0

G12

HUMSS

Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship

QUARTER 4: WEEK 6

Capsulized Self-Learning
Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 1

CapSLET
Community engagement,
solidarity, and citizenship
Subject &
CESC-12 QUARTER 4 WEEK 6 DAY
Grade Level dd/mm/yyyy
Methodologies and Approaches of Community Actions and Involvements
Across Disciplines
CONTENT
&
Presenting a Developed Community Action Plan
MOST ESSENTIAL Plan using participatory approaches.
LEARNING
COMPETENCY (HUMSS_CSC12-IVa-d-19)

IMPORTANT: Do not write on this material. Write your answers on separate sheets of clean
papers.

KNOW AND UNDERSTAND

CONTENT STANDARD:
The learner demonstrates understanding of the integration of social science
perspective and community action initiatives.
CHECKPOINT: How does one create a community action plan using participatory approaches?
PLAN USING PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES

Community Leadership

Community leadership is described as less hierarchical and often based on

involuntary actions serving as an instrument for change. There are instances when
community leaders are not formally elected. They are envisioned to introduce
innovations in the community offering solutions to social problems.

The Leadership Community Theory stresses that “leadership should be seen

not only as positions and authority, but also as an emergent, interactive dynamic.” The
theory cites three types of leadership.

Administrative leadership is hierarchical and controlling.

Enabling leadership encourages creative problem solving, learning, and
adaptability.
Adapting leadership is a dynamic that empowers change. This is a way of
dealing with problems that require learning new behaviour and innovation.

In a study of communities by Onyx and Leonard (2011), seven elements of

successful community leadership are identified.
Leaders are involved in the formal and informal networks of the community.
Leaders engage others in their activities and projects.
Leaders have a vision for the community’s futures.
Leaders possess practical management skills.
Leaders carefully plan who will be their successors.
Leaders have commitments, persistence, and energy.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 2

One of the roles of the leaders is to guide their members to work collaboratively
with their plans and reflect on the appropriate approaches to apply to ensure the
success of the community.

Participatory Action

Participatory action, in relation to the definition in research, is an approach that

user’s different means to address issues identified by a community. In other words, a
participatory approach is one in which everyone who has a stake in the intervention
has a voice, either in person or by representation. It allows for new ways of working,
interacting, and knowing for the improvement of a community’s practice.

The use of that term implies not just that you will ask for someone's opinion
before you do what you were going to do anyway, but rather that each participant
becomes an important contributor to the planning process.

A true participatory approach is one in which everyone's perspective is

considered. That does not mean that people cannot challenge others' assumptions or
argue about what the best strategy might be. It does mean, however, that everyone's
thoughts are respected, and it is not necessarily assumed that the professionals or the
well -educated automatically know what is best. Everyone actually gets to participate
in the planning process and has some role in decision-making.

Five Characteristics of Participatory Action

Participatory – The community maintains control over the process of dealing

with issues.
Defined by a Need for Action – The community initiates the project that will
address the issues and this action is guided by a goal.
Useful and Meaningful – The members of the community are provided with the
opportunity to analyse situations and develop solutions.
Reflexives – The members reflect on the activities executed regularly and
determine the benefits and purposes of the projects.
Flexible and Interactive – Throughout the process, action plans may be
modified depending on the needs of the community.

Advantages of Participatory Planning Approach

Participation carries with its feelings of ownership and builds a strong base for
the intervention in the community.
It ensures that the intervention will have more credibility in all segments of the
community because it was planned by a group representing all segments of the
community.
A participatory planning approach avoids pitfalls caused by ignorance of the
realities of the community or the target population.
It teaches skills which last far beyond the planning process and can help to
improve the community over the long term.
It can bring together and establish ties among community members who might
normally have no contact.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 3

Disadvantages of Participatory Planning Approach

A participatory process takes longer.
Members of the target population or the community may not agree with the
"experts " about what is needed.
Education may be needed, for community members and the organization.
One determined individual can wreck the whole process if he is not handled
well.
It may be difficult to assure that all the right people get to the table.
A participatory planning process takes patience and commitment on everyone's
part.

Levels of Participatory Planning

Information - The least you can do is tell people what is planned.
Consultation - You offer a number of options and listen to the feedback you
get.
Deciding together - You encourage others to provide some additional ideas
and options and join in deciding the best way forward.
Acting together - Not only do different interests decide together what is best,
but they form a partnership to carry it out.
Supporting independent community initiatives - You help others do what
they want - perhaps within a framework of grants, advice and support provided
by the resource holder.

Each of these levels may be appropriate in different circumstances, or with

different groups, although only at "deciding together" and above do they really begin to
be fully participatory in the sense that the term is used in this section.

When is Participatory Planning Appropriate?

Information-only may be appropriate when:

The course of action has already been decided - by a funder, for instance.
You are simply reporting on something that is already in progress.
You are keeping people informed so that they will have the information to be
part of a participatory effort later.

Consultation-only may be appropriate when:

You want to evaluate or improve existing services.
There are limited options, and you are trying to choose among them.
There are technical reasons - again, perhaps because of a funder - why only
certain people or groups can be officially involved in the planning process.

Deciding together may be appropriate when:

It is important that everyone feel ownership of the plan.
You want fresh ideas from as many sources as possible.
You can pull in people whom the intervention will directly affect.
There is a commitment to provide support through the process for those who
need it.
There is enough time.

Acting together may be appropriate when:

The intervention will be more effective than if it were run by a single entity.
There is a funder's requirement for community oversight.
There is commitment to the development of a real partnership.
Everyone benefits from acting together.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 4

One goal of the intervention is the eventual assumption of leadership or the

learning of leadership skills by the target population and/or others in the
community.

Supporting local initiatives may be appropriate when:

There is a commitment to community empowerment.
The community has the desire and at least some of the tools to start and run a
successful intervention.
There is a commitment to provide training and support where needed.
Your organization can only provide support or can only run an intervention for a
short time.

Framework for Participatory Action

Forming a
Planning and Understanding
collaborative Group Learning
action the Experience
group

Example: Issue of trash dumped in one area of a community.

Gather
Invite members
Collaborative and Implement actions perspectives about
who would like to
formulate plans to and reflect on their the actions made
participate in
address the issue. effectiveness. and recognize the
solving the issue.
group’s effort.

Types of Social Action

1. The Rational Orientation to a System of Discrete Individual (Rational

Purposeful Action)
It means that for the achievement of individual objective, the logic of
cause and effect is applied. Without a cause, an aim cannot be attained.

2. The Rational Orientation to an Absolute Value (Value Rational Action)

Action is done for the pursuit of a value of highest dignity.
Service of humanity is general value.
Social Action for such also requires logical performance.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 5

3. The Effectual Orientation (Affective Action)

Here the feelings of the people are considered.
It is done according to the feelings of an effect upon the actor.

4. Traditionally Oriented Action: In such Action (Traditional Action)

The established pattern of behaviour in terms of customs, rituals,
conventions, and beliefs are adopted.
Cultural values play important roles because they are diverted towards
such value.

Examples of Situation of Social Action

1. When the passengers collectively push the bus to get it started.

2. The people behind a dam around a village to save it from floods.
3. You help a needy student in his studies.
4. A teacher teaching his/her students in class.
5. The farmers help one another in farming.

COMMUNITY PROFILE

It is a data sheet that records information on a broad range of factors (such as

environmental/natural features and management, socio-demographic characteristics,
political and economic structures, local institutions, economic activities and livelihoods,
basic household and community facilities, and social organization).

A community profile is a basic understanding of a community as a whole,

information on particular areas of interest (such as which local institutions might be
important for household livelihood strategies and need to be investigated in more
depth).

STEPS TO DEVELOP COMMUNITY PROFILE

Check if someone
Get to know
Define the Find out relevant already collated
more about the
community. information. the information
local.
needed.

Decide the community you want to find about.

Decide what it is that you want to know then work out how you can find it out.
Find out if there is already an up-to-date information about the chosen
community.
Before you start working through the sources, check if someone else has
already collated the information you will need to fill the gaps in your knowledge.
This will not only save you time and resources, but it should also help you to
develop partnerships.
You may find it necessary to use more than one source of data in order to
“complete the picture”.
You might find that some of the data is too detailed or is irrelevant to your needs
so ultimately, you may choose not to include it in your profile.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 6

Guide for the Worksheet

Natural Resources: What principal natural resources are available to the

community? Who uses them and how? Where are the resources located?

Livelihood: What different activities do households use to support their

livelihoods? Who is involved in these livelihood activities (differentiated by social
and economic group)? How many people and households depend on these
activities? When and where do these activities take place?

Community Structure: How many people and households live in the

community? What is the gender composition and age structure of the
community? What are the different social, economic, ethnic, and cultural
groups? How are those groups defined? Where do different social, economic,
ethnic, and cultural groups live?

Local Organizations and Associations: What are the formal organizations

and associations? What are the rules, regulations, and customs? Who is
affected by them and how?

Community Infrastructure: What services are available in the community

(transport, power/water supply, markets, agricultural extension, health,
education, and so on)? Who has access to these services? How expensive are
the user fees?

Community History: How long has the community been in existence and how
was it founded? When did different social, economic, ethnic, and cultural groups
settle in the community? How has the community changed over time and what
has caused those changes?

SAQ1: How does a community action plan contribute to community development?

SAQ2: What are the advantages and disadvanatages of Participatory Plan

Approaches?

SAQ3: In general, how do you come up with a plan using participatory approaches?

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 7

Learner’s Name: _________________________________________ Date: ____________

Grade/ Section: ____________________________________________________________
Name of Adviser: ___________________________________________________________
School: ____________________________________________________________________

BE ABLE TO DO
Plan using participatory approaches.

Let’s Practice!

Activity 1: GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

(Individual Activity)

Directions:
List down 5 issues in your community. Then, rank the issues based on which
you would like to be addressed first by your community leaders.

Issues that need to be addressed Rank

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Let’s Practice PaMore!

Activity 2: ESSAY
(Individual Activity)

Directions:
The FOUR (4) types of social action are: Rational Purposeful Action, Value
Rational Action, Affective Action, and Traditional Action. Out of the FOUR (4) types of
social action, which of it will you give emphasis on in engaging yourself in the
community? Moreover, as youth of today so active, vibrant, and full ideas, in what ways
can you assist your own community to act socially for the benefits of others? Justify
your answer. (20 points)

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__________________________________________________________________________

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 8

Let’s Practice EVEN More!

Activity 3: COMMUNITY PROFILE PAPER

(Individual Activity)

Directions:
Present a Developed Community Action Plan or a Community Profile Paper. Use
the Community Profile Grading Rubric as your guide and present the paper through a
narrative report format. (20 points)

Rubric for Community Profile Grading:

CRITERIA FOR THE PROFILE PAPER EVALUATION
Appropriate use of organization:
Your profile will cover many aspects of the community. It
will be important to maintain a sense of organization as you
move from an introduction to your community, people
perspectives of your community, and issues confronting your
community.
Interesting Content:
It is a common strategy to begin a profile with an attention-
getting introduction.
Introduction and Explanation of Key Issues within the
Community:
As part of this, assignment is bent towards helping you
come up with a topic that needs assessment. Identifying
controversies or challenges your community is facing will be
one of the key features of your profile. Issues should be
adequately explained so someone, not from your community,
can understand them.
Demonstrate the ability to incorporate primary sources in
a coherent manner:
Use proper lead-ins, a mix of paraphrase and direct
quotations, cite page numbers and authors, and include works
in cited section. Make sure web or print-based sources are
reliable.

5 Excellent document in all key aspects – some slight room for improvement
4 Good; some aspects of the analysis might be excellent; others will be good.
Room for improvement.
3 Acceptable completion of the paper. No major problems, but room for
improvement.
2 A major aspect of the paper has not been completed. Elements of the paper
might be quite good, but with unsatisfactory completion of certain elements.
1 Incomplete paper because page length was not met, not completed.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 9

REMEMBER
Key Points

The Leadership Community Theory stresses that “leadership should be seen

not only as positions and authority, but also as an emergent, interactive
dynamic.”
One of the roles of the leaders is to guide their members to work collaboratively
with their plans and reflect on the appropriate approaches to apply to ensure the
success of the community.
There are five characteristics of Participatory Action.
There are times when a participatory approach to a community issue is
appropriate depending on the planning approaches.

TRY
Let’s see how much you have learned today!

A. EXERCISES.

From the FIVE (5) issues that you have in your barangay that you have listed and
ranked in the Activity 1. Choose the top THREE (3). Device a suggested course of
action in solving each of the issues that you have in your barangay. You may use a
smart art organizer for each issue. Consider the questions below.

1. Who will be the people involved? How are you going to make them involved?
2. How are you going to plan and formulate solutions to these issues?
3. How do you plan to implement these actions?
4. How are you going to make use of the levels of participatory planning in these
actions?
5. What do you think may be the advantages and disadvantages of each plans?

B. REFLECTION

Directions: Answer the question below briefly.

Do you think community participatory approaches are helpful in solving issues in the
community? Justify your answer.

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____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 10

BOOK:
Alston, P. (2008). Promotion and Protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social,
and cultural rights, including the rights to development. United Nation General Assembly.
Retrieved from https://issuu.com/ph2016/docs/2008_alston_report_mission_to_the_p

ELECTRONIC SOURCES:
REFERENCES
https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/where-to-start/participatory-
approaches/main
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
https://www.academia.edu/36784153/_1_Community_Engagement_Solidarity_and_Citizenship_CSC_Compendium_
of_Appendices_for_DLPs_Class_F

JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN

WRITER SST-I
TALON-TALON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School
 11

CapSLET
Community Engagement,
Solidarity, and citizenship

Subject &
CESC-12 QUARTER 4 WEEK 6 DAY
Grade Level dd/mm/yyyy
Methodologies and Approaches of Community Actions and Involvements
Across Disciplines
CONTENT
&
Presenting a Developed Community Action Plan
MOST ESSENTIAL Plan using participatory approaches.
LEARNING
COMPETENCY (HUMSS_CSC12-IVa-d-19)
ANSWER KEYS
Let’s Practice!

Activity 1: GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

Home – Based LoT (Individual Activity)

Answers: Student’s analysis may vary based on their community.

Let’s Practice PaMORE!

Activity 2: ESSAY
Home – Based LoT (Individual Activity)

Answers: Student’s analysis may vary based on their community.

Let’s Practice EVEN MORE!

Activity 3: COMMUNITY PROFILE PAPER

Home – Based LoT (Individual Activity)

Answers: Student’s analysis may vary based on their community.

TRY
Answers:
EXERCISES & REFLECTION
Student’s analysis may vary based on their community.

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Prepared by: JULIUS CAEZAR T. ONTOLAN / Secondary School Teacher - I
Talon-Talon National High School