UNIT 4

THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION

Nguyen Thuy Duong, MA.

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 WARMING UP

Discuss the following questions with a partner.

1. What are the students doing in the picture above?
2. How do you think classrooms have changed in the last
50 years?
3. How do you think technology affects the way we study
or learn?

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 WARMING UP (cont.)

Suggested Answers
1. (clockwise from top left) listening to the teacher/
reading from the blackboard (1950s); taking notes from a
computer screen (1980s); using laptops (present day);
using an interactive white board (present day)
2. Technology is used more in classrooms; teachers and
students interact more while learning; students move
around the class more instead of staying at their desk.
3. Core information is available to students; they control
more of the learning process.

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 OBJECTIVES

After this lesson, students will be able to:

• Recognize the written form and meaning of root words ven/vent.
• Recognize the written form and meaning of suffix –ism.
• Argue For and Against a Topic.
• Identify Meaning from Context.
• Develop reading skills through comprehension of the reading texts.

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 OVERVIEW

4.1 Vocabulary focus

4.2 Skills focus

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 4.1. VOCABULARY FOCUS

4.1.1. The Root Word ven/vent 4.1.2. The Suffix -ism

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 4.1.1. THE ROOT WORD ven/vent

In this chapter you read the adverb conventional, meaning usual or traditional. The noun form convention
means a large meeting of people. Both words include the root word ven (sometimes also written as vent)
meaning to come. For example, when you invent something, you come upon it for the first time, whereas a
venue is a place to which people come, often for an event.

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 4.1.1. THE ROOT WORD ven/vent (cont.)

Practice 1: Look at the following words containing ven/vent. Write the part of speech and a simple
definition. You may use a dictionary to help you.

Vocabulary Part of Speech Definition

Conventional adjective Usual or traditional

Intervene

Avenue

Revenue

Prevention

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 4.1.1. THE ROOT WORD ven/vent (cont.)

Answer

Vocabulary Part of Speech Definition

Conventional adjective Usual or traditional
Intervene verb Become involved with/ interrupt something
Avenue noun A path or a road
Revenue noun Income/ money coming in
Prevention noun Stopping something from happening

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 4.1.1. THE ROOT WORD ven/vent (cont.)

Practice 2: Complete the following sentences using words from the chart in Practice 1. You might have
to change the form of the word.

1. A common saying is that “________ is better than cure." For example, it's better to keep healthy by
exercising and eating well than to constantly visit the doctor.
2. Before Carl could hit Scott, Brett _________ and stopped the fight.
3. Thanks to a great sales team, the company has almost doubled its _______ this year.
4. If you walk up that _________, you'll be able to see his house.

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 4.1.1. THE ROOT WORD ven/vent (cont.)

Answers
1. A common saying is that “prevention is better than cure." For example, it's better to keep healthy by
exercising and eating well than to constantly visit the doctor.
2. Before Carl could hit Scott, Brett intervened and stopped the fight.
3. Thanks to a great sales team, the company has almost doubled its revenue this year.
4. If you walk up that avenue , you'll be able to see his house.

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 4.1.2. THE SUFFIX -ism

In-this chapter you learned the word plagiarism, which ends with the suffix -ism. The suffix -ism can indicate an
action or process (e.g. plagiarism) or a state or condition (e.g. optimism). It can also be used to refer to a
religious or political movement, or to indicate opposition to or intolerance of something (e.g. ageism means to
discriminate against certain age groups, usually older people).

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 4.1.2. THE SUFFIX –ism (cont.)

Practice 3: Write the -ism forms of the following root words. Then discuss the meanings of each word
with a partner. Use a dictionary to help you.

Word or Root -ism form

Patriot

Buddha

Vegetarian

Race

Alcohol

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 4.1.2. THE SUFFIX –ism (cont.)

Answers

Word or Root -ism form

Patriot Patriotism

Buddha Buddhism

Vegetarian Vegetarianism

Race Racism

Alcohol Alcoholism

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 4.1.2. THE SUFFIX –ism (cont.)

Practice 4: Complete the following sentences with a word ending in -ism from Practice 1.

1. Hanging a national flag outside your house is one way to show your ________.
2. I practice ________ because I don't believe in killing and eating animals.
3. ________ occurs when people judge others by the color of their skin.
4. ________ is a religion that is mainly practised in Asia.

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 4.1.2. THE SUFFIX –ism (cont.)

Answers
1. Hanging a national flag outside your house is one way to show your patriotism.
2. I practice vegetarianism because I don't believe in killing and eating animals.
3. Racism occurs when people judge others by the color of their skin.
4. Buddhism is a religion that is mainly practised in Asia.

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 4.2. SKILL FOCUS

4.2.1. Arguing For and 4.2.2. Identifying Meaning

Against a Topic from Context

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Many reading passages present two sides of an argument-one argues for the topic, presenting its strengths or
its advantages; the other argues against it and presents its weaknesses or disadvantages. Words and phrases
such as but, however, though, in contrast and in spite of signal that an opposite or different opinion is about to
be introduced.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

INTERNET LEARNING: THE FUTURE?

When I was struggling with my chemistry class last semester, a professor suggested that I join a study group
or get a tutor to supplement what we were studying in class. I couldn't afford a tutor and my schedule at
university was so erratic-I couldn't arrange anything with classmates, especially ones I barely knew. Then a
friend suggested going online. I can't believe I didn't think about it earlier! Online learning is perfect for me
because it offers so much flexibility. Whenever I have free time, I can seek out lessons that revisit what my
classes have been covering. And unlike being in class, I can pause the videos or watch them many times until I
understand the concepts.
Another great thing about online lessons is that there are so many different educators out there, each with their
own unique style and perspective. So if one teacher's approach doesn't work for you or you need a different
viewpoint, you can always try another site. Each site also specializes in different subject areas. When I want to
learn about a science or math concept, I visit the Khan Academy website, which explains topics using simple
language and diagrams. For arts or philosophy, I go to TED-Ed, which offers lectures from experts all over the
world. These sites have become so popular that prestigious universities like Harvard and Stanford have
started offering free online courses as well.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

INTERNET LEARNING: THE FUTURE? (cont.)

I love online learning so much that I'm going to do a full online course offered by my university. I know that this
requires an attention to deadlines that free lessons don't entail, but the freedom to work when I want will be so
helpful when scheduling my other classes and getting a part-time job. Going on line has opened up a whole
new world for me-I think it's a trend that's here to stay.
This spring I had an internship in Paris. Since I had time, I decided to take a couple of university courses
online. I also looked for study material online to supplement my course, as recommended by a professor. At
first, I found that resources online were plentiful and varied. However, I spent a lot of time locating lessons that
offered reliable content, and for the specific topics I was searching for. When I did find classes with helpful
material, I often felt there was something missing.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

INTERNET LEARNING: THE FUTURE? (cont.)

I soon realized that I was missing the teacher-student and student-student interactions of a conventional
classroom and it was having a negative effect on my learning. I realized I learn best in a social environment
with lots of opportunities for discussion. Studying on my own was boring and there were too many things to
distract me online. I also didn't have the motivation or encouragement you get from teachers and classmates.
Because I assumed I could study any time, I almost stopped studying completely until everything was due at
the end of the semester! I think I'm the kind of person who needs the pacing and regular deadlines of a class.
To be fair, I certainly found material that was very helpful. But I was spending as much time on these lessons
as I was on my own classwork and didn't have anything to show for it. I hear there are now online courses
available where you can get your work marked by professors and be awarded a certificate if you pass. But I
can't see people choosing to do these courses as a replacement for an actual university course and degree. It'll
be a long time before employers and companies recognize such on line credits or degrees.
It's really great that quality education is being made available for free, but for me, online lessons probably work
best as something extra to support my classroom experience.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Practice 5: Skim the passage on the next slide. Using information from the passage, write five
advantages and disadvantages of learning online.

Advantages of Internet Learning Disadvantages of Internet Learning

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

INTERNET LEARNING: THE FUTURE?

When I was struggling with my chemistry class last semester, a professor suggested that I join a study group
or get a tutor to supplement what we were studying in class. I couldn't afford a tutor and my schedule at
university was so erratic-I couldn't arrange anything with classmates, especially ones I barely knew. Then a
friend suggested going online. I can't believe I didn't think about it earlier! Online learning is perfect for me
because it offers so much flexibility. Whenever I have free time, I can seek out lessons that revisit what my
classes have been covering. And unlike being in class, I can pause the videos or watch them many times until I
understand the concepts.
Another great thing about online lessons is that there are so many different educators out there, each with their
own unique style and perspective. So if one teacher's approach doesn't work for you or you need a different
viewpoint, you can always try another site. Each site also specializes in different subject areas. When I want to
learn about a science or math concept, I visit the Khan Academy website, which explains topics using simple
language and diagrams. For arts or philosophy, I go to TED-Ed, which offers lectures from experts all over the
world. These sites have become so popular that prestigious universities like Harvard and Stanford have
started offering free online courses as well.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

INTERNET LEARNING: THE FUTURE? (cont.)

I love online learning so much that I'm going to do a full online course offered by my university. I know that this
requires an attention to deadlines that free lessons don't entail, but the freedom to work when I want will be so
helpful when scheduling my other classes and getting a part-time job. Going on line has opened up a whole
new world for me-I think it's a trend that's here to stay.
This spring I had an internship in Paris. Since I had time, I decided to take a couple of university courses
online. I also looked for study material online to supplement my course, as recommended by a professor. At
first, I found that resources online were plentiful and varied. However, I spent a lot of time locating lessons that
offered reliable content, and for the specific topics I was searching for. When I did find classes with helpful
material, I often felt there was something missing.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

INTERNET LEARNING: THE FUTURE? (cont.)

I soon realized that I was missing the teacher-student and student-student interactions of a conventional
classroom and it was having a negative effect on my learning. I realized I learn best in a social environment
with lots of opportunities for discussion. Studying on my own was boring and there were too many things to
distract me online. I also didn't have the motivation or encouragement you get from teachers and classmates.
Because I assumed I could study any time, I almost stopped studying completely until everything was due at
the end of the semester! I think I'm the kind of person who needs the pacing and regular deadlines of a class.
To be fair, I certainly found material that was very helpful. But I was spending as much time on these lessons
as I was on my own classwork and didn't have anything to show for it. I hear there are now online courses
available where you can get your work marked by professors and be awarded a certificate if you pass. But I
can't see people choosing to do these courses as a replacement for an actual university course and degree. It'll
be a long time before employers and companies recognize such on line credits or degrees.
It's really great that quality education is being made available for free, but for me, online lessons probably work
best as something extra to support my classroom experience.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Answers

Advantages of Internet Learning Disadvantages of Internet Learning

1. Material can be incomplete or irrelevant, or not
1. Cost
varied enough yet
2. Flexibility of time 2. No social interaction or discussion

3. Choice of styles and perspectives 3. Can be boring and easy to be distracted online

4. Choice of subjects 4. No external motivation; take self-discipline

5. A variety of institutions from all over the world/

5. Not recognized by employers yet
not limited by location

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Practice 6: Choose the correct answers for the following questions.

1. What will change when Sam does a full university course online?
a. He will have to keep to certain deadlines.
b. He will have to attend classroom sessions.
c. He will have to stop visiting sites like TED-Ed.
2. What does Jess admit is good about Internet learning?
a. She can study alone without any distractions.
b. She can study anytime she wants.
c. There are many helpful resources available.
3. What does it refer to in paragraph 6 line 2?
a. the extra work Jess put in b. Jess' classroom work c. Jess' internship work

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Practice 6: Choose the correct answers for the following questions. (cont.)
4. Why does Jess feel online credits or degrees aren't going to replace conventional ones?
a. She thinks employers won't recognize them.
b. She thinks the education is not high quality enough.
c. She thinks the work won't be marked by real professors.
5. What is the overall message of the passage?
a. Online learning is the future of education.
b. Online learning will never replace the traditional classroom.
c. Online learning is great for certain kinds of people.

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Answers
1. What will change when Sam does a full university course online?
a. He will have to keep to certain deadlines. (Paragraph 3: I know that this requires an attention to deadlines
that free lessons don't entail,)
b. He will have to attend classroom sessions.
c. He will have to stop visiting sites like TED-Ed.
2. What does Jess admit is good about Internet learning?
a. She can study alone without any distractions.
b. She can study anytime she wants.
c. There are many helpful resources available. (Paragraph 6: To be fair, I certainly found material that was
very helpful.)
3. What does it refer to in paragraph 6 line 2?
a. the extra work Jess put in b. Jess' classroom work c. Jess' internship work

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 4.2.1. ARGUING FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC (cont.)

Answers (cont.)
4. Why does Jess feel online credits or degrees aren't going to replace conventional ones?
a. She thinks employers won't recognize them. (Paragraph 6: It'll be a long time before employers and
companies recognize such on line credits or degrees.)
b. She thinks the education is not high quality enough.
c. She thinks the work won't be marked by real professors.
5. What is the overall message of the passage?
a. Online learning is the future of education.
b. Online learning will never replace the traditional classroom.
c. Online learning is great for certain kinds of people. (entire passage)

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT

To guess the meaning of an important but unfamiliar word in a reading passage, try the following: First, think
about how the new word is related to the topic of the reading. Second, identify what part of speech it is. Then
look at the words surrounding the new word for synonyms, antonyms, or an explanation of the word.

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

Practice 7: Look for the following words in bold. Read the sentence containing the words, and the
surrounding sentences from the article on the next slide. Then choose the best definition.
1. The phrase akin to probably means ____.
a. different from b. the same as c. a result of
2. The word well-meaning probably means ____.
a. intending to do something wrong
b. understanding the meaning of something
c. having good intentions
3. The word automatically probably means ____.
a. independently b. quickly c. thoroughly

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

Answers
1. The phrase akin to probably means ____.
a. different from b. the same as c. a result of
2. The word well-meaning probably means ____.
a. intending to do something wrong
b. understanding the meaning of something
c. having good intentions
3. The word automatically probably means ____.
a. independently b. quickly c. thoroughly

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

PLAGIARISM AND THE INTERNET

The Internet is the largest library in the history of the world and a great resource for anyone seeking
information. But doing research on the Internet is not without its risks. In recent years, plagiarism from on line
sources has become a serious problem, especially among students.
Original written work and information are protected by copyright laws, like original inventions. Therefore, when
you reference or use information you find while doing research, you should always give credit to the person or
organization that produced it. To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own without giving credit to the
original source, or to claim that someone else's ideas are your own. It is akin to stealing someone else's work.
For example, if a student reads three articles and uses ideas from the articles to make his arguments in an
essay without quoting or citing from the original work, the student is plagiarizing.

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

PLAGIARISM AND THE INTERNET (cont.)

Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem because it is so easy to find and copy information
online. There are thousands of resources for students who wish only to copy or cheat. However, the Internet
also makes it easier for educators to check for plagiarism. Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be
enough to expose copying. Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism. Because
copying and pasting is so easy, it is becoming more and more common for well-meaning students to mix up
source material with their original ideas. While this kind of plagiarism usually happens innocently, it is still
an offense.
In addition to being a dishonest practice, plagiarism is a lost opportunity for students. The Yale College Writing
Center, which is part of the prestigious Yale University in the United States, cautions, "If you paste in
someone's words as your own, you will miss the opportunity to add your commentary, and therefore miss an
opportunity to grow as a thinker and writer." The practice of writing is to share one's own ideas and creative
talent, but poor citation makes it unclear whether the writer is working out his own ideas or just playing with
someone else's.

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

PLAGIARISM AND THE INTERNET (cont.)

When working on a complex research assignment, managing your sources can become challenging. Here are
some tips to keep your sources in order and avoid plagiarizing:
• Copy and paste important information.
The first step of researching is to gather information. Be efficient and keep a computer document named
"References" where you can keep useful information. Format the document so that each page starts with
the citation, prepared in the format preferred by your professor, and then the important information you
gathered from that source. Copy and paste the material directly from the source.
• Print out important articles.
When printing the whole document is not possible, print the first page of the article, which lists crucial details
like the name of the writer and publication, and the date of publication. Then print pages that have the
information you need and highlight the most important details.

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

PLAGIARISM AND THE INTERNET (cont.)

• Use software meant for managing sources.
Most universities and schools provide students with free or low-cost software that is designed to keep track
of information. To save time, many programs will automatically format your citations so you don't have to
type everything out yourself.
• Insert citations into your drafts.
Most word processing programs have a "comment" feature. This allows you to add notes throughout the
document that aren't included in the document's word count and can be easily hidden. Every time you quote
a source, type the source's citation into a comment box. This will save time when you have to compile
everything into a bibliography.
• Double-check your work.
In the same way that you review your work for clarity and mistakes, you need to check that you have
matched the quoted information with the correct source.

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

Practice 8: Choose the correct answer for the following questions.

1. What is the purpose of this article?
a. to warn students about plagiarism and explain how to avoid it
b. to give readers a complete history of plagiarism
c. to show that the Internet is making plagiarism worse
2. Which is NOT considered plagiarism?
a. The student describes someone else's idea in his own words without giving credit.
b. The student uses a quote from a book and forgets to mention the original source.
c. The student cites a few authors, then arrives at his own conclusion about the topic.

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

Practice 8: Choose the correct answer for the following questions. (cont.)
3. Plagiarism is considered a "lost opportunity" because ______.
a. students will not be able to cite or reference properly
b. students will never learn to develop ideas of their own
c. teachers will never know if the students are cheating
4. Why does the author include tips in the article?
a. to help students organize and manage their references
b. to show students how to use a computer for their essays
c. to encourage students to revise and edit their work

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

Answers
1. What is the purpose of this article?
a. to warn students about plagiarism and explain how to avoid it (entire passage)
b. to give readers a complete history of plagiarism
c. to show that the Internet is making plagiarism worse
2. Which is NOT considered plagiarism?
a. The student describes someone else's idea in his own words without giving credit.
b. The student uses a quote from a book and forgets to mention the original source.
c. The student cites a few authors, then arrives at his own conclusion about the topic. (Paragraph 2)

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 4.2.2. IDENTIFYING MEANING FROM CONTEXT (cont.)

Answers (cont.)
3. Plagiarism is considered a "lost opportunity" because _____.
a. students will not be able to cite or reference properly
b. students will never learn to develop ideas of their own (Paragraph 4)
c. teachers will never know if the students are cheating
4. Why does the author include tips in the article?
a. to help students organize and manage their references (Paragraph 5)
b. to show students how to use a computer for their essays
c. to encourage students to revise and edit their work

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 SUMMARY

Vocabulary focus: The Root Word ven/vent and The suffix -ism
Skill focus: Arguing for and against a topic and Identifying meaning from context

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 GLOSSARY

• distract v. to draw attention away from one's focus: He has to study in the library because he is easily
distracted by noise.
• entail v. to involve or include: Being a good athlete entails a high level of fitness.
• perspective n. point of view; the place from which one sees something: We all have different perspectives
on life.
• prestigious adj. having a very good reputation: The Oscars are considered the most prestigious awards
show in the film industry.
• reliable adj. dependable: Laptops are not considered as reliable as desktop computers.
• akin to adj. very similar to something: Some fashions these days are akin to styles from the past.
• cheat v. to behave in a dishonest way to win or have an advantage: Cheating on a test is not a good idea.

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