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Chapter-7 Spread Spectrum Techniques

This document discusses spread spectrum modulation techniques for wireless communications. It describes frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum, and how code division multiple access exploits spread spectrum transmission to allow multiple users to share bandwidth with little interference.

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42 views

Chapter-7 Spread Spectrum Techniques

This document discusses spread spectrum modulation techniques for wireless communications. It describes frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum, and how code division multiple access exploits spread spectrum transmission to allow multiple users to share bandwidth with little interference.

Uploaded by

guddumallick50
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spread Spectrum Modulation Technique

Spread Spectrum

Spread spectrum is an important form of modulation technique for


wireless communications. The use of spread spectrum makes jamming
and interception more difficult and provides improved reception.
• The basic idea of spread spectrum is to modulate the signal so as to
increase significantly the bandwidth (spread the spectrum) of the signal
to be transmitted.
Spread Spectrum Techniques

Frequency-hopping spread spectrum is a form of spread spectrum in


which the signal is broadcast over a seemingly random series of radio
frequencies, hopping from frequency to frequency at fixed intervals.
Direct sequence spread spectrum is a form of spread spectrum in which
each bit in the original signal is represented by multiple bits in the
transmitted signal, using a spreading code.
Code division multiple access exploits the nature of spread spectrum
transmission to enable multiple users to independently use the same
bandwidth with very little interference
Spread Spectrum

• important encoding method for wireless


communications
• analog & digital data with analog signal
• spreads data over wide bandwidth
• makes jamming and interception harder
• two approaches, both in use:
• Frequency Hopping
• Direct Sequence
General Model of Spread
Spectrum System
Spread Spectrum Advantages

 immunity from noise and multipath distortion


 can hide / encrypt signals
 several users can share same higher bandwidth with
little interference
 CDM/CDMA Mobile telephones
Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum (FHSS)
 signal is broadcast over seemingly random series of
frequencies
 receiver hops between frequencies in sync with
transmitter
 eavesdroppers hear unintelligible blips
 jamming on one frequency affects only a few bits
Frequency Hopping Example
Slow MFSK FHSS
Slow and Fast FHSS
 commonly use multiple FSK (MFSK)
 have frequency shifted every Tc seconds
 duration of signal element is Ts seconds
 Slow FHSS has Tc  Ts
 Fast FHSS has Tc < Ts
 FHSS quite resistant to noise or jamming
 with fast FHSS giving better performance
Fast MFSK FHSS
FHSS (Transmitter)
Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum System (Receiver)
Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum (DSSS)
 each bit is represented by multiple bits using a
spreading code
 this spreads signal across a wider frequency band
 has performance similar to FHSS
Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum Example
Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum System
DSSS Example Using BPSK
Approximate
Spectrum of
DSSS Signal
Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
 a multiplexing technique used with spread spectrum
 given a data signal rate D
 break each bit into k chips according to a fixed chipping
code specific to each user
 resulting new channel has chip data rate kD chips per
second
 can have multiple channels superimposed
CDMA Example
CDMA for DSSS
Summary

 looked at use of spread spectrum techniques:


 FHSS
 DSSS
 CDMA

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