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Notes On Classification of Animals Andplants and Soil - 020637

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16 views4 pages

Notes On Classification of Animals Andplants and Soil - 020637

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mfulanoreen8
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CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Classification:
Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar
structures and functions.
Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

1. Identify various types of plants.

Ans: Types of plants: Chlorophytes (green algae), they are autotrophies.


These organisms are largely aquatic or marine and have chlorophyll. They
have a simple body form called thallus. With little or no cell differentiating.
Bryophytes: These are the simplest forms of plants. they are tiny and
green in color. They usually grow on damp surfaces of walls and bark of
trees. They are, autotrophies, reproduce by spore formation, have no
vascular system, anchored by rhizoids.
Pteridophytes: this is a group of plants larger in size than the mosses
liverworts. These have well developed roots, stems and leaves. They
reproduce by spore formation.
Spermatophytes: these are seed bearing plants. These includes herbs like
grasses, shrubs, mango plants and guavas etc.
They are divided into two:
Angiosperms: these are plants that bear flowers. Examples includes, maize
plants and other flowering plants.
Gymnosperms: they are plants that bear spores called cones. they are also
called conifers. This is because they bear cones.
Coniferous plants (pine trees) have needle like shaped leaves with a thick
waxy cuticle, seeds enclosed in cones and not fruits

2. Identify various types of animals.

Ans; Types of mammals.eg giraffes, human beings.


Athropods eg crabs cockroaches, locusts, ticks and spiders. Have an
exoskeleton made of chitin, segmented body with jointed legs and wings,
have compound eyes. Amphibians eg frogs, toads and salamanders. Live
on water and land and limited to damp areas. Need water to reproduce.
Reptiles eg snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles and tortoises. Lay eggs, their
bodies covered with dry scales. Birds, internal fertilization, lay eggs, have a
strong, light skeleton that allows flight with wings. Bodies covered with
feathers and scales feet. Protozoans differ in shape, size, how they feed
and move. They are classified in four groups. Amoeba, ciliates, flagellates
and protozoans.

3. Formulate a simple key for classification of plants and animals.

Ans: Simple key for classification is known as Dichotomous keys. It involves


a series of linked steps involving a choice between two features. It is a tool
used by biologists to identify an unknown organism
It is simply a series of paired statements of anatomical description that
leads to an identification

4. Use a simple classification key to identify plants and animals.

Dichotomous key for identification of animals


1. a) animal has a spine…………………..go to 2
b) animal has no spine………..…invertebrate
2. a) animal has no gills and fins……..…. go to 3
b) animal has gills and fins…………….. Fish
3. a) animal has no scales…………..........go to 4
b) animal has scales………………..….reptile
4. a) animal has feathers …………………..bird
b) animal has no feathers ……………..go to 5
5. a) animal has hair…………………….mammal
b) animal has no hair………………..amphibian

Dichotomous key for identification of plants

1a Fruits occur singly ....................................................... Go to 3


1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ......................... Go to 2
2a Fruits are round ....................................................... Grapes
2b Fruits are elongate ................................................... Bananas
3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .............Oranges
3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4
4a More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples
4b One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5
5a Skin covered with velvety hairs .................... Peaches
5b Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums

THE SOIL

1. Demonstrate soil composition.


Ans: Soil composition: a typical soil comprises two main constituents (i)
Organic materials: these are soil organisms and humus which is formed
from plant and animal remains.
(ii) Inorganic materials: these include mineral particles, water, air and
dissolved mineral salts.

2. Describe the types of soil and their properties.


Ans:Types and Properties of soil: types; Clay, Loam and sand soils .A soil
sample is classified in terms of the size of its mineral particles. The size of
these particles determine the contents and properties of a soil sample.
The main types of soil include;
I. Sandy soil; this is a soil that contains more than 70% sand and less
than 20% clay. It is course in texture with particles between 0.002 mm and
2mm in diameter
Properties
▪ It forms large air spaces which make water to drain fast
▪ It has poor capillarity
▪ It was poor water retention
▪ It is alkaline in nature.
II. clay soil; The particles that make up clay are the finest and bind very
well.
Properties
 It has very small spaces between them and holds very little air.
 In clay soil, water drains slowly
 It has good capillarity and retains moisture
 It is acidic in nature
III. Loamy soil; it contains 40-70% sandy and 20-40% clay soils. The
particles in loamy soil are smaller than sandy soil.
Properties
 It has good aeration and drainage
 It has good mineral and water retention
 It has high humus content giving it a good crumb structure
 The PH of loamy soil is around neutral.
 It is good for agriculture.

3. Describe factors that make soil fertile.

Ans: Factors that make soil fertile:


Air
microorganisms
moisture
mineral elements
organic matter
pH

4. Investigate causes of loss of fertility in soil.

Ans:Causes of loss of fertility in soil: Deforestation, poor farming methods,


late burning, overgrazing, leaching, harvesting

5. Explain methods of improving and retaining soil fertility.

Ans:Methods of improving and retaining soil fertility: Suitable pH,


weeding, application of fertiliser, crop rotation, conservation farming

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