Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 1

EXERCISE – I HINTS & SOLUTIONS (IIT- JEE)

Sol.1 A Sol.4 B
1c = 57º .18
1º < 57º .18  5
Cos =
sin 1º < sin 57º .18 5
sin 1º < sin 1

Sol.2 C 5
Let A and B be two acute angles of a ABC in 2 5
which ACB = 90°
A
5

2 5
 tan = =2
5
Sol.5 A
C B sin 2 sin 3 sin 5
A + B + C = 180° { 1c = 57° 171}
A + B = 180° – C = (+ve) (+ve) (–ve)
A + B = 180° – 90° = Negative
 A + B = 90° ...(i)
According to the question Sol.6 D

3π 3 12
A–B= = ×180° = 54°  sin   and  lies in II quadrant.
13
10 10
we know that
 A – B = 54° ...(ii) 2 2
cos  = 1 – sin 
On solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
A = 72° and B = 18° 2
 12  144 25
= 1   =1– =
 13  169 169

Sol.3 D 5
Each side of hexagon (inscribe the circle)  cos = 
13

5
r
 cos = – (   lies in II quadrant)
13
60º 30º
r r r 13
 sec = 
5

12
is equal to radius of circle
each side of dodecagon subtends sin  13 12
and tan   = 5 =
an angle of 30° at centre of circle cos   5
13
O
and other two angles are 75º & 75º
13 12
PQ = OP cos 75º+OQ cos 75º Now, LHS = sec + tan =  
30º r
5 5
r
3 – 1 = r cos 75º+r cos 75º
25
=  = – 5 = RHS
( 3  1) 5
 2r = ( 3 – 1)
2 2
75º 75º
 r= 2 P Q
3 1
Which is the side of hexagon

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 Page # 2 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.7 D
6 6 2 2 sin8  cos8 
Given sin  + cos  – 1 = sin  cos  Now 
2 3 2 3 2 2 a3 b3
 (sin ) + (cos ) – 1 = sin  cos 
2 2 4 4 2 2
 (sin + cos )(sin  + cos  – sin cos ) –1  sin4  
2
 cos4  
2
2 2
=  sin cos  = a 2   b  2 
2 2 2 2 2  a   b 
 [(sin  + cos ) – 3sin cos ] – 1
2 2
= sin cos  = a2  b2
2 2 2 2
 [1 – 3sin  cos ] – 1 =  sin  cos 
2 2 2 2 = (a b)2
 – 3sin cos  = sin cos 
 =–3 2
 1 
= (a b)  2 
Sol.8 A  (a b) 
a cos + b sin  = 3 & a sin  – b cos  = 4
By squaring both side and adding, we get 1
=
a2 + b2 = 32 + 42 = 25 (a b)3

Sol.9 A Sol.10 D
Given
   3   7 
 sin4  cos4   tan x   cos  x   sin 3   x
(a b)    1  2   2   2 
 a b     3 
cos x   . tan  x
 2  2 
4 4 b a
 sin   cos   sin4   cos4 
a b
( cot x)(sinx)  ( cos3 x)
2 =

= sin2   cos2   sinx( cot x)

2 2  cos x  cos3 x  cos x(1  cos2 x )

 b   a  = = = sin2 x
  sin2     cos2    cos x  cos x
  b 
 a   
Sol.11 B
2 sin2  cos2   0
Given expression
 b 
2 = 3 [cos4 + sin4] – 2 [cos6 + sin6]
a
  sin2   cos2    0 = 3cos4 + 3sin4 – 2 [cos4 + sin4–cos2sin2]
 a b  = cos4 + sin4+ 2cos2sin2
= (sin2 + cos2)2 = 1
b a
 sin2   cos2 
a b Sol.12 A
Sin ( + ). sin ( – ). cosec2 
sin2  cos2  = (– sin ) (sin ) cosec2
 
a b = – sin2 cosec2 = –1

sin4  cos4  Sol.13 A

   (say)
a2 b2 tan 1º tan 2º tan 3º .... tan 89º
Now from the given condition, we have = (tan 1º . tan 89º) . (tan 2º tan 88º) (tan 3º . tan 87º)
...... (tan44º tan 46º) tan 45º
 sin4    cos4   1  tan 89º = tan (90° – 1°) = cot 1°
a 2  b 2 
 a   b  a b = 1 . 1 . 1 . .... 1 = 1

1 Sol.14 A
a  b 
ab cos1º cos2º .... cos179º
= cos1ºcos2º... cos 90º ... cos 179º = 0
1
 ( cos 90° = 0)
(a b)2

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 3

Sol.15 D Sol.19 A
sin sin  – cos cos  + 1 = 0
21
 – cos ( + ) + 1 = 0 We have, sin  + sin  =
65
 cos ( + ) = 1  sin ( + ) = 0
cos  sin  27
& cos  + cos  =
then 1 + cot  tan  = 1 + 65
sin  cos 
Squaring and adding both sides, we get
sin  cos   cos  sin  sin(  )
=
sin  cos 
=
sin  cos 
=0 212  272
 2 + 2 cos ( – ) =
65 2
Sol.16 D
212  272
cot x + cot (60º + x) + cot (120º + x)  2(1 + cos ( – )) =
65 2
1
= + tan (30º – x) – tan (30º + x)
tan x  32 (72  9 2 )
 2 . 2 cos2  2  =
 1  3 tan x   1  3 tan x 
  652
1
= +   – 
 


tan x  3  tan x   3  tan x   3 130 3
 cos  2  = ± =±
  130 130
2 2 2 3
3 – tan x + 3tanx – 3tan x – tan x – 3tan x
– 3tan3 x – 3tan2 x – tan2 x – 3 tan x       3 
=  < 2 <  cos  2  < 0
2
tanx(3 – tan x) 2   2  

 3
3  9tan2 x Hence cos  2  =
=   130
3tanx  tan3 x
Sol.20 A
Sol.17 C
tan A – tan B = x, cot B – cot A = y tan 2A  tan A
 tan 3A = 1  tan 2A tan A
1 1 cot B  cot A
 – =x  =x  tan 3A (1 – tan 2A tan A) = tan 2A + tan A
cot A cot B cot A cot B
 tan 3A – tan 2A – tanA = tan 3A tan 2A tan A
y
 cot A cot B =
x Sol.21 A

y   
cot A cot B  1 1 1 1   +  +  = 2  + + =
2 2 2
cot (A – B) = = x = +
cot B  cot A y x y
     
Sol.18 A  tan + tan + tan = tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
tan25º = x
tan155 º  tan 115º Sol.22 B
Let =N ABC if tan A < 0
1  tan 155º tan115º
 A is obtuse angle
Now, tan 155º = tan (180º–25º) = – tan 25º = – x
(B + C) =  – A  (B + C) < 90º
1  tan (B + C) > 0
& tan 115º = tan (90º + 25º) = – cot 25º = –
x
tan B  tan C
 >0
1 1  tan B tan C
x  tan B > 0 & tan C > 0
x 1  x2 1 x2  1 – tan B tan C > 0  tan B tan C < 1
N =  1 = =
1  (  x )   (1  1)x 2x
 x

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 Page # 4 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.23 B Sol.27 B
Given A + B = 225º
(cos 6 x  cos 4x )  5(cos 4 x  cos 2x )  10(cos 2x  1)
cot A cot B  1 =
cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x
cot (A + B) = = cot225º
cot B  cot A
 cot A + cot B = cot A cot B – 1 2 cos 5x cos x  10 cos 3x cos x  20 cos2 x
=
 1 + cot A + cot B = cot A cot B cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x
 (1 + cot A) (1 + cot B) = 2 cot A cot B
2 cos x[cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x]
 cot A   cot B  1 = = 2 cosx
  .  = [cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x]
 1  cot A   1  cot B  2

Sol.24 A Sol.28 A
sin 24º cos 6º  sin 6º sin 66º cos10º – sin 10º
sin 21º cos 39º  cos 51º sin 69 º  cos10º > 0 & sin 10º > 0
cos 10º + sin 10º > 0
sin24º cos 6º  sin6º cos 24º
=  (cos10º – sin 10º) (cos10º + sin 10º)
sin21º cos 39º  sin39º cos 21º
 cos210º – sin210º  cos 20º > 0
sin(24º 6º ) sin18º  cos 10º – sin 10º > 0
= = = –1
sin(21º 39º )  sin18º
Sol.29 B
Sol.25 D
1
sin12º. sin48º sin54º 0 < x <  & cos x + sin x =
2
Multiplying & dividing by 2, we get
By squaring both sides, we get
1
= (2 sin 12º sin 48º) sin 54º 1 3
2  1+sin 2x =  sin 2x = –
4 4
1
= [cos36º – cos 60º] sin54º 
2   < 2x < 2  < x <  tan x < 0
2
1  1
= cos 36º  2  sin 54º 3 2 tan x 3
2   Now, sin 2x=  =–
4 1  tan2 x 4
2x
1 3 tan2x + 8 tan x + 3 = 0
= [2 cos 36º sin 54º – sin 54º]
4
8  28
 tan x =
1 6
= [sin 90º + sin 18º – sin 54º]
4
4  7
 tan x = , tan x < 0
1 1  5  1  5  1 1  1 1 3
= 
4

4  = 4 1  2  =
4    8
Sol.30 A
A lies in 3rd quad. & 3 tan A – 4 = 0
Sol.26 D
4 4 3
3  tan A = , sin A = – , cos A = –
If A + B + C = then 3 5 5
2 5 sin 2A + 3 sin A + 4 cos A
2 cos (A + B) cos (A – B) + cos 2C = 10 sin A cos A + 3 sinA + 4 cos A
= – 2 sin C cos (A – B) + cos2C
= – 2 sinC cos (A – B) + 1 – 2sin2C   4  3   4  3
= 10    +3   +4   =0
= 1 – 2sinC [cos (A – B) + sin C]  5  5   5   5 
= 1 – 2 sin C [cos(A – B) + sin [3/2 – (A + B)]]
= 1 – 2 sin C [cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)]
= 1 – 2 sin C . 2 sin A sin B
= 1 – 4 sin A sin B sin C

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 5

Sol.31 A
  sin   sin 2 Sol.35 B
– << ;
2 2 1  cos   cos 2
cos 20º 8 . sin10º sin50º sin70º
sin   2 sin  cos  sin (1  2 cos )
= = sin2 80º
cos   (1  cos 2) cos   2 cos2  
sin (1  2 cos ) 1  cos 20º  8 sin10º sin(60º 10º )sin (60º 10º )
= ( cos   ) =
cos (1  2 cos ) 2 sin2 80º
 
 tan  (–, ) for   2 , 2  cos 20º  (8 sin30º ) / 4
  =
cos2 10º
Sol.32 A
cos12° + cos 84° + cos156° + cos132°
= ( cos12° + cos132° ) + ( cos84° + cos156°) cos 20º 1 2 cos2 10º
= = =2
 12  132   132  12  cos2 10º cos2 10º
2 cos   cos  +
 2   2 
 84  156   156  84  Sol.36 A
2 cos   cos  
 2   2  sin3 = sin[ – ( – 3)] = sin( – 3) = sin(0.14)
= 2cos72°cos60° + 2cos120°cos36° sin2 = sin[ – ( – 2)] = sin( – 2) = sin(1.14)
= 2sin18°cos60° + 2cos120°cos36° sin7 = sin[ + (–)] = sin(–) = sin(0.72)
 5  1 1  1  5  1 1 Now 1.14 > 1 > 0.72 > 0.14
= 2  4  2 + 2   2   4  = 
      2  sin(1.14) > sin1 > sin(0.72) > sin(0.14) [
as 1.14, 1, 0.72, 0.14 lie in the first
Sol.33 C
quadrant and sine functions increase in
cos36°cos72° cos108° cos144°
the first quadrant
= cos36°sin18° (–sin18°)(–cos36°)
Alternative solution
2 2 y
2 2
 5  1  5  1
= (cos 36° sin 18°) =    
 4   4  1

1 23 7
2 x
 5  1   5  1   1 :
     =
 4  4   16
–1 2
Sol.34 B
From the graph, obviously sin3 is least.
   3   7   9 
1  cos  1  cos  1  cos  1  cos 
 10   10   10   10  Sol.37 C

   3   3     f(x) = sin x  cos x is defined if sinx  cosx,

= 1  cos 10  1  cos 10  1  cos 10  1  cos 10 
     
y=sinx
 2    2 3   3
= 1  cos 10  1  cos 10  = sin2 sin2
    10 10
O
  4    2 
= sin2    sin2   
 2 10   2 10  –1

2 2
  4   2    2    5 
= cos   cos    =  cos 5 .cos 5  From the graph, sinx  cosx, for x   , 
  10   10      4 
2
 4 
 sin 5   1
2
1
=   =   =

 22 sin  4 16
 5
( sin(–) = sin)

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 Page # 6 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.38. D Sol.41 A
0  (sin2x)  1
x
Here, Let f(x) = sinx and g(x) = . Also, we b  (asin2x + b)  (a + b)
10
know that –1sinx  1.  [b, a + b] = [–2, 8]
x  b = –2, a + b = 8
 –1   1  x   a –b = 12
10
Thussketch both curves, when x   10,10.
Sol.42 B
y x2 + y2 = 25 ... (i), x + y = c ... (ii)
g(x)=x/10
1
put y = c – x in eq. (i)
x  x2 + (c –x)2 = 25
f(x)=sinx x2 + c2 + x2 – 2cx – 25 = 0
–1
2x2 – 2cx + (c2 –25) = 0
From, f(x)= sinx and g(x) = x/10 intersect at for real solution D  0
seven points. So, the number of solutions is 7.  (–2c)2 –4(2)(c2 – 25)  0
Sol.39 C
 c2  50  0
2
 1 3
Let f(x) = sinx and g(x) = x2+x+1 =  x    ,   50  c  50
 2 4
which could be graphically represented as  cmax = 5 2

(-1/2,3/4)
Sol.43 C
yg
(x ) = x 2 + x + 1
35
 m
f(x)=sinx

x
 sin(5k)  tan  n 
O
k 1
-1/2

sin 5° + sin 10° + sin 15° + ..... + sin 175°

{sina + sin2a + sin3a + ..... + sinna
As these two graphs do not intersect at any point,
therefore the given equation has no solution.  (n 1) a  na
sin   .sin 2
 2 
= a }
Sol.40 A sin
Let f(x) = tanx and g(x) = x+1, which could be 2
graphically represented as
 5
sin  35  
g (x )  x  1
 2  5
  sin 5  (34). 
5  2
sin  
2
 

 175 
sin 
–1 x 

 2   tan  m 
n
 5   
sin  
2

 175 
sin  
  2   tan  m  ( cos = sin(90–))
tanx = x +1 has infinitely many solutions but the least positive  
 175  n
    cos  
 2 
value of x    ,   .
 
Now, solve, m = 175, n = 2
 m + n = 177

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 7

Sol.44 C Sol.47 B
  5 7 Hypotenuse is 2 2 times of BD
We have, cos + cos + cos + cos +
11 11 11 11
AC = 2 2 BD A
9
cos D
11 b= 2 2p b
c
{cos+cos(+) + cos(+2)+....+ cos[+(n-1)] p p
In BCD, = sinC ...(i)
n a
sin B a C
2 .cos   (n 1)  
 a
=   2  } In ABC, = cos C ...(ii)
sin b
2

 2 p a p
  ,  , n = 5, then sinC cos C = × =
11 11 a b b

 2 1  1 1
sin  5. .    9  sin C cos C =  sin 2C =
 2 2 2
 11 2  .cos  11 11 
 
=  2 1   2 
sin  .      3
 11 2    2C =  C= , A= – A=
4 8 2 8 8
5 10
sin sin
11 .cos 5 1 11
.
=  11 = 2 
sin sin
11 11

   
sin     sin
1  11  1 11
. 1
= 2.  = 2  =
sin sin 2
11 11

Sol.45 B
tan + cot = a
By squaring both sides, we get
 tan2 + cot2 = a2 – 2
By squaring both sides again, we get
 tan4a + cot4a + 2 = a4 – 4a2 + 4
 tan4 + cot4 = a4 – 4a2 + 2

Sol.46 B
sin ex = 2x + 2–x
2x  2 x
A.M. =
2
G.M. = 1

2x  2  x
Hence 1 { A.M.  G.M.}
2
2x + 2–x  2
– 1  sin ex  1
Hence number of solution is zero

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 Page # 8 Trigonometric Ratio -I

EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.1 C
From (1) & (2)
Let S be the length of an arc substending an angle
c at the centre of circle with radius r. 1 1
Given that, 1  m 3  n 3
cos  =   & sin  =  
 π 
c
π m n m
 = 15° =  15 ×  = rad
 180  12
r = 6 cm 2 2
 1  1
S  1  m 3   n  3 
we know that ,    S = r
r   m  n   +  m   =1
   
π π    
S = 6× = cm
12 2
2 2
Sol.2 B 1
 m 3  n 3
Given, sin + cosec = 2    +   =1
m2  n  m
1
 sin   2
 1 + m2/3 n4/3 = m4/3 n2/3
sin 
2
 sin  + 1 – 2sin = 0  m4/3 n2/3 – m2/3 n4/3 = 1
2
 (sin – 1) = 0  m(mn2)1/3 – n(m2n)1/3 = 1
 sin = 1, cosec = 1
20 20 20 20
Now, sin  + cosec  = (1) + (1) Sol.6 B
=2
1 2 cos  1
2 cot   2 = 
Sol.3 C sin  sin  sin 2 

2 sin  cos   1 (sin   cos )2

= =
sin 2  sin 2 
In given Interval
| (sin   cos  ) |
= | sin  || cos  |
sin  & sin   cos   0
(sin   cos  )
=– = – (1 + cot ) = – 1 – 1 cot 
Sol.4. B sin 

tan 7  Ist quadrant  + ve Sol.7 A

cos 11  IVth quadrant  +ve 15
sin 27  IInd quadrant  + ve 2 sec2 – sec4 – 2 cosec2 + cosec4 =
4
 – sec4 + 2sec2 – 1 + 1 + cosec4 – 2 cosec2
Sol.5 A
15
Given that, =
4
1  – (sec4 – 2sec2 + 1)
cot  + tan + = m & – cos  = n
cos  15
+ (cosec4 – 2cos2 + 1) =
4
cos  sin  sin 2 
 + =m& =n ...(1) 15
sin  cos  cos   – (sec2 – 1)2 + (cosec2 – 1)2 =
4

1 15
 = sin cos ...(2)  – tan4 + cot4 =
m 4
 – 4tan  + 4 = 15tan4
8

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 4 tan8 + 15 tan4 – 4 = 0 Sol.12 D

 (tan4 + 4) (4tan4 – 1) = 0 3 sin  = 5 sin 
1 sin  5 sin   sin  53
 tan4 = – 4 or tan4 = fdgfdgfd  =  = =4
4 sin  3 sin   sin  53

1     
1 2 sin   cos  
 tan2 =±  tan = ±  2   2 
2 2  =4
    
2 cos   sin  
Sol.8 A  2   2 
3 sinx + 4 cos x = 5
By squaring both sides,  
9 sin2x + 16 cos2x = 25 – 24sin x cos x tan  
 2 
9 (1 – cos2x) + 16(1 – sin2x) = 25 – 24 sin x cos x  =4
  
 9 + 16 – 25 = 9 cos2x + 16sin2x – 24 sin x cos x tan  
 0 = (4sin x – 3 cosx)2  4 sin x – 3 cosx = 0  2 
Sol.13 B
Sol.9 D Given that,
 2   4 
 2 3 4 f() =sin2 + sin2     + sin2    
cos0 + cos + cos + cos + cos  3   3 
7 7 7 7
 2   
5 6 = 1 + sin2  – [cos2     – sin2     ]
+ cos + cos  3   3
7 7

 2 3  3  = 1 + sin2  – cos (2 + ) cos
= 1 + cos + cos + cos + cos    7  3
7 7 7  
cos 2
= 1 + sin2  +
 2    2
+ cos    7  + cos    7  1 3
    = 1 + sin2  + – sin2  =
2 2
 2 3 3 2
= 1 + cos + cos +cos – cos – cos    3
7 7 7 7 7 Hence, f  15  =
  2

– cos =1 Sol.14 C
7
11 A 2
cosec A + cot A =  tan =
Sol.10 D 2 2 11
By squaring both sides, we get
We have,
A 4
tan2 60 cos ec30 tan2 =
xsin45°cos 60° = 2 2 121
sec 45 cot 2 30 2 tan( A / 2)
 tan A =
2 1  tan2(A / 2)
1 1
 x. . =
 3 2 22 / 11
2 11 4 44
2 4 2  3  tan A = = =
1  (2 / 11)2 117 117
Alternatively:
x 6
  11
4 2 3 2 cosec A + cot A = ...(i)
2
6 2
 x 4 2  x=8 cosec A – cot A = ...(ii)
3 2 11
eq.(i) – eq.(ii)
Sol.11 C 11 2
Given that, 2cot A = –
2 11
A + B + C =  & cos A = cos B cos C
 – cos (B + C) = cos B cos C 117
 cot A =
 – cos B cos C + sin B sin C = cos B cos C 44
 sin B sin C = 2 cos B cos C 44
 tan A =
sin B sin C 117
 = 2  tan B tan C = 2
cos B cos C

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 Page # 10 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.15 B    
Given that, sin2 = k – sin2  cos2  2 sin cos
2 2 2 2

tan3  cot 3  2 2
+      
(1  tan ) 2 2
(1  cot )   sin  cos    sin  cos 
 2 2  2 2

sin 3  cos3     
= cos2 + sin2  << < <
cos 3 3
sin  2 4 2 2
    
2(sin 4   cos4 ) sin + cos –  sin – cos 
= 2 2  2 2
2(sin  cos )

 2 cos
2[(sin 2   cos2 )2  2 sin 2  cos2 ] 2
=
sin 2 Sol.20 C

 1  2  2  2 cos 4
21  sin 2 2
 2  2  sin 2 2 2  k2
= = = = 2  2  4 cos2 2  2
sin 2 sin 2 k
= 2  2 | cos 2 |
Sol.16 B
Given that, = 2  4c os2   2 { 0 <  < /4}
cos  + cos  = a & sin  + sin  = b, &  –  = 2 = 2 |cos |
Squaring & adding both sides, = 2 cos 
(cos2 + sin2) + (cos2  + sin2 ) Sol.21 B
+ 2(cos  cos  + sin  sin ) Given expression
= a2 + b2  
 1 + 1 + 2 cos ( – ) = a2 + b2 = tan + 2 tan + 4
16 8
 2 + 2 cos (2) = a2 + b2

 2(1 + cos2) = a2 + b2 = tan + 2 ( 2 – 1) + 4
16
 4 cos2 = a2 + b2
(Let 16 = 16   /2 = 8)
Now cos 3 = 4 cos3  – 3 cos
= tan  + 2 ( 2 + 1)
cos 3 = tan  + 2 cot 2
 = 4 cos2 – 3 = a2 + b2 – 3
cos 
2(1  tan2 )
= tan  +
Sol.17 C 2 tan 

1  tan2 15 3 tan2   1  tan2  

= cos30° = = = cot  = cot
1  tan2 15 2 tan  16
Sol.18 D
Sol.22 C
Given tan2 = 2tan2 + 1
A = tan 6º tan 42º & B = cot 66º cot 78º
 tan2 + 1 = 2tan2 + 2  sec2 = 2 sec2
cos2 = 2 cos2  cos2 = 2 – 2sin2 tan 6º tan 66 º tan 42º tan 78 º
 A=
 0 = 1 – 2sin  + 1 – cos2 
2 tan 66º tan 78 º
 cos2 + sin2  = 0 (Independent of ) 2 sin 6º sin 66º 2 sin 42º sin 78º
A = × ×B
Sol.19 A 2 cos 6º cos 66º 2 cos 42º cos 78º
 cos60º  cos72º   cos 36 º  cos 120º 
1  sin   1  sin   A =  cos60º  cos72º  ×  cos 36º  cos 120º  × B
   
   
 sin2  cos2  2 sin cos  1  2 sin18 º   2 cos 36 º 1
2 2 2 2  A =  1  2 sin 18º  ×  2 cos 36 º 1 × B
   

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 11

2  5 1 5  1 2 Sol.26 A
 A= × ×B  3 5 17
2  5 1 5  1 2 cos + cos + cos + ... + cos
19 19 19 19
(3  5 ) (3  5) 95
A= B = B  A = B 
( 5  1) ( 5  1)  5 1  2 sin
= 19 cos   cos 3  cos 5  ...  cos 17  
A   19 19 19 19 
Aliter = (tan 6º tan 66º) (tan 42º tan 78º) 2 sin
B 19
1  2  4 2   6 4   18 16  
using (, 60° – , 60° + ) =  sin   sin
  19  19
 sin  sin
19   19
 sin
19 
 ...   sin
 19
 sin 
19  
2 sin
19
A tan 18º tan 54º
= . =1
B tan 54º tan 18º 18 sin     
sin   sin
19  19  19 1
=  = = =
Sol.23 B   2
2 sin 2 sin 2 sin
19 19 19
     Aliter : Use sum of cosine series
64 3 sin cos cos cos cos
48 48 24 12 6
{cosA.cos2A.cos4A ... cos2nA Sol.27 B
 3 5
Let S  cos  cos  cos
=

sin 2n 1 A } 2n  1 2n  1 2n  1
2n 1.sinA ......... + upto n terms

Let 
 2n  1
sin  s = cos + cos3 + cos5 + .... n terms
64 3.sin

. 3  1
{ cos+cos(+)+cos(+2)+ ... +[cos+(n–1)]
= 48    16
sin  
 48  n
sin
2 .cos   (n 1)  
=   2  }
sin 
1 3 2
= 64 3 . . =6
16 2
Sol.24 B n.2
sin
S  2 .cos   (n 1) 2   sinn .cos n
 2 
 3  sin
2  sin 
If   , 2  , then tan  < 0 2
 2 
Given atan  > 1 0 < a < 1   
sin2n  
and btan  > 1 0 < b < 1 2 sinn .cos n sin2n  2n  1 
S  
tan  tan  2 sin  2 sin    
Also a >b (given) b > a 2 sin  
Hence a<b<1  2n  1 

     
Sol.25 C sin    sin  
 2n  1   2n  1   1
f() = sin4 + 1 – sin2  = (sin4  – sin2) + 1 
=       2
1 2 1 2 sin   2 sin  
= 1 + (sin2  – ) –  2n  1   2n  1 
2 4
3 1 3 3 Sol.28 B
f() = + (sin2 – )2    f()  1
4 2 4 4
1 1
( 0  sin2  1) +
cos 290º 3 sin 250 º
3 
Hence, range of f() is  ,1 1 1
4  = +
cos(270  20) 3 sin(270   20)

1 1 ( 3 cos 20 º  sin 20º )

= – =
sin 20º 3 cos 20º ( 3 sin 20º cos 20 º )

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 Page # 12 Trigonometric Ratio -I

 3 1  Sol.33 D
2 cos 20º  sin 20º 
 2 2  2 sin( 60º 20º )
  sin A 3 cos A 5
= = = ...(i) & = ...(ii)
3 sin 20 º cos 20 º  3 sin B 2 cos B 2
  sin 40 º
 2 
  Divide (i) & (ii), we get
4 sin 40º 4 3 4 3 2 3
= = × = sin A cos A 3 tan A
3 sin 40º 3 3 3  = ×  =
sin B cos B 2 5 tan B 5

Sol.29 B Applying componendo, we get

In ABC, cosA . cosec B . cosec C
tan A  tan B 3 5
 = ...(iii)
cos A sin A 2 sin A cos A tan B 5
=  ×
sin B sin C sin A
=  2 sin A sin B sin C
Now from (i) & (ii), 4sin2A = 3sin2B ....(iv)
sin 2A & 4 cos2A = 5 cos2B ...(v)
=  2 sin A sin B sin C = sin 22AsinAsinsin2BB sin
 sin 2C
C
By adding (iv) & (v), 4 = 3 + 2 cos2B
1
4 sin A sinB sinC  cos2B =  sec2B = 2
= =2 2
2 sin A sinB sinC
 tan2B = 1  tan B = 1
Sol.30 A
We have, 3 cos x + 2 cos 3x = cos y 3 5
and 3 sin x + 2 sin 3x = sin y Put these values in (iii), tan A + tan B =
5
Squaring and adding both sides, we get
(3 cos x + 2 cos 3x)2 + (3 sin x + 2 sin 3x)2
Sol.34 A
= cos2 y + sin2 y 2 cos x – 1 = –sin x
9 + 4 + 12 cos x cos 3x + 12 sin x sin 3x = 1 by squaring both sides, we get
12 cos (3x – x) = –12 cos 2x = –1 4 cos2 x – 4 cos x + 1 = sin2 x
5 cos2 x – 4 cos x = 0
Sol.31 C cos x (5 cos x – 4) = 0
We have, 4
cos x = 0 or cos x =
5
3 Given (sin x + cos x) = 1 – cos x
0º < x < 90º ; cos x = , then Now
10
6(sin x + cos x) + cos x = 6(1 – cos x) + cos x
log10 sin x + log10 cosx + log10 tanx = 6 – 5 cos x = 6 – 5(0) = 6
= log10 sin x cosx tan x or = 6 – 4 = 2

Sol.35 A
 2 9 1 
sin x  1     tan A & tan B are roots of given equation
 10 10 
 sum of roots = tan A + tanB = a,
= log10 sin2x product of roots = tan A tan B = b
tan A  tan B a
 1   tan (A + B) = =
= log10   = – 1 1  tan A tan B 1 b
 10 
tan 2 ( A  B) a2
Sol.32 A sin2(A + B) = =
1  tan 2 ( A  B) a2  (1  b)2
1
tan  
2  (tan )
tan2 + 2tan –1 = 0
solve for tan.
 tan   1  2
 9
  ,
8 8

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 13

EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

Sol.1 B,C,D Sol.6 C,D
(x + y) = z
cos1 means cos of 1 radian which lies cos (x + y) = cosz
between 45º and 90º  cosx cosy – sin x sin y = cos z
 cos is decreasing  cosx cos y – cos z = sinx sin y
 cos1º > cos1.  (cosx cos y – cosz)2

Sol.2 B,D = ( 1  cos2 x 1  cos2 y )2

sinx  cos x sin x cos x  cos2x cos2y + cos2z – 2 cosx cosy cosz = 1
3 = 3 + 3
cos x cos x cos x – cos2x – cos2y + cos2x cos2y
= tanx sec2x + sec2x  cos x + cos y + cos2z – 2 cosx cosy cos z = 1
2 2
= (tanx + 1) sec2x (Option D correct)
= (tanx + 1) (tan2x + 1) Also x + y – z = 0
= 1 + tanx + tan2x + tan3x (Option B correct)  cos(x + y – z) = 1

Sol.3 A,B Sol.7 A,B

Given that, (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C +
tan C) 3 sin  = sin (2 + )
= (secA – tan A) × (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C)
sin( 2  ) 3
Let L.H.S. = x & R.H.S. = y  =
Now, x = y sin  1
 x2 = xy Applying componendo & dividendo
 x = (sec2A – tan2A) (sec2B – tan2B) (sec2C – tan2C)
2
 x2 = 1  x=± 1 sin( 2  )  sin  3 1 2
 x=y  y=±1 
sin( 2  )  sin 
= =
3 1 1
L.H.S. = R.H.S. = ± 1
2 sin(  ). cos 
Sol.4 A,B  =2
tan A + tan B + tan C = 6 and tan A tan B = 2 2 cos (  ) sin 
tan A + tan B + tan C = tanA tan B tan C = 6  tan ( + ) = 2 tan 
6  tan ( + ) – 2tan  = 0
tan C = =3 tan C = 3
2 Hence, independent of  &  both.
tanA + tan B = 6 – tanC
tanA + tan B = 3 Sol.8 A,C
tan A = 1 or 2 and tan B = 1 or 2
Let A = cos 2 + cos 2 + 2cos ( + )
1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 are the possible values of tan A, tan
B, tan C respectively = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( – ) + 2 cos ( + )
= 2 cos ( + ) [cos ( – ) + 1]
Sol.5 C,D & B = sin 2 + sin 2 + 2 sin( + )
0 <  < /2; = 2 sin( + ) cos ( – ) + 2 sin( + )
tan  + tan 2 + tan3 = 0 = 2 sin( + ) [cos ( – ) + 1]
In a right angled triangle,

clearly tan  0 and tan 2 0 for 0 <  <
2 Hypotneuse = A 2  B2
Now, tan 3 = tan (2 + ) 0 < 2 <  = 4 cos2 (  )[cos(  )  1]2  4 sin2 (  )[cos(  )  1]2

tan 2  tan  3
 tan 3 =
1  tan 2 tan 
0 < 3 <
2
= 2[cos ( – ) + 1] sin 2 (   )  cos 2 (   )

Given that (tan  + tan 2) + tan 3 = 0 (by using = 2 [cos ( – ) + 1]

given condition)  
 tan 3 (1 – tan 2 tan ) + tan 3 = 0 = 2 . 2 cos2   = 4 cos2  
 2   2 
 tan 3 [2 – tan 2 tan ] = 0
 tan 3 = 0 or tan 2 tan  = 2

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 Page # 14 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.9 B,D Sol.12 B,C

Given expression Given that,
 2 4 8 16
cos cos . cos . cos cos 2b
10 10 10 10 10 tan x = , ac
ac
 16   32 2 & y = a cos2 x + 2b sin x cos x + c sin2x ....(i)
sin 2   sin  sin
 10  10 10 & z = a sin2x – 2b sinx cos x + c cos2x ....(ii)
= = =
     By adding (i) & (ii), we get
25 sin   25 sin 25 sin
 10  10 10 (y+ z) = a + c (option B correct)
Subtracting (i) & (ii)
 cos( / 10)
=– ...(B) (y – z) = (a – c) cos2 x – (a – c) sin2 x + 4b sin x cos x
16
 (y – z) = (a – c) (cos2 x – sin2x) + 2b sin 2x
Now,
2  2b 
 5  1  y – z = (a – c) [1 – 2 sin2x +   2 sin x cos x]
 2  1   ac
cos = 1  sin =  4 
10 10  
 y – z = (a – c) [1 – 2 sin2x + (tanx) 2 sin x cosx]
10  2 5  y – z = (a – c) [1 – 2 sin2 x + 2 sin2x]
16  (6  2 5 )
= = y–z=a–c (option C correct)
16 4

 cos
 10 =  10  2 5
16 64

Sol.10 B,D
Let Y = 1 + 4 sin + 3 cos 
Max value of a sin  + b cos  = a2  b2

Max value of Y = 1 + 4 2  32 = 6
Min value of a sin  + b cos  = – a2  b2

Min value of Y = 1 – 4 2  32 = 1 – 5 = – 4

Sol.11 B,D
sin6x + cos6x = a2
13 – 3 sin2x cos2x = a2
3
 1– (sin 2x)2 = a2
4
 4 – 3sin2 2x = 4a2
4(1  a 2 )
sin22x =
3
Since, 0  sin2x  1
4(1  a 2 )
 0 1
3
4 3
0 (1 – a2) & (1 – a2) 
3 4
1
 1 – a2  0 & a2 
4
 1 1 
 a2  1 & a   ,     ,  
 2 2 
 1 1 
 a   1,  2    2 , 1
   

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 15

EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

similarly
2 10 by = (a2 – b2)(sin3)
Sol.1. sin   1  cos2  = 
11 1/3 1/3
 ax   by 
cos =  2 2  ; sin =  2 2 
Sol.2 LHS : 3(sinx–cosx)4 + 4(sin6x + cos6x) + 6(sinx + a –b  a –b 
cosx)2 sin2 + cos2 = 1
= 3(sinx–cosx) 4 + 4{(sin 2 x) 3 + (cos 2 x) 3 }  (ax)2/3 + (by)2/3 = (a2–b2)2/3
+6(sinx+cosx)2
= 3[(sinx –cosx)2]2 + 4[(sin2x + cos2x)(sin4x –
Sol.5 Pn = cosn + sinn
sin2xcos2x + cos4x)] +6[1 + 2sinx cosx]
= 3(1-2sinxcosx)2 + 4[sin4x – sin2xcos2x + Pn–2 = cosn–2  + sinn–2 
cos4x] + 6 +12sinx cosx  Pn – Pn–2 = cosn – cosn–2 + sinn – sinn–2 
= 3[1 + 4sin2xcos2x – 4sinxcosx] + 4[1– = cosn–2  (cos2 – 1) + sinn–2  (sin2 – 1)
3sin2xcos2x] + 6 +12sinxcosx = – cosn–2  sin2  –sinn – 2  cos2 
= 3 + 4 + 6 = 13 = R.H.S
 cosn2  sinn2  
=– sin2  cos2   
Sol.3 a sec = 1 – b tan......(i)  cos2  sin2  
a2sec2 = 5 +b2 tan2.....(ii)
By squaring both sides of (i), = – sin2 cos2 [cosn–4  + sinn–4]
a2 sec2 = 1 + b2 tan2 – 2b tan ......(iii)  Pn – Pn–2 = –sin2 cos2 Pn–4 ...(i)
substracting (ii) & (iii), we get Similarly Qn = cosn – sinn
Qn – Qn–2 = – sin2  cos2 Qn–4 ...(ii)
2
0 = 4 + 2 b tan   tan  = put n = 4 in equation (i) & (ii)
b
P4 – P2 = – sin2 cos2 P0
putting in (ii), we get
P4 = P2 – sin2 cos2 P0 { P2 = 1, P0 = 2}
 4  P4 = 1 – 2sin2 cos2
a2 1  2  = 5 + 4  a2b2 + 4a2 = 9b2 Now, Q4 = Q2 – sin2 cos2 Q0
 b 
Q4 = cos2 – sin2 – cos2 sin2 (0)
Q4 = cos2 – sin2
ax by
Sol.4   a2  b2 ... (i)
cos  sin  5
Sol.6 tan  = ,  is not in II quadrant
12
ax by
 0 (i.e.  lie in IV quadrant)
 cos2    sin2  
    ... (ii)  sin   cot   sin   cot 
 sin    cos   L.H.S. = =
   
 cos ec  cos ec  2 cos ec
cos 
Multiply eq. (i) with sin 2   cos  sin 2   cos 
sin  = =
2 cos ec sin  2 cos ec sin 
ax by cos 
  (a2  b2 ) 2
sin   sin2   sin  5 12
  ... (iii)   
 cos    13  13 1  25  12 
  = =  
2 2 169 13 
(ii) + (iii)
 sin  1  2 cos  1  25  156  1 181 181
ax 
2

 cos  sin  
2
  a b sin 
 =  169  =
2   2
169 =
  338
= RHS
 sin2   cos2   2 cos 
ax 
2
 cos .sin  
2
  a b sin 

 ax = (a2 – b2)(cos3)

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 Page # 16 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.7 A + B = 45º then Sol.11 A + B +C = 2S  C = 2S – (A + B)

tan A  tan B cos( S  A )  cos(S  B) cos(S  C)  cos S
 tan (A + B) = tan 45º  =1 L.H.S. =  +  
1  tan A tan B
 tan A + tan B = 1 – tan A tan B
 tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 1  2S  A  B   A B
 1 + tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 1 + 1 = 2 cos   cos  
 2   2 
 (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2
0  2S  C  C
1  + 2cos   cos  2 
If A = B = 22 =  2   
2 8
(1 + tan A)2 = 2  A B
C C
= 2 cos   cos   + 2cos  A  B  cos  
tan A = 2 – 1 { tan A > 0} 2  2   2  2
Sol.8 We have, sin x + sin y = a
C   A B  A  B 
= 2 cos cos   cos 
xy x  y 2   2   2 
= 2 sin   cos   =a ...(i)
 2   2 
& cos x + cos y = b C 2 cos A cos B 
= 2 cos 
2  2 2 
xy xy
= 2 cos  2  cos  2  = b ...(ii)
    A B C
= 4 cos cos cos = R.H.S.
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get 2 2 2
x  y a
tan  2   b Sol.12 A + B + C = 0º
 
L.H.S. = sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C
= 2 sin (A + B) cos (A – B) + sin2C
x  y
2 tan  = 2 sin (–C) cos (A – B) + 2 sin C cos C
 2  2ab
sin (x + y) = = 2 = – 2sin C [cos (A – B) – cos C]
2 x  y  a  b2
1  tan  
 2    A  B  C   A  B  C 
= – 2 sin C  2 sin 2
 sin
2

Now, by squaring & adding given equation, we get     
1 + 1 + 2 cos (x – y) = a2 + b2  A=–B–C
2 2
a b 2   2B   2A 
cos (x – y) =
2 = 4 sin C sin  2  sin  2 
   
xy 4  a2  b2 = – 4 sin A sin B sin C = R.H.S.
 tan  2  = ±
  a2  b 2
3 3
Sol.13 tan x = ,<x<
Sol.9  2x + 2y + 2z =  4 2
2x, 2y, 2z are angles of a triangle. 3 4
L.H.S. = sin(2x) + sin(2y) + sin(2z) sin x = & cos x =
5 5
 2x   2y   2z  1
= 4 cos   cos   cos   x 4 x
 2   2   2   2 cos2 –1= cos =±
2 5 2 10
= 4 cos x cox y cos z
x 1   x 3 
cos =     
Sol.10 L.H.S. = sin2x + (sin2y – sin2z) 2 10 2 2 4 
= sin2x + sin (y + z) sin (y – z)
= sin2x + sin ( – x) sin (y + z) {y – z =  – x} x x 3
Now 2 sin cos =–
= sin x [sin x + sin (y + z)] 2 2 5
= sin x [sin (y + z) + sin (y – z)] 3
x 3  10 x
= 2 sinx sin y cos z sin = ×  sin =
2 10 1 2 10

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 2      sec 8 A  1
1  cot     9  Sol.17 (i) L.H.S. =
  4   cos  cot 4 sec 4A  1
Sol.14 L.H.S. = 
     2
 sec 
 2 

2
1  cot  

  4   (1  cos 8A ) cos 4 A 2 sin2 4A cos 4A
= × =
 2      (1  cos 4 A ) cos 8 A 2 sin 2 2A cos 8A
 tan   1   9 
 4  
=   cos cot 4   sec  
 2      2   2  sin 4 A (2 sin 4A cos 4A)
 tan  4   1  = 2
    2 sin 2A cos 8A
      9
=  cos 2 4   cos 2 cot 4  sec 2 sin 2A cos 2A sin 8 A tan 8A
    2 = × = = RHS
2 sin 2 2A cos 8 A tan 2A
   cos 4  9 cos A  sin A cos A  sin A
=  sin  cos sec (ii) L.H.S. = –
  2 sin 4  2 cos A  sin A cos A  sin A

1    9 (cos A  sin A )2  (cos A  sin A )2

= cos 4 cos 2  sin4 sin 2  sec =
sin 4   2 (cos A  sin A )(cos A  sin A )

9 1 1  sin 2A  1  sin 2A
= cosec 4 . cos × = cosec 4 = = 2 tan 2A
2
cos
9 cos2 A  sin 2 A
2
= RHS Sol.18 L.H.S. = sin 3x sin3x + cos 3x . cos3x
= (3 sinx – 4 sin3x) sin3x
Sol.15 L.H.S. = 4(cos320º + cos340º) + (4 cos3 x – 3 cosx) cos3x
= 3 sin x – 4 sin x + 4 cos6 x – 3 cos4x
4 6
= 4 cos3 20º + 4 cos3 40º = 4 (cos6x – sin6x) – 3 (cos4 x – sin4x)
( cos 3 = 4 cos3  – 3cos ) = 4(cos2x – sin2x) (12 – sin2x cos2x) – 3(cos4x – sin4x)
= (cos 60º + 3 cos20º) + (cos 120º + 3 cos40º) = cos 2x [4 {1 – sin2x cos2x} – 3]
1   1  = cos 2x [4 – 4 sin2x cos2x – 3]
=  2  3 cos 20º  +   2  3 cos 40º  = cos2x [1 – sin2 2x] = cos2x cos22x = cos32x
   
1 1
= + 3 cos 20º – + 3 cos 40º sin  sin 
2 2 
tan   tan  cos  cos 
= 3 (cos20º + cos 40º) = RHS Sol.19  tan  = =
1  tan  tan  sin  sin 
1
Sol.16 Given that, cos  cos 
tan2 + 2 tan  . tan 2 = tan2 + 2 tan . tan 2
tan2 – tan2 = 2 (tan tan 2 – tan  tan2) sin cos   cos  sin  sin(    )
= =
cos  cos   sin  sin  cos(    )
 1  tan 2   1  tan 2  
 tan2 – tan2 = 4 tan tan   (1  tan 2  )(1  tan 2 ) 
  sin(    )
 tan  =
cos(    )
 4 tan  tan  
 (tan2  – tan2)  (1  tan 2 )(1  tan 2 )  1 = 0
  2 sin(    )
 tan2 – tan2 = 0 tan  = ± tan  2 tan  cos(    )
 sin 2 = =
or 4 tan  tan  = (1 – tan2) (1 – tan2) 1  tan2  sin 2 (    )
1
 2 tan   cos2 (   )
  2
2  2tan = 1 – tan 
 1  tan  
 2 (tan2) tan  + tan2 = 1 2 sin(  )cos(  )
 sin 2 =
cos2 (  )  sin2 (  )
 2 tan  
  2
Similarly  2  2 tan  = 1 – tan 
 1  tan   sin 2  sin 2
 sin 2 =
 2 tan  tan 2 + tan2 = 1 1  sin (   )  sin2 (   )
2

sin 2  sin 2
 sin 2 =
1  sin 2 sin 2

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 Page # 18 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.20 L.H.S. = sin2 + sin22 + sin23 + ..... + sin2 n

1
Minimum value = (1 – 1)2 = 0
1  cos2   1  cos 4   1  cos 2n  2
= +  + ... +  
 2   2   2  1
Maximum value = (1 – (–1))2 = 2
1 1 1  2
=  2  2  ...  2 (n times )
  Sol.23 D
1 Let Y = 1 + 4 sin + 3 cos 
– (cos2 + cos 4 + ... + cos 2n)
2 Max value of a sin  + b cos  = a2  b2
Let = 2
n 1 Max value of Y = 1 + 4 2  32 = 6
= – [cos + cos 2 + cos 3 + ... + cos n]
2 2
Sol.24 sin + sin ( + 2) + ....... + up to n terms = 0
n Sum of all exterior angles is 360º
sin
n 1 2  (n  1)d 
= –  cos    2
 2
2 2 sin    n = 2  =
2 n

n 1 sin n sin + sin ( + ) + sin ( + 2) + ...

= – cos (2 + (n – 1)) + sin ( +(n – 1) )
2 2 sin 
n 1 sin n n
= – cos (n + 1) = R.H.S. sin   n  1 
2 2 sin  2     
=  cos  2  
sin 
2
1   2   2 
Sol.21 cos x 2 cos 3  x  cos 3  x 
2     
sin   
=    (n  1)  = 0
 4   cos  n
1 sin
= cos x cos 3  cos 2x  n
2  

 1  1 tan x  sec x  (sec x  tan x)

1 Sol.25 E 
= cos x  2  cos 2x  = cos x [2 cos 2x – 1] 2
2   4
E = tanx
1 1
= cos x [4 cos2x – 3] = cos 3x [ 10y  10log10 (tan x  sec x) = tanx + secx.]
4 4
1 cos 3x 1 1 1
–    – , Sol.26 arc AB = arc CD
4 4 4 4 4
B
Sol.22 (i) cos 2x + cos2x D
= 2 cos2x –1 + cos2x 5 2
= 3cos2x – 1 12 3
C
P r1 A O
Maximum value = 3(1) – 1 = 2; r2
Minimum value = 3 (0) – 1 = –1

 
(ii) cos2   x  (sinx – cos x)2
4  2 / 3 5 / 12 r1 8
 2r2 = 2r1  r =
2 2 2 5
2
 1 1 
=  cos x  sin x  (sinx – cos x)2 Sol.27 r = 10 cm
 2 2  B

arc AB = 2(10) × 10
1 4  2 
= (cos x – sin x)2 (sinx – cos x)2 O
4
A
2 10
5
1 =  cm
= (1 – sin 2x)2 2
2

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 19

 2 
Sol.28 Let cos (sin ) > sin (cos ) =2 2   sin 5º  sin 5º  = 4
 2 
     
cos  cos     > sin  sin     (iv) cot 70º + 4 cos 70º
 2   2 
cos 70º cos 70º  2.2 sin 70º cos 70º
= + 4 cos 70º = sin 70º
 sin 70º
Let –=
2
cos 70º 2 sin 140º cos 70º 2 cos 50º
 cos (cos) > sin (sin ) = =
sin 70º sin 70º
 
 sin   cos   > sin (sin ) (cos 70 º  cos 50 º )  cos 50 º
2  =
cos 20 º
 
 – cos  > sin   > sin + cos  2 cos 60º cos 10º  cos 50º cos10º  cos 50º
2 2 = =
cos 20º cos 20º
which is true ( Max value of (sin  + cos ) is 2)
 cos (sin ) > sin (cos) 2 cos 30º cos 20º 3
= =2× = 3
cos 20º 2
Sol.29 (i) tan 9º – tan27º – tan63º + tan81º
= (tan 9º + tan 81º) – (tan 27º + tan 63º)
= (tan 9º + cot9º) – (tan27º + cot27º) Sol.30 Given that,
sin ( + ) = a & sin ( + ) = b
tan2 9º1 tan2 27º 1 sec 2 9 º sec 2 27 º By multiplying both the equations, we get
= – = –
tan 9º tan 27º tan 9º tan 27 º 2 sin ( + ) sin ( + ) = 2ab
1 1 cos ( – ) – cos (2 +  + ) = 2ab
= – cos ( – ) = 2ab + cos (2 +  + ) ... (i)
sin 9º cos 9º sin 27º cos 27º
Given equations cos 2( + ) = 1 – 2a2
2 2 2(sin54 – sin18) cos 2( + ) = 1 – 2b2
= – =
sin 18º sin 54 º sin18  sin54 cos 2( + ) + cos 2( + ) = 2(1 – a2 – b2)
2(2 cos 36 sin18) 2 cos (2 +  + ) cos( – ) = 2(1 – a2 – b2)
= =2×2=4 from (i)
sin18 sin36
1  a2  b2
(ii) cosec10º – cos ( – ) – = 2ab
3 sec10º cos   )
1 3 cos10º  3 sin 10º cos2 ( – ) – 2ab cos ( – ) = 1 – a2 – b2
= – =  1+cos 2( – ) – 4ab cos ( – ) = 2 – 2a2 –
sin 10º cos10º sin 10 º cos10º
2b2
1 3  cos 2 ( – ) – 4ab cos ( – ) = 1 – 2a2 – 2b2
2  2 cos 10º  sin 10 º 
 2 2  = 4 sin( 30º 10 º ) = 4
= Sol.31 A + B + C = 
2 sin 10º cos 10º sin 20 º
L.H.S. = tan C (tan A + tan B) + tan A tan B
 sec 5º cos 40º  = tan C tan (A + B) (1 – tan A tan B) + tan A tan B
(iii) 2 2 sin 10º  2  sin 5º  2 sin 35º 
  = – tan2 C + tan A tan B (tan2 C + 1)
= 2 2 [sin5º + 2 cos40º cos5º – 2 sin35º sin10º] = 1 – sec2 C + tan A tan B sec2 C
= 1 – sec2 C (1 – tan A tan B)
= 2 2 [sin 5º + cos45º + cos35º
– (cos 25º – cos 45º)] cos(A  B)
= 1 – sec2 C
cos A cos B
 2 
= 2 2 sin 5º   cos 35º  cos 25º  = 1 + sec2 C cos C sec A sec B
 2  = 1 + sec A sec B sec C
2 
= 2 2   sin5º  (2sin30ºsin5º) Sol.32 C
 2  cos + cos = a
 2 1 
=2 2   sin 5º 2  sin 5º 
 2 2 

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 Page # 20 Trigonometric Ratio -I

Sol.34 B
  – Here, p = 5
2cos   cos  2  = a ...(i)
 2    & sin x, cos x & tan x are in G.P.
sin + sin = b  cos2 x = sin x . tan x
 cos3 x = 1 – cos2 x
  –  cos3 x + cos2 x = 1 .....(v)
2sin   cos   =b ...(ii)
 2   2  Taking cube on both sides, of (v),
 (cos3 x + cos2 x)3 – 1 = 0
eq.(i)  eq.(ii)
 (cos3 x)3 + (cos2 x)3 + 3 cos3 x . cos2 x
   – (cos3x + cos2x) – 1 = 0
2 cos   cos    cos9 x + cos6 x + 3 cos5 x – 1 = 0
 2   2  a
(from (v))
=
       –   b
2 sin   cos  2 
 2    COMPREHENSION # 2
 a
cot   = Sol.35 C
 2  b Given that,
a sin A sin B sin C = p & cos A cos B cos C=q
cot = ( 2 =  + )
b p
tan A tan B tan C=
q
b a
sin = 2 2 , cos =
a b a  b2
2
p
 tan A =  tan A =
sin2 + cos2 = 2sincos + cos2 – sin2 q
2
2ab a b2
= 2 + – Sol.36 B
a2  b2 a2  b2
 a 2  b2  In a triangle, A + B + C = 
L.H.S. = tan C (tan A + tan B) + tan A tan B
2ab  a 2 – b2 = tan C tan (A + B) (1 – tan A tan B) + tan A tan B
= = – tan2 C + tan A tan B (tan2 C + 1)
a 2  b2
= 1 – sec2 C + tan A tan B sec2 C
a 2  b2  2ab – 2b2 = 1 – sec2 C (1 – tan A tan B)
=
a2  b2 cos(A  B)
= 1 – sec2 C
cos A cos B
2b(a – b)
=1+ (since, A + B =  – C)
a 2  b2
= 1 + sec2 C cos C sec A sec B
n=2 = 1 + sec A sec B sec C
Sol.33 A 1
Now, sin2 A = x = 1
cos A.cos B.cos C
 sin A sin 2A sin 3A sin 4A
 sin A (2 sin A cos A) (3 sin A – 4 sin3 A) 1
= 1
(2 sin 2A cos 2A) q
 sin A (2 sin A cos A) (3 sin A – 4 sin3 A)
(4 sin A cos A) (1 – 2sin2 A) Sol.37 D
8 sin A cos2 A (3 sin A – 4 sin3 A) (1 – 2sin2 A)
3 tan3A +tan3B + tan3C=3 tan A tan B tan C
 8 sin3 A (1 – sin2 A) (3 sin A – 4 sin3 A) (1 – 2sin2 A) + (tan A+tan B + tan C) (tan2A – tan Atan B)
It is a polynomial in which highest power of sin A is 10 tan3A =3( tan A)+( tan A) (tan2A–tan Atan
Hence, it is a polynomial in x with degree 5. B)
= 3( tan A)+(tan A)[(tan A)2–3(tanA tanB)]

3p p  p2 (1  q)  3p p3 3p(1  q)
= +  2 3 
q q  q q  = q + q3 – q2

3pq2  p3  3pq  3pq2 p3  3pq

= =
q 3
q3
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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 21

Sol.38 A - Q,S, B - P, C - Q, D - P
(A) For x > 0;
1
x+  2  2 cos   2  cos   1
x
Since, cos  cannot be greater than 1
cos  = 1
For x < 0 ;
1
x+  –2 
x
2 cos   –2  cos   (–1)
Since, cos  cannot be less than (–1)
 cos  = (–1)
(B) sin  + cosec  = 2, is possible only when
sin  = 1 & cosec  = 1
(sin )2008 + (cosec )2008 = 2
(C) Let y = sin4  + cos4 
 y = (sin2  + cos2 )2 – 2 sin2  cos2 
1
 y= 1– (sin 2)2
2

1 (sin 2)2
 ymax = 1 – 
2 minimum

1
=1– (0) = 1
2
(D) Let y = 2 sin2  + 3 cos2 
 y = 2(sin2  + cos2 ) + cos2 
 y = 2 (1) + cos2 

cos2 
 ymin = 2 + 
minimum
=2+0 =2

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 Page # 22 Trigonometric Ratio -I

EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.4 D
Sol.1 B
by squaring and adding given equations,
3
cos ( – )+cos ( – )+cos ( – ) = – 1
2 sin (P + Q) =
2
 2[cos (–)+cos (–)+cos (–)]+3=0
 2[cos ( – )+cos ( – ) + cos ( – )] 5 
P+Q= or
+ sin2  + cos2  + sin2  + cos2  6 6
+ sin2  + cos2  = 0
 (sin  + sin  + sin )2  5
R = or
6 6
+ (cos  + cos  + cos )2 = 0
It is possible only when A & B both are zero. 
But P + Q = is not possible
6
Sol.2 B
We have, 
as P <
6
4 5  
cos ( + ) = , sin ( – ) = ,   0, 
5 13  4 1
sinP <
2
3 5 
tan ( + )= , tan ( – )= , 0< + <
4 12 2 3
3sinP + 4cosQ < + 4
 tan (2) = tan (( + ) + ( – )) 2

tan (   )  tan(   ) 5
= so P + Q =
1  tan(   ) tan(   ) 6

3 5 
 R=
14 / 12 14 16 56 6
= 4 12 = = × =
3 5 11 / 16 12 11 33
1  Sol.5 D
4 12

sin A cos A
Sol.3 A cos A  sin A
Given that, sin A  cos A sin A
1
A = sin2 x + cos4 x sin A cos A
 A = 1 – cos2 x + cos4 x

1 3 sin2 A cos2 A

= cos x – cos x +
4
+
2
cos A(sin A  cos A) (cos A  sin A) sin A
4 4

1
2  sin3 A  cos3 A
 2 3
=  cos x   + (cos A  sin A) sin A cos A
 2 4

2
(cos A  sin A)(1  sin A cos A)
 2 1 1 =
where, 0   cos x    (cos A  sin A) sin A cos A
 2 4
1  sin A cos A
3 =
cos A sin A
 A1
4
= (sec A cosecA + 1)

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 23

Sol.6 D

1 1
f4(x) – f6(x) = (sin4x + cos4x) –
4 6
(sin6 x + cos6 x)

1 1
= (1 – 2sin2x cos2x) – (1 – 3 sin2x cos2x)
4 6

1 1 32 1
=   
4 6 12 12

Sol.7 D
5(tan2x – cos2x) = 2cos2x + 9

 1  cos 2 x 
5 2
 cos 2 x  = 2(2cos2x – 1) + 9
 cos x 
5 ( 1 –cos2x – cos4x) = 2cos2x(2cos2x– 1)
+ 9cos2x
Cos2x = t
5(1 – t – t2) = 2t(2t – 1) + 9t
5 – 5t – 5t2 = 4t2 – 2t + 9t
4t2 + 5t2 + 12t – 5 = 0
9t2 + 12t – 5 = 0

1 5
t= & t
3 3

1   1 2  7
cos x =
2
 cos4x =  2  2 3  1   1 = 
3     9

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 Page # 24 Trigonometric Ratio -I

EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

Sol.1 (a) A,B Sol.2 0002
2 2
sin x 4
cos4 x 1 sin  + 3 sin  cos  + 5 cos 
+ =
2 3 5 2 3
= 4 cos  + 1 + sin 2
dividing by cos4 x both side 2
tan 4 x 1 1 3
+ = sec4 x = 2(1 + cos 2) + 1 + sin 2
2 3 5 2
 5(3 tan4 x + 2) = 6(1 + tan2 x)2
3
 15 tan4x + 10 = 6 tan4x + 12 tan2 x + 6 = 3 + 2 cos 2 + sin 2
 9 tan4x – 12 tan2x + 4 = 0 2

2 9 5 1
 (3 tan2 x – 2)2 = 0  tan2 x = =3– 4 =3– =
3 4 2 2
so maximum value = 2
2 5 3
sec2 x = tan2 x + 1 = +1=  cos2x =
3 3 5 Sol.3 0007
3 2 
 sin2 x = 1 –  sin2 x = Let  ,
5 5
n
81 cos8 x 3
cos8x =  = 1 1 1 sin 3  sin  1
625 27 625    
sin  sin 3 sin 2 sin . sin 3 sin 2
16 sin8 x 2 sin 4 = sin 3  7  = 
sin8 x =  =
625 8 625  = /7, So n = 0007

sin8 x cos8 x 5 1 Sol.4 A,C,D

+ = =
8 27 625 125 2 cos (1  sin )  2 sin  cos   1
(b) C,D
2 cos  + 1 = 2 sin ( + )
6 1
1 = sin( + ) – cos 
  (m  1)   m 
= 4 2 2
3
m  1 sin      . sin    
 4   4   tan(2  )  0 , tan  < 0 and –1 < sin  < –
2
270º <  < 300º
m
Let  + =  4
4  
2 3
6
1
    4 2 Sol.5 8
m 1 sin     sin 
 4 5
cos2 2x + 1 – 2sin2 x cos2 x + 1
    4
6 sin      
1   4  – 3 sin2 x cos2 x = 2

   
4 2

5
cos2 2x – 5 sin2x cos2x = 0
sin m  1 sin  sin    
4 4 4

    5 5
 cos2 2x – sin2 2x = 0
 2


cot      cot   4 2
 4  
4 4
5
  (m  1)    m    cos 4 x= 0
  cot    4
  cot      4
4 
4
   
cos 4 x= 0
 3  
cot  – cot    2  = 4  4x  (2n  1)
  2
cot  + tan  = 4 tan2  – 4 tan  + 1 = 0

 5  x  (2n  1)
tan  = 2 ± 3   , 8
12 12  Total number of solutions are 8

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 Trigonometric Ratio-I Page # 25

Sol.6 C
 1 
1  tan2 1  tan2
  k   (k – 1)   2  3 2
13 sin   –   1
4 6 4 6  2  
 1  tan 1  tan3
2
k 1 sin
  (k – 1)    k 2 3 2
4  6  sin  4  6 
   
1  
tan2  tan2
13 3 2 2
   k 
2 cot  4  (k – 1) 6  – cot  4  6   
k 1 tan2  3 tan2
2 2
      12    13  
2 cot – cot     ......  cot   – cot   
 4 4 6 4 6  4 6        
 tan 2  3 tan 2   tan 2  3 tan 2   0
   
    
2 cot – cot 2   
 4  4 6 
Sol.8.
    
2 1 – cot     3a cos  2b sin x  c
  4 6 
 2x x
 1  1  tan 2 tan
 1 –  3a 2  2b 2
3 
2 1 –  1  tan
2x
1  tan2
x =C
 1 
 1  2 2
 3 
x
 3 –1 Put tan =t
2 1 –  2
 3  1 

tan
 3  1 – 3  1 1  t2 2t 2
2 3 –1 3a  2b  C
2  =2× × 1  t2 1  t2 
 3 1  3 1 3 –1 tan
2
= 2( 3 –1)
3a  3at2  4bt  c  ct 2
Sol.7 A,B

2(cos – cos) + cos. cos = 1 tan
2
2cos + coscos – 2cos = 1  
t 2 c  3a  4bt  c  3a  0

cos(2 + cos) = 1 + 2cos tan
2
 2  
 1  tan 2   
1  2  tan  tan
 1  tan2    B
tan  2 2
1  2 cos   2 
cos =   2  1  tan  tan 
2  cos   2 2
1  tan2
2 2
2 
1  tan 4b
2  2  2

1  tan 1  tan  2  2 tan2 c  3a 
2  2 2  1 4b
tan  
2  2  2 
1  tan
2
2  2 tan
2
 1  tan
2
6
1
c  3a 3 2 3a

c  3a
 
1  tan2 3  tan2
2  2 b 1
   = 0.5
1  tan2 3  tan2 a 2
2 2

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