Psychology Assessment

LESSON 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations

Early Antecedents Study of Mental Deficiency and Psychological Testing in
CHINESE CIVILZATION
Test and testing programs first came into China as early as
Intelligence Testing the Philippines
2200BC James Mckeen Cattell Virgilio Enriques
The purpose is in the means of selecting who, of many Coined the term mental test Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP)
applicants would obtain government job ' Jean Esquirol Aurora R. Placio
GREEK CIVILIZATION Provided the first accurate description of mental Panukat ng Katalinuhang Pilipino (PKP)
Test were used to measure intelligence and physical skills. retardation and entity separate from insanity Anadaisy Carlota
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES Alfred Binet Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP)
These universities relied on formal exams in conferring Father of IQ testing Gregorio E.H. Del Pilar
degrees and honors. Lewis Terman Masaklaw ng Panukat ng Look or Mapa ng Loob
Introduced the concept of IQ as determined by the Alfredo Lagmay
mental age and chronological age Philippine Thematic Apperception Test (PTAT)
Individual Differences Edouard Seguin
Pioneered modern educational methods for teaching
Charles Darwin people who are mentally retarded/intellectually disabled Issues
Believed that despite similiraties, no two human are exactly
alike. Charles Spearman Verbal Communication
Some are more adaptive than others and these differences Built the mathematical framework for the statistical The examiner and the examine must speak the
lead to more complex, intelligence organism over time. technique of factor analysis same language
Introduced the two-factor theory Non-verbal Communication
Francis Galton Louis Leon Thrustone
Established the testing movement and Behavior
Primary mental abilities Facial expressions, finger and hand signs, and
Pioneered the application of rating-scale and
questionnaire method. David Weschler shifts in one's position in space may convey
Weschler Intelligence Test (WICS, WAIS) messages
Pioneered the use of statistical concept central to Raymond Cattell
psychological experimentation and testing; coefficient of
correlation Introduced the components of g (fluid and crystallized)
J.P Gullford
Thoerized the many factor analysis theory
Early Experimental Psychologists Vermon Carroll
Introduced the hierarchical approach "g"
Johan Friedrich Herbart Robert Sternberg
Father of pedagogy as an academic, discipline Introduced the 3g's
Went against Wundt Academic, practical, creative
Wilhelm Wundt Howard Gardner
Founded the first psychological laboratory at the University Conceptualized the multiple intelligence theory
of Leipzig in Germany (1872)
Focused on how people are similar
Edward Titchner
World War I
Succeeded Wundt Robert Yerkes
Pioneered the first group intelligence known as
Bought structuralism in America the Army Alpha (literate) and Army Beta (illiterate)
Louis Leon Thrustone
Large contributor of factor analysis
Arthur Otis
Law of comparative judgement Introduced multiple choice and other "objective"
item type of tests
Robert Woodworth
Students of Wilhelm Wundt Devised the Personal Data Sheet (known as the first
Victor Henri personality test) which aimed to identify soldiers
who are at risk for shell shock
Suggest how mental test could be used to measure higher
mental process Herman Rorschach
Collaborated with Alfred Binet Slow rise of projective testing: Rorschach Inkblot Test
Emil Kraepelin Henry Murray & Christian Morgan
Word association techniques as a formal test Thematic Apperception Test
Lightner Witner Raymond Cattell
Succeeded Cattell as a director of psychology laboratory at 16 Personality Factors
University of Pennsylvania McCrae & Costa
Little known founder of clinical psychology Big 5 Personality Factors