plates can gusset plate (tack bolted)
transfer. (b) angles are placed on the same side of gusset
Use E 250 grade of steel. plate (tack bolted)
(c) angles are not tack bolted
2.1.4

For E 250 grade of steel: fu = 410 MPa, fy = 250 For E 250 grade of steel: f = 410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa MPa
For ISLB 250 @ 273.7 N/m, Ag= 3553 mm², tf = 8.2
mm (From IS Handbook No. 1). (a) The two angles placed on opposite sides of the
For 16 mm diameter bolt: diameter of hole, dh = 18 gusset plate: Gross area, A, = 2274 mm² (see Ex.
mm (From Table 7.3) 10.4)

(a) Design tensile strength of ISLB section: Design strength due to gross section yielding,
Design strength due to gross section T dg = Ag * fy / Ym0 = (2274 * 250)/1.1 * 10 ^ - 3 =
yielding, 516.82 kN
Tdg =Ag* fy / Ym0 = 3553 * 250/1.1 * 10 ^ -
3 = 807.5kN Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdn = (0.9 * Anc * fu / Yml ) + (β Ago fy
/ Y m0)
Design strength due to net section
rupture, The section is double angle section ISA 90 x 60 x 8
Tdn = 0.9A An * fu/Ym1 mm with long legs connected.
An = 3553 - (2 x 2) x 18 x 8.2 = 2962.6 mm²
There are six bolts 16 mm diameter at a pitch of
Tdn = 0.9 x 2962.6 x 410/1.25 x 10-3 = 874.55 kN 40 mm . Therefore, the distance between end
bolts, L = 5 × 40 = 200 mm
The design tensile strength of ISLB 250 @ b = w + w1 - t = 60 + 60 - 8 = 112 mm
237.7 N/m will be smaller of Tdg and Tdn and is
807.50 kN. B=1.4 - 0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc) <= (fu/fy) x (Ymo /
Ym1)

= 1.4 - 0.076 * 60/8 * 250/410 * 112/200 >= 0.7

(b) Design tensile strength of plates: = 1.205 > 0.7
There are two plates, one on each flange.
Design strength due to gross section yielding, Also , 0.9 * f_{u}/f_{y} * Ym0 / Ym1 = 0.9 *
410/250 * 1.1/1.25 = 1.299
Tdg = Ag * fy/Ymo = 2 x 175 x 10 x 250/1.1 x Hence β = 1.205
10^-3 = 795.45 kN
Net area of connected legs, Anc = 2[(90 - 18 - 8/2)
* 8] = 1088 mm²
Design strength due to net section rupture,
There are two cover plates, one on each flange. Gross area of outstanding legs, Ago = 2 x [(60 -
8/2) * 8] = 896 m m ^ 2
Tdn = 0.9 An fu/Ym1
An = 2(B-ndh) t = 2 x (175 - 2 x 18) x 10 = 2780 Tdn =[ (0.9 x 1088 x 410)/1.25 + (1.205 x 896 x
mm² 250)/1.1 ] * 10^-3 = 566.56 kN

Block shear strength,

145
 IS 800-2007

Avg = (5 x 40 + 30) × 8 = 1840 mm2 gusset plate: Gross area, A, = 2274 mm² (see Ex.
10.4)
Aνη = [5x40+30 - (6- 1/2)x18]*8 = 1048 mm²
Design strength due to gross section yielding,
A tg = 30 x 8 = 240 mm² T dg = Ag * fy / Ym0 = (2274 * 250)/1.1 * 10 ^ - 3 =
516.82 kN
Am = (30- ½ X 18) x 8 = 168 mm²
Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdbl = Avg fy / √3 Ymo + 0.9 Atn fu / Yml Tdn = (0.9 * Anc * fu / Yml ) + (β Ago fy
/ Y m0)
=[ (1840 x 250 / √3 x 1.1) + (0.9 x 168 x 410/1.25) ]X
10-3 = 291.03 kN The section is double angle section ISA 90 x 60 x 8
mm with long legs connected.
T db2 = (0.9Avn* fu / √3Ym1) + (Atg fy / Ymo)
= [(0.9 * 1048 * 410)/(sqrt(3) * 1.25) + (240 * 250)/1.1] There are six bolts 16 mm diameter at a pitch of
x 10-3 = 233.15 kN 40 mm . Therefore, the distance between end
bolts, L = 5 × 40 = 200 mm
The minimum of Tdbi and Tdb2 will be the block b = w + w1 - t = 60 + 60 - 8 = 112 mm
shear strength of one angle section. Since the
member is of double angle section, the block shear B=1.4 - 0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc) <= (fu/fy) x (Ymo /
strength of the member will be, Ym1)

Tdb = 2 × 233.15 = 466.30 kN = 1.4 - 0.076 * 60/8 * 250/410 * 112/200 >= 0.7
= 1.205 > 0.7
The design capacity Td of the member will be
least of Tdg, Tdn and Tdb Hence, the design Also , 0.9 * f_{u}/f_{y} * Ym0 / Ym1 = 0.9 *
capacity of the member, Td = 466.30 kN. 410/250 * 1.1/1.25 = 1.299
Hence β = 1.205

(b) The code of practice, IS 800:2007 makes no Net area of connected legs, Anc = 2[(90 - 18 - 8/2)
difference in the calculations for effective net * 8] = 1088 mm²
area of angles placed on opposite sides or on the
same side of gusset plate. Therefore, the design Gross area of outstanding legs, Ago = 2 x [(60 -
tensile capacity of the double angle section on the 8/2) * 8] = 896 m m ^ 2
same side of gusset plate will also be same as
above in (a). Hence, Td = 466.30 kN. Tdn =[ (0.9 x 1088 x 410)/1.25 + (1.205 x 896 x
250)/1.1 ] * 10^-3 = 566.56 kN
(c) As per specifications of IS 800:2007, the
effective net area of the sections are independent Block shear strength,
of whether the sections are tacked or not. Hence,
in both the above cases (a) and (b), the design Avg = (5 x 40 + 30) × 8 = 1840 mm2
tensile capacity will be same (466.30 kN) irrespec-
tive of whether the sections are tack bolted or not. Aνη = [5x40+30 - (6- 1/2)x18]*8 = 1048 mm²
Example 10.10 Determine the tensile capacity of
the sections shown in Fig. Ex. 10.4, if A tg = 30 x 8 = 240 mm²
(a) angles are placed on the opposite sides of
gusset plate (tack bolted) Am = (30- ½ X 18) x 8 = 168 mm²
(b) angles are placed on the same side of gusset
plate (tack bolted) Tdbl = Avg fy / √3 Ymo + 0.9 Atn fu / Yml
(c) angles are not tack bolted
=[ (1840 x 250 / √3 x 1.1) + (0.9 x 168 x 410/1.25) ]X
10-3 = 291.03 kN
For E 250 grade of steel: f = 410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa T db2 = (0.9Avn* fu / √3Ym1) + (Atg fy / Ymo)
= [(0.9 * 1048 * 410)/(sqrt(3) * 1.25) + (240 * 250)/1.1]
(a) The two angles placed on opposite sides of the x 10-3 = 233.15 kN

146
 IS 800-2007

The minimum of Tdbi and Tdb2 will be the block Assuming the section to be weakened by one bolt
shear strength of one angle section. Since the hole (since the number and arrangement of bolts
member is of double angle section, the block shear is not still known).
strength of the member will be, A_{n} = (b - d_{h}) * t = (160 - 22) * 10 = 1380
mm^2
Tdb = 2 × 233.15 = 466.30 kN Tdn = 0.9 x 1380 × 410/1.25 x 10-3 = 407.37
kN
The design capacity Td of the member will be
least of Tdg, Tdn and Tdb Hence, the design Hence, the design tensile strength of the member
capacity of the member, Td = 466.30 kN. is 363.63 kN. The splice connection for tension
members are designed for 0.3 x 363.63 = 109 kN or
the factored tensile load (the design action) of 300
(b) The code of practice, IS 800:2007 makes no kN whichever is more. Since the two sections are
difference in the calculations for effective net of different thicknesses, packing will be required.
area of angles placed on opposite sides or on the
same side of gusset plate. Therefore, the design Thickness of packing, tpkg = 14-10 = 4 mm
tensile capacity of the double angle section on the < 6 mm
same side of gusset plate will also be same as Further since thickness of packing plate is less
above in (a). Hence, Td = 466.30 kN. than 6 mm, reduction in shear strength of bolts
will not be required.
(c) As per specifications of IS 800:2007, the
effective net area of the sections are independent The bolts will be in double shear and bearing. For
of whether the sections are tacked or not. Hence, 20 mm diameter bolt: Ab = 245 mm² nb Strength
in both the above cases (a) and (b), the design of bolt in double shear,
tensile capacity will be same (466.30 kN) irrespec- Vdsb = 2 x Anb*fub/√3 Ymb = 2 x 245 x
tive of whether the sections are tack bolted or not. 400/√3 x 1.25 × 10-3
=90.52kN
Strength of bolt in bearing,
2.1.5 Design a splice for joining tension member Vdpb = 2.5 kb dt * fu / Ymb = 2.5 x 1 x 20
sections 160 x 10 mm and 250 x 14 mm. The x 10 x 410 1.25 × 10-3
member is subjected to a factored tensile load of =164 kN
300 kN. Assume E 250 grade of steel. Provide 20 (Assuming k1 = 1 and aggregate thickness of splice
mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6 for plates to be more than the minimum thickness of
sections (10 mm and 14 mm to be spliced) Hence,
2.1.6 strength of the bolt = 90.52 kN

For E 250 grade of steel: Hence, strength of the bolt = 90.52 kN

For bolts of grade 4.6: fu = 410 MPa, fy = 250 MPa Number of bolts required, n = design force /
fub = 400 MPa strength of bolt
Diameter of bolt-hole, = 300 /90.52 = 3.31 = 5
dh = 22 mm
(From Table 7.3) Provide 5, 20 mm bolts and arrange them as
shown in Fig. Ex. 10.13. Size of splice plate
Splice plate will be provided one on each side of Width of the splice plate = width of main plate =
the tension member section. A suitable arrange- 160 mm
ment of bolts designed is made which will decide The critical section for main plate will be 1-1 and
the length of the splice plate. The width of splice that for splice plate will be
plate will equal the width of the main plate, and 2-2.
then thickness can be calculated. For the thickness of splice plate, equate the design
action at Section 2-2 to the design tensile strength.
Design tensile strength of the member Let thickness of splice plate be tsp.

Design strength due to gross section yielding, 300 = 0.9 A * fu /Yml = 0.9 × (160 - 2 x 22) x 2tsp *
Tdg = Ag*fy/Ym0 = (160 x 10) × 250/1.1 x 10-3 410 /1.25 × 10-3
363.63 kN tsp = 4.38 mm = 6 mm
(The strength of smaller section 160 mm x 10 mm
will govern).
Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdn = 0.9 An *fu /Ym1

147
 IS 800-2007

The aggregate thickness of the splice plates should Let us try additional flange cover plate 200 mm x
not be less than the maximum thick main connect- 6 mm providing a gross area equal to 1200 mm².
ed plate. Hence, provide 8 mm thick splice plates. Net area provided by plate (200 – 18) x 6 = 1092
Let us provide bolts at a pitch of 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm. mm² > 1056.83 mm² which is all right.
Edge distance for 20 mm bolt = 33 mm 35 mm
Length of splice plate = 4 x (50 + 35) = 340 mm Iy = 2[310.8 * 10 ^ 4 + 4564 * (100 - 23.6) ^ 2] + 6 *
Hence, provide two splice plates 340 x 160 x 8 mm, (200 ^ 3)/12 = 6349.57 * 10 ^ 4 * mm ^ 4
one on each side of the main plates as shown in
Fig. Ex. 10.13. Y bar = (2 * 4564(300/2 + 6) + 200 * 6 * 6/2)/(2 *
4564 + 200 * 6) = 138.22mm .
Example 10.14 Design a 10 m long tension member
subjected to a factored tensile load of 2000 kN Iz = 2 * 6362.6 * 10 ^ 4 + (200 * 6^3)/12 + (200 * 6)
(due to gravity loads). The section should consist * (138.22 - 6/2) ^ 2 + 2 * 4564 * (156 - 138.22) ^ 2
of 2 channels facing each other. The rolled chan-
nels ISMC 300 @ 358 N/m only are available. = 15208.25 × 104 mm² 4
Assuming each channel to be weakened by one
bolt hole only to achieve maximum net area, check Ag = 2 x 4564 + 200 x 6 = 10328 mm²
the adequacy of the section. Design also plates on Since Iy < Iz , hence ry is critical
flanges if required. Use E 250 grade of steel. The ry = √((6349.57 * 10 ^ 4)/10328) = 78.4mm
bolts to be used are of grade 4.6 and of 16 mm
diameter. Slenderness ratio = 10x10^3/ 78.4 = 127.55 < 180

Solution For E 250 grade of steel: fu = 410 MPa, fy Net area provided= 2x4564 + 200x6 - 2x18x13.6 -
= 250 MPa 1×18×6 - 1/2*[2(300 - 2 * 13.6) * 7.6]
Diameter of bolt-hole, dh = 18 mm (From Table 7.3) = 7657.12 > 7621.95 mm²
From IS Handbook No.1, the relevant properties of
ISMC 300 @ 358 N/m are, Ag = 4564 mm², Iz = Provide 2, channels face to face at spacing of 200
6362 .6 × 10^4 mm², Iy = 310.8 x 10^4 mm², tf = 13.6 mm
mm, tw = 7.6 mm, hz = 118.1 mm, Cyy = 23.6 mm, g Design of tie plate The plates will be provided at
= 50 mm, bf = 90 mm the ends of the member.

T = 2000 kN = 2000 x 103 N Effective depth of tie plate = 200 - 2 x 23.6 = 152.8
L = 10 m = 10 x 10³ mm mm
Overall depth = 152.8 + 2 x 35 = 222.8 mm = 230
For trial section; Gross area required, mm (Assuming edge distance 35 mm )

Ag = T Ymo / fy = 2000 × 10^3 × 1.1 / Length of tie plate = spacing of channels = 200 mm
250 = 8800 mm² Thickness of tie plate = 1/50 x (200 - 2 x 50) = 2
mm !< 6 mm.
Net area required,
A n = TYml / 0.8 fu = 2000 × 10^3 × 1.25 Hence, provide tie plates of size 230 mm x 200
/ 0.8 x 410 = 7621.95 mm² mm x 6 mm, at the two ends of the member.

Net area provided = gross area - area of bolt-hole - 2.1.7 A diagonal member of a roof truss carries a
½ web area maximum pull of 300 kN. Design the section and
its connection with a 16 mm thick gusset plate.
The length of the connection is limited to 340 mm.
= 2 x 4564 - 2 x 18 x 13.6 - ½ x [2 x (300-2 × 13.6) Design the lug angles also if required. The steel is
× 7.6] of grade E 250 and bolts of grade 4.6 are to be
= 6565.12 mm² < 7621.95 mm² used.

which is unsafe. 2.1.8

Hence, additional cover plates will be provided to For E 250 grade of steel: fu =410 MPa, fy = 250
satisfy the requirement of balance area. MPa
Net area to be furnished by plate = 7621.95 - Factored design tensile force, T = 1.5 x 300 = 450
6565.12 = 1056.83 mm² kN

148
 IS 800-2007

Required net area, An = T*Yml /0.8 fu = 450 x Design load for lug angle, T1 = 1.2 x 146.5 = 175.8 kN
1000 x 1.25 / 0.8 x 410 = 1714.93 mm²
Required net area of lug angle,
Gross area required, Ag = 1.25 x 1714.93 = 2143.6 An2 = T1 Yml / 0.8fu = 175.8 x 1000 x 1.25 / 0.8 x
mm² 410 = 669.96 mm²
Let us try ISA 150 x 75 x 8 mm section for lug
Let us try ISA 150 x 75 x 10 mm angle section. angle with 150 mm leg connected to the gusset
(From IS Handbook No.1) plate.
Ag = 2156 mm², r = 15.9 mm Section 1-2-3: An1 = (217 - 22) × 8 = 1560 mm²
Section 1-2-4-5: An2 = (217 - 2*22 + 1*25*25/(4 *
Let us provide 20 mm diameter bolts. 97)) * 8 .= 1396.88 mm²
Net tensile stress area of bolt: Anb = 245 mm² Net area provided,A = 1396.88 mm² > 669.96 mm² ,
Diameter of hole, dh = d + 2 = 22 mm which is all right.
Connection of diagonal member with gusset plate :
Strength of bolt in single shear, Number of bolts required to connect lug angle to
V dsb = Anb* fub / √3 Ymb = (245 x gusset plate. n1 =175.8 / 45.26 = 3.88 = 4
400 / √3 x 1.25) x 10^-3 = 45.26 kN
Number of bolts required to connect outstanding
Number of bolts required n1 = 450 / 45.26 = 9.94 = leg of the main angle and the lug angle:
10 n2 = (1.4 * 146.5)/45.26 =4.53 = 5

Let us provide 10, 20 mm diameter bolts at a pitch Provide 5 bolts of 20 mm diameter to connect
of 50 mm and edge distance of 40 mm. outstanding legs of the two angles .
Length of gusset plate required for making
connection = 9 x 50 + 2 x 40
= 530 mm > 340 mm
Hence, lug angle will be required.
Provide 6 bolts for connecting main angle leg with
gusset plate and 4 bolts for connecting lug angle
leg with gusset plate.

The bolts have been staggered on the two legs of

the angle.
Length of gusset plate required. = 5 x 50 + 2 x 40 =
330 mm < 340 mm
which is all right

Net area along section 1-2-3, An1 = (215 - 22) × 10 =

1930 mm²
Net area along section 1-4-2-3, An2 = ( 215 - 2 x 22
+ 1x252 / 4x95) X 10
= 1726.44 mm² > 1714.93 mm²
which is all right

The rupture strength of the section.

T dn = 0.9*An*fu / Yml = 0.9 x 1726.44 x 410/1.25 ×
10^-3
= 509.64 kN > 450 kN
Since both the legs of the angles are connected no
reduction of net area is required due to shear lag
effect.
Design of Lug Angle

Gross area of connected leg of main angle = (150 -

10/2)*10 = 1450 mm²
Gross area of outstanding leg of main angle = (75 -
10/2) x 10 = 700 mm²
Load shared by outstanding leg of main angle =
700 / (1450+700) x 450 = 146.5 kN

149