‭KIET Group Of Institutions, Ghaziabad‬

‭Computer Science and Information Technology‬

‭Project Based Learning‬

‭On‬
‭Networking In College‬

‭Submitted By:‬

‭Govind Jha(2100290110056)‬

‭Jahanvi Vaish(2100290110066)‬

‭Submitted To:‬

‭Dr. Manish Bharadwaj‬

‭1‬
 ‭Certificate‬

‭This‬ ‭is‬ ‭to‬ ‭certify‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭PBL‬ ‭project‬ ‭report‬ ‭entitled‬ ‭“‭N
‬ etworking‬ ‭In‬ ‭College‬‭”‬
‭submitted‬‭by‬‭Govind‬‭Jha(2100290110056)‬‭and‬‭Jahnavi‬‭Vaish(2100290110066)‬‭in‬
‭the‬ ‭department‬ ‭of‬ ‭Computer‬ ‭Science‬ ‭and‬ ‭Information‬ ‭Technology‬ ‭of‬ ‭KIET‬
‭Group‬ ‭of‬ ‭Institutions,‬ ‭Ghaziabad,‬ ‭affiliated‬ ‭to‬ ‭Dr.‬ ‭A.‬ ‭P.‬ ‭J.‬ ‭Kalam‬ ‭Technical‬
‭University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.‬

‭He‬ ‭has‬ ‭successfully‬ ‭completed‬ ‭his‬ ‭Project‬ ‭under‬ ‭my‬ ‭supervision‬ ‭and‬ ‭guidance‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬
‭worthy of consideration for the same.‬

‭Signature of Supervisor:‬

‭2‬
 ‭ABSTRACT‬

‭ omputer‬ ‭networks‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭significant‬ ‭impact‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭working‬ ‭of‬ ‭an‬ ‭organization.‬ ‭Universities‬
C
‭depend‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭proper‬ ‭functioning‬ ‭and‬ ‭analysis‬ ‭of‬ ‭their‬ ‭networks‬‭for‬‭education,‬‭administration,‬
‭communication,‬ ‭e-library,‬ ‭automation,‬ ‭etc.‬ ‭An‬ ‭efficient‬ ‭network‬ ‭is‬ ‭essential‬ ‭to‬ ‭facilitate‬ ‭the‬
‭systematic‬‭and‬‭cost-efficient‬‭transfer‬‭of‬‭information‬‭in‬‭an‬‭organization‬‭in‬‭the‬‭form‬‭of‬‭messages,‬
‭files,‬‭and‬‭resources.‬ ‭The‬‭project‬‭provides‬‭insights‬‭into‬‭various‬‭concepts‬‭such‬‭as‬‭topology‬‭design,‬
‭IP‬ ‭address‬ ‭configuration,‬ ‭and‬ ‭how‬ ‭to‬ ‭send‬ ‭information‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭form‬ ‭of‬ ‭packets‬ ‭to‬‭the‬‭wireless‬
‭networks of different areas of a college.‬

‭ he‬‭aim‬‭of‬‭this‬‭project‬‭is‬‭to‬‭design‬‭the‬‭topology‬‭of‬‭the‬‭college‬‭network‬‭using‬‭the‬‭software‬‭Cisco‬
T
‭Packet‬ ‭Tracer‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭implementation‬ ‭of‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭networking‬ ‭systems.‬ ‭This‬ ‭college‬ ‭network‬
‭consists of the following devices:‬

1‭ ) Router (1941)‬
‭2) Switches (2960-24TT)‬
‭3) Email server‬
‭4) DNS server‬
‭5) WEB server (HTTP)‬
‭6) Wireless Device (Access Point)‬
‭7) PCs‬
‭8) Laptops‬
‭9) Smartphones‬

‭ he design includes the following parts of the college:‬

T
‭Hostel Blocks: Girls Block and Boys Block‬
‭Academic Blocks: AB1 and AB2‬
‭Dome Building and Library‬
‭IT Consulting‬

‭3‬
 ‭TABLE OF CONTENTS‬

‭1.‬ ‭Cover Page‬ ‭1‬

‭2.‬ ‭Certificate‬ ‭2‬

‭3.‬ ‭Abstract‬ ‭3‬

‭4.‬ ‭Table of Contents‬ ‭4‬

‭5.‬ ‭Chapter 1: Introduction‬ ‭5‬

‭6.‬ ‭Chapter 2: Overview‬ ‭6‬

‭7.‬ ‭Chapter 3: Methodology‬ ‭10‬

‭8.‬ ‭Chapter 4: Results and Discussion‬ ‭25‬

‭9.‬ ‭Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future Work‬ ‭29‬

‭10.‬ ‭References‬ ‭30‬

‭4‬
 ‭CHAPTER 1‬

‭INTRODUCTION‬

‭●‬ ‭Motivation‬
‭ he‬ ‭word‬ ‭“digital”‬ ‭is‬ ‭very‬ ‭significant‬‭in‬‭today’s‬‭world,‬‭with‬‭an‬‭increase‬‭in‬‭the‬‭development‬‭of‬
T
‭technology‬ ‭the‬ ‭entire‬ ‭world‬‭is‬‭moving‬‭towards‬‭the‬‭digital‬‭era.‬‭The‬‭educational‬‭institution‬‭plays‬
‭an‬ ‭important‬ ‭role‬ ‭in‬ ‭this‬ ‭digitalization,‬ ‭hence‬ ‭the‬ ‭campus‬ ‭should‬ ‭adapt‬ ‭to‬ ‭digital‬ ‭means‬ ‭of‬
‭networking‬ ‭as‬ ‭well‬ ‭and‬ ‭become‬ ‭a‬ ‭“digital‬ ‭campus”.‬ ‭Going‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭plays‬ ‭an‬‭important‬‭role‬‭in‬
‭this‬‭digitalization.‬‭The‬‭wireless‬‭network‬‭makes‬‭the‬‭connection‬‭easy‬‭with‬‭a‬‭reduction‬‭in‬‭the‬‭use‬‭of‬
‭wires‬ ‭or‬ ‭cables.‬ ‭A‬ ‭wired‬ ‭connection‬ ‭makes‬ ‭it‬ ‭difficult‬ ‭to‬ ‭keep‬ ‭track‬ ‭of‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭devices‬ ‭and‬ ‭to‬
‭manage the cable connection, which is not only chaotic but also challenging to handle.‬

‭ ampus‬ ‭networking‬ ‭via‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭connection‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭an‬ ‭important‬ ‭part‬ ‭of‬ ‭campus‬ ‭life‬ ‭and‬
C
‭provides‬‭the‬‭main‬‭way‬‭for‬‭teachers‬‭and‬‭students‬‭to‬‭access‬‭educational‬‭resources,‬‭which‬‭gives‬‭an‬
‭important‬ ‭platform‬ ‭to‬ ‭exchange‬ ‭information.‬ ‭As‬ ‭laptops‬ ‭and‬ ‭intelligent‬ ‭terminals‬ ‭are‬ ‭widely‬
‭used,‬ ‭demand‬ ‭for‬ ‭access‬ ‭to‬ ‭information‬ ‭anytime‬ ‭and‬ ‭anywhere‬ ‭has‬ ‭become‬ ‭more‬ ‭and‬ ‭more‬
‭urgent,‬ ‭but‬ ‭traditional‬ ‭cable‬ ‭networks‬ ‭cannot‬ ‭meet‬ ‭this‬ ‭requirement.‬ ‭Then‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬
‭construction‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭necessary‬ ‭and‬ ‭essential.‬ ‭The‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬ ‭is‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭important‬
‭components‬‭of‬‭a‬‭digital‬‭campus‬‭and‬‭wisdom‬‭campus.‬‭It‬‭provides‬‭an‬‭efficient‬‭way‬‭to‬‭explore‬‭the‬
‭internet‬‭with‬‭a‬‭mobile‬‭terminal‬‭for‬‭teachers‬‭and‬‭students‬‭regardless‬‭of‬‭cables‬‭and‬‭places.‬‭This‬‭is‬
‭an‬ ‭important‬ ‭mark‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭modern‬ ‭campus‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭supplement‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭cable‬ ‭network.‬ ‭With‬ ‭the‬
‭development‬ ‭of‬ ‭network‬ ‭and‬ ‭communication‬ ‭technology,‬ ‭cable‬ ‭networks‬ ‭on‬ ‭a‬ ‭college‬ ‭campus‬
‭bring‬ ‭much‬ ‭convenience‬ ‭for‬‭teaching‬‭and‬‭research‬‭work.‬‭But‬‭for‬‭mobility‬‭and‬‭flexibility,‬‭it‬‭has‬
‭obvious‬‭shortcomings.‬‭A‬‭wireless‬‭network‬‭can‬‭overcome‬‭these‬‭drawbacks‬‭and‬‭has‬‭been‬‭applied‬
‭to the college campus.‬

‭●‬ ‭Project Statement‬

I‭ n‬‭this‬‭mini-project,‬‭we‬‭defined‬‭a‬‭simulation‬‭of‬‭campus‬‭networks‬‭based‬‭on‬‭wireless‬‭networking.‬
‭The network is divided into two sets: one for the campus area and the other for the hostel area.‬
‭The‬ ‭major‬‭aim‬‭of‬‭this‬‭project‬‭is‬‭to‬‭show‬‭the‬‭wireless‬‭connectivity‬‭that‬‭is‬‭used‬‭in‬‭universities‬‭to‬
‭make‬ ‭the‬‭network‬‭efficient‬‭and‬‭mobile‬‭at‬‭the‬‭same‬‭time.‬‭Mobility‬‭is‬‭the‬‭major‬‭concentration‬‭of‬
‭this‬ ‭project.‬ ‭In‬ ‭order‬ ‭to‬ ‭provide‬ ‭equal‬ ‭functionality‬‭to‬‭all‬‭the‬‭users‬‭(college‬‭staff‬‭and‬‭students),‬
‭we have added DNS, Email, and HTTP servers for the maximum utilization of resources.‬

‭5‬
‭ ence‬‭the‬‭campus‬‭network‬‭provides‬‭different‬‭services‬‭such‬‭as‬‭connecting‬‭the‬‭user‬‭to‬‭the‬‭internet,‬
H
‭data‬‭sharing‬‭among‬‭users‬‭(students,‬‭teachers,‬‭and‬‭different‬‭college‬‭members),‬‭accessing‬‭different‬
‭web services for different functionalities, so it needs wireless networking for smooth processing.‬

‭6‬
 ‭CHAPTER 2‬

‭OVERVIEW‬

‭●‬ ‭What is Packet Tracer?‬‭[1]‬

‭ acket‬ ‭Tracer is‬ ‭a cross-platform visual simulation tool‬ ‭designed‬ ‭by Cisco‬ ‭Systems that‬ ‭allows‬
P
‭users‬ ‭to‬ ‭create network‬ ‭topologies and‬‭imitate‬‭modern computer‬‭networks.‬‭The‬‭software‬‭allows‬
‭users‬ ‭to‬ ‭simulate‬ ‭the‬ ‭configuration‬ ‭of‬ ‭Cisco‬ ‭routers‬ ‭and‬ ‭switches‬ ‭using‬ ‭a‬ ‭simulated‬
‭command-line‬ ‭interface.‬ ‭Packet‬ ‭Tracer‬ ‭makes‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭a drag-and-drop user‬ ‭interface,‬ ‭allowing‬
‭users‬ ‭to‬ ‭add‬ ‭and‬ ‭remove‬ ‭simulated‬ ‭network‬ ‭devices‬ ‭as‬ ‭they‬ ‭see‬ ‭fit.‬ ‭The‬ ‭software‬ ‭is‬ ‭mainly‬
‭focused‬ ‭on‬ ‭Certified‬ ‭Cisco‬ ‭Network‬ ‭Associate‬ ‭Academy‬ ‭students‬ ‭as‬ ‭an‬ ‭educational‬ ‭tool‬ ‭for‬
‭helping‬ ‭them‬ ‭learn‬ ‭fundamental‬ ‭CCNA‬ ‭concepts.‬ ‭Previously‬ ‭students‬ ‭enrolled‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭CCNA‬
‭Academy program could freely download and use the tool free of charge for educational use.‬

‭●‬ ‭Router‬

‭ ‬‭router‬‭is‬‭a‬‭device‬‭like‬‭a‬‭switch‬‭that‬‭routes‬‭data‬‭packets‬‭based‬‭on‬‭their‬‭IP‬‭addresses.‬‭The‬‭router‬
A
‭is‬ ‭mainly‬ ‭a‬ ‭Network‬ ‭Layer‬ ‭device.‬ ‭Routers‬ ‭normally‬ ‭connect‬ ‭LANs‬ ‭and‬ ‭WANs‬ ‭together‬ ‭and‬
‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭dynamically‬ ‭updating‬ ‭routing‬ ‭table‬ ‭based‬ ‭on‬ ‭which‬ ‭they‬‭make‬‭decisions‬‭on‬‭routing‬‭the‬
‭data packets. Router divides broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.‬

‭●‬ ‭Switch‬
‭ ‬‭network‬‭switch‬‭(also‬‭called‬‭switching‬‭hub,‬‭bridging‬‭hub,‬‭officially‬‭MAC‬‭bridge‬‭is‬‭networking‬
A
‭hardware‬‭that‬‭connects‬‭devices‬‭on‬‭a‬‭computer‬‭network‬‭by‬‭using‬‭packet‬‭switching‬‭to‬‭receive‬‭and‬
‭forward‬‭data‬‭to‬‭the‬‭destination‬‭device.‬‭A‬‭network‬‭switch‬‭is‬‭a‬‭multiport‬‭network‬‭bridge‬‭that‬‭uses‬
‭MAC‬‭addresses‬‭to‬‭forward‬‭data‬‭at‬‭the‬‭data‬‭link‬‭layer‬‭(layer‬‭2)‬‭of‬‭the‬‭OSI‬‭model.‬‭Some‬‭switches‬
‭can‬ ‭also‬ ‭forward‬ ‭data‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭network‬ ‭layer‬ ‭(layer‬ ‭3)‬ ‭by‬ ‭additionally‬ ‭incorporating‬ ‭routing‬
‭functionality. Such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches.‬

‭●‬ ‭Network Packet‬

‭ ‬ ‭network‬ ‭packet‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭formatted‬ ‭unit‬ ‭of‬ ‭data‬ ‭carried‬ ‭by‬ ‭a‬ ‭packet-switched‬ ‭network.‬ ‭A‬ ‭packet‬
A
‭consists of control information and user data, which is also known as the payload.‬

‭●‬ ‭Server‬‭[2]‬

‭7‬
 ‭ ‬ ‭server‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭computer‬ ‭or‬ ‭system‬ ‭that‬ ‭provides‬ ‭resources,‬ ‭data,‬ ‭services,‬ ‭or‬ ‭programs‬‭to‬‭other‬
A
‭computers,‬ ‭known‬ ‭as‬ ‭clients,‬ ‭over‬ ‭a‬ ‭network.‬ ‭In‬ ‭theory,‬ ‭whenever‬ ‭computers‬ ‭share‬ ‭resources‬
‭with‬‭client‬‭machines‬‭they‬‭are‬‭considered‬‭servers.‬‭There‬‭are‬‭many‬‭types‬‭of‬‭servers,‬‭including‬‭web‬
‭servers, mail servers, and virtual servers.‬

‭ any‬‭networks‬‭contain‬‭one‬‭or‬‭more‬‭of‬‭the‬‭common‬‭servers.‬‭The‬‭servers‬‭used‬‭in‬‭our‬‭project‬‭are‬
M
‭as follows:‬

‭➢‬ ‭DNS Server‬

‭ NS‬‭stands‬‭for‬‭Domain‬‭Name‬‭System‬‭servers‬‭which‬‭are‬‭application‬‭servers‬‭that‬‭provide‬
D
‭a‬ ‭human-friendly‬ ‭naming‬ ‭method‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭user‬ ‭computers‬ ‭in‬ ‭order‬ ‭to‬ ‭make‬ ‭IP‬ ‭addresses‬
‭readable‬ ‭by‬ ‭users.‬‭The‬‭DNS‬‭system‬‭is‬‭a‬‭widely‬‭distributed‬‭database‬‭of‬‭names‬‭and‬‭other‬
‭DNS‬ ‭servers,‬ ‭each‬ ‭of‬ ‭which‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭request‬ ‭an‬ ‭otherwise‬ ‭unknown‬ ‭computer‬
‭name.‬‭When‬‭a‬‭user‬‭needs‬‭the‬‭address‬‭of‬‭a‬‭system,‬‭it‬‭sends‬‭a‬‭DNS‬‭request‬‭with‬‭the‬‭name‬
‭of‬‭the‬‭desired‬‭resource‬‭to‬‭a‬‭DNS‬‭server.‬‭The‬‭DNS‬‭server‬‭responds‬‭with‬‭the‬‭necessary‬‭IP‬
‭address from its table of names.‬

‭➢‬ ‭WEB Server‬

‭ ne‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭widely‬ ‭used‬ ‭servers‬ ‭in‬ ‭today’s‬ ‭market‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭web‬ ‭server.‬ ‭A‬ ‭web‬ ‭server‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬
O
‭special‬‭kind‬‭of‬‭application‬‭server‬‭that‬‭hosts‬‭programs‬‭and‬‭data‬‭requested‬‭by‬‭users‬‭across‬
‭the‬ ‭Internet‬ ‭or‬ ‭an‬ ‭intranet.‬ ‭Web‬ ‭servers‬ ‭respond‬ ‭to‬ ‭requests‬ ‭from‬ ‭browsers‬ ‭running‬ ‭on‬
‭client computers for web pages, or other web-based services.‬

‭➢‬ ‭EMAIL Server‬

‭ n‬ ‭e-mail‬ ‭server‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭server‬ ‭that‬ ‭handles‬ ‭and‬ ‭delivers‬ ‭e-mail‬ ‭over‬ ‭a‬ ‭network,‬ ‭using‬
A
‭standard‬ ‭email‬ ‭protocols.‬ ‭For‬ ‭example,‬‭the‬‭SMTP‬‭protocol‬‭sends‬‭messages‬‭and‬‭handles‬
‭outgoing‬ ‭mail‬ ‭requests.‬ ‭The‬ ‭POP3‬ ‭protocol‬ ‭receives‬ ‭messages‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭process‬
‭incoming‬ ‭mail.‬ ‭When‬ ‭you‬ ‭log‬ ‭on‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭mail‬ ‭server‬ ‭using‬ ‭a‬ ‭webmail‬ ‭interface‬ ‭or‬ ‭email‬
‭client, these protocols handle all the connections behind the scenes.‬

‭●‬ ‭Wireless Network‬

‭ ‬‭wireless‬‭network‬‭broadcasts‬‭an‬‭access‬‭signal‬‭to‬‭the‬‭workstations‬‭or‬‭PCs.‬‭This‬‭enables‬‭mobility‬
A
‭among‬ ‭laptops,‬ ‭tablets,‬ ‭and‬ ‭PCs‬ ‭from‬ ‭room‬ ‭to‬ ‭room‬ ‭while‬ ‭maintaining‬ ‭a‬ ‭firm‬ ‭network‬
‭connection continuously. A wireless network also presents additional security requirements.‬

‭●‬ ‭Ethernet‬
‭This is the backbone of our network. It consists of the cabling and is typically able to‬

‭8‬
 t‭ransfer‬‭data‬‭at‬‭a‬‭rate‬‭of‬‭100mb/s.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭a‬‭system‬‭for‬‭connecting‬‭a‬‭number‬‭of‬‭computer‬‭systems‬‭to‬
‭form‬ ‭a‬ ‭local‬ ‭area‬ ‭network,‬ ‭with‬ ‭protocols‬ ‭to‬ ‭control‬ ‭the‬ ‭passing‬ ‭of‬ ‭information‬ ‭and‬ ‭to‬ ‭avoid‬
‭simultaneous‬ ‭transmission‬ ‭by‬ ‭two‬ ‭or‬ ‭more‬ ‭systems.‬ ‭Among‬ ‭the‬ ‭different‬‭types‬‭of‬‭ethernet,‬‭we‬
‭have‬‭used‬‭Gigabit‬‭Ethernet,‬‭which‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭Ethernet‬‭network‬‭capable‬‭of‬‭transferring‬‭data‬‭at‬‭a‬
‭rate‬‭of‬‭1000‬‭Mbps‬‭and‬‭fast‬‭Ethernet‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭Ethernet‬‭network‬‭that‬‭can‬‭transfer‬‭data‬‭at‬‭a‬‭rate‬
‭of 100 Mbps.‬

‭●‬ ‭Computing Device‬

‭ omputing‬ ‭devices‬ ‭are‬‭the‬‭electronic‬‭devices‬‭that‬‭take‬‭user‬‭inputs,‬‭process‬‭the‬‭inputs,‬‭and‬‭then‬
C
‭provide‬ ‭us‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭end‬ ‭results.‬ ‭These‬ ‭devices‬ ‭may‬ ‭be‬ ‭Smartphones,‬ ‭PC‬ ‭Desktops,‬ ‭Laptops,‬
‭printers, and many more.‬

‭●‬ ‭Internet Protocol‬

I‭ nternet‬ ‭Protocol‬ ‭(IP)‬ ‭is‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭fundamental‬ ‭protocols‬ ‭that‬ ‭allow‬ ‭the‬ ‭internet‬ ‭to‬ ‭work.‬ ‭IP‬
‭addresses‬‭are‬‭a‬‭unique‬‭set‬‭of‬‭numbers‬‭on‬‭each‬‭network‬‭and‬‭they‬‭allow‬‭machines‬‭to‬‭address‬‭each‬
‭other across a network. It is implemented on the internet layer in the IP/TCP model.‬

‭●‬ ‭SSH Protocol‬‭[3]‬

‭ ecure‬ ‭Shell‬ ‭enables‬ ‭a‬ ‭user‬ ‭to‬ ‭access‬ ‭a‬ ‭remote‬ ‭device‬ ‭and‬ ‭manage‬ ‭it‬‭remotely.‬‭However,‬‭with‬
S
‭SSH,‬‭all‬‭data‬‭transmitted‬‭over‬‭a‬‭network‬‭(including‬‭usernames‬‭and‬‭passwords)‬‭is‬‭encrypted‬‭and‬
‭secure from eavesdropping.‬
‭SSH‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭client-server‬ ‭protocol,‬ ‭with‬ ‭an‬ ‭SSH‬ ‭client‬ ‭and‬ ‭an‬ ‭SSH‬ ‭server.‬ ‭The‬ ‭client‬
‭machine‬ ‭(such‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭PC)‬ ‭establishes‬ ‭a‬ ‭connection‬ ‭to‬‭an‬‭SSH‬‭server‬‭running‬‭on‬‭a‬‭remote‬‭device‬
‭(such‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭router).‬ ‭Once‬ ‭the‬ ‭connection‬ ‭has‬ ‭been‬ ‭established,‬ ‭a‬ ‭network‬ ‭admin‬ ‭can‬ ‭execute‬
‭commands on the remote device.‬

‭●‬ ‭Benefits of wireless networking over wired networking‬‭[5]‬

‭ o‬‭better‬‭understand‬‭the‬‭wide‬‭usage‬‭of‬‭wireless‬‭networking‬‭in‬‭today’s‬‭world,‬‭is‬‭to‬‭start‬‭with‬‭the‬
T
‭benefits‬‭it‬‭has‬‭over‬‭traditional‬‭wired‬‭networking‬‭is‬‭crucial‬‭for‬‭our‬‭project‬‭implementation.‬‭Some‬
‭major‬ ‭aspects‬ ‭have‬ ‭been‬ ‭stated‬ ‭below‬ ‭that‬ ‭show‬ ‭the‬ ‭various‬ ‭advantages‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬‭wireless‬‭network‬
‭over wired ones.‬

‭1.‬ ‭Mobility‬

‭9‬
 ‭ ne‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭major‬ ‭advantages‬ ‭of‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭is‬ ‭mobility.‬ ‭Users‬ ‭have‬ ‭the‬ ‭freedom‬ ‭to‬ ‭move‬
O
‭within‬ ‭the‬ ‭area‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭network‬ ‭with‬ ‭their‬ ‭computing‬ ‭devices‬ ‭staying‬ ‭connected‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬
‭network without being concerned about the cable connection.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Less Hassle‬

‭The‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬ ‭helps‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭reduction‬ ‭of‬ ‭large‬ ‭amounts‬ ‭of‬‭cables‬‭or‬‭wires‬‭which‬
b‭ ecomes chaotic and difficult to maintain, it makes the connection hassle-free.‬

‭3.‬ ‭Accessibility‬
‭ rovide‬ ‭network‬ ‭access‬ ‭across‬ ‭your‬ ‭organization,‬ ‭even‬ ‭in‬ ‭areas‬ ‭that‬ ‭have‬ ‭been‬
P
‭challenging to reach with the wired network, so your entire team can stay in touch‬‭.‬

‭4.‬ ‭Expandability‬
‭The‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬ ‭helps‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭expansion‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭network‬‭to‬‭a‬‭wide‬‭range‬‭by‬‭adding‬
‭ ultiple new users and locations without additional need to run cables and wires‬‭.‬
m

‭5.‬ ‭Guest Access‬

‭Offer‬ ‭secure‬ ‭network‬ ‭access‬ ‭to‬ ‭guest‬‭users,‬‭including‬‭customers‬‭and‬‭business‬‭partners,‬
‭while keeping your network resources protected.‬

‭With‬ ‭lots‬ ‭of‬ ‭advantages,‬ ‭there‬ ‭come‬ ‭disadvantages‬ ‭as‬ ‭well,‬ ‭like‬ ‭security‬ ‭issues‬ ‭which‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬
‭resolved‬‭using‬‭strict‬‭protection‬‭passwords.‬‭Also,‬‭the‬‭Speed‬‭of‬‭wireless‬‭networks‬‭is‬‭considered‬‭to‬
‭be slow and having low bandwidth when compared to the direct cable connection networks.‬

‭●‬ ‭Simulation Environment‬

‭The‬‭simulations‬‭of‬‭our‬‭network‬‭topology‬‭can‬‭be‬‭easily‬‭achieved‬‭using‬‭cisco‬‭packet‬‭tracer.‬‭Using‬
‭a‬‭simulation‬‭mode,‬‭you‬‭can‬‭see‬‭packets‬‭flowing‬‭from‬‭one‬‭node‬‭to‬‭another‬‭and‬‭can‬‭also‬‭click‬‭on‬‭a‬
‭packet‬ ‭to‬ ‭see‬ ‭detailed‬ ‭information‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭OSI‬ ‭layers‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭network.‬‭Packet‬‭Tracer‬‭offers‬‭a‬
‭huge‬‭platform‬‭to‬‭combine‬‭realistic‬‭simulations‬‭and‬‭visualize‬‭them‬‭simultaneously.‬‭Cisco‬‭Packet‬
‭Tracer‬ ‭makes‬ ‭learning‬ ‭and‬ ‭teaching‬ ‭significantly‬ ‭easier‬ ‭by‬ ‭supporting‬ ‭multi-user‬ ‭collaboration‬
‭and by providing a realistic simulation environment for experimenting with projects.‬

‭10‬
 ‭CHAPTER 3‬

‭METHODOLOGY‬

I‭ n‬‭order‬‭to‬‭make‬‭our‬‭project‬‭understandable,‬‭we‬‭have‬‭divided‬‭the‬‭content‬‭into‬‭steps.‬‭They‬‭are‬‭as‬
‭follows:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Software and hardware requirements‬

‭ efore‬ ‭heading‬ ‭towards‬ ‭the‬ ‭implementation‬ ‭we‬ ‭need‬ ‭to‬ ‭make‬ ‭sure‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭following‬
B
‭requirements.‬

‭‬
● ‭ proper workstation (any mid-high range laptop will suffice).‬
A
‭●‬ ‭Packet Tracer by Cisco‬
‭●‬ ‭8 GB RAM.‬
‭●‬ ‭Any 10,000+ Average CPU Mark scored processor.‬
‭●‬ ‭16 GB of dedicated hard disk space.‬
‭●‬ ‭USB 3.0+ port.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Brief knowledge about our approach‬

‭ he‬ ‭proposed‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬ ‭is‬ ‭implemented‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭college‬ ‭campus.‬ ‭We‬‭have‬‭made‬‭a‬
T
‭virtual‬‭visualization‬‭of‬‭the‬‭network‬‭using‬‭the‬‭Cisco‬‭Packet‬‭tracer‬‭which‬‭provides‬‭a‬‭huge‬
‭platform‬‭for‬‭users‬‭to‬‭test‬‭their‬‭projects‬‭using‬‭simulation‬‭tools.‬‭A‬‭Wireless‬‭network‬‭in‬‭an‬
‭educational‬ ‭campus‬ ‭makes‬ ‭it‬ ‭easier‬ ‭for‬ ‭teachers‬ ‭and‬ ‭students‬ ‭to‬ ‭access‬ ‭educational‬
‭resources, by enabling an important platform to exchange information.‬

‭Figure 1: Shows the wireless connection access by various tool‬

‭3.‬ ‭Network Requirements‬

‭11‬
 ‭ he college outline is considered for this wireless college network.‬
T
‭The network is divided into 2 areas :‬

‭1.‬ C ‭ ampus Area‬

‭The‬ ‭Campus‬ ‭area‬ ‭is‬ ‭further‬ ‭divided‬ ‭into‬ ‭various‬ ‭accessing‬ ‭points‬ ‭like‬ ‭Dome‬
‭building,‬ ‭Library,‬ ‭Academic‬ ‭Blocks‬ ‭(AB1‬ ‭and‬ ‭AB2),‬ ‭Server‬ ‭Center,‬ ‭and‬ ‭IT‬
‭consulting.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Hostel Area‬
‭The Hostel area is further divided into Boys blocks and Girls blocks respectively.‬

‭Figure 2:Basic layout of our wireless access points in college‬

‭Devices Used In The Network‬

‭Devices‬ ‭Quantity‬

‭1) Router (1941)‬ ‭3‬

‭2) Switches (2960-24TT)‬ ‭3‬

‭3) EMAIL server‬ ‭1‬

‭4) DNS server‬ ‭1‬

‭5) WEB server (HTTP)‬ ‭1‬

‭6) Wireless Device (Access Point)‬ ‭7‬

‭7) PCs‬ ‭12‬

‭8) Laptops‬ ‭10‬

‭9) Smartphones‬ ‭2‬

‭12‬
 ‭Figure 3: Devices used in the network‬

‭4.‬ ‭Implementation and Flow Diagram‬

‭●‬ T
‭ o‬ ‭design‬ ‭the‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭college‬‭we‬‭initially‬‭started‬‭by‬‭placing‬‭the‬
‭core devices into the frame as mentioned in the layout.‬

‭●‬ F
‭ irstly,‬‭we‬‭placed‬‭the‬‭main‬‭router‬‭at‬‭the‬‭center‬‭of‬‭the‬‭college‬‭outline,‬‭which‬‭was‬
‭further‬‭connected‬‭to‬‭the‬‭server‬‭switch‬‭using‬‭the‬‭gigabit‬‭ethernet‬‭port‬‭with‬‭copper‬
‭straight-through‬ ‭cable‬‭and‬‭sub‬‭routers‬‭(‬‭campus‬‭router‬‭and‬‭hostel‬‭router‬‭)‬‭using‬
‭the‬ ‭serial‬ ‭port‬ ‭with‬ ‭serial‬ ‭DCE‬ ‭cable‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭hostel‬ ‭area‬ ‭and‬ ‭campus‬ ‭area‬
‭respectively.‬

‭●‬ T
‭ he‬‭server‬‭switch‬‭was‬‭further‬‭connected‬‭to‬‭the‬‭EMAIL,‬‭DNS,‬‭and‬‭WEB‬‭servers‬
‭respectively.‬

‭●‬ C
‭ ampus‬‭router‬‭was‬‭connected‬‭to‬‭the‬‭campus‬‭switch‬‭which‬‭was‬‭further‬‭connected‬
‭with‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭access‬ ‭points‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭academic‬ ‭block‬ ‭(‭A
‬ B1‬ ‭and‬ ‭AB2‬‭),‬ ‭dome‬
‭building‬‭,‬‭library,‬‭and‬‭IT consulting.‬

‭●‬ T
‭ he‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭access‬ ‭points‬ ‭were‬ ‭then‬ ‭connected‬ ‭to‬ ‭computing‬ ‭devices‬ ‭(PCs,‬
‭laptops, and smartphones).‬

‭●‬ S
‭ imilarly,‬‭the‬‭hostel‬‭router‬‭was‬‭connected‬‭to‬‭the‬‭hostel‬‭switch‬‭which‬‭was‬‭further‬
‭connected with the wireless access point of boys block and girls block.‬

‭●‬ T
‭ he‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭access‬ ‭points‬ ‭were‬ ‭then‬ ‭connected‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬‭computing‬‭devices‬‭(PCs,‬
‭laptops,‬‭and‬‭smartphones),‬‭every‬‭area‬‭has‬‭a‬‭dedicated‬‭access‬‭point‬‭which‬‭can‬‭only‬
‭be connected with the help of a password.‬

‭●‬ A
‭ ll‬ ‭these‬ ‭connections‬ ‭are‬ ‭made‬ ‭through‬ ‭ethernet‬ ‭ports‬ ‭(gigabit‬‭ethernet‬‭and‬‭fast‬
‭ethernet) using copper straight-through cables.‬

‭13‬
‭This is the flow diagram for a better understanding of the steps mentioned above.‬

‭14‬
‭5.‬ ‭Configuring IP Addresses‬
‭We have attached the screenshots of all the IP configuration below:‬

‭●‬ ‭Main Router configuration‬

‭GigabitEthernet0/1‬

‭Serial0/1/0‬

‭Serial0/1/1‬

‭RIP‬

‭15‬
‭●‬ ‭DNS SERVER‬

‭●‬ ‭WEB SERVER‬

‭16‬
‭●‬ ‭EMAIL SERVER‬

‭●‬ ‭COLLEGE ROUTER‬

‭GigabitEthernet0/0‬

‭Serial0/1/0‬

‭●‬ ‭ACADEMIC BLOCK 1‬

‭17‬
 I‭ P Address are as follows‬
‭192.168.1.14- Laptop‬
‭192.168.1.15- PC‬
‭192.168.1.16- Laptop‬
‭192.168.1.17- PC‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.1.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭●‬ ‭ACADEMIC BLOCK 2‬

I‭ P Address are as follows‬

‭192.168.1.10- Laptop‬
‭192.168.1.11- PC‬
‭192.168.1.12- Laptop‬
‭192.168.1.13- PC‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.1.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭●‬ ‭DOME BUILDING‬

‭18‬
 I‭ P Addresses are as follows‬
‭192.168.1.2- PC‬
‭192.168.1.3- PC‬
‭192.168.1.4- Laptop‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.1.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭●‬ ‭LIBRARY‬

I‭ P Addresses are as follows‬

‭192.168.1.5- PC‬
‭192.168.1.6- PC‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.1.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭●‬ ‭IT Consulting‬

‭19‬
 I‭ P Addresses are as follows‬
‭192.168.1.7- Laptop‬
‭192.168.1.8- PC‬
‭192.168.1.9- PC‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.1.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭●‬ ‭HOSTEL ROUTER‬

‭GigabitEthernet0/0‬

‭Serial0/1/0‬

‭●‬ ‭Boys Block‬

‭20‬
 I‭ P Addresses are as follows‬
‭192.168.3.6- PC‬
‭192.168.3.7-Laptop‬
‭192.168.3.8- PC‬
‭192.168.3.9- Smartphone‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.3.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭●‬ ‭Girls Block‬

I‭ P Addresses are as follows‬

‭192.168.3.2- PC‬
‭192.168.3.3-Laptop‬
‭192.168.3.4- PC‬
‭192.168.3.5- Smartphone‬
‭Subnet Mask- 255.255.255.0‬
‭Default Gateway- 192.168.3.1‬
‭DNS Server- 192.168.2.3‬

‭21‬
‭●‬ ‭WIRELESS ACCESS POINT‬

‭SSID‬ ‭Password‬

‭1)muj_dome‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭2)muj_library‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭3)muj_ITC‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭4)muj_AB1‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭5)muj_AB2‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭6)muj_boys‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭7)muj_girls‬ ‭1234567890‬

‭22‬
‭6.‬ ‭Securing the network‬

‭ asswords‬ ‭are‬ ‭used‬ ‭in‬ ‭accessing‬ ‭the‬ ‭router‬ ‭and‬ ‭all‬‭the‬‭wireless‬‭networks‬‭(mentioned‬‭in‬

P
‭step 5 wireless access point) to make the access limited to college authorized users only.‬

‭Routers‬ ‭are‬ ‭also‬ ‭secured‬ ‭with‬ ‭ssh‬ ‭(Secure‬ ‭Shell).‬ ‭Routers‬‭and‬‭their‬‭assigned‬‭passwords‬

a‭ re mentioned below:‬

‭Router Name‬ ‭Passwords‬

‭1)main_router‬ ‭ onsole password: cisco‬

C
‭ssh password: admin‬

‭2)Router1(College Router)‬ ‭ onsole password:muj@123‬

C
‭ssh password: admin‬

‭3)Router2(Hostel Router)‬ ‭ onsole password:muj@123‬

C
‭ssh password: admin‬

‭23‬
‭24‬
‭Connectivity of wireless network on computing devices‬

‭25‬
 ‭CHAPTER 4‬

‭RESULT & DISCUSSION‬

‭ inally,‬ ‭we‬ ‭have‬ ‭combined‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭steps‬ ‭as‬ ‭mentioned‬ ‭in‬ ‭chapter‬ ‭3‬ ‭(work‬ ‭done)‬ ‭and‬
F
‭implemented‬ ‭the‬ ‭desired‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭network‬ ‭for‬ ‭college.‬ ‭We‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭complete‬ ‭network‬
‭providing various facilities to the teaching staff, non-teaching staff, and students.‬

‭The complete diagram of the college Area Network Scenario created in Packet‬
‭Tracer environment‬

‭26‬
‭●‬ ‭Final Simulation‬

I‭ n‬‭Simulation‬‭Mode,‬‭you‬‭can‬‭watch‬‭your‬‭network‬‭run‬‭at‬‭a‬‭slower‬‭pace,‬‭observing‬‭the‬‭paths‬‭that‬
‭packets‬‭take‬‭and‬‭inspecting‬‭them‬‭in‬‭detail.‬‭The‬‭proposed‬‭architecture,‬‭when‬‭simulated‬‭on‬‭Cisco‬
‭Packet Tracer, produced results which are demonstrated as follows:‬

‭Final simulation for the network system to check‬‭all the connections‬

‭27‬
‭●‬ ‭Ping‬ ‭Test:‬ ‭Network‬ ‭connectivity‬ ‭and‬ ‭communication‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭tested‬ ‭using‬ ‭the‬ ‭ping‬ ‭command,‬
f‭ ollowed‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭domain‬ ‭name‬ ‭or‬ ‭the‬ ‭IP‬ ‭address‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭device‬‭(equipment)‬‭whose‬‭connectivity‬
‭one wishes to verify‬‭.‬

‭28‬
‭29‬
 ‭CHAPTER 5‬

‭CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK‬

‭●‬ ‭Conclusion‬

‭ e‬ ‭started‬ ‭our‬ ‭discussion‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭word‬ ‭“digitalization”‬ ‭and‬ ‭in‬ ‭order‬ ‭to‬ ‭achieve‬ ‭it,‬ ‭we‬
W
‭aimed‬ ‭to‬ ‭start‬ ‭with‬ ‭an‬ ‭educational‬ ‭institute,‬ ‭and‬ ‭finally,‬ ‭we‬ ‭designed‬ ‭a‬ ‭network‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬
‭college,‬‭which‬‭is‬‭wireless.‬‭As‬‭we‬‭mentioned,‬‭mobility‬‭and‬‭efficiency‬‭are‬‭the‬‭key‬‭aspects‬
‭of‬ ‭wireless‬ ‭networks,‬ ‭which‬ ‭were‬ ‭our‬ ‭main‬ ‭goal,‬ ‭and‬ ‭hence,‬ ‭we‬ ‭decided‬ ‭to‬ ‭shift‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬
‭wireless network instead of a wired one, making our network clean and less chaotic.‬
‭In‬‭this‬‭project,‬ ‭we‬‭designed‬‭a‬ ‭college‬‭Network‬‭using‬ ‭Cisco‬ ‭Packet‬ ‭Tracer‬‭that‬
‭uses‬ ‭a‬ ‭networking‬ ‭topology‬ ‭implemented‬ ‭using‬ ‭servers,‬ ‭routers,‬ ‭switches,‬ ‭and‬ ‭end‬
‭devices‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭multiple‬‭area‬‭networks.‬‭We‬‭have‬‭covered‬‭all‬‭the‬‭necessary‬‭features‬‭that‬‭are‬
‭required‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭network‬ ‭to‬ ‭function‬ ‭properly.‬ ‭We‬‭have‬‭included‬‭a‬‭DNS‬‭server‬‭and‬‭a‬‭web‬
‭server‬ ‭for‬ ‭establishing‬ ‭a‬ ‭smooth‬ ‭communication‬ ‭system‬ ‭between‬ ‭different‬ ‭areas‬ ‭of‬ ‭our‬
‭network‬‭and‬‭specifically‬‭for‬‭the‬‭communication‬‭between‬‭students‬‭and‬‭teachers.‬‭We‬‭have‬
‭included‬ ‭an‬‭email‬‭server‬‭to‬‭facilitate‬‭intra‬‭college‬‭communication‬‭through‬‭emails‬‭within‬
‭the‬‭domain.‬‭We‬‭have‬‭used‬‭console‬‭passwords‬‭and‬‭ssh‬‭protocol‬‭to‬‭ensure‬‭a‬‭safe‬‭and‬‭secure‬
‭transfer of data.‬

‭●‬ ‭Future Work‬

‭ he‬ ‭configuration‬ ‭and‬ ‭specifications‬ ‭are‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭initial‬ ‭prototype‬ ‭and‬ ‭can‬‭further‬‭be‬‭developed‬
T
‭and‬ ‭additional‬ ‭functionality‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭added‬ ‭to‬ ‭increase‬ ‭support‬ ‭and‬ ‭coverage‬ ‭of‬ ‭our‬ ‭existing‬
‭network.‬

‭30‬
‭REFERENCES‬

‭[1]‬‭https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_Tracer‬

‭[2]‬‭https://www.paessler.com/it-explained/server‬

[‭ 3]‬‭https://computernetworking747640215.wordpress.com/2018/07/05/secure-shell-ssh-configura‬
‭tion-on-a-switch-and-router-in-packet-tracer/‬

‭[4]‬‭http://router.over-blog.com/article-how-to-configure-cisco-router-password-106850439.html‬

‭[5]‬‭https://www.cognoscape.com/benefits-going-wireless/‬

‭31‬