Godwin It Report Main Work
Godwin It Report Main Work
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was first established
in 1973 by Industrial Training Fund (ITF) with the aim of exposing student in
tertiary institutes to professional work methods and ways of safe guarding the
As a federal parasternal ITF was established in1971 and charged with the
to meet the need of the economy and promotion and incorporating the
acquisition skills.
established SIWES outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives are to:
1
2. It expose Students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment
and machinery that may not be available in their institutions. 3. It makes the
transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students’
contact for later job placements and a chance to evaluate companies for which
knowledge in real work and industrial situations, there by bridging the gap
5. The program teaches the students on how to interact effectively with other
engineering.
techniques.
2
1.3 ORGANIZATION PROFILE
Technical matters.
1.3.1 VISION
A Ministry where its staff are faithful in carrying out their professional duties
in line with the physical policies of Government thereby giving value for
1.3.2 MISSION
3
1.3.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE MINISTRY
As earlier stated, the Ministry is a professional Ministry and has the following
functions:
1. Design of highways
Maintenance
Government Buildings.
4
5. The Ministry also serves as the technical adviser and supervisor of other
The Commissioner is the head and Chief Executive of the Ministry and is
assisted by the Permanent Secretary who is the administrative head and, the
The Ministry of Works has for administrative convenience been divided into
Administrative Department
5
Mechanical Engineering Department
1.3.5 ACHIEVEMENTS
THE STATE
with the controller, Federal Ministry of Works and Federal Roads Maintenance
4. Gg
6
CHAPTER TWO
environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.
system. (Gupta 2009), in his opinion defines Highway Engineering as the art of
with road engineering. However, the term road or road ways was called
above the general ground level to avoid drainage and maintenance problems.
7
Its scope includes development, planning, alignment, geometric design and
which is related to the movement of goods and people from their origin to
economic output by reducing journey time and cost, making a region more
attractive economically. The actual construction process will have the added
or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved
cart, bicycle, or horse. Road network system in Nigeria has been classified into
a) Trunk A Roads: - This form the major network around which other categories
of roads are built. They run through the length and breadth of the country. They
connect ports, capitals of various states and also provide international links
8
b) Trunk B Roads: - These are the highway within the states, as they connect
important towns and cities of the states. They also connect the cities of the
states to federal highways end serve as the main arteries of traffic to and fro
c) Trunk C Roads: - These are also called local government roads. They are
constructed with nearly the same specifications as those of the state highways.
They are intended to connect areas of production and market with state
d) DFRRI Roads: - These are the least in Nigerian classifying system and they are
connected to major district roads and railways. They are intended to serve the
1. Crown
2. Camber
3. Surface/Wearing Course
4. Kerbs
5. Shoulder
6. Drainage
7. Base Course
8. Sub-base Course
9. Formation level
1. Excavators: These machines are used to dig trenches and excavate the soil.
blade in the front. They are used to push and move large amounts of soil,
3. Graders: Graders are used to create a smooth, flat surface on the road by
leveling the soil or gravel. They have a long blade that can be adjusted to
10
4. Dump Trucks: They are used to transport materials like gravels, asphalt,
aggregate, from one place to another. They are equipped with a large bucket
in the front, which can be filled and then dumped into trucks or other
containers.
6. Rollers: Rollers are used to compact the soil, gravel, or asphalt layers on the
road surface. They apply pressure to the material, reducing air voids and
7. Pavers: Pavers are used to lay and shape asphalt or concrete layers on the
road surface. They distribute and compact the material, creating a smooth
These earth moving plants require skilled operators to handle them safely
and efficiently. They are essential in road construction projects to ensure the
are some common survey instruments and their uses in road construction:
1. Total Station: Total stations are electronic/optical devices used for measuring
angles and distances. They are used in road construction for setting out
sections.
11
2. GPS/GNSS Receivers: Global Positioning System (GPS) or Global Navigation
the Earth's surface. They are used in road construction for surveying, mapping,
3. Automatic Levels: Automatic levels are optical instruments used for measuring
height differentials and determining level points. They are used in road
4. Digital Levels: Digital levels are modern instruments used for precise leveling
measurements. They offer digital readouts for height differentials and are used
and vertical angles. They are used in road construction for setting out curves,
6. Measuring Wheels/Tapes: Measuring wheels and tapes are manual tools used
for measuring distances. They are used in road construction for taking linear
1. Surveying and Planning: this includes site assessment, surveying the area,
2. Clearing and Grubbing: Removing trees, vegetation, and debris from the
construction site.
12
3. Earthwork: Excavating soil, cutting slopes, and filling low areas to create a
road structure.
accumulation.
layers, which include the sub-base, base course, and surface course.
9. Landscaping: Planting trees, shrubs, and grass along the roadside for
13
CHAPTER THREE
I was posted to site by Ministry of Works and transport Plateau State, under
which they were award the contract to carry out the rehabitation and
maintenance of one for the (Road A), ATMN (Road B), and DB Zang (Road C)
One of the most important aspects of the design of a road is the provision made
for protecting the road from surface water or ground water. If water is allowed
to enter the structure of the road, the pavement will be weakened and it will be
much more susceptible to damage by traffic. Water can enter the road as a
water. The road surface must be constructed with a sufficient camber or cross
fall to shed rainwater quickly and the formation of the road must be raised
above the level of the local water table to prevent it being affected by ground
2. To control the level of the water table in the subgrade beneath the carriageway
14
4. To convey water across the line of the road in a controlled fashion.
1. Planning and Design: Determine the location and dimensions of the line drain
based on factors such as the road gradient, drainage requirements, and local
regulations.
2. Clearing and Excavation: the area alongside the road where the line drain will
be constructed was cleared and they excavated the soil to a specified depth of
3. Drain water flow determination: Levels were been taken at various points with
the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction drain water flow. This was conducted by
the surveyor with the use of surveying instruments such as dumpy level, pegs
15
Leveling staff on a peg Automatic level
4. Blinding: blinding was done on the surface area in other to correct any
irregularity in the level of the bed of the excavated surface and to provide a
16
5. Block work: 9 inches blocks was laid on the blinded surface for the
construction of the line drain walls and was filled with weak concrete of ratio
1:5:10
6. Capping : Formwork was done on the top of the line drain walls and the cap
was casted
17
7. Plastering : This is the finishing, which thin coat (mortar) was applied on the
The term Earthworks refers to the removal or placement of soils and other
Laterite is filled into the cut portion of the road and compacted using sheep
foot roller and smooth wheel roller. Laterite is a deep brown soil of cellular
structure, easy to excavate, but gets hardened on exposure to air owing to the
formation of hydrated iron oxides, and the grader leveled the road by cutting
places that were too high and filling place that needed filling and was
compacted
Grading
18
3.5 SUB-BASE COURSE CONSTRUCTION
The sub-base material was laid on top of the compacted sub-grade by a grader.
Water is sprayed on the laterite to give it the required moisture just enough to
when there will be another layer of laterite to be laid on the current layer to
create bond between the two layers. This was done by water truck
3.5.2 COMPACTION
After water was sprayed on the laterite, it was then compacter by a smooth
Compaction of laterite
Most of the compaction in the field is done with the aid of compaction equipment
19
a. Smooth-wheel rollers: they are suitable for proof rolling sub-grades and for
finishing operation of fills with sandy and clayey soils which are divided in two
b. Pneumatic rubber tire rollers: they are heavily loaded with several rows of tires.
Pneumatic rollers can be used for sandy and clayey soil compaction.
c. Sheep foot rollers: these are drums with large number of projections. These
rollers are most effective in compacting clayey soils. These projections help in
creating bond between the current layer of soil and the next layer of soil to be laid.
The base course material is laid on top of the compacted sub-base by a grader
to provide addition support for the road. This layer is made up of stone base
20
Grading of stone base
Water is sprayed on the stone base to give it the required moisture just enough
21
3.7 PRIMING
This is the spraying of MC1 (Medium curing) on the surface of the prepared
base course material (stone base). After spraying the MC1, it was allowed for
placed, with no rain in the forecast.. The main purpose of priming is to;
a) To coat and bond loose material particles on the surface of the base,
construction equipment,
moisture,
d) To provide adhesion between the base course and the succeeding asphalt
course. For the prime coat to be successful, it must be able to penetrate into
Priming
22
3.8 BLINDING
After application of MC1 (prime coat) to the base and the asphalt is not readily
available, blinding is done. This is the application of sharp sand or quarry dust
b) To allow vehicles to use the roads immediately after priming and blinding,
c) To prevent the MC1 from sticking to the tires of vehicles thereby cleaning it
The pavement is the top course of the road that carries traffic. It is typically
Asphalt laying involves spreading hot asphalt mix over a prepared surface, then
bituminous pitch with sand and gravel used for road pavement and hot mixed
on the environmental conditions and the distance from the hot mix plant to the
23
site. Laying of the asphalt was done by a paver, and a dump truck was used to
transport and feed the paver the asphalt. The asphalt was laid at a thickness of
0.05m and was compacted to 0.04m by a smooth wheeled roller and after that,
a pneumatic rubber tire roller was used to smooth out the asphalt, forming an
even surface
CHAPTER FOUR
24
4.1 SUMMARY
acquainted with the working skills and techniques of the course of my study
I am now more technically sound than when I left school, the training has
blended theory with practical for me, and I observed that Civil Engineers use
economy and durability. But at the same time supervising the project closely to
make sure it is being executed exactly the way the design was and plan.
4.2 CONCLUSION
Theory with practical is the best way of studying. I had the opportunity to see
MC1, asphalt laying etc. This experience made it possible for me to relate what
4.3 RECOMMENDATION
it exposes the student to work tools, facilities, and equipment that may not
25
be available in their respective institutions in relation to their course of
should be implemented:
be fully realized.
promptly.
26