OM SRI SAI RAM

SSSIHL BIOLOGY INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Diversity of Living Organisms:

1. What is taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the science of classification, identification, and naming of

organisms.

2. Explain the classification of animals.

Animals are classified into different phyla based on their morphological

and anatomical characteristics.

3. Define non-chordates and provide examples.

Non-chordates are animals that do not possess a notochord. Examples

include Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, and
Arthropoda.

4. What are chordates?

Chordates are animals with a notochord at some stage of their

development. Examples include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals.

Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology:

5. Describe the integumentary system.

The integumentary system is the skin and its appendages, providing

protection and regulating temperature.

6. Explain the digestive system.

The digestive system processes food for nutrient absorption and waste
elimination.
7. What is the respiratory system?

The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange between the body and
the environment.

8. Define the circulatory system.

The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products

throughout the body.

9. Explain the excretory system.

The excretory system removes metabolic wastes from the body.

10. What is the muscular system?

The muscular system allows movement and supports the body.

11. Describe the nervous system.

The nervous system coordinates body functions and responds to stimuli.

12. What are the endocrine and reproductive systems?

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions with hormones, while

the reproductive system produces offspring.

13. Define connective tissue and provide examples.

Connective tissue supports and connects different structures in the

body. Examples include bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, and blood.

14. Explain epithelial tissue and its functions.

Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines body cavities, providing

protection and secretion.

15. Describe the histology of different organs.

Histology is the study of tissues. Organs have unique histological

features reflecting their functions.

Developmental Biology:

16. What is gametogenesis?

Gametogenesis is the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells)
through meiosis.

17. Explain fertilization and cleavage.

Fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg, followed by cleavage, rapid

cell divisions.

18. Define blastulation.

Blastulation is the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a blastula.

Genetics:

19. State Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Mendel's laws include segregation and independent assortment,

governing inheritance.

20. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Genes are located on chromosomes and inherited during cell division.

21. Explain incomplete dominance and co-dominance.

Incomplete dominance shows a blending of traits, while co-dominance

shows both traits expressed.

22. What are deviations from Mendelian ratios?

Deviations occur when inheritance patterns don't follow Mendel's laws.

23. Define multiple alleles and provide examples.

Multiple alleles are more than two forms of a gene in a population.

Example: ABO blood group.

24. Explain sex determination.

Sex is determined by genetic factors, typically involving sex

chromosomes.

25. Discuss linkage and crossing over.

Linkage is the tendency of genes on the same chromosome to be
inherited together. Crossing over involves exchange of genetic material
between homologous chromosomes.

26. What are Mendelian disorders?

Genetic disorders following Mendelian inheritance patterns.

27. Define chromosomal disorders.

Disorders caused by abnormalities in chromosome number or structure.

28. Explain DNA and RNA replication.

DNA and RNA molecules are copied during cell division.

29. Describe transcription and genetic code.

Transcription converts DNA into RNA using the genetic code.

30. What is gene expression?

The process by which genes produce their effects in the cell.

31. Discuss regulation of gene expression.

Gene expression is controlled by regulatory mechanisms.

32. What is the Human Genome Project?

An international effort to sequence the entire human genome.

33. Explain DNA fingerprinting.

A technique for identifying individuals based on unique DNA patterns.

Evolution of Life:

34. What are the evidences for evolution?

Fossils, embryology, and comparative anatomy provide evidence for

evolution.

35. Discuss Lamarck's theory of evolution.

Lamarck proposed that organisms evolve through the inheritance of
acquired characteristics.

36. Explain Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Darwin proposed that organisms with advantageous traits are more

likely to survive and reproduce.

37. What is the theory of evolution by mutation proposed by De Vries?

De Vries proposed that evolution occurs through sudden genetic

changes called mutations.

38. Provide an overview of human evolution.

Human evolution traces the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens from

ancestral primates.

Applied Zoology:

39. Discuss major animal diseases and their control methods.

Bacterial, viral, protozoal, and helminthic diseases are controlled

through vaccination, hygiene, and treatment.

40. Explain domestication and introduction of animals.

Domestication involves the selective breeding of wild animals for human

use. Introduction involves bringing non-native species into new
environments.

41. What is immunity?

Immunity is the body's ability to defend against pathogens.

Plant Kingdom:

42. Describe the five kingdom classification.

Organisms are classified into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and

Animalia.

43. Explain major groups in the plant kingdom.

Plants are classified into various groups based on their characteristics
and reproductive structures.

Morphology and Anatomy:

44. Discuss the structural organization of stem, leaf, and root.

Stems, leaves, and roots have specialized structures adapted to their

functions.

45. Define tissues and their types.

Tissues are groups of cells performing similar functions. Types include

parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Embryology and Physiology:

46. Explain the structure and function of flowers.

Flowers are reproductive structures containing male and female

reproductive organs.

47. What are the different types of inflorescence?

Inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on a plant.

48. Discuss photosynthesis and factors affecting it.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into

chemical energy. Factors affecting it include light intensity and carbon
dioxide concentration.

49. Explain water absorption in plants.

Water is absorbed through roots and transported through the xylem.

50. What is the ascent of sap?

The ascent of sap is the movement of water from roots to leaves against
gravity.

51. Define transpiration and its mechanisms.

Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant tissues. It occurs

through stomata and leaf surfaces.
52. Discuss respiration in plants.

Respiration involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy for

plant growth and metabolism.

53. Explain the process of growth in plants.

Growth in plants involves cell division and enlargement, regulated by

hormones.

54. Define mineral nutrition in plants.

Plants require essential minerals for growth and development.

Applied Botany:

55. What is plant breeding?

Plant breeding involves manipulating plant genetics to produce desired

traits.

56. Discuss the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture.

Fertilizers provide essential nutrients, while pesticides control pests

and diseases.

Cell Biology:

57. What is the cell theory?

The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells.

58. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

59. Describe cell organelles and their functions.

Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific

functions.

60. Explain mitosis and its significance.

Mitosis is cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter
cells.

61. What is meiosis and its importance?

Meiosis is cell division resulting in four haploid daughter cells,

important for sexual reproduction.

Ecology:

62. Define organism and population.

An organism is an individual living entity, while a population consists of

individuals of the same species in a specific area.

63. Explain ecological adaptation.

Ecological adaptation refers to the ability of organisms to adjust to their

environment.

64. What are ecosystems?

Ecosystems are communities of organisms interacting with each other

and their environment.

65. Describe energy flow in ecosystems.

Energy flows through ecosystems from producers to consumers and

decomposers.

66. Discuss nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

Nutrients are recycled through biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems.

SAI RAM

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