Carthage University

Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and

Technology of Mateur

UAV in Cellular Networks

Prepared by: Hedhli Ghada & Bejaoui Ahmed

Universal Year: 2023-2024

 Outline

Advantages Integration of Challenges

Definition History of
disadvantages UAV in in UAV
Introduction and Types appearance Conclusion
and use case Cellular Integration
of UAV of 5G
of UAV Networks Over 5G

2
Introduction
▪ In recent times, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles( UAVs), known as drones, have surfaced as platforms for
many operations, ranging from upstanding photography to package delivery.

▪ One particularly promising sphere for UAV deployment is in the realm of cellular networks.

▪ The integration of UAVs with being cellular structure presents instigative openings to extend content,
enhance connectivity, and address communication challenges in colorful scripts.

▪ Cellular networks, are assigned with furnishing ubiquitous connectivity to an ever- expanding array of
bias and operations.

▪ Still, achieving flawless content across all geographical areas, especially in remote or disaster- stricken
regions, remains a significant challenge.

▪ Traditional ground- grounded structure is frequently constrained by factors similar as terrain, cost, and
deployment logistics, leading to gaps in content and sour service quality. 3
Definition
▪ A drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aircraft system.

▪ It is essentially a flying robot this is controlled remotely or can fly autonomously with software-

controlled flight plans embedded in its system that work in conjunction with sensors and a global
positioning system (GPS).

▪ Drones are of different types and sizes and are used for a variety of purposes.

4
Drone Components

5
Drone Components
Components Caracteristics
Drone Frame or Holds all drone parts together, enabling excellent aerodynamic performance.
Chassis Defines the size of the drone and supports assembly.
Drone Arms Support the motors and are attached to the frame or base structure.
Long arms provide stability, while short arms enhance manoeuvrability.
Motors Generate the propulsive force for the drone to soar.
They are located at the ends of each of the arms of the frame.

Drone Propellers Motors are connected to rotating propellers for lift.

Each motor has one or two propellers, making up the powertrain.

Battery Power is obtained from a battery located in the frame.

Li-po batteries are the most common, offering high performance and autonomy
in flight.
Flight Controller Acts as the "brain" of the drone, receiving and recording information from the
Board controller, geolocation system, sensors, and other interconnected elements.

6
Drone Components
Components Caracteristics
Speed Sensor Determines drone's speed by interpreting air pressure.

Height and Altitude Sensors Use pressure variation to determine drone's altitude and position relative to
ground and sea level.

Position Sensors Allow real-time drone position tracking via GPS or other global positioning
systems.
Camera Essential for aerial photography or filming, often installed on the drone's
base.
Gimbal Stabilizes the camera during flight, preventing motor vibrations from
affecting image quality.

Variable Speed Drives Enhances flight experience by allowing easy speed and direction
adjustment.
Drone Control Station Comprises radio transmitter and receiver, data management components,
and remote control.
7
Types

▪ There are diverse types of drones cater to various needs and applications, offering a

spectrum of capabilities for different tasks :

1.Multi-Rotor Drones

2.Fixed-Wing Drones

3.Single-Rotor Drones

4.Fixed-Wing Hybrid VTOL

8
1. Multi-Rotor Drones

▪ Multirotor UAVs are drones with fixed-pitch rotors, generating lift through fixed-speed rotation.

▪ They are simple, stable, and suitable for industry work and leisure use due to their smaller

appearance and simple design, so it is suitable for industry working and leisure use.

▪ They are called multi-rotor because they have more than one motor, more commonly tricopters

(3 rotors), quadcopters (4 rotors), hexacopters (6 rotors) and octocopters (8 rotors), among

others.

9
 2. Fixed-Wing Drones

▪ Fixed-wing drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that feature a

rigid wing structure that remains fixed in position during flight.

▪ These drones achieve lift and forward propulsion through the

aerodynamic properties of their wings, similar to conventional airplanes.

▪ They are capable of flying longer distances and staying aloft for extended

periods compared to rotary-wing drones due to their more efficient

aerodynamic design.

▪ Fixed-wing drones are commonly used in applications such as aerial

mapping, surveillance, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. 10

3. Single-Rotor Drones

▪ A drone that has just one rotor, which is like one big spinning wing, plus a tail rotor to

control direction and stability.

▪ Single rotor drone being used for agriculture in Australia.

11
4.Fixed-Wing Hybrid VTOL
▪ Types merge the benefits of fixed-wing and rotor-based designs.

▪ This drone type has rotors attached to the fixed wings, allowing it to hover and take off

and land vertically.

▪ This new category of hybrids are only a few on the market, but as technology

advances, this option can be much more popular in the coming years.

▪ One example of fixed-wing hybrid VTOL is Amazon’s Prime Air delivery drone.

12
Advantages and Disadvantages of Drones

Drones Advantages Drones disadvantages

▪ Drones can help for delivery purposes ▪ Drones can be expensive

▪ Can take danger out of certain tasks ▪ Drones have a quite limited range

▪ May be used to solve conflicts ▪ Can often not carry heavy weight

▪ Drones can be useful for agriculture ▪ Drones can be dangerous near airports

▪ Drones can be fun ▪ Insurance problems related to drones

▪ Drones can help to take amazing pictures ▪ Technology is not mature yet

▪ Can help to create 3-D maps ▪ Drones may not be entirely safe

▪ Many different fields of application of drones ▪ Privacy concerns related to drone use

▪ Drones can be used 24/7 ▪ Potentially dangerous in the wrong hands

▪ Many jobs rely on the drone industry ▪ People often overestimate their abilities

13
Use cases of uav (1)
Medical supply delivery: Drones transport medications, blood or biological samples, and samples between medical
facilities.

Agriculture surveillance: Drones aid in mapping, surveying, crop dusting, and spraying, maximizing resource use and
production.

Traffic surveillance and real-time notifications: Drones capture the larger picture of traffic congestion, providing an
overview of accident sites.

Search and rescue: Drones efficiently find missing persons in disaster areas.

Property surveillance: Drones provide a fast overview of remote buildings and infrastructures.

Goods transport: Drones efficiently deliver packets to remote locations and last-mile urban delivery, reducing
environmental impact.
14
 Evolution of GSM Networks (2)
1G: FDMA, frequency division multiple access, with each call having its own
frequency band.

2G: TDMA, time division multiple access, digital technology with data rates of
16Kbps.

3G: Circuit-switched voice and packet-switched data at 150Kb/s, the first era
with reasonable mobile internet.

4G: True all-IP networking with a performance at megabits per second,

enabling video watching on phones.

5G: Transition to 5G with beamforming antennas, with a focus on cloud-based

economy.

6G: Expected in 2030, with high bandwidth with both terrestrial and non-
terrestrial integration.

15
 Integration of UAV in Cellular Networks (3)
1/UAV-Assisted Cellular Communication

✓ UAVs serve as flying base stations, relays, or localization anchors, improving user experience and
enhancing spectral efficiency and coverage.

✓ This approach is beneficial for disaster management, search and rescue, and emergency response.

✓ The optimal 3D placement and coordination of flying base stations can improve coverage and data
rate in hotspot areas.

2/Cellular-Assisted UAV Communication

✓ This is also known as Cellular-connected UAVs, where flying UAVs coexist with terrestrial UEs
accessing the cellular network infrastructure.

✓ This approach provides reliable wireless connectivity with ground cellular stations.
16
3/UAV–UAV Communication
✓UAVs communicate directly with each other, sharing the cellular spectrum with ground users.
✓This facilitates autonomous flight behaviors, cooperation in UAV fleets, and collision avoidance

17
5G Connected UAV (4)
▪ Replaces drone's self-built communication link with 5G cellular network.
▪ Enables remote control and operation data transmission.
▪ Offers large bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, and AI integration.
▪ Provides end-to-end solutions in emergency communications, remote sensing mapping, power line
inspection, urban security, and environmental monitoring.

18
Terms to coonect an UAV to a cellulaire
network 5G
▪ New 5G drones require a 5G-compatible modem for faster, low-latency on-
board computing.

▪ A 5G modem compatible with your wireless carrier and a SIM card are
required for data connection.

▪ Old drones need a 5G add-on board hosting a backwards compatible 5G

modem.

!!!!! Retrofitting an old drone with a 5G modem may not fully utilize the benefits
of 5G network due to limitations of the old, not 5G-compatible SoC.
19
 Integrated Air-ground Networking (5)
▪ Combines 5G mobile network with cellular and ground service private network.

▪ Utilizes artificial intelligence, cloud, and data mining for efficient and stable flying.

▪ Techniques include intelligent control management, AI auxiliary flight, video decoding, and route planning.

▪ Aims for distributed, flexible deployment, self-healing, and cloud-network integration in the uav industry.

▪ Core capabilities include intelligent flight hub, intelligent internal industry processing, and diversified relationship
mining.

20
Challenges in UAV Integration Over 5G (6)

▪ Reliable and low latency communication is crucial for efficient control.

▪ Current cellular infrastructures are designed for terrestrial users.

▪ Limited coverage from terrestrial Base Stations may hinder necessary communication.

21
 Conclusion
▪ UAVs introduce a host of opportunities for advancing wireless communications, aligning with the emerging
concept of the Internet of Flying Things. As this technological landscape evolves, it becomes increasingly
important to cultivate analytical readiness.

▪ This involves not only understanding the fundamental performance metrics but also fostering self-
organization across various facets such as resource allocation, network topology, access protocols, and
security measures.

▪ Furthermore, the integration of machine learning, game theory, and related techniques holds significant
promise in optimizing UAV-enabled communication systems.

▪ Additionally, recognizing the role of human input within these frameworks, with an acknowledgment of
bounded rationality, is crucial for effective operation. Ultimately, the realization of ubiquitous wireless
connectivity facilitated by aerial platforms represents a transformative shift in how we perceive and
engage with communication networks. 22
 References of articles
1.https://d1p0gxnqcu0lvz.cloudfront.net/documents/Nokia_Controlling_drones_over_cellular_netw
orks_whitepaper_EN.pdf
2. https://semiengineering.com/edps-transitioning-from-5g-to-6g/
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389128620311324
4. https://www.jouav.com/industry/5g
5. https://www.jouav.com/industry/5g
6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389128620311324
7.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335104689_Deployment_Algorithms_of_Flying_Base_
Stations_5G_and_Beyond_With_UAVs

23
Thank You for
your attention

24