Koordinat

No X Y H V M
A 0 0 23 24 25
B 3 0 26 27 28
C 7 0 29 30 31
D 15 0 32 33 22
E 0 4 1 2 3
F 1.5 4 4 5 6
G 3 4 7 8 9
H 7 4 16 17 18
I 12 4 19 20 21
J 3 7 10 11 12
K 7 7 13 14 15

Penampang
Elemen b h Elemen b h
1 0.25 0.25 6 0.25 0.4
2 0.25 0.5 7 0.25 0.5
3 0.25 0.5 8 0.3 0.3
4 0.3 0.3 9 0.3 0.3
5 0.3 0.3 10 0.25 0.5
11 0.25 0.25

fc' = 25 Mpa
E= 23500 Mpa
23500000 KN/m2
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 1
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 1
A 0 0 A= 0.0625 EI = 7649.739583
E 0 4 I= 0.000325521 EA = 1468750
Elemen b h L= 4
1 0.25 0.25 Lx = 0

367187.5 0 0 -367188 0 0
0 1434.326 2868.652 0 -1434.33 2868.652
k' = 0 2868.652 7649.74 0 -2868.65 3824.87
-367188 0 0 367187.5 0 0
0 -1434.33 -2868.65 0 1434.326 -2868.65
0 2868.652 3824.87 0 -2868.65 7649.74

0 1 0 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 -1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

0 367187.5 0 0 -367188 0
-1434.33 0 2868.652 1434.326 0 2868.652
k'T = -2868.65 0 7649.74 2868.652 0 3824.87
0 -367188 0 0 367187.5 0
1434.326 0 -2868.65 -1434.33 0 -2868.65
-2868.65 0 3824.87 2868.652 0 7649.74

23 24 25 1 2 3
T
k = T k'T 1434.326 0 -2868.65 -1434.33 0 -2868.65 23
0 367187.5 0 0 -367188 0 24
-2868.65 0 7649.74 2868.652 0 3824.87 25
k= -1434.33 0 2868.652 1434.326 0 2868.652 1
0 -367188 0 0 367187.5 0 2
-2868.65 0 3824.87 2868.652 0 7649.74 3

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 1
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q23 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q24 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q25 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q1 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q2 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q3 = 0 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 2
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 0.936329178
E 0 0 A= 0.125 EI = 61197.91667
F 1.5 4 I= 0.002604167 EA = 2937500
Elemen b h L= 4.272001873
2 0.25 0.5 Lx = 0.351123442

687616.7 0 0 -687617 0 0
0 9419.407 20119.86 0 -9419.41 20119.86
k' = 0 20119.86 57301.39 0 -20119.9 28650.7
-687617 0 0 687616.7 0 0
0 -9419.41 -20119.9 0 9419.407 -20119.9
0 20119.86 28650.7 0 -20119.9 57301.39

0.351123 0.936329 0 0 0 0
-0.93633 0.351123 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.351123 0.936329 0
0 0 0 -0.93633 0.351123 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

241438.4 643835.6 0 -241438 -643836 0

-8819.67 3307.375 20119.86 8819.666 -3307.37 20119.86
k'T = -18838.8 7064.556 57301.39 18838.81 -7064.56 28650.7
-241438 -643836 0 241438.4 643835.6 0
8819.666 -3307.37 -20119.9 -8819.67 3307.375 -20119.9
-18838.8 7064.556 28650.7 18838.81 -7064.56 57301.39

1 2 3 4 5 6
T
k = T k'T 93032.78 222969 -18838.8 -93032.8 -222969 -18838.8 1
222969 604003.4 7064.556 -222969 -604003 7064.556 2
-18838.8 7064.556 57301.39 18838.81 -7064.56 28650.7 3
k= -93032.8 -222969 18838.81 93032.78 222969 18838.81 4
-222969 -604003 -7064.56 222969 604003.4 -7064.56 5
-18838.8 7064.556 28650.7 18838.81 -7064.56 57301.39 6

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 2
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q1 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q2 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q3 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q4 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q5 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q6 = 0 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 3
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 0
F 1.5 4 A= 0.125 EI = 61197.91667
G 3 4 I= 0.002604167 EA = 2937500
Elemen b h L= 1.5
3 0.25 0.5 Lx = 1

1958333 0 0 -1958333 0 0
0 217592.6 163194.4 0 -217593 163194.4
k' = 0 163194.4 163194.4 0 -163194 81597.22
-1958333 0 0 1958333 0 0
0 -217593 -163194 0 217592.6 -163194
0 163194.4 81597.22 0 -163194 163194.4

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

1958333 0 0 -1958333 0 0
0 217592.6 163194.4 0 -217593 163194.4
k'T = 0 163194.4 163194.4 0 -163194 81597.22
-1958333 0 0 1958333 0 0
0 -217593 -163194 0 217592.6 -163194
0 163194.4 81597.22 0 -163194 163194.4

4 5 6 7 8 9
T
k = T k'T 1958333 0 0 -1958333 0 0 4
0 217592.6 163194.4 0 -217593 163194.4 5
0 163194.4 163194.4 0 -163194 81597.22 6
k= -1958333 0 0 1958333 0 0 7
0 -217593 -163194 0 217592.6 -163194 8
0 163194.4 81597.22 0 -163194 163194.4 9

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 3
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q4 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 15 kN QNy = Q5 = 15 kN
qNz' = q3 = 3.75 kN.m QNz = Q6 = 3.75 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q7 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 15 kN QFy = Q8 = 15 kN
qFz' = q6 = -3.75 kN.m QFz = Q9 = -3.75 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 4
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = -1
G 3 4 A= 0.09 EI = 15862.5
B 3 0 I= 0.000675 EA = 2115000
Elemen b h L= 4
4 0.3 0.3 Lx = 0

528750 0 0 -528750 0 0
0 2974.219 5948.438 0 -2974.22 5948.438
k' = 0 5948.438 15862.5 0 -5948.44 7931.25
-528750 0 0 528750 0 0
0 -2974.22 -5948.44 0 2974.219 -5948.44
0 5948.438 7931.25 0 -5948.44 15862.5

0 -1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

0 -528750 0 0 528750 0
2974.219 0 5948.438 -2974.22 0 5948.438
k'T = 5948.438 0 15862.5 -5948.44 0 7931.25
0 528750 0 0 -528750 0
-2974.22 0 -5948.44 2974.219 0 -5948.44
5948.438 0 7931.25 -5948.44 0 15862.5

7 8 9 26 27 28
T
k = T k'T 2974.219 0 5948.438 -2974.22 0 5948.438 7
0 528750 0 0 -528750 0 8
5948.438 0 15862.5 -5948.44 0 7931.25 9
k= -2974.22 0 -5948.44 2974.219 0 -5948.44 26
0 -528750 0 0 528750 0 27
5948.438 0 7931.25 -5948.44 0 15862.5 28

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 4
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q7 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q8 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q9 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q26 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q27 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q28 = 0 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 5
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 1
G 3 4 A= 0.09 EI = 15862.5
J 3 7 I= 0.000675 EA = 2115000
Elemen b h L= 3
5 0.3 0.3 Lx = 0

705000 0 0 -705000 0 0
0 7050 10575 0 -7050 10575
k' = 0 10575 21150 0 -10575 10575
-705000 0 0 705000 0 0
0 -7050 -10575 0 7050 -10575
0 10575 10575 0 -10575 21150

0 1 0 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 -1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

0 705000 0 0 -705000 0
-7050 0 10575 7050 0 10575
k'T = -10575 0 21150 10575 0 10575
0 -705000 0 0 705000 0
7050 0 -10575 -7050 0 -10575
-10575 0 10575 10575 0 21150

7 8 9 10 11 12
T
k = T k'T 7050 0 -10575 -7050 0 -10575 7
0 705000 0 0 -705000 0 8
-10575 0 21150 10575 0 10575 9
k= -7050 0 10575 7050 0 10575 10
0 -705000 0 0 705000 0 11
-10575 0 10575 10575 0 21150 12

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 5
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q7 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q8 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q9 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q10 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q11 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q12 = 0 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 6
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 0
J 3 7 A= 0.1 EI = 31333.33333
K 7 7 I= 0.001333333 EA = 2350000
Elemen b h L= 4
6 0.25 0.4 Lx = 1

587500 0 0 -587500 0 0
0 5875 11750 0 -5875 11750
k' = 0 11750 31333.33 0 -11750 15666.67
-587500 0 0 587500 0 0
0 -5875 -11750 0 5875 -11750
0 11750 15666.67 0 -11750 31333.33

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

587500 0 0 -587500 0 0
0 5875 11750 0 -5875 11750
k'T = 0 11750 31333.33 0 -11750 15666.67
-587500 0 0 587500 0 0
0 -5875 -11750 0 5875 -11750
0 11750 15666.67 0 -11750 31333.33

10 11 12 13 14 15
T
k = T k'T 587500 0 0 -587500 0 0 10
0 5875 11750 0 -5875 11750 11
0 11750 31333.33 0 -11750 15666.67 12
k= -587500 0 0 587500 0 0 13
0 -5875 -11750 0 5875 -11750 14
0 11750 15666.67 0 -11750 31333.33 15

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 6
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q10 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 24 kN QNy = Q11 = 24 kN
qNz' = q3 = 16 kN.m QNz = Q12 = 16 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q13 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 24 kN QFy = Q14 = 24 kN
qFz' = q6 = -16 kN.m QFz = Q15 = -16 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 7
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 0
G 3 4 A= 0.125 EI = 61197.91667
H 7 4 I= 0.002604167 EA = 2937500
Elemen b h L= 4
7 0.25 0.5 Lx = 1

734375 0 0 -734375 0 0
0 11474.61 22949.22 0 -11474.6 22949.22
k' = 0 22949.22 61197.92 0 -22949.2 30598.96
-734375 0 0 734375 0 0
0 -11474.6 -22949.2 0 11474.61 -22949.2
0 22949.22 30598.96 0 -22949.2 61197.92

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

734375 0 0 -734375 0 0
0 11474.61 22949.22 0 -11474.6 22949.22
k'T = 0 22949.22 61197.92 0 -22949.2 30598.96
-734375 0 0 734375 0 0
0 -11474.6 -22949.2 0 11474.61 -22949.2
0 22949.22 30598.96 0 -22949.2 61197.92

7 8 9 16 17 18
T
k = T k'T 734375 0 0 -734375 0 0 7
0 11474.61 22949.22 0 -11474.6 22949.22 8
0 22949.22 61197.92 0 -22949.2 30598.96 9
k= -734375 0 0 734375 0 0 16
0 -11474.6 -22949.2 0 11474.61 -22949.2 17
0 22949.22 30598.96 0 -22949.2 61197.92 18

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 7
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q7 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 40 kN QNy = Q8 = 40 kN
qNz' = q3 = 26.67 kN.m QNz = Q9 = 26.67 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q16 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 40 kN QFy = Q17 = 40 kN
qFz' = q6 = -26.67 kN.m QFz = Q18 = -26.67 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 8
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = -1
H 7 4 A= 0.09 EI = 15862.5
C 7 0 I= 0.000675 EA = 2115000
Elemen b h L= 4
8 0.3 0.3 Lx = 0

528750 0 0 -528750 0 0
0 2974.219 5948.438 0 -2974.22 5948.438
k' = 0 5948.438 15862.5 0 -5948.44 7931.25
-528750 0 0 528750 0 0
0 -2974.22 -5948.44 0 2974.219 -5948.44
0 5948.438 7931.25 0 -5948.44 15862.5

0 -1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

0 -528750 0 0 528750 0
2974.219 0 5948.438 -2974.22 0 5948.438
k'T = 5948.438 0 15862.5 -5948.44 0 7931.25
0 528750 0 0 -528750 0
-2974.22 0 -5948.44 2974.219 0 -5948.44
5948.438 0 7931.25 -5948.44 0 15862.5

16 17 18 29 30 31
T
k = T k'T 2974.219 0 5948.438 -2974.22 0 5948.438 16
0 528750 0 0 -528750 0 17
5948.438 0 15862.5 -5948.44 0 7931.25 18
k= -2974.22 0 -5948.44 2974.219 0 -5948.44 29
0 -528750 0 0 528750 0 30
5948.438 0 7931.25 -5948.44 0 15862.5 31

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 8
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q16 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q17 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q18 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q29 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q30 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q31 = 0 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 9
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = -1
K 7 7 A= 0.09 EI = 15862.5
H 7 4 I= 0.000675 EA = 2115000
Elemen b h L= 3
9 0.3 0.3 Lx = 0

705000 0 0 -705000 0 0
0 7050 10575 0 -7050 10575
k' = 0 10575 21150 0 -10575 10575
-705000 0 0 705000 0 0
0 -7050 -10575 0 7050 -10575
0 10575 10575 0 -10575 21150

0 -1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

0 -705000 0 0 705000 0
7050 0 10575 -7050 0 10575
k'T = 10575 0 21150 -10575 0 10575
0 705000 0 0 -705000 0
-7050 0 -10575 7050 0 -10575
10575 0 10575 -10575 0 21150

13 14 15 16 17 18
T
k = T k'T 7050 0 10575 -7050 0 10575 13
0 705000 0 0 -705000 0 14
10575 0 21150 -10575 0 10575 15
k= -7050 0 -10575 7050 0 -10575 16
0 -705000 0 0 705000 0 17
10575 0 10575 -10575 0 21150 18

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 9
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q13 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q14 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q15 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q16 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q17 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q18 = 0 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 10
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = 0
H 7 4 A= 0.125 EI = 61197.91667
I 12 4 I= 0.002604167 EA = 2937500
Elemen b h L= 5
10 0.25 0.5 Lx = 1

587500 0 0 -587500 0 0
0 5875 14687.5 0 -5875 14687.5
k' = 0 14687.5 48958.33 0 -14687.5 24479.17
-587500 0 0 587500 0 0
0 -5875 -14687.5 0 5875 -14687.5
0 14687.5 24479.17 0 -14687.5 48958.33

1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

587500 0 0 -587500 0 0
0 5875 14687.5 0 -5875 14687.5
k'T = 0 14687.5 48958.33 0 -14687.5 24479.17
-587500 0 0 587500 0 0
0 -5875 -14687.5 0 5875 -14687.5
0 14687.5 24479.17 0 -14687.5 48958.33

16 17 18 19 20 21
T
k = T k'T 587500 0 0 -587500 0 0 16
0 5875 14687.5 0 -5875 14687.5 17
0 14687.5 48958.33 0 -14687.5 24479.17 18
k= -587500 0 0 587500 0 0 19
0 -5875 -14687.5 0 5875 -14687.5 20
0 14687.5 24479.17 0 -14687.5 48958.33 21

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 10
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q16 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 50 kN QNy = Q17 = 50 kN
qNz' = q3 = 41.67 kN.m QNz = Q18 = 41.67 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q19 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 50 kN QFy = Q20 = 50 kN
qFz' = q6 = -41.67 kN.m QFz = Q21 = -41.67 kN.m
Hitung matriks kekakuan elemen
Elemen 11
No X Y E= 23500000 Ly = -0.8
I 12 4 A= 0.0625 EI = 7649.739583
D 15 0 I= 0.000325521 EA = 1468750
Elemen b h L= 5
11 0.25 0.25 Lx = 0.6

293750 0 0 -293750 0 0
0 734.375 1835.938 0 -734.375 1835.938
k' = 0 1835.938 6119.792 0 -1835.94 3059.896
-293750 0 0 293750 0 0
0 -734.375 -1835.94 0 734.375 -1835.94
0 1835.938 3059.896 0 -1835.94 6119.792

0.6 -0.8 0 0 0 0
0.8 0.6 0 0 0 0
T= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.6 -0.8 0
0 0 0 0.8 0.6 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

176250 -235000 0 -176250 235000 0

587.5 440.625 1835.938 -587.5 -440.625 1835.938
k'T = 1468.75 1101.563 6119.792 -1468.75 -1101.56 3059.896
-176250 235000 0 176250 -235000 0
-587.5 -440.625 -1835.94 587.5 440.625 -1835.94
1468.75 1101.563 3059.896 -1468.75 -1101.56 6119.792

19 20 21 32 33 22
T
k = T k'T 106220 -140648 1468.75 -106220 140647.5 1468.75 19
-140648 188264.4 1101.563 140647.5 -188264 1101.563 20
1468.75 1101.563 6119.792 -1468.75 -1101.56 3059.896 21
k= -106220 140647.5 -1468.75 106220 -140648 -1468.75 32
140647.5 -188264 -1101.56 -140648 188264.4 -1101.56 33
1468.75 1101.563 3059.896 -1468.75 -1101.56 6119.792 22

Matrik Gaya / Momen Ujung Elemen

Elemen 11
qNx' = q1 = 0 kN QNx = Q19 = 0 kN
qNy' = q2 = 0 kN QNy = Q20 = 0 kN
qNz' = q3 = 0 kN.m QNz = Q21 = 0 kN.m
qFx' = q4 = 0 kN QFx = Q32 = 0 kN
qFy' = q5 = 0 kN QFy = Q33 = 0 kN
qFz' = q6 = 0 kN.m QFz = Q22 = 0 kN.m
 Matriks gaya akibat beban luar
Q1 = 0 1 Q19 = 0 19
Q2 = 0 2 Q20 = 50 20
Q3 = 0 3 Q21 = -41.67 21
Q4 = 0 4 Q22 = 0 22
Q5 = 15 5 Q23 = 0 23
Q6 = 3.75 6 Q24 = 0 24
Q7 = 0 7 Q25 = 0 25
Q8 = 55 8 Q26 = 0 26
Q9 = 22.92 9 Q27 = 0 27
Q10 = 0 10 Q28 = 0 28
Q11 = 24 11 Q29 = 0 29
Q12 = 16 12 Q30 = 0 30
Q13 = 0 13 Q31 = 0 31
Q14 = 24 14 Q32 = 0 32
Q15 = -16 15 Q33 = 0 33
Q16 = 0 16
Q17 = 90 17
Q18 = 15 18

Matriks gaya yang bersesuaian dengan DOF

0
Q 1= 40 1 Q019 = 0 19
Q02 = 0 2 0
Q 20 = 0 20
0 0
Q 3= 0 3 Q 21 = 0 21
Q04 = 0 4 Q022 = 0 22
Q0 5 = -80 5 Q023 = 0 23
0 0
Q 6= 0 6 Q 24 = 0 24
0 0
Q 7= 0 7 Q 25 = 0 25
Q08 = 0 8 Q026 = Q26 26
Q09 = 0 9 Q027 = Q27 27
0 0
Q 10 = 20 10 Q 28 = Q28 28
Q011 = 0 11 Q029 = Q29 29
Q012 = 0 12 Q030 = Q30 30
Q013 = 0 13 Q031 = Q31 31
0 0
Q 14 = 0 14 Q 32 = Q32 32
Q015 = 0 15 Q033 = Q33 33
Q016 = 0 16
0
Q 17 = 0 17
0
Q 18 = 0 18