Chapter 13.

Motion and Time

Very Short Q&A:

Q1: The basic unit of speed is

a. Km/ min
b. m/ min
c. Km/ sec
d. m/ sec

Ans: m/ sec

Q2: A faster moving object covers more distance in _________ time.

Ans: less

Q3: Speed = Distance/ Time. True/ False

Ans: True

Q4: What is the SI unit of distance?

Ans: Meter

Q5: Name an object that shows oscillatory motion.

Ans: Pendulum

Q6: What is the motion of our hands while running?

Ans: oscillatory motion

Q7: What is the motion of a child in a merry-go-round?

Ans: straight line motion

Q8: The time period of a given pendulum is not constant.True/ False

Ans: False

Q9: What is motion?

Ans: Motion is a change in the position of an object with time.

Q10: What is circular motion?

Ans: Motion of an object in a circular path is called circular motion e.g. Motion of the hands
of a clock.

Q11: If the speed of an object keeps changing in equal interval of time, while moving along
a straight line, its motion is said to be ___________________.

Ans: Non-uniform

Q12: The to and fro motion of an object from the position of rest is called
a___________________.

Ans: Oscillatory motion.

Q13: One complete to and fro motion of a pendulum from rest position is called
one______________.

Ans: One oscillation

Q14: Give an example of vibratory motion.

Ans: Simple Pendulum

Q15: Name the device on vehicles to track the distance covered.

Ans: An odometer

Q16: The basic unit of time is _________.

Ans: Second

Q17: Define average speed.

Ans: The average speed of a moving object is defined as the total distance covered by it

divided by the total time taken.

Q18: What do you mean by the statement; “car is moving with the speed of 50 Km per
hour”?
Ans: Car is moving with the speed of 50 Km per hour it means it will cover a distance of 50
Km in one hour.

Q19: Define uniform motion.

Ans: Objects that move in a straight line and maintain the same speed throughout the
distance covered are said to be in uniform motion.

Q20: Define non- uniform motion.

Ans: Objects that move in straight line and whose speed varies are said to be in non-
uniform motion.

Q21: The metallic ball in pendulum is called __________ of the pendulum.

Ans: Bob

Q22: Give an example of oscillatory motion.

Ans: To and fro motion of a simple pendulum

Q23: The symbol of all units is written in _________________.

Ans: Singular

Q24: ________________motion may be along a straight line or along a curved path.

Ans: Translatory motion

Q25: Motion along a curved path is called _______________.

Ans: curvilinear motion

Q26: Name the device used to measure speed.

Ans: speedometer

Q27: What type of graph is used to represent motion of an object?

Ans: distance-time graph

Q28: For a body in non-uniform motion, the graph is not a straight line. True/ False.

Ans: True
Q29: The working of a pendulum clock is based on the __________________ of its
pendulum.

Ans: time period

Q30: Motion of the hammer of an electric bell is ___________________ motion.

Ans: Oscillatory motion

Short Q&A:

Q1: What are the points that should be kept in mind while choosing scale for drawing
graph?

Ans: The following points should be kept in mind while choosing most suitable scale for
drawing a graph

The difference between the highest and the lowest values of each quantity.
The intermediate values of each quantity to mark the values on the graph.
To utilize the maximum part of the paper on which graph is to be drawn.

Q2: What is the advantage of a distance- time graph?

Ans: Distance-time graphs gives information about the nature of the motion of an object
like uniform or uniform motion. Motion of an object can be represented by its distance-time
graphs.

Q3: Differentiate between distance and displacement.

Ans: The distance covered by a moving object is the actual length of the path followed by
the object is called. Distance is a scalar quantity. SI unit of distance is meter. But
Displacement is the shortest distance covered by a moving object from the point of
reference (initial position of the body), in a specified direction.

Q4: Differentiate between uniform speed and average speed.

Ans: An object is said to be moving with uniform speed if it covers equal distances in equal
intervals of time. But when we travel in a vehicle the speed of the vehicle changes from
time to time depending upon the conditions existing on the road. In such a situation, the
speed is calculated by taking the ratio of the total distance travelled by the vehicle to the
total time taken for the journey. This is called the average speed.
Q5: What do you mean by non-uniform speed?

Ans: An object is said to be moving with variable speed or non-uniform speed if it covers
equal distances in unequal intervals of time or vice-versa.

Q6: What do you mean by instantaneous speed?

Ans: When we say that the car travels at an average speed of 60 km/h it does not mean
that the car would be moving with the speed of 60 km/h throughout the journey. The
actual speed of the car may be less than or greater than the average speed at a particular
instant of time. The speed of a moving body at any particular instant of time is called
instantaneous speed.

Q7: A child is on see-saw, what kind of motion he have and why? Explain.

Ans: On a see-saw child goes up and comes down from mean position and repeats itself
.So there is oscillatory motion.

Q8: Explain how in ancient time a day, a month and a year were measured.

Ans: In ancient time the time between one sunrise and the next was called a day. A month
was measured from one new moon to the next and a year was fixed as the time taken by
the earth to complete one revolution of the sun.

Q9: Define velocity along with its unit.

Ans: Velocity can be defined as the rate of change of displacement.SI unit of velocity is
m/s (meter/second Velocity is a vector quantity.

Q10: What are quartz clocks?

Ans: It is a special type of clock or watch which have an electric circuit with one or more
cells are called quartz clocks.

Q11: How do we know an object is moving faster compared to the speed of another
object?

Ans: By finding the distance travel by a moving body in unit time 1 hr. or 1 sec we know
the speed of an object that help us to know which one is moving faster i.e. having greater
speed.

Q12: A simple pendulum takes 15 seconds to complete 5 oscillations. What is the time
period of pendulum?
Ans:

The time taken by pendulum to complete 1 oscillation is called time period

The time taken by pendulum to complete 5 oscillation = 15sec
The time taken by pendulum to complete 1 oscillation = 15/5= 3 sec
So time period = 3 sec

Q13: If a car is moving with a speed of 5Km/h on highway then find the distance travelled
by the car in 4 hours?

Ans:

We know distance travelled by a body = speed X time

So, distance travelled by the car =5x4=20 km

Q14: Sumit covers a distance of 2.4 Km from his house to reach her college on a scooter.
If the scooter has a speed of 6m/sec, calculate
the time taken by her to reach the college.

Ans:

Total distance travelled =2.4km=2.4x1000m=2400m. Speed is 6m/sec

as time = (Distance/speed) time=2400/6= 400sec.

Q15: How can you say that motion and rest are relative?

Ans: We have observed that the position of stars and planets change while you remain
stationary. In reality the earth is moving too. Thus, an object which appears to be at rest,
may actually be in motion. Therefore, motion and rest are relative terms.

Q16: Differentiate between circular motion and periodic motion.

Ans: Motion of an object in a circular path is called circular motion eg. Motion of the hands
of a clock. But when an object repeats its motion after some time. This type of motion is
called periodic motion. E.g. Motion of a pendulum, motion of a child on a swing, motion of
the strings of a guitar.

Q17: Give an example when objects undergo combinations of different types of motion?

Ans: The motion of a ball on the ground. Here the ball is rolling on the ground and rotating
as well as moving forward on the ground. Thus, the ball undergoes a rectilinear motion as
well as rotational motion.

Q18: What is simple pendulum?

Ans: A simple pendulum consists of a small metallic ball or a piece of stone suspended
from a rigid stand by a thread .The metallic ball is called the bob of the pendulum.

Q19: What is oscillation of a pendulum?

Ans: One complete to and fro motion of a pendulum from rest position is called one
oscillation. The time taken by the pendulum to complete one oscillation is called its time
period. It is only depending on the length of the string of pendulum.

Q20: State different types of motion?

Ans: Following are different types of motion:

Translatory Motion: - In Translatory motion the particle moves from one point in
space to another. This motion may be along a straight line or along a curved path.
Rectilinear motion : Motion along a straight line is called rectilinear motion. Example:
A car moving on a straight road
Curvilinear motion: Motion along a curved path is called curvilinear motion. Example:
A car negotiating a curve
Rotatory Motion : In rotatory motion, the particles of the body describe concentric
circles about the axis of motion
Vibratory Motion: In vibratory motion the particles move to and fro about a fixed
point.

Q21: What do you mean by time?

Ans: The interval between two events is called time. Example: The time between one
sunrise and the next was called a day. Clocks or watches are the most common time
measuring devices. The basic unit of time is a second. Its symbol is s. Larger units of time
are minutes (min) and hours (h).

Q22: Explain how we can plot a graph.

Ans: To plot a graph on a graph sheet:

Take a graph paper. At the centre of the paper, draw two lines perpendicular to each other
Mark the point of intersection of the lines as ‘O. The horizontal line is called the X-axis,
while the vertical line is called the Y-axis. The point of intersection of the two axes is called
the origin, "O". Take one quantity along the X-axis and the other along the Y-axis, after
choosing suitable scales for both. For every value along one axis, mark a point matching
the related value on the other axis. Join the points, and your graph is ready.

Q23: A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the time period of
the pendulum?

Ans: Time taken to complete 20 oscillations = 32 s

Time period of the pendulum = No of oscillations/Total Time taken = 32/20 s = 1.6s

Q24: The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the time 08:30 AM.
What is the distance moved by the car, if at
08:50 AM, the odometer reading has changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the speed of the
car in km/min during this time. Express the speed in km/h also.

Ans:

Initial reading of car odometer= 57321.0 km

Final reading of car odometer= 57336.0 km
Time at the time of Initial reading= 08:30 AM
Time at the time of Initial reading= 08:50 AM
Distance travelled by the car = 57336.0 km - 57321.0 km
= 15 Km
Time taken by the car to cover distance = 08:50 AM -08:30 AM
= 20 m
Speed of the car in Km/m = 15 km/20m
= .75 Km/m
Speed of the car in Km/h = 15 km/20m X 60
= 45 Km/h

Q25: Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle. If the
bicycle has a speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance
between her house and the school.

Ans:

Distance between her school and house = speed of bicycle X Time taken
= 2m/s × 60s= 1800m
Q26: The distance between two stations is 300 km. A train takes 6 hours to cover this
distance. Calculate the speed of the train.

Ans:

The distance between two stations = 300 km

Time taken by the train to cover that distance = 6 hours
Speed of the train = 300/6 Km/h =50 km/h

Q27: Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the following cases
when a car is moving with a constant speed.

Ans:

Q28: Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion when a car parked on a
side road.

Ans:

Q29: Look at the graph below of two vehicles A and B, which one of them is moving faster.
Ans: The vehicle A is moving faster as distance represented by vertical axis of A is more as

compare to B for a given point of time.

Q30: A car moves with a speed of 40 km/h for 5 minutes and then with a speed of 60
km/h for the next 5 minutes. The total distance
covered by the car is:

Ans:

Distance covered by the car with a speed

of 40 km/h in 15 minutes = Speed X Time
= (40 Km/h /60 minute) X 15 minute
Distance covered by the car with a speed
of 40 km/h in 15 minutes = Speed X Time
= (60 Km/h /60 minute) X 15 minute
= 15 Km
Total distance covered by the car =(10 + 15 )km = 25 Km

Long Q&A:

Q1: Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory motion:

Motion of our hands while running

 Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road.
Motion of a kid in a merry-go-round.
Motion of a child on a see-saw.
Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.
Motion of a train on a straight bridge

Ans:

Motion of our hands while running. : - oscillatory motion

Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road. :- straight line motion
Motion of a kid in a merry-go-round. : - straight line motion
Motion of a child on a see-saw. : - oscillatory motion
Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.- oscillatory motion
Motion of a train on a straight bridge : - straight line motion