CBSE

CLASS – XII

OLD QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

(Source of Grasping Subject & Gaining Marks)
By

Mr. M.Ravi Kiran 9490236965

[email protected] [email protected]
PGT-ITof JNV West Godavari

JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

PEDAVEGI, WEST GODAVARI
DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH.
Phone:08812-259461 Fax: 08812-259890
E-Mail: [email protected] Website: : www.jnvwestgodavari.com

“The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom”

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 1 9 490236965,[email protected]
 PREFACE

Dear Faculty/Children,

I am Ravi Kiran, Working as a Post Graduate Teacher

(Information Technology) in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya and
have been teaching Computer Science.

I am interested in teaching and I have passion to

teach. So I planned to continue my career as a teacher (which
is noblest profession in the world). I have great concern for my
subject ie Computer Science.

I have planned to prepare a study material so as to

help the students in preparing especially for exams. With that
good interest, as my first attempt, I started preparing XII class
Chapter Wise Old Questions (from 1998 to 2008). XII class
Computer Science (Paper code: 083) Consists 14 Chapters. In
this very material, I prepared Old Questions from 9 chapters. I
am planning to complete the remaining 5 chapters too.

I have an interest to prepare Chapter Wise Material also.

For that as an attempt, I prepared material for chapter 5 ie
Constructors and Destructors. I have added that material too
in this book. Please go through that and give me some feed
back. I deserve for your feedback. Your feedback will becomes
a catalyst for me in preparing material for the remaining
chapters. If you too prepare any material or any soft copy is
there with you related to computer science paper, please send
me.

I feel that I gave answers accurately (to the best of my

knowledge), but if you find any typing erros, or any better
solugion, or any suggestions, Please send me. I feel very happy
if you send some suggestions. If any of you have any doubt in
subject, you can fell free to contact me at any time to

Phone: 9490236965
9949001361
Yours ….
Ever….Dear….
Faculty & Friend
M.Ravi Kiran

Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Thank you Lord, for everything. I never have words

to say to you what I want to say.
But Thank you very much.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 2 9 490236965,[email protected]
 CONTENTS

Chap Chapter Name Page

No Number
1 C++ Revision Tour 4
2 Structures 33
3 Object Oriented Programming 40
4 Classes and Objects 43
5 Constructors and Destructors 55
6 Inheritance 76
8 Pointers 91
11 Database Concepts 96
12 Structured Query Language 100
Constructors and Destructors 116
Material
CBSE Model Paper Set I 127
CBSE Model Paper Set II 150

The Remaining Chapters (Which are not included in this

material):

Chap 7: Data File Handling

Chap 9: Arrays

Chap 10: Linked Lists, Stacks and Queues

Chap 13: Boolean Algebra

Chap 14: Communication and Network Concepts

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 3 9 490236965,[email protected]

 1. C++ REVISION TOUR
2008 Delhi:
1.b)Name the header files that shall be needed for the following
code: 1
void main( )
{
char String[ ] = “Peace”;
cout << setw(2)<<String;
}

Ans) iomanip.h
iostream.h

1. c)Rewrite the following program after removing the

syntactical error(s) if any. Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
First = 10, Second = 20;
Jumpto(First;Second);
Jumpto(Second);
}
void Jumpto(int N1, int N2 = 20)
{
N1=N1+N2;
count<<N1>>N2;
}

Ans)#include<iostream.h>
void Jumpto(int N1,int N2=20); //Prototype missing
void main( )
{
int First = 10, Second = 20; //Data type missing
Jumpto(First,Second); //Comma to come instead of ;
Jumpto(Second);
}
void Jumpto(int N1, int N2)
{
N1=N1+N2;
cout<<N1<<N2; //Output operator << required
}

d)Find the output of the following program; 3

#include<iostream.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void main( )
{
char Text[ ] = “Mind@work!”;
for(int I=0; Text[I]!=’\0’;I++)
{
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 4 9 490236965,[email protected]
 if(!isalpha(Text[I]))
Text[I]=’*’;
else if(isupper(Text[I]))
Text[I]=Text[I]+1;
else
Text[I] = Text[I+1];
}
cout<<Text;
}
Ans: Solution:
Text[ ] =

When I=0
Since Text[0] is ‘M’, Upper Case Letter,
(isupper(Text[I]) will becomes true.
So Text[I] =Text[I]+1
So Text[0]=Text[0]+1
Text[0] =77(ASCII Value of M) + 1 = 78 =N(78 is ASCII Value
of N)
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=1
Since Text[1] is ‘i’, Which is a character, but which is not Upper
case,
else part will be executed.
Ie Text[I]=Text[I+1]
Here Text[1]=Text[1+1]
=Text[2]
Ie ‘n’ will be stored in place of ‘i’
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=2
Since Text[2] is ‘n’, Which is a character, but which is not Upper
case, else part will be executed.
Ie Text[I]=Text[I+1]
Here Text[2]=Text[2+1]
=Text[3]
Ie ‘d’ will be stored in place of ‘n’
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=3

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 5 9 490236965,[email protected]

Since Text[3] is ‘d’, Which is a character, but which is not Upper
case, else part will be executed.
Ie Text[I]=Text[I+1]
Here Text[3]=Text[3+1]
=Text[4]
Ie ‘@’ will be stored in place of ‘d’
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=4
Since Text[4] is ‘@’, Since which is not an alphabet,
(!isalpha(Text[I])) will becomes true.
Ie if(!isalpha(Text[I]))
Text[I]=’*’;
Ie Text[4]=’*’
Ie ‘*’ will be stored in place of ‘@’
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=5
Since Text[5] is ‘W’, Upper Case Letter,
(isupper(Text[I]) will becomes true.
So Text[I] =Text[I]+1
So Text[5]=Text[5]+1
Text[5] =87(ASCII Value of W) + 1 = 88 =X(88 is ASCII Value
of X)
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=6
Since Text[6] is ‘o’, Which is a character, but which is not Upper
case, else part will be executed.
Ie Text[I]=Text[I+1]
Here Text[6]=Text[6+1]
=Text[7]
Ie ‘r’ will be stored in place of ‘o’
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=7
Since Text[7] is ‘r’, Which is a character, but which is not Upper
case, else part will be executed.
Ie Text[I]=Text[I+1]
Here Text[7]=Text[7+1]
=Text[8]
Ie ‘k’ will be stored in place of ‘r’
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 6 9 490236965,[email protected]
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=8
Since Text[8] is ‘k’, Which is a character, but which is not Upper
case, else part will be executed.
Ie Text[I]=Text[I+1]
Here Text[8]=Text[8+1]
=Text[9]
Ie ‘!’ will be stored in place of ‘k’
Now the String Text[ ] =

When I=9
Since Text[9] is ‘!’, Since which is not an alphabet,
(!isalpha(Text[I])) will becomes true.
Ie if(!isalpha(Text[I]))
Text[I]=’*’;
Ie Text[9]=’*’
Ie ‘*’ will be stored in place of ‘!’
Now the String Text[ ] =

Output: Nnd@*Xrk!*
e) Find the output of the following program: 2

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int U=10,V=20;
for(int I=1;I<=2;I++)
{
cout<<”[1]”<<U++<<”&”<<V – 5 <<endl;
cout<<”[2]”<<++V<<”&”<<U + 2 <<endl;
}
}

Ans:
Output:
[1]10&15
[2]21&13
[1]11&16
[2]22&14

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 7 9 490236965,[email protected]

f) In the following program, find the correct possible output(s)
from the options: 2

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
randomize( );
char City[ ][10]={“DEL”,”CHN”,”KOL”,”BOM”,”BNG”};
int Fly;
for(int I=0; I<3;I++)
{
Fly=random(2) + 1;
cout<<City[Fly]<<”:”;
}
}

Outputs:

(i) DEL : CHN : KOL:

(ii) CHN: KOL : CHN:
(iii) KOL : BOM : BNG:
(iv) KOL : CHN : KOL:

Ans)Since random(2) gives either 0 or 1, Fly value will be either

1 or 2.
(random(n) gives you any number between 0 to n-1)

City[1] is “CHN”
City[2] is “KOL”

Since I value from 0 to 2 (ie<3), 3 iterations will takes place.

So the possible output consists 3 strings separated by :, each of
them may be either “CHN” or “KOL”.

So the possible output will be

(ii) CHN : KOL : CHN:
(iv) KOL :CHN : KOL:

2008 Outside Delhi:

1.b) Name the header files that shall be needed for the following
code: 1
void main( )
{
char word[]=”Exam”;
cout<<setw(20)<<word;
}
Ans: iostream.h
iomanip.h
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 8 9 490236965,[email protected]
1.c) Rewrite the following program after removing the syntax
error(s) if any. Underline each correction. 2

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
One=10,Two=20;
Callme(One;Two);
Callme(Two);
}
void Callme(int Arg1,int Arg2)
{
Arg1=Arg1+Arg2;
Count<<Arg1>>Arg2;
}

Ans:
void Callme(int Arg1,int Arg2=20);
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int One=10,Two=20;
Callme(One,Two); //Given ; instead of ,
Callme(Two);
}
void Callme(int Arg1,int Arg2)
{
Arg1=Arg1+Arg2;
cout<<Arg1<<Arg2;
}

1.d)Find the output of the following program: 3

#include<iostream.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void main( )
{
char Mystring[ ] = "what@OUTPUT!";
for(int I=0; Mystring[I]!='\0';I++)
{
if(!isalpha(Mystring[I]))
Mystring[I]='*';
else if(isupper(Mystring[I]))
Mystring[I]=Mystring[I]+1;
else
Mystring[I] =Mystring[I+1];
}
cout<<Mystring;
}

Ans: Output: hat@*PVUQVU*

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 9 9 490236965,[email protected]
e) Find the output of the following program: 2

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int A=5,B=10;
for(int I=1;I<=2;I++)
{
cout<<”Line1”<<A++<<”&”<<B-2 <<endl;
cout<<”Line2”<<++B<<”&”<<A +3 <<endl;
}
}
Ans: Output:
Line15&8
Line211&9
Line16&9
Line212&10

f) In the following program, find the correct possible output(s)

from the options: 2

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
randomize( );
char Area[ ][10]={“NORTH”,”SOUTH”,”EAST”,”WEST”};
int ToGo;
for(int I=0; I<3;I++)
{
ToGo=random(2) + 1;
cout<<Area[ToGo]<<”:”;
}
}

Outputs:

(i) SOUTH : EAST : SOUTH :

(ii) NORTH : SOUTH : EAST :
(iii) SOUTH : EAST : WEST :
(iv) SOUTH : EAST : EAST :

Ans)Since random(2) gives either 0 or 1, ToGo value will be

either 1 or 2.
(random(n) gives you any number between 0 to n-1)

Area[1] is “SOUTH”
Area[2] is “EAST”
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 10 9 490236965,[email protected]
Since I value from 0 to 2 (ie<3), 3 iterations will takes place.
So the possible output consists 3 strings separated by :, each of
them may be either “SOUTH” or “EAST”.

So the possible output will be

(i) SOUTH : EAST : SOUTH :
(iv) SOUTH : EAST : EAST :

2007 Delhi :

1.a) Differenctiate between a Run Time Error and Syntax Error.

Also give suitable examples of each in c++. 2
Ans:
Run Time Errors: Errors that occur during the execution of a
program are called as run time errors. It is caused of some
illegal operation taking place or inavailability of desired or
required conditions for the execution of the program. For
instance, if a program is trying to open a file which does not
exist or it could not be opened, it results into an execution error.
Similarly, if enough memory is not available or an expression is
trying to divide a number by zero are run-time errors.
Eg: Division by zero.
c=a/b ;
User will give the values of a and b at the time of program
execution.
If he give the value of b as ‘0’ , then division by zero, ie a run
time error occurs.

Syntax Errors:Syntax errors occur when rules of a

programming languages (syntax) is misused. Ie when a
grammatical rule of C++ is violated.
Eg (i) c=a+b
In this statement, since there is no semicolon at the end of the
statement, there will occurs a syntax error.
(ii)cin<<a;
In this statement, since stream insertion operator (<<) has given
instead of stream extraction operation(>>), there will occurs a
syntax error.

1.b) Name the header file(s) that shall be needed for successful
compilation of the following C++ code. 1
void main( )
{
char String[20];
gets(String);
strcat(String,”CBSE”);
puts(String);
}
Ans) stdio.h string.h
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 11 9 490236965,[email protected]
1. c) Rewrite the following program after removing the
syntactical error(s) if any. Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
const int Max 10;
void main()
{
int Numbers[Max];
Numbers = {20,50,10,30,40};
for(Loc=Max-1;Loc>=10;Loc--)
cout>>Numbers[Loc];
}
Ans)
#include<iostream.h>
const int Max=10;//Constant Variable ‘Max’ must be
//initialized. Declaration Syntax Error
void main( )
{
int Numbers[Max]={20,50,10,30,40};
for(Loc=Max-1;Loc>=0;Loc--)
cout>>Numbers[Loc];
}

e)Find the output of the following program. 3

#include<iostream.h>
void Withdef(int HisNum=30)
{
for(int I=20;I<=HisNum;I+=5)
cout<<I<<”,”;
cout<<endl;
}

void Control(int &MyNum)

{
MyNum+=10;
Withdef(MyNum);
}
void main()
{
int YourNum=20;
Control(YourNum);
Withdef();
cout<<”Number=”<<YourNum<<endl;
}

Ans: Output:
20,25,30,
20,25,30,
Number=30

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 12 9 490236965,[email protected]

 f)In the following C++ program what is the expected value of
MyMarks from options (i) to (iv)given below. Justify answer.2
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
randomize( );
int Marks[]={99,92,94,96,93,95},MyMarks;
MyMarks = Marks [1+random(2)];
cout<<MyMarks<<endl;
}
(i) 99 (ii) 94 (iii) 96 (iv) None of the above.

Ans: Output:
(ii) 94

2007 Outside Delhi:

1.a) Differentiate between a Logical Error and Syntax Error.

Also give suitable examples of each in C++. 2

Ans:

Logical Error: A logical error is that error which causes a

program to produce incorrect or undesired output.
An incorrectly implemented algorithm, or use of a variable
before its initialization, or unmarked end for a loop, or wrong
parameters passed are causes logical errors. These must be
handled carefully.
For instance, if we are trying to print the table of a number 5
and if we say
counter=1;
while(counter>8)
{
cout<<n*counter;
counter=counter+1;
}
Here the loop would not be executed even once as the condition
(counter>8) is not fulfilled at all. Therefore, no output will be
produced. Such an error is logical error.

Syntax Error: Syntax errors occur when rules of a

programming languages (syntax) is misused. Ie when a
grammatical rule of C++ is violated.
Eg (i) c=a+b
In this statement, since there is no semicolon at the end of the
statement, there will occurs a syntax error.
(ii)cin<<a; In this statement, since stream insertion operator
(<<) has given instead of stream extraction operation(>>), there
will occurs a syntax error.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 13 9 490236965,[email protected]
1.b) Name the header file(s) that shall be needed for successful
compilation of the following C++ code. 1
void main( )
{ char Text[40];
strcpy(Text,”AISSCE”);
puts(Text); }
Ans: string.h, stdio.h
1.c) Rewrite the following program after removing the
syntactical error(s), if any. Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
const int Size 5;
void main( )
{
int Array[Size];
Array={50,40,30,20,10};
for(Ctr=0;Ctr<Size;Ctr++)
cout>>Array[Ctr];
}
Ans) #include<iostream.h>
const int Size=5;
void main( )
{
int Array[Size];
Array={50,40,30,20,10};
for(Ctr=0;Ctr<Size;Ctr++)
cout<<Array[Ctr];
}
1.e) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include<iostream.h>
void Indirect(int Temp=20)
{
for(int I=10;I<=Temp;I+=5)
cout<<I<<”,”;
cout<<endl;
}
void Direct(int &Num)
{
Num+=10;
Indirect(Num);
}
void main( )
{
int Number=20;
Direct(Number);
Indirect( );
cout<<”Number =”<<Number<<endl;
}
Ans: Output: 10,15,20,25,30,
10,15,20,
Number =30
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 14 9 490236965,[email protected]
f) In the following C++ program what is the expected value of
Mysore from options (i) to (iv) given below.Justify your answer. 2
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
randomize( );
int Score[ ] = {25,20,34,56,72,63},Myscore;
cout<<Myscore<<endl;
}
Ii) 25 (ii) 34 (iii) 20 (iv) None of the above.

Ans: Expected Output:

(ii) None of the above.

2006 Delhi:

1.a) Name the header file to which the following below: 1

(i) abs( ) (ii) isupper( )
Ans) (i) abs( ) - math.h, stdlib.h, complex.h
(ii)isupper( ) - ctype.h

1.e) Find the output of the following program: 2

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
Long NUM=1234543;
int F=0,S=0;
do
{
int R=NUM % 10;
if (R %2 != 0)
F += R;
else
S += R;
NUM / = 10;
} while (NUM>0);
cout<<F-S;
}
Ans: Output:
2

2006 Outside Delhi:

1.a) Name the header file to which the following belong: 1

(i) pow ( ) (ii)random( )
Ans:
(i) abs( ) - math.h, stdlib.h, complex.h
(ii) random( ) - stdlib.h

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 15 9 490236965,[email protected]

1.e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
long Number=7583241;
int First = 0, Second =0;
do
{
int R=Number%10;
if(R%2 ==0)
First += R;
else
Second += R;
Number / = 10;
} while (Number > 0);
cout<<First-Second;
}
Ans: Output -2
2005 Delhi:
1.a) Differentiate between a Call by Value and Call by Reference,
giving suitable examples of each. 2
Ans: Call by value: In call by value method, the called function
creates a new set of variables and copies the values of
arguments into them. The function does not have access to the
original variables (actual parameters) and can only work on the
copies of values it created. Passing arguments by value is
useful when the original values are not to be modified.
In call by reference method, a reference to the actual
argument (original variable) is passed to the called function.
(Reference is an alias for a predefined variable. Ie the same
variable value can be accessed by any of the two names: the
original variable’s name and the reference name.) Thus, in call
by reference method, the changes are reflected back to the
original values. The call by reference method is useful in
situations where the values of the original variables are to be
changed using a function.
Program to illustrate the call by value method of function
invoking:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int change(int);
void main( )
{ clrscr( );
int orig=10;
cout<<”\nThe original value is”<<orig<<”\n”;
cout<<”\nReturn value of function change()is
“<<change(orig)<<”\n”;
cout<<”\nThe value after function change() is
over”<<orig<<”\n;
getch(); }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 16 9 490236965,[email protected]
 int change(int duplicate)
{
duplicate=20;
return duplicate;
}
Ans: Output:
The original value is 10
Return value of function change() is 20
The value after function change() is over 10
Program to illustrate the call by Reference method of
function invoking:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int change(int&);
void main( )
{ clrscr( );
int orig=10;
cout<<”\nThe original value is”<<orig<<”\n”;
cout<<”\nReturn value of function change()is
“<<change(orig)<<”\n”;
cout<<”\nThe value after function change() is
over”<<orig<<”\n;
getch();
}
int change(int &duplicate)
{
duplicate=20;
return duplicate;
}
Output:
The original value is 10
Return value of function change() is 20
The value after function change() is over 20
1. b) Name the header files to which the following belong: 1
(i) abs( ) (ii) strcmp( )
Ans) (i) abs( ) - stdlib.h, math.h, complex.h
(ii) strcmp( ) - string.h
1. c) Rewrite the following program after removing the
syntactical error(s), if any. Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
const int Multiple 3;
void main( )
{
value = 15;
for(int Counter = 1;Counter = <5;Counter ++, Value -= 2)
if(Value%Multiple = = 0)
cout<<Value * Multiple;
cout<<end1;
else
cout<<Value + Multiple <<endl; }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 17 9 490236965,[email protected]
Answer:
#include<iostream.h>
const int Multiple=3;
void main( )
{
int Value = 15;
for(int Counter = 1;Counter <=5;Counter ++, Value -= 2)
if(Value%Multiple == 0)
{
cout<<Value * Multiple;
cout<<endl;
}
else
cout<<Value + Multiple <<endl;
}
1. e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void Convert(char Str[ ],int Len)
{
for(int Count=0;Count<Len;Count++)
{
if(isupper(Str[Count]))
Str[Count]=tolower(Str[Count]);
else if (islower(Str[Count]))
Str[Count]=toupper(Str[Count]);
else if(isdigit(Str[Count]))
Str[Count]=Str[Count]+1;
else Str[Count]=’*’;
}
}
void main( )
{
char Text[ ]=”CBSE Exam 2005”;
int Size = strlen(Text);
Convert(Text,Size);
cout<<Text<<endl;
for(int C=0,R=Size – 1;C<=Size/2;C++,R--)
{
char Temp=Text[C];
Text[C]=Text[R];
Text[R]=Temp;
}
cout<<Text<<endl;
}
Ans:Output:
cbse*eXAM*3116
6113*MXAe*esbc
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 18 9 490236965,[email protected]
1. f) Observe the following program SCORE.CPP carefully, if the
value of Num entered by the user is 5, choose the correct
possible output(s) from the options from (i) to (iv), and justify
your option. 2
//Program: SCORE.CPP
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{ randomize( );
int Num,Rndnum;
cin>>Num;
Rndnum = random(Num) + 5;
for(int N = 1;N<=Rndnum;N++)
cout<<N<<” “; }
Output Options:
(i) 1 2 3 4 (ii) 1 2
(iii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (iv) 1 2 3
Ans:
Expected Output:
(iii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2005 Outside Delhi :
1.b) Name the header files to which the following belong: 1
(i) puts( ) (ii)isalnum( )
Ans)(i) puts( ) - stdio.h
(isalnum( ) - ctype.h
1.c) Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical
error(s), if any. Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
const int dividor 5;
void main( )
{ Number = 15;
for(int Count=1;Count=<5;Count++,Number -= 3)
if(Number % dividor = = 0)
cout<<Number / Dividor;
cout<<endl;
else
cout<<Number + Dividor <<endl;
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
const int dividor= 5;
void main( )
{
int Number = 15;
for(int Count=1;Count<=5;Count++,Number -= 3)
if(Number % dividor = = 0)
{
cout<<Number / Dividor;
cout<<endl;
}
else
cout<<Number + Dividor <<endl; }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 19 9 490236965,[email protected]
 1. e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
void Change(char Msg[],int Len)
{
for(int Count=0;Count<Len;Count++)
{
if(islower(Msg[Count]))
Msg[Count] = toupper(Msg[Count]);
else if(isupper(Msg[Count]))
Msg[Count] = tolower(Msg[Count]);
else if (isdigit(Msg[Count]))
Msg[Count]=Msg[Count]+1;
else Msg[Count] = ‘*’;
}
}
void main( )
{
char Message[ ]=”2005 Tests ahead”;
int Size=strlen(Message);
Change(Message,Size);
cout<<Message<<endl;
for(int C=0,R=Size – 1; C<=Size/2;C++,R--)
{
char Temp=Message[C];
Message[C]=Message[R];
Message[R]=Temp;
}
cout<<Message<<endl;
}
Ans: Output: 3116*tESTS*AHEAD
DAEHA*SSTEt*6113
1.f) Observe the following program GAME.CPP carefully, if the
value of Num entered by the user is 14, choose the correct
possible output(s) from the options from (i) to (iv), and justify
your option. 2
//Program:GAME.CPP
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
randomize( );
int Num,Rndnum;
cin>>Num;
Rndnum=random(Num)+7;
for(int N=1;N<=Rndnum;N++)
cout<<N<<” “;
}
Output Options:
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 20 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (i) 1 2 3 (ii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
(iii) 1 2 3 4 5 (iv) 1 2 3 4
Ans:
Expected Output
(ii) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2004 Annual Paper:

1.b) Write the names of the header files to which the following
belong: (i) gets( ) (ii) strcmp( ) (iii)abs( ) (iv)isalnum( )
Ans:
(i) gets( ) - stdio.h
(ii) strcmp( ) - string.h
(iii) abs( ) - math.h, stdlib.h,complex.h
(iv) isalnum( ) - ctype.h

1.e) What will be the output of the following program

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int var1=5,var2=10;
for(int i=1,i<=2;i++)
{
cout<<var1++<<’\t’<< - - var2<<endl;
cout<<var2- -<<’\t’<<+ + var1<<endl;
}
}

Ans: Output:
5 9
9 7
7 7
7 9
f) Write definition for a function SumSequence( ) in C++ with
two arguments/ parameters – double X and int n. The function
should return a value of type double and it should perform sum
of the following series.
1/x- 3!/x2 + 5!/x3 – 7!/x4 + 9!/x5 - ------upto n terms.
Note: The symbol ! represents Factorial of a number
ie 5!= 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
double SumSequence(int x1,int n1);
void main()
{
int x;
int n;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the vaue of X and N";
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 21 9 490236965,[email protected]
 cin>>x>>n;
cout<<”\nThe sum of the series = “<<SumSequence(x,n);
getch();
}
double SumSequence(int x1,int n1)
{
double sum=0;
int c=0;
for(int i=1;i<=(2*n1);i=i+2)
{
int f=1;
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
f=f*j;
}
c=c+1;
if(c%2==1)
{
sum=sum+f/(pow(x1,c));
}
else
{
sum=sum-f/(pow(x1,c));
}
}
return sum;
}
2003 Annual Paper:
1.a) What is the difference between global variables and local
variables? Give an example to illustrate the same. 2
Ans: The local variables are the variables defined within any
function (or block) and are hence accessible only within the
block in which they are declared. In contrast to local variables,
variables declared outside of all the functions in a program are
called global variables. These variables are defined outside of
any function, so they are accessible to all functions. These
functions perform various operations on the data. They are also
known as External Variables.
Eg: #include<iostream.h>
int a,b;
void main()
{
float f;
---;
---;
}
In the above program segment, a and b are global variables, we
can access a and b from any function. f is local variable to
function main( ), we can access f from main( ) only.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 22 9 490236965,[email protected]

1.b) Name the header file, to which the following built-in
function belongs: (i) strcmp( ) (ii)getc( ) 1
Ans: (i) strcmp( ) - string.h
(ii)getc( ) - stdio.h
1.c) Rewrite the following program after removing all the syntax
error(s) if any. 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int P[ ]={90,10,24,15};Q,Number=4;
Q=9;
for[int I=Number-1;I>=0,I--]
switch(I)
{
case 0;
case 3:cout>>P[I]*Q<<endl;break;
case 1:
case 2: cout<<P[I]+Q;
}
}
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int P[ ]={90,10,24,15},Q,Number=4;
Q=9;
for(int I=Number-1;I>=0;I--)
switch(I)
{
case 0:
case 3:cout<<P[I]*Q<<endl; break;
case 1:
case 2: cout<<P[I]+Q;
}
}
1.e) Write the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
int Execute(int M)
{
if(M%3==0)
return M*3;
else
return M+10;
}
void Output(int B=2)
{
for(int T=0;T<B;T++)
cout<<Execute(T)<<”*”;
cout<<endl;
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 23 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void main( )
{
Output(4);
Output( );
Output(3);
}
f) Write a C++ function SUMFUN( ) having two parameters Y(of
type double) and m(of type integer) with a result type as double
to find the sum of the series given below:
Y + Y3 / 2! + Y5 /3! + ------ + Y 2m-1 / m!
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
double SUMFUN(int y1,int m1);
void main()
{
int y;
int m;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the vaue of Y and M";
cin>>y>>m;
cout<<”\nThe sum of the series = “<<SUMFUN(y,m);
getch();
}
double SUMFUN(int y1,int m1)
{
double sum=0;
double upper;
for(int i=1;i<=m1;i++)
{
int f=1;
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
f=f*j;
}
upper=pow(y1,(i*2-1));
sum=sum+upper/f;
}
return sum;
}

2002:
1.b)Name the header files of C++ to which the following
functions belong:2
(i)get( ) (ii)open( ) (iii)abs( ) (iv)strcat( )
Ans:
(i) get( ) - iostream.h
(ii) open( ) - fstream.h
(iii) abs( ) - math.h, stdlib.h
(iv) strcat( ) - string.h
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 24 9 490236965,[email protected]
1.c)Find the syntax error(s), if any, in the following program. 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int x;
cin>>x;
for( int y=0,y<10,y++)
cout<<x+y;
}
Ans: #include<iostream.h>

void main( )
{
int x;
cin>>x;
for( int y=0;y<10;y++)
cout<<x+y;
}
1.d) Write the output of the following program. 2
void main( )
{
int x=5,y=5;
cout<<x- -;
cout<<”,”;
cout<- - x;
cout<<”,”;
cout<<y- -<<”,”<<- -y;
}
Ans: Output:
5,3,4,4
1.e)Write the output of the following program. 3
#include<iostream.h>
void X(int &A,int &B)
{
A=A+B;
B=A-B;
A=A-B;
}
void main( )
{
int a=4,b=18;
X(a,b);
cout<<a<<”,”<<b;
}

Ans: Output:
18,4
f)Write a function called zero_Small() that has two integer
arguments being passed by reference and sets the smaller of the
two numbers to 0. Write the main program to access this
function. 4
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 25 9 490236965,[email protected]
 #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void zero_Small(int &A,int &B)
{ if(A<B)
A=0;
else
B=0; }
void main( )
{ clrscr();
int a,b;
cout<<”Enter any two values…”;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"Initial values of a and b are ";
cout<<a<<" "<<b<<endl;
zero_Small(a,b);
cout<<endl<<"The final values of a and b are ";
cout<<a<<","<<b;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\nPress any key to continue...";
getch(); }
2001:
1.b) Name the header file to be included for the use of the
following built in functions: (i)getc( ) (ii)strcat() 1
Ans:
(i) getc( ) - stdio.h
(ii) strcat( ) - string.h
1.e) Give the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int g=20;
void func(int &x,int y)
{
x=x-y;
y=x*10;
cout<<x<<’,’<<y<<’\n’;
}
void main( )
{
int g=7;
func(g,::g);
cout<<g<<’,’<<::g<<’\n’;
func(::g,g);
cout<<g<<’,’<<::g<<’\n’;
}
Ans: Output:
-13,-130
-13,20
33,330
-13,33

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 26 9 490236965,[email protected]

1.f) Write a function named SUMFIN( ), with arguments x, N,
which returns the sum of N terms of the following series.:
x – x^3/3 + x^5/5 – x^7/7 + x^9/9 4
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
double SUMFIN(int x1,int n1);
void main()
{ int x;
int n;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the vaue of X and N";
cin>>x>>n;
cout<<”\nThe sum of Series = “<<SUMFIN(x,n);
getch(); }
double SUMFIN(int x1,int n1)
{ double sum=0;
int c=0;
for(int i=1;i<=(2*n1);i=i+2)
{
c=c+1;
if(c%2==1)
{
sum=sum+(pow(x1,i))/i;
}
else
{
sum=sum-(pow(x1,i))/i;
}
}
return sum; }
2000:
1.b) Name the header file, to which following built in function
belong: (i) isupper( ) ( ii)setw() (iii)exp( ) (iv)strcmp( ) 2
Ans) (i) isupper( ) - ctype.h
(ii)setw( ) - iomanip.h
(iii)exp( ) - math.h
(iv)strcmp( ) - string.h
1.c)Will the following program execute successfully? If not,
state the eason(s). 2
#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{ int s1,s2,num;
s1=s2=0;
for(x=0;x<11;x++)
{
cin<<num;
If(num>0)s1+=num;else s2=/num;
}
cout<<s1<<s2; }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 27 9 490236965,[email protected]
Ans: The program will not execute successfully.
Because some syntax errors are there in the program. They are
(i) cin and cout, stream objects used but iostream.h
header file is not included in the program.
(ii) x is not declared, it should be declared as int.
(iii) With cin, we should use >> instead of <<.
(iv) The shorthand operator /=, is given wrongly as
=/.
So the corrected program is as follows:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{ int s1,s2,num;
s1=s2=0;
for(int x=0;x<11;x++)
{
cin>>num;
if(num>0)s1+=num;else s2/=num;
}
cout<<s1<<s2; }
d)Give the output of the following program segment(Assuming
all required header files are included in the program): 2
char *NAME=”a ProFiLe”;
for(int x=0;x<strlen(NAME);x++)
if(islower(NAME[x]))
NAME[x]=toupper(NAME[x]);
else
If(isupper(NAME[x]))
If(x%2!=0)
NAME[x]=tolower(NAME[x-1]);
else
NAME[x]--;
cout<<NAME<<endl;
Ans: Output: AOROoIiE
1.e)Write the output of the following program: 3
#include<iostream.h>
int func(int &x,int y=10)
{ if(x%y==0) return ++x;else return y- -; }
void main( )
{
int p=20,q=23;
q=func(p,q);
cout<<p<<q<<endl;
p=func(q);
cout<<p<<q<<endl;
q=func(p);
cout<<p<<q<<endl;
}
Ans: Output: 2023
1023
1111
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 28 9 490236965,[email protected]
f) Write a function seqsum( ) in C++ with two arguments, double
x and int n. The function should return a value of type double
and it should find the sum of the following series. 4
1+ x/2! + x2/4! + x3/6! + x4/8! + x5/10! + ----------+ xn/(2n)!
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
double seqsum(int x1,int m1);
void main()
{ int x;
int m;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter the vaue of X and M";
cin>>x>>m;
cout<<"\nThe sum of the series = "<<seqsum(x,m);
getch(); }
double seqsum(int x1,int m1)
{ double sum=1;
for(int i=1;i<=m1;i++)
{
int f=1;
for(int j=1;j<=2*i;j++)
{
f=f*j;
}
sum=sum+pow(x1,i)/f;
}
return sum; }
1999 Annual Paper:
1.a) Why main( ) function is so special. Give two reasons? 1
Ans: Execution of the program starts and ends at main( ). The
main( ) is the driver function of the program. If it is not
present in a program, no execution can take place.
1.b) Name the header file of C++ to which following functions
belong. (i)strcat( ) (ii) scanf( ) (iii) getchar( ) (iv)clrscr( )
Ans: (i)strcat( ) - string.h
(ii)scanf( ) - stdio.h
(iii)getchar( ) - stdio.h
(iv)clrscr( ) - conio.h
1.c) Find the syntax error(s), if any, in the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
main( )
{
int x[5],*y,z[5];
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
x[i]=i;
z[i]=i+3;
y=z;
x=y; } }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 29 9 490236965,[email protected]
Ans (i) Line No 5: Undefined symbol ‘i’.
The variable ‘i’ is not declared in the program.
(ii)Line No 10:Assign the value of a pointer to an integer
variable. Ie error in x=y.
1.e) Write the output of the following program.
#include<iostream.h>
static int i=100;
void abc( )
{
static int i=8;
cout<<”first =”<<I;
}
main( )
{
static int i=2;
abc( );
cout<<”second =”<<i<<endl;
}
Ans: Output:
First =8second =2
1.f) Write a C++ function that converts a 2-digit octal number
into binary number and prints the binary equivalent.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void binary(int a)//member function for conversion
{
int i,b[5]; //integer array 6
for(i=3;i>=1;i--)
{
b[i]=a%2;
a=a/2;
}
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
cout<<b[i];
}
void main()
{
int n,x,y;
clrscr( );
cout<<"Enter a two digit octal number: ";
cin>>n;
x=n/10;
y=n%10;
binary(x);
binary(y);
getch( );
}
1998 Annual Paper:
1.b)Name the header files, to which the following built in
functions belongs to:(i)cos( )(ii)setw( )(iii)toupper( )(iv)strcpy( )
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 30 9 490236965,[email protected]
Ans: (i) cos( ) - math.h
(ii) setw( ) - iomanip.h
(iii) toupper( ) - ctype.h
(iv) strcpy( ) - string.h
1.c)Find the syntax error(s), if any, in the following program:
include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{ int R; W=90;
while W>60
{
R=W-50;
switch(W)
{
20:cout<<”Lower Range”<<endl;
30:cout<<”Middle Range “<<endl;
40:cout<<”Higher Range”<<endl;
}
}
}
Ans:
(i) Line 1: It should be, #include<iostream.h>
(ii) Line 4:Variables should be separated using commas.
It should be int R,W=90;
(iii) Line 5:Test expression should be in braces. It should
be while (W>60)
(iv) Line 10:It should be case 20;
(v) Line 11:It should be case 30;
(vi) Line 13:It should be case 40;
So the corrected version of the program is as follows:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int R, W=90;
while (W>60)
{
R=W-50;
switch(W)
{
case 20:cout<<”Lower Range”<<endl;
case 30:cout<<”Middle Range “<<endl;
case 40:cout<<”Higher Range”<<endl;
}
}
}
1.d) Give the output of the following program segment:
char *NAME=”IntRAneT”;
for(int x=0;x<strlen(NAME); x++)
if(islower(NAME[x])
NAME[x]=toupper(NAME[x]));
else if(isupper(NAME[x]))
if(x%2==0)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 31 9 490236965,[email protected]
 NAME[x]=tolower(NAME[x]);
else
NAME[x]=NAME[x-1];
puts(NAME);
Ans: Output: INTTaNEE
1.f) Write the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
void Execute(int &X,int Y=200)
{
int TEMP=X+Y;
X+=TEMP;
if(Y!=200)
cout<<TEMP<<X<<Y<<endl;
}
void main( )
{ int A=50,B=20;
Execute(B);
cout<<A<<B<<endl;
Execute(A,B);
cout<<A<<B<<endl;
}
1.f) Write a C++ function having two value parameters X and N
with result type float to find the sum of series given below:
1 + x1/2! + x2/3! + x3/4! + x4/5! + - - - - - - xn/(n+1)!
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
float sum_series(float X,int N) //function being declared
{ float sum=0,term;
int fact,f;
sum+=1;
for(int i=1;i<=N;i++)
{
fact=1;
for(f=1;f<=(i+1);f++)
fact*=f;
term=pow(X,i)/fact;
sum+=term;
}
return(sum);
}
void main( )
{ clrscr( );
float x1;
int n1;
cout<<"\nEnter the value of X and N";
cin>>x1>>n1;
cout<<"\nThe Sum of the Series ..."<<sum_series(x1,n1);
getch();
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 32 9 490236965,[email protected]
 2. STRUCTURES
2008 Delhi:

1.a) What is the difference between #define and const?

Explain with suitable example. 2

Ans: While they both serve a similar purpose, #define and const
act differently. When using #define the identifier gets replaced
by the specified value by the compiler, before the code is turned
into binary. This means that the compiler makes the
substitution when you compile the application.
Eg: #define number 100
In this case every instance of “number” will be replaced by the
actual number 100 in your code, and this means the final
compiled program will have the number 100 (in binary).

#define with different types of data:

•The #define preprocessor allows u s to define symbolic

names and constants.
Eg: #define PI 3.14159
• The #define allows you to make text substitutions before
compiling the program.
Eg: #define MAX 70
Before compilation, if the C++ preprocessor finds MAX as
one word, in the source code, it replaces it with the
number 70.
• The #define preprocessor can be used in the creation of
macros (code substitution).
Eg: #define SQUARE(x) x*x
Before compilation, if the C++ preprocessor finds
SQUARE(x), where x is any value in the source code, it
replaces it with its square (ie x*x). Here a macro
substitutes text only; It does not check for data types.
On the other hand, when we use const and the application
runs, memory is allocated for the constant and the value gets
replaced when the application is run.
Syntax: const type variable_name=value;
Eg: const int a=10;
The value of a constant is fixed and in the above
example, the value for a in entire program is 10 only. You
cannot change the value of a, since it is declared as constant.

Difference between #define and const in declaration:.

1.#define: #define symbolic_constant value.

Eg: #define number 100 //No semicolon ,no equal to symbol.
2.const: const type variable_name=value;
Eg: const number=100; //Semicolon, equal to symbol.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 33 9 490236965,[email protected]
2008 Outside Delhi:

1.a) What is the purpose of using a typedef command in C++?

Explain with suitable example. 2

Ans: C++ allows you to define explicitly new data type names
by using the keyword typedef. Using typedef does not actually
create a new data class, rather it defines a new name for an
existing type. This can increase the portability of a program as
only the typedef statements would have to be changed. Typedef
makes your code easier to read and understand. Using typedef
can also aid in self documenting your code by allowing
descriptive names for the standard data types.
The syntax of the typedef statement is
typedef type name;
Where type is any C++ data type and name is the new name for
this type. This defines another name for the standard type of
C++. For example, you could create a new name for float values
by using the following statement:
typedef float amount;
This statement tells the compiler to recognize amount as an
alternative name for float. Now you could create float variables
using amount.
amount loan, saving, installment;
Using typedef does not replace the standard C++ data type name
with the new name, rather the new name is in addition to the
existing name. You still can create float variables using float.
Once a new name has been defined by typedef, it can be used as
a type for another typedef also.
Eg: typedef amount money;
Now, this statement tells the compiler to recognize money
as another name for amount, which itself is another name for
float. Typedef does not create any new data types rather
provides an alternative name for standard types. Reference
provides an alias name for a variable and typedef provides an
alias name for a data type.

2006 Delhi:

1.b) Illustrate the use of #define in C++ to define a macro. 2

Ans: The #define preprocessor can be used in the creation of

macros (code substitution).
Eg: #define SQUARE(x) x*x
Before compilation, if the C++ preprocessor finds SQUARE(x),

where x is any value in the source code, it replaces it

with its square (ie x*x). Here a macro substitutes text only; It
does not check for data types.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 34 9 490236965,[email protected]

1.C) Rewrite the following program after removing the
syntactical error(s), if any.Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
struct STUDENT
{
char stu_name[20];
char stu_sex;
int stu_age=17;
}student;
gets(stu_name);
gets(stu_sex);
}
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{
struct STUDENT
{
char stu_name[20];
char stu_sex;
int stu_age;
//Initialization of variables inside a structure is not allowed.
}student;
gets(student.stu_name);
cin>>student.stu_sex);
//A single character cannot be read using gets
}
1.f) What are Nested Structures? Give an example. 2
Ans: Nested structures are structures as member of another
structure. For example, the date of birth is astructure within the
structure of a student as shown below. These types of
structures are known as nested structures.

Eg1:
struct date
{
int dd;
int mm;
int yy;
};
struct student
{
char name[20];
int roll;
date dob;
int marks; };
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 35 9 490236965,[email protected]
The member of a nested structure is referenced from the
outermost to innermost with the help of dot operators.
student stud;
Then the members of the nested structure can be accessed as
stud.dob.mm=10;
Eg2:
struct addr
{ int houseno;
char area[26];
char city[26];
char state[26];
};
struct emp
{
int empno;
char name[26];
char design[16];
addr address;
float basic;
};
emp worker;
2006 Outside Delhi:
1.C) Rewrite the following program after removing the
syntactical error(s), if any. Underline each correction. 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
struct movie
{
char movie_name[20];
char movie_type;
int ticket_cost=100;
}MOVIE;
gets(movie_name);
gets(movie_type);
}
Ans:#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{
struct movie
{
char movie_name[20];
char movie_type;
int ticket_cost;
//Initialization of variables inside a structure is not allowed.
}MOVIE;
gets(MOVIE.movie_name);
cin>>MOVIE.movie_type;
//A single character cannot be read using gets
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 36 9 490236965,[email protected]
2005 Delhi:
1.d) Find the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
struct MyBox
{
int Length,Breadth,Height;
};
void Dimension(MyBox M)
{
cout<<M.Length<<”x”<<M.Breadth<<”x”;
cout<<M.Height<<endl;
}
void main( )
{
MyBox B1={10,15,5},B2,B3;
++B1.Height;
Dimension(B1);
B3=B1;
++B3.Length;
B3.Breadth++;
Dimension(B3);
B2=B3;
B2.Height+=5;
B2.Length--;
Dimension(B2);
}
2005 Outside Delhi:
1.d) Find the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
struct Package
{ int Length,Breadth,Height; };
void Occupies(Package M)
{
cout<<M.Length<<”x”<<M.Breadth<<”x”;
cout<<M.Height<<endl;
}
void main( )
{
Package P1={100,150,50},P2,P3;
++P1.Height;
Occupies(P1);
P3=P1;
++P3.Lengh;
P3.Breadth++;
Occupies(P3);
P2=P3;
P2.Height+=50;
P2.Length--;
Occupies(P2);
}

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 37 9 490236965,[email protected]

2004 :
1.c) Rewrite the corrected code for the following program.
Underline each correction if any.
#include<iostream.h>
structure Supergym
{
int member number;
char membername[20];
char membertype[]=”HIG”;
};
void main( )
{
Supergym person1,person2;
cin>>”Member Number: “;
cin>>person1.membhernumber;
cout<<”Member Name: “;
cin>>person1.membername;
person1.member type = “MIG”;
person2=person1;
cin>>”Member Number;“<<person2.membernumber;
cin<<”Member Name”<<person2.membername;
cin<<”Member Number:”<<person2.membertype;
}
Ans:#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
struct Supergym
{
int membernumber;
char membername[20];
char membertype[4];
};
void main( )
{ Supergym person1,person2;
cin>>"Member Number: ";
cin>>person1.membernumber;
cout<<"Member Name: ";
cin>>person1.membername;
strcpy(person1.membertype,"MIG");
person2=person1;
cin>>"Member Number;">>person2.membernumber;
cin>>"Member Name">>person2.membername;
cin>>"Member Number:">>person2.membertype;
}
2003 :
1.d) Give the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
struct Pixel
{
int C,R;
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 38 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void Display(Pixel P)
{
cout<<”col”<<P.C<<”Row”<<P.R<<endl;
}
void main( )
{
Pixel X={40,50},Y,Z;
Z=X;
X.C+=10;
Y=X;
Y.R+=20;
Z.C-=15;
Display(X);
Display(Y);
Display(Z);
}
2001 :
1.e)Give the output of the following program. (3)
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int g=20;
void func(int &x,int y)
{
x=x-y;
y=x*10;
cout<<x<<’,’<<y<<’\n’;
}
void main( )
{
int g=7;
func(g,::g);
cout<<g<<’,’<<::g<<’\n’;
func(::g,g);
cout<<g<<’,’<<::g<<’\n’;
}

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 39 9 490236965,[email protected]

 3.OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
2005 Delhi:
2.a) Define the term Data Hiding in the context of Object
Oriented Programming. Give a suitable example using a C++
code to illustrate the same. 2
Ans: A class groups its members into three sections: private,
protected and public. The private and protected members
remain hidden from outside world. Thus through private and
protected members, a class enforces data – hiding.
(The outside world is given only the essential and
necessary information through public members, rest of the
things remain hidden, which is nothing but abstraction. The
act of representing only essential features without including
background details is known as abstraction.)
Eg: class ABC
{
private: int a,b;
protected: int c,d;
public: int e,f;
void disp( )
{
----
}
-----
}
In the above class public members(ie e,f and disp( )) only
will be available to outside the class.. The other private
members (a,b), protected members (c,d) will not be available to
outside the class. This concept is called data hiding.
2005 Outside Delhi:
2.a) Define the term Data Encapsulation in the context of Object
Oriented Programming. Give a suitable example using a C++
code to illustrate the same. 2
Ans: Encapsulation is wrapping up of characteristics and
behavior into one unit. While implementing encapsulation,
following things are taken care:
(i) Anything that an object does not know or cannot do
is excluded from the objects.
(ii) Encapsulation is used to hide unimportant
implementation details from other objects.
(iii) Packaging an object’s variables within the protective
custody of its methods is called encapsulation and this
task is accomplished through classes. Ie the data and
associated functions are wrapped up in one unit called
class.
A class binds together data and its associated functions under
one unit thereby enforcing encapsulation.
Eg:class Rectangle
{ private: float len,bre,area;
public: void readData( )
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 40 9 490236965,[email protected]
 {
cout<<”\nEnter the length and breadth..”;
cin>>len>>bre;
}
void calculate( )
{
area=len*bre;
}
void display( )
{
cout<<”\nThe area of the rectangle = “<<area;
}
};
Eg: Here in the above class the data members ie len,bre,area
and the member functions ie readData( ), calculate( ), display( )
are bind together in a class named as Rectangle. Ie The member
functions can access any data member in the class.
Benefits with encapsulation:
(i) Modularity.
(ii) Information hiding.
2004
1.a) What is polymorphism? Give an example in C ++ to show
its implementation in C++.
Ans:Polymorphism is the attribute that allows one interface to
be used with different situation.C++ implements polymorphism
through virtual functions, through overloaded functions and
overloaded operators.
A virtual function is used to specify the interface in
abstract class, but its implementation details are made
available by the concrete class(es).
An overloaded function refers to a function having (one
name and) more than one distinct meanings. Similarly, when
two or more distinct meanings are defined for an operator, it is
said to be an ‘overloaded operator’.It is the compiler’s job to
select the specific action as it applies to each situation.
Eg: The program in the next answer.
2003:
2.a) What do you understand by function overloading? Give an
example illustrating its use in a c++ program.
Ans: A function name having several definitions that are
differentiable by the number or types of their arguments, is
known as an overloaded function and this process is known as
function overloading.
Function overloading not only implements polymorphism
but also reduces number of comparisons in a program and
thereby makes the program run faster.
Example program illustrating function overloading:
//Program to find out area of a circle or area of rectangle using
//function overloading.
#include<iostream.h>
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 41 9 490236965,[email protected]
 #include<conio.h>
void area(float r)
{ cout<<”\nThe area of the circle = “<<3.1415*r*r; }
void area(float l,float b)
{ cout<<”\nThe area of the rectangle = “<<l*b; }
void main( )
{ float rad,len,bre;
int n;
clrscr( );
cout<<”\n1. Area of a Circle…”;
cout<<”\n2. Area of a Rectangle…”;
cout<<”\n\nEnter your choice: “;
cin>>n;
switch(n)
{
case 1: cout<<”\nEnter the radius: “;
cin>>rad;
area(rad);
break;
case 2: cout<<”\nEnter the length and breadth: “;
cin>>len>>bre;
area(len,bre);
break;
default: cout<<”\nYou have to enter either 1 or 2”;
} //end of switch
getch( );
}
2000:
1.a) Illustrate the concept of function overloading with the help
of an example. 1
Ans: The above answer.
1998:
1.a) Define the following terms: (i) Inheritance (ii)Encapsulation.
Ans:a) Inheritance: The capability of one class to inherit
properties from another class is called as inheritance.
The class inheritance, lets you generate a model that is closer to
the real world. The class inheritance lets you derive new classes
(derived class) from old ones (base class), with the derived class
inheriting the properties, including the methods of the old class.
Uses of Inheritance:
1) Capability to express the inheritance relationship which
ensures the closeness with the real world models.
2) Reusability.
3) Transitive nature of inheritance.
b) Encapsulation: The wrapping up of data and functions into
a single unit (class) is called as encapsulation.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 42 9 490236965,[email protected]

 4.CLASSES AND OBJECTS
2008 Delhi:

2.a) Differentiate between public and private visibility modes in

context of Object Oriented Programming using a suitable
example illustrating each.
Ans:
public and private visibility modes in context of OOP:
The visibility mode (private or public or protected) in the
definition of the derived class specifies whether the features of
the base class are privately derived or publicly derived or
protected derived. The visibility modes basically control the
access specifier to be for inheritable members of base class, in
the derived class.
Public visibility mode: The public derivation means that the
derived class can access the public and protected members of
the base class but not the private members of the base class.
With publicly derived class, the public members of the base
class become the public members of the derived class, and the
protected members of the base class become the protected
members of the derived class.
Private visibility mode: The private derivation means, the
derived class can access the public and private members of the
base class privately. With privately derived class, the public and
protected members of the base class become private members of
the derived class. That means the inherited members can be
accessed only through member functions of the derived class.
Visibility Inheritable Inheritable Private
Mode public protected member of
member member base class are
becomes ( in becomes (in not directly
derived class) derived class) accessible to
public Public protected derived class.
private Private private

public and private access specifiers in context of OOP:

public access specifier is used to define any method or a
variable which may be accessed by any member function of the
same class and also from outside the class. Private access
specifier is used to make any variable or a method which has a
limited access within the class only.
The concept of data hiding is implemented through the private
access specifier only.
Eg:
class student
{
private:
int rno;
char name[21];
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 43 9 490236965,[email protected]
 public:
int age;
void input( );
void display( );
}
Here, since rno and name are declared in private, they can be
accessed only inside the class. Since age,input( ) and
display() are declared in public, they can be accessed from
outside class also.

2008 Outside Delhi:

2.a) Differentiate between private and protected visibility modes

in context of object oriented programming using a suitable
example illustrating each.
Ans:
private and protected visibility modes in context of OOP:
The visibility mode (private or public or protected) in the
definition of the derived class specifies whether the features of
the base class are privately derived or publicly derived or
protected derived. The visibility modes basically control the
access specifier to be for inheritable members of base class, in
the derived class.

Private visibility mode: The private derivation means, the

derived class can access the public and private members of the
base class privately. With privately derived class, the public and
protected members of the base class become private members of
the derived class. That means the inherited members can be
accessed only through member functions of the derived class.

Protected visibility mode: The protected derivation means

that the derived class can access the public and private
members of the base class protectedly. With protectedly derived
class, the public and protected members of the base calss
become protected members of the derived class. That means
the inherited members are now not available to the outside
world and can be accessed only through the member functions
of the derived class and the classes based upon the derived
classes. These members can be inherited further if any classes
are inheriting from the derived class.

Visibility Inheritable Inheritable Private

Mode public protected member of
member member base class are
becomes ( in becomes (in not directly
derived class) derived class) accessible to
protected Protected protected derived class.
private Private private

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 44 9 490236965,[email protected]

private and protected access specifiers in context of OOP:
private access specifier is used to make any variable or a
method which has a limited access within the class only.
At the time of inheritance, these variables cannot be accessed
(inherited) to the derived class.
protected access specifier is used to make any variable or a
method which has a limited access within the class only (here
like private). But at the time of inheritance, these variables can
be inherited to the derived class.
Except regarding inheritance, both access specifiers ie private
and protected will work same.
Eg:
class student
{
private:
int rno;
char name[21];
protected:
int age;
void input( );
void display( );
}
Here, since rno and name are declared in private, they can be
accessed only inside the class. Since age,input( ) and display()
are declared in protected, they also can be accessed only inside
the class but they can be inherited, where as private members
(rno and name) cannot be inherited.

2006 Delhi:

2.c) Define a class named ADMISSION in C++ with the following

descriptions:

Private Members:
AD_NO integer(Ranges 10 – 2000)
NAME Array of characters(String)
CLASS Character
FEES Float
Public Members:
Function Read_Data( ) to read an object of ADMISSION type.
Function Display( ) to display the details of an object.
Function Draw-Nos.( ) to choose 2 students randomly.
And display the details. Use random function to generate
admission nos. to match with AD_NO.

Ans:
class ADMISSION
{
int AD_NO;
char NAME[31];
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 45 9 490236965,[email protected]
 char CLASS;
float FEES;
public:
void Read_Data( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Admission Number: ";
cin>>AD_NO;
cout<<"\nEnter the Student Name: ";
gets(NAME);
cout<<"\nEnter the Class: ";
cin>>CLASS;
cout<<"\nEnter the Fees: ";
cin>>FEES;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<"\nThe Admission Number of the student: "<<AD_NO;
cout<<"\nThe name of the Student: "<<NAME;
cout<<"\nThe Class of the Student: "<<CLASS;
cout<<"\nThe Fees of the Student: "<<FEES;
}
void Draw_Nos();
};
void ADMISSION::Draw_Nos( )
{ //Dear Students, a test for you. Complete this member function.

2006 Outside Delhi:

1.b) Illustrate the use of Inline function in C++ with the help of
an example. 2
Ans:
INLINE FUNCTIONS: The inline functions are a C++
enhancement designed to speed up programs. The coding of
normal functions and inline functions is similar except that
inline functions definitions start with the keyword inline.

The working of inline functions:

After writing any program, it is first compiled to get an
executable code, which consists of a set of machine language
instructions. When this executable code is executed, the
operating system loads these instructions into the computer’s
memory, so that each instruction is stored in a specific memory
location. Thus, each instruction has a particular memory
address.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 46 9 490236965,[email protected]
 After loading the executable program in the computer
memory, these instructions are executed step by step. When a
function call instruction is encountered, the program stores the
memory address of the instruction immediately following the
function call statement, loads the function being called into the
memory, copies argument values, jumps to the memory location
of the called function, executes the function code, stores the
return value of the function, and then jumps back to the
address of the instruction that was saved just before executing
the called function.
With inline code, the compiler replaces the function call
statement with the function code itself (this process is called
expansion) and then compiles the entire code. Thus, with inline
functions, the compiler does not have to jump to another
location to execute the function, and then jump back as the
code of the called function is already available to the calling
program.
Inline functions run a little faster than the normal
functions as function calling overheads are saved, however
there is a memory penalty. If 10 times an inline function is
called, there will be 10 copies of the function inserted into the
code.
A function can be declared inline by placing the keyword
inline before it. An inline function definition should be placed
above all the functions that call it. The functions should be
inlined only when they are small. Since for large functions, they
will become memory penalty.

The inlining does not work for following situations:

a. For functions that return values and are having a loop or a

switch or a goto.
b. For functions not returning values, if a return statement
exists.
c. If functions contain static variables.
d. If the function is recursive(a function that calls itself).

Inlining and the member functions:

The member function of a class, if defined within the class

definition, are inlined by default. Therefore, only very small
member functions should be defined within the class definition.
The member functions defined outside the class definition
can be made explicitly inline by placing the keyword inline
before their definition.
Inline functions are best for small functions that are called
often.
The compiler may even ignore your attempt to linline a function
if it consists more than 50 lines of code.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 47 9 490236965,[email protected]

2. c) Define a class named HOUSING in C++ with the following
descriptions: 4
Private Members:
REG_NO integer(Ranges 10-1000)
NAME Array of characters(String)
TYPE Character
COST Float
Public Members:
Function Read_Data( ) to rread an object of HOUSING type.
Function Display( ) to display the details of an object.
Function Draw_Nos( ) to choose and display the details of 2
houses selected randomly from an array of 10 objects of
type HOUSING. Use random function to generate the
registration nos. to match with REG_NO from the array.

Ans:
class HOUSING
{
int REG_NO;
char NAME[31];
char TYPE;
float COST;
public:
void Read_Data( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the House Registration Number: ";
cin>>REG_NO;
cout<<"\nEnter the House Name: ";
gets(NAME);
cout<<"\nEnter the House Type: ";
cin>>TYPE;
cout<<"\nEnter the House Cost: ";
cin>>COST;
}
void Display()
{
cout<<"\nThe Registration Number of the House: "<<REG_NO;
cout<<"\nThe name of the House: "<<NAME;
cout<<"\nThe Type of the House: "<<TYPE;
cout<<"\nThe Cost of the House: "<<COST;
}
void Draw_Nos();
};
void HOUSING::Draw_Nos( )
{ //Dear Students, a test for you. Complete this member function.

}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 48 9 490236965,[email protected]
2004:
2.b) Declare a class myfolder with the following specifications:

Private members of the class:

Filenames an array of strig of size[10][25]
(to represent all the names of files inside myfolder)
Availspace long
(to represent total number of bytes available in myfolder)
Usedspace long
(to represent total number of bytes used in myfolder)

Public members of the class:

Newfileentry() : A function to accept values of Filenames,
Availspace and Usedspace from user.
Retavailspace(): A function that returns the value of total
kilobytes available (1 kilobyte=1024 bytes)
Showfiles(): A function that displays the names of all the files in
myfolder
Ans:
class myfolder
{
char Filenames[10][25];
long Availspace;
long Usedspace;
public:
void Newfileentry( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter any 10 file names: ";
for(int i=0;i<=9;i++)
{
cout<<"\nEnter the "<<i+1<<" file name: ";
gets(Filenames[i]);
}
cout<<"\nEnter the Available Space (In Kilobytes): ";
cin>>Availspace;
cout<<"\nEnter the Used Space (In Kilobytes): ";
cin>>Usedspace;
}
long RetavailSpace( )
{
ret Availspace;
}
void Showfiles( )
{
cout<<"\nThe names of the files in myfolder object....";
for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
{
puts(Filenames[i]);
cout<<endl;
}
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 49 9 490236965,[email protected]
2002:

2.a) What do you understand about a member function? How

does a member function differ from an ordinary function?

Ans: A member function is a function declared within a class.

It is said to be defined in two ways. Ie Outside the class and
inside the class. When a member function is defined outside
the class, the name of the function must be the full name
including the class name as well. When a member function is
defined inside the class, the name of the function is similar to
an ordinary function but it will become an inline function.

2.b) Define a class Student for the following specifications.

Private members of the Student are:
roll_no integer
name array of characters of size 20
class_st array of characters of size 8
marks array of integers of size 5
Percentage float
Calculate( ) that calculates overall percentage
marks and returns the percentage
Public Members of the Student are:
Readmarks reads mark and invoke the calculate function
Displaymarks prints the data.

Ans:
class Student
{
int roll_no;
char name[20];
char class_st[8];
int marks[5];
float percentage;
float calculate( )
{
percentage=(marks[0]+marks[1]+marks[2]+marks[3]+marks[4])/5;
return percentage;
}
public:
void Readmarks( )
{
cout<<”\nEnter any 5 subject marks;
cin>>marks[0]>>marks[1]>>marks[2]>>marks[3]>>marks[4];
calculate( );
}
void Displaymarks( )
{
cout<<”\nThe Roll Number of the Student: “<<roll_no;
cout<<”\nThe Name of the Student: “<<name;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 50 9 490236965,[email protected]
 cout<<”\nThe class of the Student: “<<class_st;
cout<<”\n5 subject marks of the student…\n”;
cout<<marks[0]<<”\t”<<marks[1]<<”\t”<<marks[2]<<”\t”;
cout<<marks[3]<<”\t”<<marks[4]<<”\n”;
cout<<”Percentage =”<<percentage;
}
};

2001:
2.b) Declare a class to represent bank account of 10 customers
with the following data members. Name of the depositor,
account number, type of account (S for Savings and C for
Current), Balance amount. The class also contains member
functions to do the following:
(i)To initialize data members.
(ii) To deposit money
(iii)To withdraw money after checking the balance (minimum
balance is Rs.1000)
(iv) To display the data members.
[Note:You are also required to give detailed function definitions.]
class Bank
{
char name[15];
int acc_no;
char acc_type;
float bal_amount;
public:
void readData( )
{
cout<<”\nEnter the name: “;
gets(name);
cout<<”\nEnter the account number: “;
cin>>acc_no;
cout<<”\nEnter the account type: “;
cin>>acc_type;
cout<<”\nEnter the amount to deposit: “;
cin>>bal_amount;
}
void deposit( )
{
float deposit;
cout<<”\nEnter your account number: “;
cin>>acc_no;
cout<<”\nEnter the amount to deposit: “;
cin>>deposit;
bal_amount=bal_amount + deposit;
}
void withdraw( )
{
float w_amount;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 51 9 490236965,[email protected]
 cout<<”\nEnter your account number: “;
cin>>acc_no;
cout<<”\nEnter amount to withdraw”;
cin>>w_amount;
if((bal_amount-w_amount)<1000)
cout<<”\nWithdraw is not possible”;
else
{
bal_amount=bal_amount-w_amount;
cout<<”\nThe balance is “<<bal_amount-w_amount;
}
}
void display( )
{
cout<<”\nName of the depositor: “<<name;
cout<<”\nAccount Number: “<<acc_no;
cout<<”\nAccount Type: “<<acc_type;
cout<<”\nThe balance amount is “<<bal_amount;
}
};
2000 :
2.b) Define a class worker with the following specification. 4
Private member of class worker:
wname 25characters
hrwrk,wgrate float (hours worked and wagerate per hour)
totwage float(hrwrk*wgrate)
cakcwg() A function to find hrwrk*wgrate with float
return type
Public members of class worker:
In_data( ): A function to accept values for wno, wname,
hrrwrk, wgrate and invoke calcwg( ) to calculate totpay.
Out_data( ): A function to display all the data members on the
screen you should give definitions of functions.
class worker
{
char wname[25];
float hrwrk,wgrate;
float totwage;
float cakcwg( )
{
return hrwrk*wgrate;
}
public:
void In_data( )
{
cout<<”\nEnter Worker number,name,hours worked and wage rate”;
cin>>wno;
gets(wname);
cin>>hrwrk>>wgrate;
calcwg( );
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 52 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void Out_data( )
{
cout<<”\nThe Worker Number: “<<wno;
cout<<”\nThe Name of the worker: “<<wname;
cout<<”\nNumber of hours worked by the worker: “<<hrwrk;
cout<<”\nThe Wage Rate of the Worker: “<<wgrate;
cout<<”\nThe total wages of the worker: “<<totwage;
}

1999 :

2.b) Define a class Teacher with the following class

specification:
Private members:
Name 20 characters
Subject 10 characters
Basic, DA, HRA float
Salary float
Calculate( ) function computes the salary and returns it.
Salary is sum of Basic, DA and HRA
Public members:
ReadData( ): Function accepts the data values and invoke the
calculate function.
DisplayData( ):Function prints the data on the screen.

class Teacher
{
char Name[20];
char subject[10];
float Basic,DA,HRA,Salary;
float Calculate( )
{
Salary=Basic+DA+HRA;
return Salary;
}
public:
void ReadData( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter Basic, Dearness Allowance and “
cout<<” House Rent Allowance: ";
cin>>Basic>>DA>>HRA;
Calculate();
}
void DisplayData( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Basic : "<<Basic;
cout<<"\nThe Dearness Allowance: "<<DA;
cout<<"\nThe House Rent Allowance: "<<HRA;
cout<<"\nThe Salary: "<<Salary;
}
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 53 9 490236965,[email protected]
1998 Annual:

2.b) Define a class student with the following specifications:

Private members of class student:

Admno integer
Sname 20 character
English float
Math float
Science float
Total float
Ctotal( ) A function to calculate English +
math + science with float return type
Public member functions of class student:
Takedata( ):Function to accept values for admno,sname,
English, math, science and invoke ctotal to calculate total.
Showdata( ):Function to display all the data members on
the screen.
class student
{
int Admno;
char Sname[20];
float English,Math,Science,Total;
float Ctotal()
{
Total=English+math+science;
return Total;
}
public:
void Takedata()
{
cout<<”\nEnter the admission number,name of the
student: “;
cin>>Admno;
gets(sname);
cout<<”\nEnter English, Maths, Science Marks: “;
cin>>English>>Math>>Science;
Ctotal( );
}
void Showdata( )
{
cout<<”\nThe admission number of the student: “<<Admno;
cout<<”\nThe name of the student: “<<Sname;
cout<<”\nEnglish , Maths and Science Marks are…”;
cout<< English<<”\t”<<math<<”\t”<<science<<”\n”;
cout<<”\nTotal marks of the student: “<<Total;
};

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 54 9 490236965,[email protected]

 5.CONSTRUCTORS & DESTRUCTORS

DELHI 2008
2.b) Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the
following program: 2
#include <iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class bazaar
{ char Type[20] ;
char product [20];
int qty ;
float price ;
bazaar() //function 1
{
strcpy (type , “Electronic”) ;
strcpy (product , “calculator”);
qty=10;
price=225;
}
public :
void Disp() //function 2
{
cout<< type <<”-”<<product<<”:” <<qty<< “@” << price << endl ;
}
};
void main ()
{
Bazaar B ; //statement 1
B. disp() ; //statement 2
}

(i)Will statement 1 initialize all the data members for object B

with the values given in the
function 1 ? (YES OR NO).
Justify your answer suggesting the correction(s) to be made
in the above code.

Ans: No. The reason is the constructor should be defined

under the public visibility label.

(ii) What shall be the possible output when the program gets
executed ? (Assuming, if required _ the suggested correction(s)
are made in the program).
Ans: Possible Output:
Electronic–Calculator:10@225

2.c)Define a class Garments in c++ with following descriptions 4

private members :
GCode of type string
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 55 9 490236965,[email protected]
GType of type string
Gsize of type intiger
Gfabric of type istring
Gprice of type float
A function Assign() which calculate and the value of GPrice
as follows.
For the value of GFabric “COTTON” ,
GType GPrice(RS)
TROUSER 1300
SHIRT 1100
For GFabric other than “COTTON”, the above mentioned
GPrice gets reduced by 10%

public members:
A constructor to assign initial values of GCode,GType and
GFabric with the a word “NOT ALLOTED”and Gsize and Gprice
with 0.

A function Input ()to the values of the data membersGCode,

GType,Gsize and GFabric and invoke the Assign() function.

A function Display () which displays the content of all the data

members for a garment.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class Garments
{
char GCode[21],GType[21];
int Gsize;
char Gfabric[21];
float Gprice;
void Assign( )
{
if(strcmp(strupr(Gfabric),"COTTON")==0)
{
if(strcmp(strupr(GType),"TROUSER")==0)
Gprice=1300;
if(strcmp(strupr(GType),"SHIRT")==0)
Gprice=1100;
}
else
{
if(strcmp(strupr(GType),"TROUSER")==0)
Gprice=1300*0.90;
if(strcmp(strupr(GType),"SHIRT")==0)
Gprice=1100*0.90;
}
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 56 9 490236965,[email protected]
 public:
Garments( )
{
strcpy(GCode,"NOT ALLOTED");
strcpy(GType,"NOT ALLOTED");
Gsize=0;
strcpy(Gfabric,"NOT ALLOTED");
Gprice=0;
}
void Input( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Grament Code: ";
gets(GCode);
cout<<"\nEnter the Garment Type: ";
gets(GType);
cout<<"\nEnter the Garment Size: ";
cin>>Gsize;
cout<<"\nEnter the Garment Fabric: ";
gets(Gfabric);
Assign( );
}
void display( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Garment Code: "<<GCode;
cout<<"\nThe Garment Type: "<<GType;
cout<<"\nThe Garment Size: "<<Gsize;
cout<<"\nThe Garment Fabric: "<<Gfabric;
cout<<"\nThe Garment Price: "<<Gprice;
}
};
void main( )
{
Garments G;
G.Input( );
G.display( );
}

OUTSIDE DELHI 2008

2.b) Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the
following program:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class Retail
{
char category[20];
char item[20];
int qty;
float price;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 57 9 490236965,[email protected]
 retail () //function 1
{
strcpy (category, “cerial”);
strcpy (Item, “Rice”);
qty =100 ;
price =25 ;
}
public;
void show() //function 2
{
cout << category <<”-“<< Item << “:”<<Qty<<“@”<< price<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
Retail R; //statement 1
R. show (); //statement 2
}

(i) will statement 1 initialize all the data members for

objects R with the given in the function 1 ? (YES OR NO).
Justify your Answer suggesting the corrections(s) to be made in
the above code.

Ans:No. The reason is the constructor should be defined under

the public visibility label.

(ii) What shall be the possible out put when the program gets
executed ? (Assuming, if required the suggested correction(s) are
made in the program)
Ans: Possible Output:
cerial–Rice:100@25

2.c ) Define a class clothing in c++ with the following

descriptions :
private members :
code of type string
type of type string
size of type intiger
material of type string
price of type float
A function calc_price( )which calculates and assigns the value
of GPrice as follows ;
For the value of material as “COTTON” :
Type price (Rs)
TROUSER 1500.
SHIRT 1200.
for material other than “COTTON”, the above mentioned GPprice
price gets reduced by 25%
public members :
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 58 9 490236965,[email protected]
A constructor to assign initial values of code ,type and material
with the word “NOT ASSIGNED “and size and price with 0.
A function enter() to input the values of the data members code,
type, size and material and invoke the caclPrice () function.
A function show which displays the content of all the data
members for a clothing.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class clothing
{ char Code[21],Type[21];
int size;
char material[21];
float price;
void calc_price( )
{
if(strcmp(strupr(material),"COTTON")==0)
{
if(strcmp(strupr(Type),"TROUSER")==0)
price=1500;
if(strcmp(strupr(Type),"SHIRT")==0)
price=1200;
}
else
{
if(strcmp(strupr(Type),"TROUSER")==0)
price=1500*0.75;
if(strcmp(strupr(Type),"SHIRT")==0)
price=1200*0.75;
}
}
public:
clothing( )
{
strcpy(Code,"NOT ALLOTED");
strcpy(Type,"NOT ALLOTED");
size=0;
strcpy(material,"NOT ALLOTED");
price=0;
}
void enter( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Cloth Code: ";
gets(Code);
cout<<"\nEnter the Cloth Type: ";
gets(Type);
cout<<"\nEnter the Cloth Size: ";
cin>>size;
cout<<"\nEnter the cloth material: ";
gets(material);
calc_price( );
}

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 59 9 490236965,[email protected]

 void show( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Cloth Code: "<<Code;
cout<<"\nThe Cloth Type: "<<Type;
cout<<"\nThe Cloth Size: "<<size;
cout<<"\nThe Cloth Material: "<<material;
cout<<"\nThe Cloth Price: "<<price;
}
};
void main( )
{
clothing C;
C.enter( );
C.show( );
}

DELHI: 2007

2.a) Differentiate between Constructor and Destructor function

in context of Classes and Objects Using C++? 2

Ans:
Constructor Destructor
Purpose: Is used to intitialize Purpose: Is used to destroy the
the objects of that class type objects that have been created
with a legal initial value by a constructor
Name: The name of the class Name:The name of the class
preceded by a ~.
Calling: It will be called Calling: It will be called
automatically at the time of automatically at the time of
creation of the object. destruction of an object.
Ie Implicite calling Ie Implicite calling
Return Type: No return type Return Type: No return type
not even void not even void

Constructor: A constructor is used to intitialize the objects of

that class type with a legal initial value.If a class has a
constructor, each object of that class will be initialized before
any use is made of the object.
(A member function with the same name as its class is
called Constructor and it is used to initialize the objects of that
class type with a legal initial value. )

Destructor: A destructor is used to destroy the objects that

have been created by a constructor. A destructor destroys the
values of the object being destroyed.

2.b) Answer the question (i)and (ii)after going through the

following class: 2

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 60 9 490236965,[email protected]

 class Maths
{
char Chapter[20]
int Marks;
public:
Maths() //Member Function 1
{ strcpy (Chapter, “Geometry”);
Marks=10;
cout <<”Chapter Initialised “;
}
-Maths() //Member Functions 2
{
cout<<”Chapter Over”;
}
};

(i)Name the specific features of class shown by member

Function 1 and Member Function 2 in the above example.
Ans: Member function 1 is a (non-parameterized or default)
constructor (, which will be executed automatically at the
time of creation of an object of class Maths).
Member function 2 is a destructor (,which will be executed
automatically at the time of destruction of an object of class
Maths).

(ii)How would Member Function 1 and Member Function 2 get

executed ?
Ans: They will be executed automatically.
Member function 1 will be executed at the time of creation of an
object of class Maths. Member function 2 will be executed at the
time of destruction of an object of class Maths.

2.c)Define a class Tour in C++ with the description given below4

Private Members:
TCode of type string
No of Adults of type integer
No of Kids of type integer
Kilometers of type integer
TotalFare of type float

Public Members:
• A constructor to assign initial values as follows:
TCode with the word “NULL”
No of Adults as 0
No of Kids as 0
Kilometers as 0
TotalFare as 0
• A function AssignFare() which calculates and assigns the
value of the data member Totalfare as follows
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 61 9 490236965,[email protected]
 For each Adult
Fare (Rs) For Kilometers
500 >=1000
300 <1000 & >=500
200 <500
For each Kid the above Fare will be 50% of the Fare
mentioned in the above table
For Example:
If Kilometers is 850, Noofadults =2 and NoofKids =3
Then TotalFare should be calculated as
Numof Adults *300+ NoofKids *150
i.e., 2*300+ 3 *150 =1050
• A function EnterTour() to input the values of the data
members TCode, NoofAdults, NoofKids and Kilometers ;
and invoke the AssignFare() function.
• A function ShowTour() which displays the content of all
the data members for a Tour.
Ans:
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream.h>
class Tour
{
char TCode[21];
int NoofAdults,NoofKids,Kilometres;
float TotalFare;
public:
Tour( )
{ strcpy(TCode,"NULL");
NoofAdults=NoofKids=Kilometres=TotalFare=0;
}
void AssignFare( )
{if(Kilometres>=1000)
TotalFare=NoofAdults*500+NoofKids*250;
else if(Kilometres>=500)
TotalFare=NoofAdults*300+NoofKids*150;
else
TotalFare=NoofAdults*200+NoofKids*100;
}
void EnterTour( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Tour Code: ";
gets(TCode);
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Adults: ";
cin>>NoofAdults;
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Kids: ";
cin>>NoofKids;
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Kilometres: ";
cin>>Kilometres;
AssignFare( );
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 62 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void ShowTour( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Tour Code: "<<TCode;
cout<<"\nThe Number of Adults: "<<NoofAdults;
cout<<"\nThe Number of Kids: "<<NoofKids;
cout<<"\nThe Number of Kilometres: "<<Kilometres;
cout<<"\n\nThe Total Fare: "<<TotalFare;
}
};
void main( )
{
clrscr();
Tour T;
T.EnterTour( );
T.ShowTour( );
getch();
}

OUTSIDE DELHI: 2007

2.b) Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the
following class : 2
class Science
{ char Topic[20] ;
int Weightage ;
public :
Science () //Function 1
{ strcpy (Topic, “Optics”) ;
Weightage =30
cout<<”Topic Activated”;
}
~Science() //Function 2
{ cout<<”Topic Deactivated”; }
};

(i)Name the specific features of class shown by Function 1 and

Function 2 in the above example.
Ans: Member function 1 is a (non-parameterized or default)
constructor (, which will be executed automatically at the
time of creation of an object of class Science).
Member function 2 is a destructor (,which will be executed
automatically at the time of destruction of an object of class
Science).

(ii)How would Function 1 and Function 2 get executed ?

Ans: They will be executed automatically.
Member function 1 will be executed at the time of creation of an
object of class Science. Member function 2 will be executed at
the time of destruction of an object of class Science.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 63 9 490236965,[email protected]

2.c) Define a class Travel in C++ with the description given
below : 4
Private Members:
T_Code of type string
No_ of_ Adults of type integer
No _of _Children of type integer
Distance of type integer
TotalFare of type float
Public Members:
• A constructor to assign initial values as follows:
TCode with the word “NULL”
No _of_ Adults as 0
No_ of_Children as 0
Distance as 0
TotalFare as 0
• A function AssignFare() which calculates and assigns the
value of the data member Totalfare as follows
For each Adult

Fare (Rs) For Kilometers

500 >=1000
300 <1000 & >=500
200 <500
For each Child the above Fare will be 50% of the Fare
mentioned in the above table
For Example:
If Distance is 750, No_of_adults =3 and
No_of_Children =2
Then TotalFare should be calculated as
Num_of _Adults *300+ No_of_Children *150
i.e., 3*300+ 2 *150 =1200
• A function EnterTour() to input the values of the data
members T_Code, No_of_Adults, No_of_Children and
Distance ; and invoke the AssignFare() function.
• A function ShowTravel() which displays the content of all
the data members for a Travel.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream.h>
class Travel
{
char T_Code[21];
int No_of_Adults,No_of_Children,Distance;
float TotalFare;
public:
Travel( )
{ strcpy(T_Code,"NULL");
No_of_Adults=No_of_Children=Distance=TotalFare=0;
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 64 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void AssignFare( )
{
if(Distance>=1000)
TotalFare=No_of_Adults*500+No_of_Children*250;
else if(Distance>=500)
TotalFare=No_of_Adults*300+No_of_Children*150;
else
TotalFare=No_of_Adults*200+No_of_Children*100;
}
void EnterTravel( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Travel Code: ";
gets(T_Code);
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Adults: ";
cin>>No_of_Adults;
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Children: ";
cin>>No_of_Children;
cout<<"\nEnter the Distance in Kilometres: ";
cin>>Distance;
AssignFare( );
}
void ShowTravel( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Travel Code: "<<T_Code;
cout<<"\nThe Number of Adults: "<<No_of_Adults;
cout<<"\nThe Number of Children: "<<No_of_Children;
cout<<"\nThe Distance in Kilometres: "<<Distance;
cout<<"\n\nThe Total Fare: "<<TotalFare;
}
};
void main( )
{
clrscr();
Travel T;
T.EnterTravel( );
T.ShowTravel( );
getch();
}

DELHI 2006

2.b) Answer the following questions (i) and (ii) after going
through the following class. 2
class Interview
{
int Month;
public:
interview(int y) {Month=y;} //constructor 1
interview(Interview&t); //constructor 2
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 65 9 490236965,[email protected]
(i) create an object, such that it invokes Constructor 1.
Ans: Interview A(10); //invoking constructor 1 by passing a
number.

(ii) write complete definition for Constructer 2.

Ans: Interview(Interview &t) //This is a copy constructor.
{
Month=t.Month;
}

OUTSIDE DELHI 2006

1.f) What is a default constructor? How does it differ from

destructor? 2

a) Default constructor: A constructor that accepts no

parameter is called the default constructor.
With a default constructor, objects are created just the same
way as variables of other data types are created.
class X
{
int i ;
public:
int j, k ;
------ //Members Functions
------
};
Eg: X ob1;
Student s1;
If a class has no explicit constructor defined, the compiler will
supply a default constructor. This implicitly declared default
constructor is an inline public members of its class. Declaring
a constructor with arguments hides the default constructor.
There can be a default constructor as well as another
constructor with arguments for a class, having multiple
constructors is called as constructor overloading.

2.b) Answer the following questions (i) and (ii) after going
through the following class. 2
class Exam
{
int Year;
public:
Exam(int y) //Constructor 1
{
Year=y;
}
Exam(Exam &t); //Constructor 2
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 66 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (i) Create an object, such that it invokes Constructor 1
Ans: Exam E((2008);
(ii) Write complete definition for constructor 2.
Ans: Exam(Exam &t) //Copy Constructor.
{
Year=t.Year;
}

DELHI 2005
2.b) Answer the following questions (i) and (ii) after going
through the following class.
class Test
{
char Paper[20];
int Marks
public:
Test() //Function 1

{
strcpy(Paper,”Computer”);
Marks=0;
} //Function 2
Test(char P[])
{
strcpy(Paper,P);
Marks=0;
} //Function 3
Test(int M)
{
strcpy(Paper,”Computer”);
Marks=M;
}
Test(char P[],int M) //Function 4
{
strcpy(Paper,P);
Marks=M;
}
};
(i) Which feature Object Oriented Programming is demonstrated
using Function 1, Function 2, Function 3 and Function 4 in the
above class text?
Ans: Function overloading (here it is constructor overloading).
(ii)Write statements in C++ that would execute Function 2 and
Function 4 of class Text.
Ans: (let char name[20];
int X=60;
strcpy(name,”COMPUTERSCIENCE”);
are declared in the program)
(i) Test A(name); //Will execute Funciton 2
(ii) Test B(name,X); //Will execute Function 4

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 67 9 490236965,[email protected]

2.c) Define a class Travelplan in C++ with the following
descriptions:
Private Members:
Plancode of type long
Place of type character array(string)
Number_of_travellers of type integer
Number_of_buses of type integer
Public Members:
*A constructer to assign initial values of PlanCode as 1001,
Place as “agra”,Number_of_travellers as 5,Number_of_buses as 1

* A function NewPlan() which allows user to enter PlanCode,

Place and Number_of travelers. Also, assign the value of
Number_of_buses as per the following conditions:
Number_of_travellers Number_of_buses
Less than 20 1
Equal to or more than 20 and less than 40 2
Equal to 40 or more than 40 3
* A function ShowPlan() to display the3 content of all the data
members on the screen.
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
class TravelPlan
{ long PlanCode;
char Place[21];
int Number_of_travellers,Number_of_buses;
public:
TravelPlan( )
{ PlanCode=1001;
strcpy(Place,"Agra");
Number_of_travellers=5;
Number_of_buses=1;
}
void NewPlan( )
{ cout<<"\nEnter the Plan Code: ";
cin>>PlanCode;
cout<<"\nEnter the Place to Travel: ";
gets(Place);
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Travellers: ";
cin>>Number_of_travellers;
if(Number_of_travellers>=40)
Number_of_buses=3;
else if(Number_of_travellers>=20)
Number_of_buses=2;
else
Number_of_buses=1;
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 68 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void ShowPlan( )
{ cout<<"\nThe Plan Code: "<<PlanCode;
cout<<"\nThe Place of Travel: "<<Place;
cout<<"\nNumber of Travellers: "<<Number_of_travellers;
cout<<"\nNumber of Buses: "<<Number_of_buses;
}
};
void main( )
{
clrscr( );
TravelPlan T;
T.NewPlan( );
T.ShowPlan( );
getch();
}
OUTSIDE DELHI 2005
1.a) Differentiate between a default constructer and copy
constructer, giving suitable examples of each.
Ans: A default constructor also called as non-parameterized
constructor will take no argument and initialize the object with
the predefined values in that constructor,
Where as a copy constructor will take an already
created object of that class and stores that object values into the
newly created object of that class. A copy constructor takes a
reference to an object of the same class as an argument.
2.b) Answer the following questions (i)and (ii) after going through
the following class.
class Exam
{ int Marks;
char Subject[20];
public:
Exam() //Function 1
{
strcpy(Subject,”Computer”);
Marks=0;
}
Exam(char S[]) //Function 2
{
strcpy(Subject,S);
Marks=0; }
Exam(int M) //Function 3
{
strcpy(Subject,”Computer”);
Marks=M;
}
Exam(char S[],int M) //Function 4
{ Strcpy(Subject,P);
Marks=M;
}
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 69 9 490236965,[email protected]
(i)Write statements in C++ that would execute Function 3 and
Function 4 of class Exam.
(let char name[20];
int X=60;
strcpy(name,”COMPUTERSCIENCE”);
are declared in the program)

(i) Exam A(X); //Will execute Funciton 3

(ii) Exam B(name,X); //Will execute Function 4

(ii)Which feature Object Oriented Programming is demonstrated

using Function 1, Function 2, Function 3 and Function 4 in the
above class text?
Ans: Function overloading (here it is constructor overloading).

2.c) Define a class Travel in C++ with the following descriptions:

Private Members:
Travelcode of type long
Place of type character array(string)
Number_of_travellers of type integer
Number_of_buses of type integer
Public Members:
* A constructer to assign initial values of TravelCode as 201,
Place as “Nainital”, Number_of_travellers as 10,
Number_of_buses as 1
* A function NewTravel() which allows user to enter TravelCode,
Place and Number_of travelers. Also, assign the value of
Number_of_buses as per the following conditions:
Number_of_travellers Number_of_buses
Less than 20 1
Equal to or more than 20 and less than 40 2
Equal to 40 or more than 40 3
* A function ShowTravel() to display the content of all the data
members on the screen.
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
class Travel
{ long TravelCode;
char Place[21];
int No_of_travellers,No_of_buses;
public:
Travel( )
{ TravelCode=201;
strcpy(Place,"Nainital");
No_of_travellers=5;
No_of_buses=1;
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 70 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void NewTravel( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Travel Code: ";
cin>>TravelCode;
cout<<"\nEnter the Place to Travel: ";
gets(Place);
cout<<"\nEnter the Number of Travellers: ";
cin>>No_of_travellers;
if(No_of_travellers>=40)
No_of_buses=3;
else if(No_of_travellers>=20)
No_of_buses=2;
else
No_of_buses=1;
}
void ShowTravel( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Plan Code: "<<TravelCode;
cout<<"\nThe Place of Travel: "<<Place;
cout<<"\nNumber of Travellers: "<<No_of_travellers;
cout<<"\nNumber of Buses: "<<No_of_buses;
}
};
void main( )
{
clrscr( );
Travel T;
T.NewTravel( );
T.ShowTravel( );
getch();
}

DELHI 2004
2.a)Given the following C++ code, answer the questions (i)and(ii)
class TestMeOut
{
public:
~TestMeOut( ) //Function 1
{
cout<<”Leaving the examination hall”<<endl;
}
TestMeOut( ) //Function 2
{
cout<<”Appearing for examination”<<endl;
}
void MyWork( )
{
cout<<”Attempting Questions”<<endl;
}
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 71 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (i) In Object Oriented programming, what is Function
1 referred as and when does it get invoked/called?
Ans: Function 1 is called as Destructor, It will automatically
executed at the time of destruction of the object of class
TestMeOut.
(ii) In Object Oriented Programming, what is Function
2 referred as and when does it get invoked/called?
Ans: Function 2 is called as constructor (Non-parameterized
or default constructor) , it will automatically executed at the
time of creation of the object of class TestMeOut.
DELHI 2003
2.b) Define a class Play in C++ with the following specifications:
Private members of class Play
• Play code integer
• Playtime 25 character
• Duration float
• Noofscenes integer
Public member function of class bPlay
• A constructer function to initialize Duration as 45
and Noofscenes as
• Newplay() function to values for Playcode and
Playtitle.
• Moreinfor() to assign the values of assign the values
of Duration and Noofscenes with the of
corresponding values passed as parameters to this
function.
• Shoplay() function to display all the dataq members
on the screen.
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class Play
{ int Playcode;
char Playtitle[25];
float Duration;
int Noofscenes;
public:
Play( )
{ Duration=45;
Noofscenes=5;
}
void Newplay( )
{
cout<<"\nEnter the Play Code: ";
cin>>Playcode;
cout<<"\nEnter the Play Title: ";
gets(Playtitle);
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 72 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void Moreinfor(float D,int N)
{ Duration = D;
Noofscenes = N;
}
void Showplay( )
{ cout<<"\nThe Play Code : "<<Playcode;
cout<<"\nThe Play Title : "<<Playtitle;
cout<<"\nThe Duration : "<<Duration;
cout<<"\nThe No of Scenes:"<<Noofscenes;
}
};
void main( )
{ clrscr( );
Play P;
P.Newplay( );
float Dur;
int NS;
cout<<"\nEnter the Duration and Number of Scenes: ";
cin>>Dur>>NS;
P.Moreinfor(Dur,NS);
P.Showplay( );
getch( );
}
DELHI 2002
2.c) Write the oputput of the following program. 4
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
class Counter
{
private:
unsigned int count;
public:
Counter()
{ count=0; }
void inc_Count()
{ count++; }
int get_Count()
{ return count; }
};
void main()
{
Counter C1,C2;
cout<<"\nC1="<<C1.get_Count();
cout<<"\nC2="<<C2.get_Count();
C1.inc_Count();
C2.inc_Count();
C2.inc_Count();
cout<<"\nC1="<<C1.get_Count();
cout<<"\nC2="<<C2.get_Count();

}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 73 9 490236965,[email protected]
DELHI 2000
2.a) Why is destructor function required in classes? Illustrate
with the function with an example.
Ans: A destructor is a function which de-allocates/frees the
memory which was reserved by the constructor.
Eg:
class Sample
{
Int i,j;
Public:
Sample(int a, int b) //Constructor
{ i=a; j=b; }
~Sample()
{ cout<<”Destructor at work\n”; }
------
};
void main( )
{
Sample s1(3,4); //Local object s1 constructed with values 3
// and 4 using Sample ( )
-----
------
----//Automatically s1 is destructed at the end of the block
//using destructor ~Sample( )
}

Here in the above example the destructor ~Sample( ) will be

automatically executed at the time of destruction of an object,
and which is used to de-allocate the memory, before doing it
whatever written in the destructor will be executed.
Ie in the above example whenever an object of the class is being
destroyed, “Destructor at work” will be displayed.

DELHI 1998

2.a) What is a copy constructor? What do you understand by

constructer overloading?
Ans: copy constructor is a constructor of the form
classname(classname &). The compiler will use the copy
constructor whenever you initialize an instance using values of
another instance of same type.
Eg: Sample S1; //Default constructor used
Sample S2 = S1; //Copy constructor used. Also
//Sample S2(S1);
In the above code, for the second statement, the compiler will
copy the instance S1 to S2 member by member. If you have not
defined a copy constructor, the compiler automatically, creates
it and it is public.
A copy constructor takes a reference to an object of the same
class an argument.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 74 9 490236965,[email protected]
Constructor Overloading:
With same constructor name, having several definitions
that are differentiable by the number or types of their
arguments(ie Parameterized, non-parameterized and copy
constructors) is known as an overloaded constructor and this
process is known as constructor overloading.
Constructor overloading implements polymorphism.
An Example using Constructor Overloading:
1.Program to find area of a circle using class, constructor
functions and destructor.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Circle
{ float r,a; //r and a are private
public:
Circle() //Non parameterized or Default Constructor
{ r=0.0; a=0.0; }
Circle(float rad) //Parameterized Constructor
{ r = rad;
a = 3.1415*r*r;
}
Circle(Circle &obj) //Copy Constructor
{ r = obj.r;
a = obj.a;
}
~Circle()
{ cout<<"\nThe object is being destroyed...."; }
void take()
{ cout<<"Enter the value of Radius: ";
cin>>r;
}
void calculate()
{ a = 3.1415*r*r; }
void display()
{ cout<<"\nThe Radius of the Circle = "<<r;
cout<<"\nThe Area of the Circle = "<<a;
}
};
void main()
{ clrscr();
Circle c1; /*Default Constructor will be called implicitely.
ie c1.r = 0.0 and c1.a = 0.0 */
Circle c2(10.3); //Parameterized Constructor will be called
//implicitely
Circle c3(c2); //Copy Constructor will be called implicitely
c1.take();
c1.calculate();
c1.display();
c2.display();
c3.display();
getch();}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 75 9 490236965,[email protected]
 8. INHERITANCE
DELHI 2008
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code :
class Dolls
{ char Dcode[5];
protected:
float Price;
void CalcPrice(float);
public:
Dolls();
void DInput();
void DShow();
};
class SoftDolls:public Dolls
{
char SDName[20];
float Weight;
public:
SoftDolls();
void SDInput();
void DShow();
};
class ElectronicDolls:public Dolls
{
char EDName[20];
char BatteryType[10];
int Batteries;
public:
ElecronicDolls();
void EDInput();
void EDShow();
};
(i)Which type of Inheritance is shown in the above example?
Ans: Hierarchical Inheritance.
Since the sub classes are derived from a single base class(Dolls).
(ii)How many bytes will be required by an object of the class
ElectronicDolls ?
Ans: 41 Bytes
(Explonation: The memory will be reserved as follows:
char Dcode[5]; //5 Bytes
float Price; //4 Bytes
char EDName[20]; //20 Bytes
char BatteryType[10]; //10 Bytes
int Batteries; //2 Bytes Total = 41 Bytes )
iii)Write name of all data members accessible from member
function of the class SoftDolls.
Ans: Dolls::Price,
SoftDolls:: SDName,
SoftDolls::Weight

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 76 9 490236965,[email protected]

(iv)Write name of member functions accessible an object of the
class ElectronicDolls?
Ans: ElectronicDolls::EDInput( ),
ElectronicDolls::EDShow( ),
Dolls::DInput( ),
Dolls::DShow( )
OUTSIDE DELHI 2008
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code :
class Toys
{ char Tcode[5];
protected:
float Price;
void Assign(float);
public:
Toys();
void Tentry();
void Tdisplay();
};
class SoftToys:public Toys
{ char STName[20];
float Weight;
public:
SoftToys();
void STentry();
void STDisplay();
};
class ElectronicToys:public Toys
{ char ETName[20];
int No_of_Batteries;
public:
ElecronicToys();
void ETEntry();
void ETDisplay();
};
(i)Which type of Inheritance is shown in the above example?
Ans: Hierarchical Inheritance.
Since the sub classes are derived from a single base class(Dolls).
(ii)How many bytes will be required by an object of the class
SoftToys ?
Ans: 33 Bytes
(Explonation: The memory will be reserved as follows:
char Tcode[5]; //5 Bytes
float Price; //4 Bytes
char STName[20]; //20 Bytes
float Weight; // 4 Bytes Total = 33 Bytes)
(iii)Write name of all data members accessible from member
function of the class SoftToys.
Ans: Toys::Price,
SoftToys::STName,
SoftToys::Weight
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 77 9 490236965,[email protected]
(iv)Write name of member functions accessible an object of the
class ElectronicToys ?
Ans: ElectronicToys::ETEntry( ),
Electronic Toys::ETDisplay( ),
Toys::TEntry( ),
Toys::TDisplay( )
DELHI 2007
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code:4
class Trainer
{ char TNo[5],Tname[20],specialization[10];
int Days;
protected :
float Remuneratoin;
void AssignRem(float);
public:
Trainer();
void TEntry();
void TDisplay();
};
class Learner
{
char Regno[10],LName[20],Program[10];
protected:
int Attendance,grade;
public:
Learner();
void LEntry();
void LDisplay();
};
class Institute:public Learner,public Trainer
{
char ICode[10],IName[20];
public:
Institute();
void IEntry();
void IDisplay();
};
(i)Which type of inheritance is depicted by above example ?
Ans: Multiple Inheritance.
Since here the class Institute is deriving from the classes
Learner and Trainer.
(ii)Identify the member function(s) that cannot be called directly
from the objects of class Institute from the following
TEntry()
LDisplay()
IEntry()
Ans: All the above 3 member functions can be called directly
from the objects of class Institute.
(iii)Write name of all member(s) accessible from member
functions of class institute.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 78 9 490236965,[email protected]
Ans:Data Members – Trainer::Remuneration,
Learner::Attendance, Learner::Grade,
Institute::ICode, Institute::IName
Member functions – Trianer::AssignRem( ),
Trainer::TEntry( ),
Trainer::TDisplay( ),
Learner:: LEntry( ),
Learner::LDisplay( ),
Institute::IEntry ( ) (LDisplay can call IEntry( ))
Institute::LDisplay( )(IEntry can call LDisplay( ))
(iv)If class institute was derived privately from class Learner and
privately from class Trainer, then name the member
function(s)that could be accessed through Objects of class
Institute.
Ans: Institute::IEntry( ), Institute:: IDisplay( ),
OUT SIDE DELHI 2007
2.a) Differentiate between Protected and Private members of a
class in context of inheritance using C++. 2
Ans: Protected members will be inherited into the derived class
(they are accessible from the derived class). But Private
members cannot be accessed from the derived class.
(Remember that the memory will be reserved for private as well
as protected members for the derived class object)
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code:
class Teacher
{ char TNo[5],Tname[20],Dept[10];
int Workload;
protected :
float Salary;
void AssignSal(float);
public:
Teacher();
void TEntry();
void TDisplay();
};
class Student
{ char Admno[10],SName[20],Stream[10];
protected:
int Attendance,Totmarks;
public:
Student();
void SEntry();
void SDisplay();
};
class School:public Student,public Teacher
{ char SCode[10],SName[20];
public:
School( );
void SchEntry();
void SchDisplay(); };
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 79 9 490236965,[email protected]
(i)Which type of inheritance is depicted by above example?
Ans: Multiplel Inheritance.
(ii)Identify the member function(s) that cannot be called directly
from the objects of class School from the following
TEntry()
SDisplay()
SchEntry()
Ans: All the above three member function(s) can be called from
the objects of class School.
(iii)Write name of all member(s) accessible from member
functions of class School.
Ans: Data Members : Teacher::Salary
Student::Attendance
Student::Totmarks
School::SCode
School::SName
Member Funcions:Teacher::AssignSal( )
Teacher::TEntry( )
Teacher::TDisplay( )
Student::Sentry( )
Student::SDisplay( )
School::SChEntry( )
School::SChDisplay( )
(iv) If class School was derived privately from class Learner and
privately from class Trainer, then name the member
function(s)that could be accessed through Objects of class
School.
Ans: School::SChEntry( )
School::SChDisplay( )
DELHI 2006
2.a) Define Multilevel and Multiple inheritance in context of
Object Oriented Programming. Give suitable example to
illustrate the same. 2
Ans:
Multilevel Inheritance: When a subclass inherits from a class
that itself inherits from another class, it is known as multilevel
inheritance.

Eg: (for Multi Level Inheritance)

class A
{
-----
------
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 80 9 490236965,[email protected]
class B:public class A
{
-----
-----
}
class C:protected B
{
-----
-----
}
Multiple Inheritance: When a sub class inherits from multiple
base classes, it is known as multiple inheritance.

Eg: (for Multiple Inheritance)

class A
{
-----
------
}
class B
{
-----
-----
}
class C:public A,protected B
{
-----
-----
}
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code
class stationary
{ char Type;
char Manufacture[10];
public:
stationary( );
void Read_sta_details( );
void Disp_sta_details( );
};
class office:public stationary
{
int no_of_types;
float cost_of_sta;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 81 9 490236965,[email protected]
 public:
void Read_off_details( );
void Disp_off_details( );
};
class printer:private office
{
int no_of_users;
char delivery_date[10];
public:
void Read_pri_details( );
void Disp_pri_details( );
};
void main( )
{
printer MyPrinter;
}
(i) Mention the member names which are accessible by
MyPrinter declared in main() function.
Ans:
printer::Read_pri_details( );
printer::Disp_pri_details( );
(ii) What is the size of MyPrinter in bytes?
Ans: 29 Bytes
(iii)Mention the names of functions accessible from the member
function Read_pri_details() of class printer.
Ans:
stationary::Read_sta_details( )
stationary::Disp_sta_details( )
office::Read_off_details( )
office::Disp_off_details( )
printer::Disp_pri_details( )
OUT SIDE DELHI 2006
2.d)Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code:4
class furniture
{
char Type;
char Mode[10];
public:
furniture( );
void Read_fur_details();
void Disp_fur_details();
};
class sofa:public furniture
{
int no_of_seats;
float cost_sofa;
public:
void Read_sofa_details();
void Disp_sofa_details();
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 82 9 490236965,[email protected]
 class office:public sofa
{
int no_of_pieces;
char delivery_date[10];
public:
void Read_office_details();
void Didp_office_details();
};
void main()
{
office MyFurniture;
}
(i)Mention the member names which accessible by Myfurniture
declared in main() function.
Ans:
Data Members: No data member can be called from Myfurniture
object.
Member Functions:
Furniture::Read_fur_details()
Furniture::Disp_fur_details()
Sofa::Read_sofa_details()
Sofa::Disp_sofa_details()
Office::Read_office_details()
Office::Didp_office_details()
(ii)what is the size of Myfurniture in bytes?
Ans: 29 Bytes
(iii)Mention the names of functions accessible from the member
function Read_office_details() of class office.
Ans:
Furniture::Read_fur_details( )
Furniture::Disp_fur_details( )
Sofa::Read_sofa_details( )
Sofa::Disp_sofa_details( )
Office::Disp_office_details( )
DELHI 2005
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code:4
class Medicine
{
char Category[10];
char Date_of_manufacture[10];
char Company[20];
public:
Medicine();
void entermedicinedetails();
void showmedicinedetails();
};
class capsule:public Medicine
{
protected:
char capsule_name[30];
char volume_lable[20];
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 83 9 490236965,[email protected]
 public:
float Price;
capsules();
void entercapsuledetails();
void showcapsuledetails();
};
class Antibiotics:public Capsule
{
int Dosage_units;
char side_effects[20];
int Use_within_days;
public:
Antibiotics();
void enterdetails();
void showdetails();
};
(i)How many bytes will be required by an object of class
Medicines and an object of class Antibiotics respectively?
Ans: Medicine – 40 Bytes
Antibiotics Object – 118 Bytes
(ii)Write the names of all the member functions accessible from
the object of class Antibiotics.
Ans:
Medicine::entermedicinedetails()
Medicine::showmedicinedetails()
Capsules::entercapsuledetails()
Capsules::showcapsuledetails()
Antibiotics::enterdetails()
Antibiotics::showdetails()
(iii)Write the names of all the members accessible from member
functions of class capsules.
Ans:Data Members:
Capsule::capsule_name[30]
Capsule::volume_lable[20]
Capsule::Price
Member Funcitons:
Medicine::entermedicinedetails()
Medicine::showmedicinedetails()
Capsule::entercapsuledetails()
Capsule::showcapsuledetails()
(iv)Write names of all the data members which are accessible
from objects of class antibiotics.
Data members:
Capsule::Price
OUTSIDE DELHI 2005
2.d) Answer the questions (i) to(iv) based on the following code:
class Drug
{ char Category[10];
char Date_of_manufacture[10];
char Company[20];
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 84 9 490236965,[email protected]
 public:
Medicines();
void enterdrugdetails();
void showdrugdetails();
};
class tablet:public Drug
{
protected:
char tablet_name[30];
char volume_lable[20];
public:
float Price;
Tablet();
void entertabletdetails();
void showtabletdetails();
};
class PainReliever:public Tablet
{
int Dosage_units;
char side_effects[20];
int Use_within_days;
public:
PainReliever();
void enterdetails();
void showdetails();
};
(i)How many bytes will be required by an object of class Drug
and an object of class PainReliever respectively?
Ans: Drug Object - 40 Bytes
Pain Reliever – 118 Bytes
(ii)Write the names of all the member functions accessible from
the object of class PainReliever.
Ans: Drug::enterdrugdetails()
Drug::void showdrugdetails()
Tablet::entertabletdetails()
Tablet::showtabletdetails()
PainReliever::enterdetails()
PainReliever::showdetails()
(iii)Write the names of all the members accessible from member
functions of class Tablet.
Ans:Data Members:
Tablet::tablet_name[30];
Tablet::volume_lable[20];
Tablet::Price;
Member Functions:
Drug::enterdrugdetails()
Drug::showdrugdetails()
Tablet::entertabletdetails()
Tablet::showtabletdetails()

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 85 9 490236965,[email protected]

(iv)Write names of all the data members which are accessible
from objects of class PainReliever.
Ans:Data Members: Tablet::Price
DELHI 2004
2.c) Given the following definitions answer the following:
class livingbeing
{
char specification[20];
int average;
public:
void read();
void show();
};
class ape: private livingbeing
{
int no_of_organs,no_of_bones;
protected:
int iq_level;
public:
void readape();
void showape();
};
class human:public ape
{
char race[20];
char habitation[30];
public:
void readhuman();
};
(i)Name the members, which can be accessed from the member
functions of class human.
Ans: Data Members - ape::iq_level
human::race
human::habitation
Member Function – ape::readape( )
ape::showape( )
(ii)Name the members, which can be accessed by an object of
class human.
Ans: Data Members - No data members can be accessed.
Member Functions: ape::readape();
ape::showape();
human::readhuman();
(iii)What will be the size of an object of the (in bytes) of class
human?
Ans: 78 Bytes.
DELHI 2003
2.c)Consider the following and answer the questions given below
class MNC
{ char Cname[25]; //Company name
protected:
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 86 9 490236965,[email protected]
 char Hoffice[25]; //Head office
public:
MNC( );
char Country[25];
void EnterData( );
void DisplayData( );
};
class Branch:public MNC
{ long NOE; //Number of Employees
char Ctry[25]; //Country
protected:
void Association( );
public:
Branch( );
void Add( );
void Show( );
};
class Outlet:public Branch
{
char State[25];
public:
Outlet( );
void Enter( );
void Output( );
};
Ans:
i) Which class constructor can be called first at the time of
declaration of an object of class Outlet?
Ans: MNC class constructor can be called first at the time of
declaration of an object of class Outlet.
(When an object of the derived class is declared, in order to
create it, firstly the constructor of the base class is invoked an
then, the constructor of the derived class is invoked. On the
other hand, when an object of the derived class is destroyed,
first the destructor of the derived class is invoked followed by
the destructor of the base class).
ii) How many bytes does an object belonging to class Outlet
require?
Ans: 133 Bytes
iii) Name the member function(s) which are accessed from the
object(s) of class Outlet.
Ans: Outlet::Enter( )
Outlet::Output( )
MNC::EnterData( )
MNC::DisplayData( )
Branch::Add( )
Branch::Show( )
iv)Name the data member(s), which are accessible from the
object(s) of class Branch.
Ans: MNC::Country
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 87 9 490236965,[email protected]
DELHI 2002
1.a) Illustrate the concept of Inheritance with the help of an
example. 2
Ans: The capability of one class to inherit propertied from
another class, is called as inheritance.
The most important advantage of inheritance is code reusability.
There are 5 types of inheritance:
(i) Single Inheritance): When a sub class inherits only
from one base class, it is known as single inheritance.
(ii) Multiple Inheritance: When a sub class inherits from
multiple base classes, it is known as multiple
inheritance.
(iii) Hierarchical Inheritance: When many sub classes
inherit from a single base class, it is known as
hierarchical inheritance.
(iv) Multilevel Inheritance: When a subclass inherits from
a class that itself inherits from another class, it is
known as multilevel inheritance.
(v) Hybrid Inheritance: Hybrid inheritance combines two
or more forms of inheritance.
2001
1.a) Reusability of classes is one of the major properties of
OOP. How is it implemented in C++. 2
Ans: Resuability of classes can be implemented through
Inheritance. Ie After developing a class, if you want a class
which consists the features of this class( ie members ) and the
other features also, then instead of developing a class which
consists all these features, you can inherited the existing
features (members) and you can develop new class consists the
remaining features using inheritance (in Object Oriented
Programming ie in C++.)
DELHI 2000
2.c)Consider the following and answer the questions given below:
class School
{
int A;
protected:
int B,C;
public:
void INPUT(int);
void OUTPUT();
};
class Dept:protected School
{
int X,Y;
protected:
void IN(int,int)
public:
void OUT();
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 88 9 490236965,[email protected]
 class Teacher:public Dept
{
int P;

void DISPLAY(void);
public:
void ENTER();
};
(i)Name the base class and derived class of the class Dept.
Ans: Base class of Dept - School
Derived class of Dept - Teacher
(ii)Name the data member(s) that can be accessed from function
OUT().
Ans: Dept::X Dept::Y
School::B
School::C
(iii)Name the private member function(s) of class Teacher.
Ans: Teacher::Display( )
(iv)Is the member function OUT() accessible the objects of Dept?
Ans: Yes. Since it is public member function.
DELHI 1999
2.a)What do you understand by visibility modes in class
derivations? What are these modes? 2
Ans: It is given in chapter 4, classes and object as two answers.
Ie Difference between private and protected, private and public.
2.c)Consider the following declarations and answer the
questions below:
class vehicle
{ int wheels;
protected:
int passenger;
void inputdata(int,int);
void outputdata();
};
class heavy_vehicle:protected vehicle
{
int diesel_petrol;
protected:
int load:
public:
void readdata(int,int);
void writedata();
};
class bus:private heavy_vehicle
{
char make[20];
public:
void fetchdata(char);
void displaydata();
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 89 9 490236965,[email protected]
(i)Name the base class and derived class of the class
heavy_vehicle.
Ans: Base class of heavy_vehicle – vehicle
Derived class of heavy_vehincle – bus
(ii)Name the data member(s) that can be accessed from function
displaydata.
Ans: bus::make
heavy_vehicle::load
vehicle::passenger
(iii)Name the data member(s) that can be accessed by an object
of bus class.
Ans: No data member can be accessed by an object of bus class.
(iv)Is the member function outputdata accessible to the objects
of heavy_vehicle class?
Ans: No.
DELHI 1998
2.c) Consider the following declarations and answer the
questions below:
class PPP
{ int H;
protected:
int S;
public:
void INPUT(int);
void OUT();
};
class QQQ:private PPP
{ int T;
protected:
int U;
public:
void INDATA(int,int);
void OUTPUT();
};
class RRR:public QQQ
{ int M;
public:
void DISP(void);
};
(i)Name the base class and derived class of the class QQQ.
Ans:Base class of QQQ – PPP
Derived class of QQQ – RRR
(ii)Name the data member(s) that can be accessed from function
DISP().
Ans: QQQ::U , RRR::M
(iii)Name the member function(s) , which can be accessed from
the object of class RRR.
Ans: QQQ::INDATA( ) QQQ::OUTPUT( ) RRR::DISP( )
(iv) Is the member function OUT() accessible by the objects of
the class QQQ?
Ans: No.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 90 9 490236965,[email protected]
 8.POINTERS
2007 Delhi:
1.d) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{ int Array[]={4,6,10,12};
int *pointer=Array;
for(int I=1;I<=3;I++)
{ cout<<*pointer<<”#”;
pointer++;
}
cout<<endl;
for(I=1;I<=4;I++)
{ (*pointer)*=3;
--pointer;
}
for(I=1;I<5;I++)
cout<<Array[I-1]<<”@”;
cout<<endl;
}
2007 Outside Delhi:
1.d) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{ int Numbers[]={2,4,8,10};
int *ptr=Numbers;
for(int C=1;C<3;C++)
{ cout<<*ptr<<”@”;
ptr++;
}
cout<<endl;
for(C=0;C<4;C++)
{ (*ptr)*=2;
--ptr;
}
for(C=0;C<4;C++)
cout<<Numbers[C]<<”#”;
cout<<endl; }
2006 Delhi:
1.d) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class state
{ char *state_name;
int size;
public:
state( )
{
size=0;
state_name=new char[size+1]; }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 91 9 490236965,[email protected]
 state(char *s)
{ size=strlen(s);
state_name=new char[size+1];
strcpy(state_name,s);
}
void display( )
{ cout<<state_name<<endl; }
void Replace(state &a, state &b)
{ size=a.size+b.size;
delete state_name;
state_name=new char[size+1];
strcpy(state_name,a.state_name);
strcat(state_name,b.state_name);
}
};
void main( )
{ char *temp=”Delhi”;
state state1(temp),state2(“Mumbai”),state3(“Nagpur”),S1,S2;
S1.Replace(state1,state2);
S2.Replace(S1,state3);
S1.display( );
S2.display( );
}
2006 Outside Delhi:
1.d) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class student
{ char *name;
int I;
public:
student( )
{ I=0;
name=new char[I+1];
}
student(char *s)
{ I=strlen(s);
name=new char[I+1];
strcpy(name,s); }
void display( )
{ cout<<name<<endl; }
void manipulate(student &a, student &b)
{
I=a.I+b.I;
delete name;
name=new char[I+1];
strcpy(name,a.name);
strcat(name,b.name);
}
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 92 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void main( )
{ char *temp=”Jack”;
student name1(temp),name2(“Jill”),name3(“John”),S1,S2;
S1.manipulate(name1,name2);
S2.manipulate(S1,name3);
S1.display( );
S2.display( );
}
2006 Outside Delhi:
2.a) What is “this” pointer? Give an example to illustrate the
use of it in C++.
Ans: A special pointer known as this pointer stores the address
of the object that is currently invoking a member function. The
this pointer is implicitly passed to the member functions of a
class whenever they are invoked.
(As soon as you define a class, the member functions are
created and placed in the memory space only once. That is,
only one copy of member functions is maintained that is shared
by all the objects of the class. Only space for data members is
allocated separately for each object.
When a member function is called, it is automatically passed
an implicit(in built) argument that is a pointer to the object that
invoked the function. This pointer is called this. If an object is
invoking a member function, then an implicit argument is
passed to that member function that points to (that) object. The
programmer also can explicitly specify ‘this’ in the program if
he desires.)
Eg: Example program to demonstrate the usage of this pointer.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Rectangle
{ float area,len,bre;
public:
void input( )
{ cout<<"\nEnter the length and breadth: ";
cin>>this->len>>this->bre;
}
void calculate( )
{
area=len*bre;//Here Implicit 'this' pointer will be worked.
}
void output( )
{
cout<<"\nThe Area of the Rectangle: "<<this->area;
}
};
void main( )
{
Rectangle R;
clrscr( );
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 93 9 490236965,[email protected]
 R.input( );
R.calculate( );
R.output( );
getch();
}
2004:
1.d) What will be the output of the following program:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<string.h>
void ChangeString(char Text[],int &Counter)
{ char *Ptr=Text;
int Length=strlen(Text);
for(;Counter<Length-2;Counter+=2,Ptr++)
{
*(Ptr+Counter)=toupper(*(Ptr+Counter));
}
}
void main( )
{ clrscr( );
int Position=0;
char Message[]=”Pointers Fun”;
ChangeString(Message,Position);
cout<<Message<<”@”<<Position;
}
2001:
1.c) Identify the syntax error(s), if any, in the following program.
Also give reason for errors. 2
void main( )
{
const int i=20;
const int* const ptr=&i;
(*ptr)++;
int j=15;
ptr=&j;
}
Ans:
Error Line 5 : Cannot modify a const object.
Error Line 7 : Cannot modify a const object.
Warning Line 8 : ‘j’ is assigned a value that is never used.
Warning Line 8 : ‘ptr’ is assigned a value that is never used.
Explonation:
(1) Error 1 is in Line no.5 ie (*ptr)++
Here ptr is a constant pointer ie the contents cann’t be
modified.
(2) Error 2 is in Line no.7 ie ptr=&j;
Here ptr is a constant pointer the address in this pointer
can’t be modified. (It is already pointing the address of i.)
1.d) Give the output of the following program segment.
(Assuming all required header files are included in the program) 2
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 94 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void main( )
{ int a=32,*x=&a;
char ch=65,&cho=ch;
cho+=a;
*x+=ch;
cout<<a<<’,’<<ch<<endl; }
2.a) Distinguish between
int *ptr=new int(5); int *ptr=new int[5]; 2
Ans: The int *ptr=new int(5); declares and creates the space for
the new data directly.
Ie The new operator reserves 2 bytes of memory from heap
memory (free pool) and returns the address of that memory
location to a pointer variable called ptr, 5 is the initial value to
be stored in the newly allocated memory.
The int *ptr = new int[5]; initializes an array element. A memory
space for an integer type of array having 5 elements will be
created from the heap memory (free pool).
2.c) Give the output of the following program: 4
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
class per
{ char name[20];
float salary;
public:
per(char *s, float a)
{ strcpy(name,s);
salary=a;
}
per *GR(per &x)
{ if(x.salary>=salary)
return &x;
else
return this;
}
void display( )
{ cout<<”Name:“<<name<<”\n”;
cout<<”Salary:“<<salary<<”\n”;
}
};
void main( )
{ Per P1(“REEMA”,10000),
P2(“KRISHNAN”,20000),
P3(“GEORGE”,5000);
per *P;
P=P1.GR(P3);P->display( );
P=P2.GR(P3);P->display( ); } 1999:
1.d) Give the output of the following program.
#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{
char *p=”Difficult”;
char c; c=*p++; printf(“%c”,c); }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 95 9 490236965,[email protected]
 11.DATA BASE CONCEPTS
Delhi 2008
5.a) Differentiate between Candidate key and Primary key in
context of RDBMS.
Ans:
Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a relation
that can serve primary key are Candidate Keys as they are
candidates for the primary key position.
Primary Key: A primary key is a set of one or more attributes
that can uniquely identify tuples within the relations.

Outside Delhi 2008:

5.a) Differentiate between Candidate Key and alternate Key in
context of RDBMS.
Ans:
Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a relation
that can serve as primary key are Candidate Keys as they are
candidates for the primary key position.
Alternate Key: A candidate key that is not the primary key is
called an Alternate Key.
(Where Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a
relation that can serve primary key(uniquely identifies a row in
a relation) are Candidate Keys as they are candidates for the
primary key position.)

Delhi (2007)
5.a) Differentiate between primary key and alternate key.
Ans:
Primary Key: A primary key is a set of one or more attributes
that can uniquely identify tuples within the relations.
Alternate Key: A candidate key that is not the primary key is
called an Alternate Key.
(Where Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a
relation that can serve primary key(uniquely identifies a row in
a relation) are Candidate Keys as they are candidates for the
primary key position.)

Outside Delhi (2007)

5.a) What is the importance of a primary key in a table? Explain
with suitable example.
Ans:
Primary Key: A primary key is a set of one or more attributes
that can uniquely identify tuples within the relations.
A primary key comprises a single column or set of
columns. No two distinct rows in a table can have the same
value (or combination of values) in those columns. Depending
on its designing, a table may have arbitrarily many candidate
keys but at most one primary key. The primary key is non
redundant. Ie it does not have duplicate values in the same
relation.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 96 9 490236965,[email protected]
Eg: Consider a table consists the following attributes:
AdmnNo,FirstName,LastName,SirName,M1,M2,M3,Total,Avg,
FName
Here we can uniquely identify the rows in the relation with
following key combinations:
(i) AdmnNo
(ii) FirstName,LastName,SirName
(iii) FirstName,LastName,FName , etc.
We can set any one of the above candidate keys as primary key,
others are called as alternate keys.

Delhi (2006)
5.a) What is an alternate key?
Ans:
Alternate Key: A candidate key that is not the primary key is
called an Alternate Key.
(Where Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a
relation that can serve primary key(uniquely identifies a row in
a relation) are Candidate Keys as they are candidates for the
primary key position.)

Outside Delhi 2006:

5.a) What are DDL and DML?
Ans: DDL means Data Definition Language. DDL provides
statements for the creation and deletion of tables and indexes.
DML Means Data Manipulation Language. The DML
provides statements to enter, update,delete data and perform
complex queries on these tables.
The SQL DDL(Data Definition Language) provides
commands for defining relation schemas, deleting relations,
creating indexes and modifying relation schemas.
The SQL DML (Data Manipulation Language) includes a query
language to insert, delete and modify tuples in the database.
DML is used to put values and manipulate them in tables and
other database objects and DDL is used to create tables and
other database objects.

Delhi (2005)
5.a)What do you understand by the terms primary key and
degree of a relation in relational data base?

Ans:
Primary Key: A primary key is a set of one or more attributes
that can uniquely identify tuples within the relations.
The number of attributes in a relation is called Degree of a
relation in relational data base.

Outside Delhi (2005):

5.a) What do you understand by the candidate key and
cardinality of a relation in relational data base?
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 97 9 490236965,[email protected]
Candidate Key: All attribute combinations inside a relation
that can serve as primary key(uniquely identifies a row in a
relation) are Candidate Keys as they are candidates for the
primary key position.The number of rows in a relation is known
as cardinality of a relation.

2003:
5.a)What is primary key in a table?
(Define first normal form.- This is out of syllabus)
Ans:
Primary Key: A primary key is a set of one or more attributes
that can uniquely identify tuples within the relations.

2002:
5.a) Differentiate between data definition language and data
manipulation language.
Ans: The SQL DDL(Data Definition Language) provides
commands for defining relation schemas, deleting relations,
creating indexes and modifying relation schemas.
The SQL DML (Data Manipulation Language) includes a query
language to insert, delete and modify tuples in the database.
DML is used to put values and manipulate them in tables and
other database objects and DDL is used to create tables and
other database objects.

2001:
5.c) Explain Cartesian product of two relations.
Ans: The Cartesian product is a binary operation and is
denoted by a cross(x). The Cartesian product of two relations A
and B is written as AXB. The Cartesian product yields a new
relation which has a degree (number of attributes) equal to the
sum of the degrees of the two relations operated upon. The
number of typles (cardinality) of the new relation is the product
of the number of tuples of the two relations operated upon. The
Cartesian product of two relations yields a relation with all
possible combinations of the tuples of the two relations operated
upon.
All tuples of first relation are concatenated with all the
tuples of second realtion to form the tuples of the new relation.

Eg: There are two relations as follows:

Relation 1: Student

StudentNumber StudentName Hosteler

1 Ravi Y
2 Robert N
3 Raheem Y

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 98 9 490236965,[email protected]

Relation 2: Instructor

InstructorName Subject
K.Suman Computer Science
P.Pavan Electronics

The Cartesian product of these two relations,

Student X Instructor, will yield a relation that have a degree of
5(3+2:sum of degrees of Student and Instructor) and a
cardinality 6 (3 X 2: Product of cardinalities of two relations).

The resulting relation is as follows:

Student Student Hosteler Instructor Subject

Number Name Name
1 Ravi Y K.Suman Computer
Science
1 Ravi Y P.Pavan Electronics
2 Robert N K.Suman Computer
Science
2 Robert N P.Pavan Electronics
3 Raheem Y K.Suman Computer
Science
3 Raheem Y P.Pavan Electronics

The resulting relation contains all possible combinations of

tuples of the two relations.

1998:

5.a)What is a relation? What is the difference between a tuple

and an attribute?

Ans: In relational data model, the data is organized into table

(rows and columns). These tables are called relations. A row in
a table represents a relationship among a set of values.
Rows of the relations are called as tuples and columns of
the relations are called as attributes.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 99 9 490236965,[email protected]

 12.STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
Delhi 2008:
5.b) Consider the following tables Product and Client. Write
SQL commands for the statement (i) to (iv) and give outputs for
SQL queries (v) to (viii)
Table: PRODUCT
P_ID Product Manufacturer Price
Name
TP01 Talcom LAK 40
Powder
FW05 Face ABC 45
Wash
BS01 Bath ABC 55
Soap
SH06 Shampoo XYZ 120
FW12 Face XYZ 95
Wash
Table: CLIENT
C_ID Client City P_ID
Name
01 Cosmetic Delhi FW05
Shop
06 Total Mumbai BS01
Health
12 Live Life Delhi SH06
15 Pretty Delhi FW12
Woman
16 Dreams Banglore TP01
(i) To display the details of those Clients whose city is Delhi.
Ans: Select all from Client where City=”Delhi”
(ii)To display the details of Products whose Price is in the
range of 50 to 100 (Both values included).
Ans: Select all from product where Price between 50 and 100
(iii) To display the ClientName, City from table Client, and
ProductName and Price from table Product, with their
corresponding matching P_ID.
Ans: Select ClientName,City,ProductName,Price from
Product,Client where Product.P_ID=Client.P_ID.
(iv) To increase the Price of all Products by 10
Ans: Update Product Set Price=Price +10
(v)SELECT DISTINCT Address FROM Client.
Ans: ( The above question may consist DISTINCT City. If it is
DISTINCT City, the following is the answer)
City
-----
Delhi
Mumbai
Bangalore
(vi)SELECT Manufacturer, MAX(Price), Min(Price), Count(*) FROM
Product GROUP BY Manufacturer;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 100 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Ans: Manufacturer Max(Price) Min(Price) Count(*)
LAK 40 40 1
ABC 55 45 2
XYZ 120 95 2
(vii)SELECT ClientName, ManufacturerName FROM Product,
Client WHERE Client.Prod_Id=Product.P_Id;
Ans: ClientName ManufacturerName
Cosmetic Shop ABC
Total Health ABC
Live Life XYZ
Pretty Woman XYZ
Dreams LAK
(viii)SELECT ProductName, Price * 4 FROM Product.
ProductName Price*4
Talcom Poweder 160
Face Wash 180
Bath Soap 220
Shampoo 480
Face Wash 380
Outside Delhi 2008:
5.b) Consider the following tables Item and Customer. Write
SQL commands for the statement (i) to (iv) and give outputs for
SQL queries (v) to (viii)
Table: ITEM
I_ID Item Manufacturer Price
Name
PC01 Personal ABC 35000
Computer
LC05 Laptop ABC 55000
PC03 Personal XYZ 32000
Computer
PC06 Personal COMP 37000
Computer
LC03 Laptop PQR 57000
Table: CUSTOMER
C_ID Customer City I_ID
Name
01 N.Roy Delhi LC03
06 H.Singh Mumbai PC03
12 R.Pandey Delhi PC06
15 C.Sharma Delhi LC03
16 K.Agarwal Banglore PC01
(i) To display the details of those Customers whose city is
Delhi.Ans: Select all from Customer Where City=”Delhi”
(ii)To display the details of Item whose Price is in the range of
35000 to 55000 (Both values included).
Ans: Select all from Item Where Price>=35000 and Price
<=55000

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 101 9 490236965,[email protected]

(iii)To display the CustomerName, City from table Customer, and
ItemName and Price from table Item, with their corresponding
matching I_ID.
Ans: Select CustomerName,City,ItemName,Price from
Item,Customer where Item.I_ID=Customer.I_ID.
(iv) To increase the Price of all Items by 1000 in the table Item.
Ans: Update Item set Price=Price+1000
(v)SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Customer.
Ans: City
Delhi
Mumbai
Bangalore
(vi)SELECT ItemName, MAX(Price), Count(*) FROM Item GROUP
BY ItemName;
Ans: ItemName Max(Price) Count(*)
Personal Computer 37000 3
Laptop 57000 2
(vii)SELECT CustomerName, Manufacturer FROM Item,
Customer WHERE Item.Item_Id=Customer.Item_Id;
Ans: CustomerName ManufacturerName
N.Roy PQR
H.Singh XYZ
R.Pandey COMP
C.Sharma PQR
K.Agarwal ABC
(viii)SELECT ItemName, Price * 100 FROM Item WHERE
Manufacturer = ‘ABC’;
Ans: ItemName Price*100
Personal Computer 3500000
Laptop 5500000
Outside Delhi 2007:
5.b) Consider the following tables Consignor and Consignee.
Write SQL command for the statements(i)to(iv) And give outputs
for the SQL quries (v) to ( viii). 6
TABLE : CONSIGNOR
CnorID CnorName CnorAddress City
ND01 R singhal 24,ABC Enclave New Delhi
ND02 Amit Kumar 123,Palm Avenue New Delhi
MU15 R Kohil 5/A,South,Street Mumbai
MU50 S Kaur 27-K,Westend Mumbai
TABLE : CONSIGNEE
CneeID CnorID CneeNa CneeAddress CneeCity
me
MU05 ND01 Rahul 5,Park Avenue Mumbai
Kishore
ND08 ND02 P 16/j,Moore New Delhi
Dhingra Enclave
KO19 MU15 A P Roy 2A,Central/avenue Kolkata
MU32 ND02 S mittal P 245, AB Colony Mumbai
ND48 MU50 B P jain 13,Block d,a,viha New Delhi
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 102 9 490236965,[email protected]
(i)To display the names of all consignors from Mumbai.
Ans: Select CnorName from Consignor where city=”Mumbai”;
(ii)To display the cneeID, cnorName, cnorAddress, CneeName,
CneeAddress for every Consignee.
Ans: Select CneeId, CnorName, CnorAddress, CneeName,
CneeAddress from Consignor,Consignee where
Consignor.CnorId=Consignee.CnorId;
(iii)To display the consignee details in ascending order of
CneeName.
Ans: Select * from Consignee Orderby CneeName Asc;
(iv)To display number of consignors from each city.
Ans: Select city, count(*) from Consignors group by city;
(v) SELECT DISTINCT City FROM CONSIGNEE;
Ans:
CneeCity
Mumbai
New Delhi
Kolkata
(vi) SELECT A.CnorName A, B.CneeName B
FROM Consignor A, Consignee B
WHERE A.CnorID=B.CnorID AND B.CneeCity=’Mumbai’;
Ans:

CnorName CneeName
R singhal Rahul Kishore
Amit Kumar S mittal

(vii)SELECT CneeName,CneeAddress
FROM Consignee
WHERE CneeCity Not IN (‘Mumbai’, ‘Kolkata’);
Ans:
CneeName CneeAddress

P Dhingra
16/j,Moore
Enclave
B P jain 13,Block
d,a,viha
(viii) SELECT CneeID, CneeName FROM Consignee
WHERE CnorID = ‘MU15’ OR CnorID = ‘ND01’;
Ans: CneeID CneeName
MU05 Rahul Kishore
KO19 A P Roy
Delhi (2007)
5.b)Consider the following tables. Write SQL command for the
statements (i)to(iv)and give outputs for the SQL quries (v) to
( viii). 6
TABLE : SENDER
SenderID SenderName SenderAddress senderCity
ND01 R jain 2,ABC Appts New Delhi
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 103 9 490236965,[email protected]
 MU02 H sinha 12, Newton Mumbai
MU15 S haj 27/ A,Park Street New Delhi
ND50 T Prasad 122-K,SDA Mumbai
TABLE :RECIPIENT
RecID SenderID ReCName RecAddress ReCCity
KO05 ND01 R Bajpayee 5,Central Kolkata
Avenue
ND08 MU02 S Mahajan 116, A Vihar New Delhi
MU19 ND01 H sing 2A,Andheri East Mumbai
MU32 MU15 P K swamy B5, CS Mumbai
Terminus
ND48 ND50 S Tripathi 13, B1 D,Mayur New Delhi
Vihar
(i)To display the names of all senders from Mumbai.
Ans: Select * from Sender where SenderCity =’Mumbai’;
(ii)To display the recID, senderName, senderAddress, RecName,
RecAddress for every recipt.
Ans: Select recID, SenderName, SenderAddress, RecName,
RecAddress from Sender, Recipient where
Sender.Senderid=Recipient.RenderId;
(iii)To display the sender details in ascending order of
SenderName.
Ans: Select * from Sender order by SenderName;
(iv)To display number of Recipients from each city.
Ans: Select RecCity,Count(*) from Recipient group by RecCity;
(v) SELECT DISTINCT SenderCity FROM Sender;
Ans:
senderCity
New Delhi
Mumbai
(vi) SELECT A.SenderName A, B.RecName
FROM Sender A, Recipient B WHERE
A.SenderID=B. SenderID AND B.RecCity=’Mumbai’;
Ans: SenderName RecName
R.Jain H.Singh
S.Jha P.K.Swamy
(vii)SELECT RecName,RecAddress FROM Recipient
WHERE RecCity Not IN (‘Mumbai’, Kolkata’);
Ans: RecName RecAddress
S Mahajan 116, A Vihar
S Tripati 13, B1 D, Mayur Vihar
(viii) SELECT RecID, RecName
FROM Recipient
WHERE SenderID = ‘MU02’ OR SenderID = ‘ND50’;
Ans: RecID RecName
ND08 S Mahajan
ND48 S Tripathi

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 104 9 490236965,[email protected]

OUTSIDE DELHI(2006)
5.b) Study the following tables FLIGHTS and FARES and write
SQL commands for the questions (i) to (iv) and give outputs for
SQL quires (v) to(vi).
TABLE: FLIGHTS
FL_NO STARTING ENDING NO_ NO_
FLIGHTS STOPS
IC301 MUMBAI DELHI 8 0
IC799 BANGALORE DELHI 2 1
MC101 INDORE MUMBAI 3 0
IC302 DELHI MUMBAI 8 0
AM812 KANPUR BANGLORE 3 1
IC899 MUMBAI KOCHI 1 4
AM501 DELHI TRIVENDRUM 1 5
MU499 MUMBAI MADRAS 3 3
IC701 DELHI AHMEDABAD 4 0
TABLE:FLIGHTS
FL_NO AIRLINES FARE TAX%
IC701 INDIAN AIRLINES 6500 10
MU499 SAHARA 9400 5
AM501 JET AIRWAYS 13450 8
IC899 INDIAN AIRLINES 8300 4
IC302 INDIAN AIRLINES 4300 10
IC799 INDIAN AIRLINES 1050 10
MC101 DECCAN AIRLINES 3500 4
(i) Display FL_NO and NO_FLIGHTS from “KANPUR” TO
“BANGALORE” from the table FLIGHTS.
Ans: Select FL_NO, NO_FLIGHTS from FLIGHTS where
Starting=”KANPUR” AND ENDING=”BANGALORE”
(ii) Arrange the contents of the table FLIGHTS in the ascending
order of FL_NO.
Ans: (Children, Try this as an assignment)

(iii) Display the FL_NO and fare to be paid for the flights from
DELHI to MUMBAI using the tables FLIGHTS and FARES, where
the fare to be paid = FARE+FARE+TAX%/100.
Ans: Select FL_NO, FARE+FARE+(TAX%/100) from FLIGHTS,
FARES where Starting=”DELHI” AND Ending=”MUMBAI”
(iv) Display the minimum fare “Indian Airlines” is offering from
the tables FARES.
Ans: Select min(FARE) from FARES Where AIRLINES=”Indian
Airlines”
v)Select FL_NO,NO_FLIGHTS,AIRLINES from FLIGHTS, FARES
Where STARTING = “DELHI” AND FLIGHTS.FL_NO = FARES.FL_NO
Ans: FL_NO NO_FLIGHTS AIRLINES
IC799 2 Indian Airlines
(vi) SELECT count (distinct ENDING) from FLIGHTS.
Ans: (Children, Try this answer as an assignment)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 105 9 490236965,[email protected]
DELHI 2006:
5.b) Study the following tables DOCTOR and SALARY and write
SQL commands for the questions (i) to (iv) and give outputs for
SQL queries (v) to (vi) :
TABLE: DOCTOR
ID NAME DEPT SEX EXPERIENCE
101 Johan ENT M 12
104 Smith ORTHOPEDIC M 5
107 George CARDIOLOGY M 10
114 Lara SKIN F 3
109 K George MEDICINE F 9
105 Johnson ORTHOPEDIC M 10
117 Lucy ENT F 3
111 Bill MEDICINE F 12
130 Murphy ORTHOPEDIC M 15
TABLE: SALARY
ID BASIC ALLOWANCE CONSULTAION
101 12000 1000 300
104 23000 2300 500
107 32000 4000 500
114 12000 5200 100
109 42000 1700 200
105 18900 1690 300
130 21700 2600 300
(i) Display NAME of all doctors who are in “MEDICINE” having
more than 10 years experience from the Table DOCTOR.
Ans: Select Name from Doctor where Dept=”Medicine” and
Experience>10
(ii) Display the average salary of all doctors working in
“ENT”department using the tables DOCTORS and SALARY
Salary =BASIC+ALLOWANCE.
Ans: Select avg(basic+allowance) from Doctor,Salary where
Dept=”Ent” and Doctor.Id=Salary.Id
(iii) Display the minimum ALLOWANCE of female doctors.
Ans: Select min(Allowance) from Doctro,Salary where Sex=”F”
and Doctor.Id=Salary.Id
(iv) Display the highest consultation fee among all male doctors.
Ans: Select max(Consulation) from Doctor,Salary where
Sex=”M” and Doctor.Id=Salary.Id
(v) SELECT count (*) from DOCTOR where SEX = “F”
Ans: 4
(vi) SELECT NAME, DEPT , BASIC from DOCTOR, SALRY
Where DEPT = “ENT” AND DOCTOR.ID = SALARY.ID
Ans: Name Dept Basic
Jonah Ent 12000
DELHI 2005:
(5) Consider the following tables EMPLOYEES and EMPSALARY.
write SQL commands for the
Statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL quires (v) to (viii).

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 106 9 490236965,[email protected]

 EMPLOYEES
EMPID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME ADDRESS CITY
010 GEORGE Smith 83 First Howard
Street
105 MARY Jones 842VineAve Losantiville
152 SAM Tones 33 Elm st Paris
215 SARAH Ackerman 440 Upton
U.S.110
244 MANILA Sengupta 24 Friends New Delhi
Street
300 ROBERT Samuel 9 Fifth Washington
Cross
335 HENRY Williams 12 Moore Boston
Street
400 RACHEL Lee 121 New York
Harrison
441 PETER Thompson 11 Red Paris
road
EMPSALRAY
EMPID SALARY BENEFITS DESIGNATION
010 75000 15000 Manager
105 65000 15000 Manager
152 80000 25000 Director
215 75000 12500 Manager
244 50000 12000 Clerk
300 45000 10000 Clerk
335 40000 10000 Clerk
400 32000 7500 Salesman
441 28000 7500 Salesman
(i) To display Firstname, Lastname, Address and City of all
employees living in Paris from the table EMPLOYEES.
Ans: Select Firstname,Lastname,Address,City from Employees
where City=”Paris”
(ii) To display the content of EMPLOYEES table in descending
order of FIRSTNAME.
Ans: Select * from Employees Order By Firstname Desc
(iii) To display the Firstname, Lastname, and Total Salary of
all managers from the tables, where
Total Salary is calculated as Salary+Benifts.
Ans: Select Firstname,Lastname,Salary+Benefits from
Employees, Empsalary where Designation=”Manager” and
Employees.EmpId=EmpSalary.EmpId
(iv) To display the Maximum salary among Managers and
Clerks from the table EMPSALARY.
Ans: Select Designation,max(Salary) from EmpSalary where
Designation=”Manager” or Designation=”Clerk”
(v) SELECT FIRSTNAME,SALARY
FROM EMPLOYEES,EMPSALARY
WHERE DESTINATION =’Salesman’AND
EMPOLYEES.EMPID=EMPSALARY.EMPID;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 107 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Ans: Firstname Salary
Rachel 32000
Peter 28000
(vi) SELECT COUNT (DISTINT DESIGNATION ) FROM
EMPSALARY Ans: 4
(vii) SELECT DESIGNATION , SUM(SALARY)
FROM EMPSALARY
GROUP BY DESIGNATION HAVING COUNT(*)>2;
Ans: Designation Sum(Salary)
Manager 215000
Clerk 135000
(viii)SELECT SUM (BENEFITS)
FROM EMPSALARY
WHERE DESIGNATION=’Clerk’;
Ans: 32000
OUTSIDE DELHI 2005
5) Consider the following tables WORKERS and DESIG. Write
SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for
SQL queries (v) to (viii).
WORKERS
W_ID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME ADDRESS CITY
102 Sam Tones 33 Elm St. Paris
105 Sarah Ackerman 44 U.S.110 New York
144 Manila Sengupta 24 Friends New Delhi
Street
210 George Smith 83 First Howard
Street
255 Mary Jones 842 Vine Losantiville
Ave.
300 Robert Samuel 9 Fifth Washington
Cross
335 Henry Williams 12 Moore Boston
Street
403 Ronny Lee 121 New York
Harrison St.
451 Pat Thompson 11 Red Paris
Road
DESIG
W_ID SALARY BENEFITS DESIGINATION
102 75000 15000 Manager
105 85000 25000 Director
144 70000 15000 Manager
210 75000 12500 Manager
255 50000 12000 Clerk
300 45000 10000 Clerk
335 40000 10000 Clerk
400 32000 7500 Salesman
451 28000 7500 Salesman
(i) To display W_ID Firstname, address and City of all employees
living in New York from the Table WORKERs
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 108 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Ans: select W_ID ,firstname,address,city from workers where
city=”New York”
(ii) To display the content of workers table in ascending order of
LASTNAME.
Ans:Select * from Worker Order By lastname Asc
(iii) To display the FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME and Total Salary of
all Clerks from the tables WORKERS And DESIG, where Total
salary is calculated as Salary + benifts.
Ans: Select firstname, lastname, salary+benefits where
worker.w_id=desg.w_id and Designation=”Clerk”
(iv) To display the minimum salary among managers and Clerks
from the tables DESIG.
Ans: (Try This Answer)
(v) SELECT FIRSTNAME, SALARY
FROM WORKERS, DESIG
WHERE DESIGINATION = “MANAGER” AND
WORKERS.W_ID = DESIGN.W_ID
Ans: FIRSTNAME SALARY
Sam 75000
Manila 70000
George 75000
(vi)SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT DESIGNATION) FROM DESIGN ;
Ans: 4
(vii) SELECT DESIGNATION, SUM(SALARY)
FROM DESIG
GROUP BY DESIGNATION HAVING COUNT (*) < 3;
Ans: Designation Sum(Salary)
Director 85000
Salesman 60000
(viii) SELECT SUM(BENIFTS) FROM DESIG
WHERE DESIGINATION =”salesman”;
Ans: 15000
2004 Question Paper
5. Give the following table for database a LIBRARY.
TABLE : BOOKS
BOOK_ BOOK_NAME AUTHORNAME PUBLISHER PRICE TYPE QUANTITY
ID
F0001 The Tears William First Publ. 750 Fiction 10
Hopkins
F0002 Thunderbolts Anna Roberts First Publ. 700 Fiction 5

T0001 My first C++ Brains & EPB 250 Text 10

Brooke
T0002 C++ Brain A.W.Rossaine TDH 325 Text 5
works
C001 Fast Cook Lata Kapoore EPB 350 Cookery 8
TABLE:ISSUED
BOOK_ID QUANTITY_ISSUED
F0001 3
T0001 1
C0001 5
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 109 9 490236965,[email protected]
Write SQL queries from b to g.
(b)To show Book name, Author name and Price of books of EPB
publisher.
Ans: select Book_name,Author_name, price from books where
Publisher =”EPB”
(c) To list the names of the books of FICTIONS type.
Ans: Select Book_name from books where type=”FICTION”
(d) To display the names and prices of the books in descending
order of their price.
Ans: Select Book_name, price from books order by price desc;
(e) To increase the price of all books of First Pub.by 50.
Ans: update books set price= price+50 where publishers =
“First Publ”
(f) To Display the Book_ID, Book_Name and Quantity Issued for
all books Which have been issued.
Ans:Select Book_ID, Book_Name, Quantity_Issued
from Books,Issued where Books.BookId=Issued.BookId;
(g) To insert a new row in the table Issued having the following
data: “F0002”,4
Ans: insert into Issued values(“F0002”,4)
(h) Give the output of the following queries on the above tables:
(i) Select Count(Distinct Publishers) From Books
Ans: 3
(ii) Select Sum(Price) From Books Where Quantity>5
Ans: 1350
(iii) Select Book_Name,Author_Name From Books Where Price<500
Ans: Book_Name Author_Name
My First C++ Brian & Brooks
C++ Brainworks A.W.Rossaine
Fast Cook Lata Kapoor
(iv) Select Count(*) From Books
Ans: 5
2003:
5.b Write SQL commands for (b) to (g) and write the outputs for
(h) on the basis of tables TNTERIORS and NEWONES.
TABLE: INTERIORS
NO ITEMNAME TYPE DATEOF PRICE DISCOUNT
STOCK
1 Red rose Double 23/02/02 32000 15
Bed
2 Soft touch Baby cot 20/01/02 9000 10
3 Jerry’s Baby cot 19/02/02 8500 10
home
4 Rough wood Office 01/01/02 20000 20
Table
5 Comfort Double 12/01/02 15000 20
zone Bed
6 Jerry look Baby cot 24/02/02 7000 19
7 Lion king Office 20/02/02 16000 20
Table
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 110 9 490236965,[email protected]
8 Royal tiger Sofa 22/02/02 30000 25
9 Park sitting Sofa 13/12/01 9000 15
10 Dine Dinning 19/02/02 11000 15
paradise Table
TABLE:NEWONES
NO ITEMNAME TYPE DATEOFSTOCK PRICE DISCOUNT
11 White wood Double 23/03/03 20000 20
bed
12 James 007 Sofa 20/02/03 15000 15
13 Tom look Baby 21/02/03 7000 10
cot
(b) To show all information about the sofas from the INTERIORS
table.
Ans: Select * from INTERIORS where type= “sofa”
(d) To list ITEMNAME and TYPE of those items, in which
DATEOFSTOCK is before 22/01/02 from the INTERIORS table
in descending order of ITEMNAME.
Ans: Select Itemname,Type From Interiors Where
Dateofstock<{22/01/02} order by Itemname
(e) To display ITEMNAME and DATEOFSTOCK of those items in
which the Discount percentage is more than 15 from
INTERIORS.
Ans: Select Itemname,Dateofstock from Interiors Where
Discount>15
(f) To count the number of items whose type is “Double bed”;
Ans: Select Count(*) from Interiors Where Type=”Double Bed”
(g) To insert new row in the NEWONES table with the following
data:
14, “True Indian “, “Office Table “, {28/03/03},15000,20
Ans: Insert into Newones values(14,”True Indian”,”Office
Table”,”{28/03/03},15000,20)
(h) Give the outputs for the following SQL statements.
(i) Select COUNT (distinct TYPE) from INTERIORS;
Ans: 5
(ii) Select AVG(DISCOUNT)from INTERIORS where TYPE
=”Baby cot”;
Ans: 13
(iii) Select SUM(price)from INTERIORS where
DATEOFSTOCK<{12/02/02};
Ans: 53000
2002:
5. Given the following Teacher Relation.
Write SQL Commands fro (b) to (g)
No Name Department DateofJoini Salary Sex
ng
1 Raja Computer 21/5/98 8000 M
2 Sangita History 21/5/97 9000 F
3 Ritu Sociology 29/8/98 8000 F

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 111 9 490236965,[email protected]

 4 Kumar Linguistics 13/6/96 10000 M
5 Venkatraman History 31/10/99 8000 M
6 Sindhu Computer 21/5/86 14000 M
7 Aishwarya Sociology 11/1/1998 12000 F
(b) To select all the information of teacher in computer
department
Ans: Select * from Teacher where Department=”Computer”
(c ) To list the name of female teachers in History Department.
Ans: Select Name from Teacher Where Sex=”F” And
Department=”History”
(d) To list all names of teachers with date of admission in
ascending order.
Ans: Select Name from Teacher Order By Dateofjoining Asc
(e) To display Teacher's Name, Department, and Salary
of female teachers
Ans: Select Name,Department,Salary from Teacher Where
Sex=”F”
(f)To count the number of items whose salary is less than 10000
Ans: Select Count(*) from Teacher Where Salary<10000
(g) To insert a new record in the Teacher table with the following
data: 8,”Mersha”,”Computer”,(1/1/2000),12000,”M”.
Ans: Insert into Teacher values
(8,”Mersha”,”Computer”,{1/1/2000),12000,”M”);
2001:
5.b) Write the SQL commands for (i) to (vii) on the basis of the
table SPORTS
TABLE: SPORTS
S Class Name Game1 Grade1 Game2 Grade2
tud
no
10 7 Smeer Criket B Swimming A
11 8 Sujit Tennis A Skating C
12 7 Kamala Swimming B Football B
13 7 Veena Tennis C Tennis A
14 9 Archana Basket A Cricket A
ball
15 10 Arpit Cricket A Athletics C
(i) Display the names of the students who have grade ‘C’ in
either Game1 or Game2 or both.
Ans: Select Name From Sports Where Grade1=”C” OR
Grade2=”C”
(ii) Display the number of students getting grade ‘A’ in Cricket.
Ans: Select Count(*) from Sports Where (Game1=”Cricket” and
Grade1=”A”) or (Game2=”Cricket” and Grade2=”A”)
(iii) Display the names of the students who have same game for
both game1 and game2
Ans: Select Name From Sports Where Game1=Game2
(iv) Display the games taken up by the students, whose name
starts with ‘A’.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 112 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Ans: Select Game1,Game2 From Sports Where Name Like “A%”
(v) Add a new column named ‘marks’.
Ans: Alter Table Sports Add Marks Number(5);
(vi) Assign a value 200 for marks for all those who are getting
grade ‘B’ or ‘A’ in both Game1 and Game2.
Ans: (Children, Try This Answer as an assignment)
(vii) Arrange the whole table in the alphabetical order of name.
Ans: Select * from Sports Order By Name
2000 :
5. Write SQL commands for the (b) to (e) and write the outputs
for (g) on thse basis of table CLUB.
TABLE: CLUB

COAC COACH AGE SPORTS DATEOF PAY SEX

H NAME APP
-ID
1 KUKREJA 35 KARATE 27/03/96 1000 M
2 RAVINA 34 KARATE 20/01/98 1200 F
3 KARAN 34 SQUASH 19/01/98 2000 M
4 TARUN 33 BASKET BAL 01/01/98 1500 M
5 ZUBIN 36 SWIMMING 12/01/98 750 M
6 KETAKI 36 SWIMMING 24/02/98 800 F
7 ANKITA 39 SQUASH 20/02/98 2200 F
8 ZAREEN 37 KARATE 22/02/98 1100 F
9 KUSH 41 SWIMMING 13/01/98 900 M
10 SHAILYA 37 BASKETBAL 19/02/98 1700 M
L

(b) To show all information about the swimming coaches in the

club.
Ans: Select * from Club
(c) To list names of all coaches with their date of appointment
(DATOFAPP) in descending order.
Ans: Select Coachname from Club order by Dataofapp desc
(d) To display a report, showing coachname, pay, age and
bonus(15% of pay) for all coaches.
Ans: Select Coachname,Pay,Age,Pay*0.15 from Club
(e) To insert a new row in the CLUB table with following data:
11,”PRAKASH”,37,”SQUASH”,{25/02/98},2500,”M”
Ans: Insert into Club Values
(11,”PRAKASH”,37,”SQUASH”,{25/02/98},2500,”M”)
(f) Give the output of the following SQL statements:
(i) select COUNT (distinct SPORTS)from CLUB;
Ans: 4
(ii) select MIN(AGE) from CLUB where SEX =”F”;
Ans: 34
(iii) select AVG(PAY) fromCLUB where SPORTS = “KARATE”;
Ans: 1100
(iv) select SUM(PAY) from CLUB where
DATAOFAPP>{31/01/98}; Ans: 7800
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 113 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (G) Assuming that there is one more table COACHES in the
database as shown below:
TABLE:COACHES
SPORTS PERSON SEX COACH_NO
AJAY M 1
SEEMA F 2
VINOD M 1
TANEJA F 3
What will be the output of the following query:
SELECT SPORTS PERSON, COACHNAME
FROM CLUB,COACHES
WHERE COACH_ID=COACH_NO
Ans:
SPORTS PERSON COACHNAME
AJAY KUKREJA
SEEMA RAVINA
VINOD KUKREJA
TANEJA KARAN
1999:
5.) Given the following Teacher relation: Write SQL commands
for questions (b) to (g).
TEACHER
NO NAME DEPARTMEN DATEOF SALAR SEX
T JOING Y
1 RAJA COMPUTER 21/5/98 8000 M
2 SANGITA History 21/5/97 9000 F
3 RITU MATHS 29/8/98 8000 F
4 KUMAR HISTORY 13/6/96 10000 M
5 VENKAT MATHS 31/10/99 8000 M
6 SINDU HISTORY 21/5/86 14000 F
7 ASHWARY MATHS 11/1/98 12000 F
A

(b)To show all information about the teachers of history

department.
Ans:select *from teacher where department=’history’;
(c) To list names of female teacher who are in math department.
Ans: select name from teacher where sex=’male’ and
department=’maths’;
d) To list names of all teacher with their date of joining in
ascending order.
Ans:Select Name From Teacher order by dateofjoing;
(f) To count the number of teachers with age >23.
Ans: Select count(number of teachers) from ,teacher where
age>23;
(g) To insert a new row in the teacher table with the following
data: 9, “raja’, 26, “computer”, {13/5/95 }, 2300, “M”.
Ans: Insert into Teacher
values(9,”raja”,26,”computer”,{13/05/95},2300,”M”);

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 114 9 490236965,[email protected]

 1998:
5. Write SQL commands for (b) to (g) and write the outputs for
(h) on the basis of table HOSPITAL.

N NAME AG
DEPARTMEN DATEOF CHAR SEX
O ET ADM GES
1 Arpit 62
Surgery 21/1/98 300 M
2 Zareena 22
Ent 12/12/97 250 F
3 Kareem 32
Arthopedic 19/2/98 200 M
4 Arun 12
Surgery 11/1/98 300 M
5 Zubin 30
Ent 12/1/98 250 M
6 Karin 16
Ent 24/2/98 250 F
7 Ankita 29
cardiology 22/2/98 800 F
8 Zareen 45
Gynecology 22/2/98 300 F
9 Kush 19
Cardiology 13/1/98 800 M
10 Shilpa 23
Nuclear 21/2/98 400 F
medicine
(b) To select all the information of patients of all cardiology
department.
Ans: Select all from Hospital where department=”Cardiology”
(c) To list the names of female patients who are in ent
department.
Ans:select name from Hospital where Department=”Ent” and
Sex=”F”
(d) To list names of all patients with their date of admission in
ascending order.
Ans: Select name,dateofadm from Hospital dateofadm.
(e) To display patients name, charges, age, for only female
patients.
Ans: Select Name,Charges,age from Hospital where sex=”F”
(f) To count the number of patients with age <30.
Ans: Select count(*) from hospitals where age<30
(g) To insert the new row in the hospital table with the following
data: 11, “aftab”, 24, “surgery”, {25/2/98}, 300, “M”.
Ans: insert into Hospital values(11, “aftab”, 24, “surgery”,
{25/02/98}, 300, “M”)
(h) Give the output of the following SQL statements:
(i) Select count (distinct charges)from hospital;
Ans: 5
(ii) Select min(age) from hospital where sex = “f’;
Ans: 16
(iii) Select sum(charges) from hospital where department =
“ent”;
Ans: 750
(iv) Select avg(charges) from hospital where date of admission
is <{12/02/98};
Ans:380

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 115 9 490236965,[email protected]

 5.CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS
Constructor: A member function with the same name as its
class is called Constructor and it is used to initialize the objects
of that class type with a legal initial value.
If a class has a constructor, each object of that class will
be initialized before any use is made of the object.

Need for Constructors: A variable, an array or a structure in

C++ can be initialized at the time of their declaration.
Eg: int a=10;
int a[3]= {5,10,15};
struct student
{
int rno;
float m1,m2,m3;
};
student s1={1,55.0,90.5,80.0};
But this type of initialization does not work for a class because
the class members have their associated access specifiers. They
might not be available to the outside world (outside their class).
A Constructor is used to initialize the objects of the class being
created (automatically called by the compiler).

Difference between a constructor and an ordinary member

function:
Constructor Member Function
Name Name of the Class Any Valid Identifier
Purpose Initialize the object For any general
when it is being created purpose
Call Implicit Explicit
Return Should not keep Must be there at least
type void

Declaration and Definition: A constructor is a member

function of a class with the same name as that of its class
name. A constructor is defined like other member functions of a
class. It can be defined either inside the class definition or
outside the class definition.
Eg: class X
{
int i;
public:
int j,k;
X( ) //Constructor
{
i = j = k = 0;
}
------ //Other members
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 116 9 490236965,[email protected]
 ------
};
This simple constructor (X::X ( ) ) is as an inline member
function. Constructors can be written as outline functions also
as it is shown below:
class X
{
int i ;
public:
int j, k ;
X ( ); //Only constructor declaration.
------ //Other members
------
};
X :: X ( ) //Constructor defined outside
{
i = j = k = 0;
}

Generally constructor will be defined under public section,

which can be available to non members also. But it can also be
defined under private or protected. A private or protected
constructor is not available to the non-member functions. Ie
With a private or protected constructor, you cannot create an
object of the same class in a non-member function.

There are three types of constructors

a) Non-parameterized or Default Constructor
b) Parameterized Constructor
c) Copy Constructors

a) Default constructor: A constructor that accepts no

parameter is called the default constructor.
With a default constructor, objects are created just the same
way as variables of other data types are created.
class X
{
int i ;
public:
int j, k ;
------ //Members Functions
------
};
Eg: X ob1;
Student s1;
If a class has no explicit constructor defined, the compiler will
supply a default constructor. This implicitly declared default
constructor is an inline public members of its class. Declaring
a constructor with arguments hides the default constructor.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 117 9 490236965,[email protected]

There can be a default constructor as well as another
constructor with arguments for a class, having multiple
constructors is called as constructor overloading.
A constructor can also have default arguments. A constructor
with default arguments is equivalent to a default constructor.
Eg: class Rectangle
{
float l,b,a;
public:
Rectangle ( float len = 5.0, float bre = 5.0)
//Constructor with Default arguments
{
l = len;
b = bre;
}
-----
-----
};
void main( )
{
Rectangle first(7.0,9.5);
Rectangle second;
//Takes default argument values. Equivalent to second(5.0,5.0)
----
----
}

The default constructors are very useful when you want to

create objects without having to type the initial objects every
time with pre specified initial values or if you want to create
array of objects of your class type. You can’t create an array of
objects unless your class has a default constructor (implicitly or
explicitly defined).

b) Parameterized Constructor: A constructor that take

arguments, is called as parameterized constructor.
The parameterized constructor allow us to initialize the various
data elements of different objects with different values when
they are created. This is achieved by passing different values as
arguments to the constructor function when the objects are
created.
Eg: class Rectangle
{
float l,b,a;
public:
Rectangle ( float len , float bre )
//Parameterized Constructor.
{
l = len;
b = bre;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 118 9 490236965,[email protected]
 }
-----
-----
};
void main( )
{
Rectangle first(7.0,9.5);
----
----
}
With a parameterized constructor, the initial values must be
passed at the time of object created. This can be done in two
manners:
(i)By calling the constructor implicitly (implicit call) Eg:
Rectangle first(8.5,3.9);
(ii)By calling the construct or explicitly (Explicit call)
Eg: Rectangle first = Rectangle (8.5,3.9);
Temporary Instances:
A temporary instance lives in the memory as long it is
being used or referenced in an expression and after this it dies.
A temporary instance will not have any name. The explicit call
to a constructor also allows you to create a temporary instance
or temporary object. The temporary instances are deleted when
they are no longer referenced.

Eg: class Sample

{
int i,j;
public:
sample (int a, int b)
{
i=a;
j=b;
}
void print ( )
{
cout<<i<<j<<”\n”;
}
----
----
};
void test ( )
{
Sample S1(2,5); //An object S1 created
S1.print ( ); //Data values of S1 printed
Sample (4,9).print ( ); //Data values of a temporary
//sample instance printed
}
The primitive (fundamental) types also have their own
constructors. When no values are provided, they use their
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 119 9 490236965,[email protected]
default constructors but when you provide initial values, the
newly created instance is initialized with the provided value.
Eg: int a,b,c; //Default constructor used
int i(3), j(4), k(5); //i,j,k initialized
c) Copy Constructor:
A copy constructor is a constructor of the form
classname(classname &). The compiler will use the copy
constructor whenever you initialize an instance using values of
another instance of same type.
Eg:
Sample S1; //Default constructor used
Sample S2=S1; //Copy constructor used. Also Sample S2(S1);
In the above code, for the second statement, the compiler will
copy the instance S1 to S2 member by member. If you have not
defined a copy constructor, the compiler automatically, creates
it and it is public.
A copy constructor takes a reference to an object of the same
class an argument.
Eg:
class Sample
{
int i,j;
public:
Sample (int a, int b) //Constructor
{
i = a;
j = b;
}
Sample (Sample &s) //Copy Constructor
{
i=s.i;
j=s.j;
cout<<”Copy constructor Working\n”;
}
void print( )
{
cout<<i<<”\t”<<j<<”\n”;
}
-----
-----
};
void main( )
{
Sample S1(4,9); //S1 initialized first constructor used
Sample S2(S1); //S1 copied to S2. Copy constructor called.
Sample S3=S1;//S1 coped to S3. Copy constructor called again.
-----
-----
}

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 120 9 490236965,[email protected]

Why the argument to a copy constructor is passed by
reference:
If we try to pass the argument by value to a copy
constructor (ie, for a class X, if we use an X(X) constructor in
place of X(X&), the compiler complaints out of memory. The
reason is, when an argument is passed by value, a copy of it is
constructed. To create a copy of the object, the copy
constructor works. But the copy constructor is creating a copy
of the object for itself, thus it calls itself. Again the called copy
constructor requires another copy so again it is called. In fact it
calls itself again until the compiler runs out of memory. So, in
the copy constructor, the argument must be passed by
reference, so that to make a copy of the passed object, original
object is directly available.
Dynamic initialization of objects: The dynamic initialization
means that the initial values may be provided during runtime.
The benefit of dynamic initialization is that it provides the
flexibility of assigning initial values at run time.
Initialization of Const & Reference Members:
If your class contains a constant and a reference as member
field, then you need to specify that through Member-
Initialization List.
A constructor can initialize the constituent data members of its
class through a mem-initialization list that appears in the
function header of the constructor.
Eg:
class Test
{
int a ;
char b;
public:
Test(int i,char j):a(i), b(j);//a(i) initializes member a with
//value i, b(j)….b with j.
{
….
}
}
You can even have a combination of mem-initialization list and
initialization within constructor body.
Eg:
class Test
{
……
public:
Test(int i, char j):a(i)
{
b=j;
}
…..
};
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 121 9 490236965,[email protected]
And if your class contains a const and /or a reference member,
then these members must be initialized through mem-
initialization list as these cannot be initialized within
constructor body.

Eg:
struct Sname
{
char fname[25];
char lname[25];
} S1;

class Test
{
int a,b;
const int max; //const member
Sname &name; //reference member
Public:
Test ( ):max(300),name(S1)
{
a=0;
b=10;
}
------
};

Mem-initialization lists are especially used in the following

four cases:
(i)initialization of const members.
(ii)initialization of reference members.
(iii)Invoking base class constructor.
(iv)Initialization of member objects.

Constructor Overloading:
The constructor of a class may also be overloaded so that even
with different number and types of initial values, an object may
still be initialized.

Default Arguments Versus Overloading:

Using default arguments gives the appearance of overloading,
because the function may be called with an optional number of
arguments.
Eg:
Prototype : float amount (float principal, int time=2, float
rate=0.08);
Can be called as
Amount(2000.0,4,0.10);
Amount(3520.5,3);
Amount(5500.0);
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 122 9 490236965,[email protected]
Special Chracteristics of Constructors:
1. Constructor functions are invoked automatically when the
objects are created.
2. If a class has a constructor, each object of that class will
be initialized before any use is made of the object.
3. Constructor functions obey the usual access rules. Ie
private and protected constructors are available only for
member and friend functions, however, public
constructors are available for all the functions. Only the
functions that have access to the constructor of a class,
can create an object of the class.
4. No return type (not even void) can be specified for a
constructor.
5. They cannot be inherited, though a derived class can call
the base class constructor.
6. A constructor may not be static.
7. Default constructors and copy constructors are
generated(by the compiler) where needed. Generated
constructors are public.
8. Like other c++ functions, constructors can also have
default arguments.
9. It is not possible to take the address of a constructor.
10. An object of a class with a constructor cannot be a
member of a union.
11.Member functions may be called from within a
constructor.
12.A constructor can be used explicitly to create new objects
of its class type, using the syntax class-name
(expression-list)
Eg: Sample obj1=Sample(13,22.42);

DESTRUCTORS
Destructor: A destructor is used to destroy the objects that
have been created by a constructor. A destructor destroys the
values of the object being destroyed.
A destructor is also a member function whose name is
the same as the class name but is preceded by tilde(~). A
destructor takes no arguments, and no return types can be
specified for it (not even void). It is automatically called by the
compiler when an object is destroyed. A local object, local to a
block, is destroyed when the block gets over; a global or static
object is destroyed when the program terminates. A destructor
cleans up the storage (memory area of the object) that is no
longer accessible.
Eg:
class Sample
{
Int i,j;
Public:
Sample(int a, int b) //Constructor
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 123 9 490236965,[email protected]
 { i=a; j=b; }
~Sample()
{ cout<<”Destructor at work\n”; }
------
------
};
void main( )
{
Sample s1(3,4); //Local object s1 constructed with values 3
// & 4 using Sample ( )
-----
----/*Automatically s1 is destructed at the end of the block
using destructor ~Sample( )*/
}
Need for Destructors: During construction of any object by the
constructor, resources may be allocated for use. (for example, a
constructor may7 have opened a file and a memory area may be
allotted to it). These allocated resources must be de allocated
before the object is destroyed.A destructor performs these types
of tasks.
Some Characteristics of Destructors:
1. Destructor functions are invoked automatically when the
objects are destroyed.
2. If a class has a destructor, each object of that class will be
deinitialized before the object goes out of scope.(Local objects at
the end of the block defining them and global and static objects
at the end of the program).
3. Destructor functions also, obey the usual access rules as
other member functions do.
4.No argument can be provided to a destructor, neither does it
return any value.
5. They cannot be inherited.
6. A destructor may not be static.
7. It is not possible to take the address of a destructor.
8. Member functions may be called from within a destructor.
9. An object of a class with a destructor cannot be a member of
a union.

CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS (PROGRAMS)

1.Program to find area of a circle using class, constructor
functions and destructor.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Circle
{
float r,a; //r and a are private
public:
Circle() //Non parameterized or Default Constructor
{
r=0.0;
a=0.0;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 124 9 490236965,[email protected]
 }
Circle(float rad) //Parameterized Constructor
{
r = rad;
a = 3.1415*r*r;
}
Circle(Circle &obj) //Copy Constructor
{
r = obj.r;
a = obj.a;
}
~Circle()
{
cout<<"\nThe object is being destroyed....";
}
void take()
{
cout<<"Enter the value of Radius: ";
cin>>r;
}
void calculate()
{
a = 3.1415*r*r;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\nThe Radius of the Circle = "<<r;
cout<<"\nThe Area of the Circle = "<<a;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
Circle c1; /*Default Constructor will be called implicitly.
ie c1.r = 0.0 and c1.a = 0.0 */
Circle c2(10.3);
//Parameterized Constructor will be called implicitly
Circle c3(c2); //Copy Constructor will be called implicitly
c1.take();
c1.calculate();
c1.display();
c2.display();
c3.display();
getch();
}
2. Program to process student data using class concept,
constructors and destructor.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Student
{
float m1,m2,m3,total,avg;
public:
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 125 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Student()
{
m1=0.0;
m2=0.0;
m2=0.0;
total=0.0;
avg=0.0;
}
Student(float x,float y,float z)
{
m1=x;
m2=y;
m3=z;
total=m1+m2+m3;
avg=total/3;
}
Student(Student &Test)
{
m1=Test.m1;
m2=Test.m2;
m3=Test.m3;
total=Test.total;
avg=Test.avg;
}
~Student()
{
cout<<"The Object is being Destroyed....";
}
void readProcess()
{
cout<<"\nEnter the 3 Subject marks of a student: ";
cin>>m1>>m2>>m3;
total=m1+m2+m3;
avg=total/3;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\nTotal Marks = "<<total;
cout<<"\nAverage Marks = "<<avg;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
Student S1;
Student S2(50.5,90.0,75.5);
Student S3=S2;
S1.readProcess();
S1.display();
S2.readProcess();
S2.display();
S3.display(); getch(); }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 126 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Computer Science (Code 083)
Sample Paper Set - 1
Max. Marks: 70 Duration: 3 Hours

1. (a) What is the difference between Global Variable and Local

Variable? 2
(b) Write the names of the header files to which the following belong:
(i) strcmp() (ii) fabs() 1
(c) Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if
any). Underline each correction. 2
#include [iostream.h]
class PAYITNOW
{
int Charge;
PUBLIC:
void Raise(){cin>>Charge;}
void Show{cout<<Charge;}
};
void main()
{
PAYITNOW P;
P.Raise();
Show();
}
(d) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include <iostream.h>
struct PLAY
{ int Score, Bonus;};
void Calculate(PLAY &P, int N=10)
{
P.Score++;P.Bonus+=N;
}
void main()
{
PLAY PL={10,15};
Calculate(PL,5);
cout<<PL.Score<<”:”<<PL.Bonus<<endl;
Calculate(PL);
cout<<PL.Score<<”:”<<PL.Bonus<<endl;
Calculate(PL,15);
cout<<PL.Score<<”:”<<PL.Bonus<<endl;
}
(e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include <iostream.h>
#include <ctype.h>
void Encrypt(char T[])
{
for (int i=0;T[i]!='\0';i+=2)
if (T[i]=='A' || T[i]=='E') T[i]='#';
else if (islower(T[i]))
T[i]=toupper(T[i]);
else
T[i]='@';
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 127 9 490236965,[email protected]
 }
void main()
{
char Text[]="SaVE EArtH";
//The two words in the string Text are separated by single space
Encrypt(Text);
cout<<Text<<endl;
}
(f) In the following program, if the value of N given by the user is 15,
what maximum and minimum values the program could possibly
display? 2
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int N,Guessme;
randomize();
cin>>N;
Guessme=random(N)+10;
cout<<Guessme<<endl;
}
2.(a)Whatdo you understand by Data Encapsulation and Data Hiding? 2
(b)Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the following class 2
class Seminar
{
int Time;
public:
Seminar()
//Function 1
{
Time=30;
cout<<”Seminar starts now”<<end1;
}
void Lecture()
//Function 2
{
cout<<”Lectures in the seminar on”<<end1;
}
Seminar(int Duration)
//Function 3
{
Time=Duration;
cout<<”Seminar starts now”<<end1;
}
~Seminar()
//Function 4
{
cout<<”Vote of thanks”<<end1;
}
};
i) In Object Oriented Programming, what is Function 4 referred as
and when does it get invoked/called?
ii) In Object Oriented Programming, which concept is illustrated
by Function 1 and Function 3 together? Write an example
illustrating the calls for these functions.
(c) Define a class TEST in C++ with following description: 4
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 128 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Private Members
a. TestCode of type integer
b. Description of type string
c. NoCandidate of type integer
d. CenterReqd (number of centers required) of type integer
e. A member function CALCNTR() to calculate and return the
number of centers as (NoCandidates/100+1)
Public Members
• A function SCHEDULE() to allow user to enter values for
TestCode, Description, NoCandidate & call function
CALCNTR() to calculate the number of Centres
• A function DISPTEST() to allow user to view the content of all
the data members
(d) Answer the questions (i) to (iv) based on the following: 4
class PUBLISHER
{
char Pub[12];
double Turnover;
protected:
void Register();
public:
PUBLISHER();
void Enter();
void Display();
};
class BRANCH
{
char CITY[20];
protected:
float Employees;
public:
BRANCH();
void Haveit();
void Giveit();
};
class AUTHOR:private BRANCH,public PUBLISHER
{
int Acode;
char Aname[20];
float Amount;
public:
AUTHOR();
void Start();
void Show();
};
(i) Write the names of data members, which are accessible from
objects belonging to class AUTHOR.
(ii) Write the names of all the member functions which are accessible
from objects belonging to class BRANCH.
(iii)Write the names of all the members which are accessible from
member functions of class AUTHOR.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 129 9 490236965,[email protected]

 (iv)How many bytes will be required by an object belonging to class
AUTHOR?
3.
(a) Write a function in C++ to merge the contents of two sorted arrays A &
B into third array C. Assuming array A is sorted in ascending order, B
is sorted in descending order, the resultant array is required to be in
ascending order. 4
(b) An array S[40][30] is stored in the memory along the row with each of
the element occupying 2 bytes, find out the memory location for the
element S[20][10], if an element S[15][5] is stored at the memory
location 5500. 4
(c) Write a function in C++ to perform Insert operation in a dynamically
allocated Queue containing names of students. 4
(d) Write a function in C++ to find the sum of both left and right diagonal
elements from a two dimensional array (matrix). 2
(e) Evaluate the following postfix notation of expression: 2
20,30,+,50,40,-,*
4.
(a) Observe the program segment given below carefully and fill the blanks
marked as Statement 1 and Statement 2 using seekp() and seekg()
functions for performing the required task. 1
#include <fstream.h>
class Item
{
int Ino;char Item[20];
public:
//Function to search and display the content
from a particular //record number
void Search(int );
//Function to modify the content of a
particular record number
void Modify(int);
};
void Item::Search(int RecNo)
{
fstream File;
File.open(“STOCK.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in);
______________________
//Statement 1
File.read((char*)this,sizeof(Item));
cout<<Ino<<”==>”<<Item<<endl;
File.close();
}
void Item::Modify(int RecNo)
{
fstream File;
File.open(“STOCK.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out);
cout>>Ino;cin.getline(Item,20);
______________________
//Statement 2
File.write((char*)this,sizeof(Item));
File.close();
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 130 9 490236965,[email protected]
 }
(b) Write a function in C++ to count the number of lines present in a text
file “STORY.TXT”. 2
(c) Write a function in C++ to search for a BookNo from a binary file
“BOOK.DAT”, assuming the binary file is containing the objects of the
following class. 3
class BOOK
{
int Bno;
char Title[20];
public:
int RBno(){return Bno;}
void Enter(){cin>>Bno;gets(Title);}
void Display(){cout<<Bno<<Title<<endl;}
};
5.(a) What do you understand by Degree and Cardinality of a table? 2
(b) Consider the following tables ACTIVITY and COACH. Write SQL
commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL
queries (v) to (viii) 6
Table: ACTIVITY
ACode ActivityName Participants PrizeMoney ScheduleDate
Num
1001 Relay 100x4 16 10000 23-Jan-2004
1002 High jump 10 12000 12-Dec-2003
1003 Shot Put 12 8000 14-Feb-2004
1005 Long Jump 12 9000 01-Jan-2004
1008 Discuss Throw 10 15000 19-Mar-2004
Table: COACH
PCode Name ACode
1 Ahmad Hussain 1001
2 Ravinder 1008
3 Janila 1001
4 Naaz 1003
(i) To display the name of all activities with their Acodes in
descending order.
(ii) To display sum of PrizeMoney for each of the Number of
participants groupings (as shown in column ParticipantsNum 10,12,16)
(iii) To display the coach’s name and ACodes in ascending order of
ACode from the table COACH
(iv) To display the content of the GAMES table whose ScheduleDate
earliar than 01/01/2004 in ascending order of ParticipantNum
(v) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ParticipantsNum) FROM
ACTIVITY;
(vi)SELECT MAX(ScheduleDate),MIN(ScheduleDate) FROM
ACTIVITY;
(vii) SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney) FROM ACTIVITY;
(viii) SELECT DISTINCT ParticipantNum FROM COACH;
6. (a) State and verify Demorgan’s Laws. 2
(b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following
Logic Circuit 2

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 131 9 490236965,[email protected]

 (c) Write the POS form of a Boolean function F, which is represented in a
truth table as follows: 1
U V W F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
(d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map: 3
F(A,B,C,D)=Σ(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,10)
7.
a) What is the significance of ARPANET in the network? 1
b) Expand the following terminologies: 1
(i) CDMA (ii) GSM
c) Give two major reasons to have network security. 1
d) What is the purpose of using a Web Browser? Name any one commonly used
Web Browser. 1
e) Knowledge Supplement Organisation has set up its new center at Mangalore for
its office and web based activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings as shown in the
diagram below:
Block
Block

C
A

Block
lock
B

Center to center distances between various blocks

Black A to Block B 50 m
Block B to Block C 150 m
Block C to Block D 25 m
Block A to Block D 170 m
Block B to Block D 125 m
Block A to Block C 90 m
Number of Computers
Black A 25
Block B 50
Block C 125
Block D 10

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 132 9 490236965,[email protected]

 e1) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the blocks. 1
e2) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. block) to house the server of this
organisation with a suitable reason. 1
e3) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification 1
(i) Repeater (ii) Hub/Switch
e4) The organization is planning to link its front office situated in the city in a
hilly region where cable connection is not feasible, suggest an economic
way to connect it with reasonably high speed? 1
Computer Science (Code 083)
Sample Paper with Solution Set - 1
Max. Marks: 70 Duration: 3 Hours
Q1.(a) What is the difference between Global Variable and Local
Variable? 2
Answer:
Global Variable Local Variable
• It is a variable, which is declared • It is a variable, which is
outside all the functions declared with in a function
or with in a compound
• It is accessible throughout the statement
program • It is accessible only within a
function/compound
statement in which it is
declared

#include <iostream.h>
float NUM=900; //NUM is a
global variable
void LOCAL(int T)
{
int Total=0; //Total is a
local variable
for (int I=0;I<T;I++)
Total+=I;
cout<<NUM+Total;
}
void main()
{
LOCAL(45);
}

(1/2 Mark for each point of difference)

(1/2 Mark for example of Global Variable)
(1/2 Mark for example of Local Variable) OR
(Full 2Marks to be awarded if the difference is explained with the help
of suitable example)
(d) Write the names of the header files to which the following belong: 1
(i) strcmp() (ii) fabs()
Answer:
(i) string.h
(ii) math.h
(1/2 Mark for mentioning name of each header file)

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 133 9 490236965,[email protected]

 (e) Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if
any). Underline each correction. 2
#include [iostream.h]
class PAYITNOW
{
int Charge;
PUBLIC:
void Raise(){cin>>Charge;}
void Show{cout<<Charge;}
};
void main()
{
PAYITNOW P;
P.Raise();
Show();
}
Answer:
#include <iostream.h>
class PAYITNOW
{
int Charge;
public:
void Raise(){cin>>Charge;}
void Show(){cout<<Charge;}
};
void main()
{
PAYITNOW P;
P.Raise();
P.Show();
}
(1/2 Mark for correcting each error) OR
(1 Mark for identifying all the 4 errors with no correction)
(d) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include <iostream.h>
struct PLAY
{ int Score, Bonus;};
void Calculate(PLAY &P, int N=10)
{
P.Score++;P.Bonus+=N;
}
void main()
{
PLAY PL={10,15};
Calculate(PL,5);
cout<<PL.Score<<”:”<<PL.Bonus<<endl;
Calculate(PL);
cout<<PL.Score<<”:”<<PL.Bonus<<endl;
Calculate(PL,15);
cout<<PL.Score<<”:”<<PL.Bonus<<endl;
}
Answer:
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 134 9 490236965,[email protected]
 11:20
12:30
13:45
(1 Mark for each correct line of output)
Note:
Deduct ½ Mark for not showing : in the output
Deduct ½ Mark for not considering endl
(e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include <iostream.h>
#include <ctype.h>
void Encrypt(char T[])
{
for (int i=0;T[i]!='\0';i+=2)
if (T[i]=='A' || T[i]=='E') T[i]='#';
else if (islower(T[i]))
T[i]=toupper(T[i]);
else
T[i]='@';
}
void main()
{
char Text[]="SaVE EArtH";
//The two words in the string Textare separated by single space
Encrypt(Text);
cout<<Text<<endl;
}
Answer:
@a@E@E#rTH
(1 Mark for writing all alphabets at correct positions)
(1/2 Mark for writing @ at correct positions)
(1/2 Mark for writing # at correct position)
(g) In the following program, if the value of N given by the user is 15, what
maximum and minimum values the program could possibly display?
#include <iostream.h> 2
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int N,Guessme;
randomize();
cin>>N;
Guessme=random(N)+10;
cout<<Guessme<<endl;
}
Answer:
Maximum Value: 24 Minimum Value: 10
(1 Mark for writing correct minimum value)
(1 Mark for writing correct maximum value)
Q2. (a) What do you understand by Data Encapsulation and Data
Hiding? 2
Answer:
Data Encapsulation: Wrapping up of data and function together in a
single unit is known as Data Encapsulation. In a class, we wrap up
the data and function together in a single unit.
Data Hiding: Keeping the data in private visibility mode of the class
to prevent it from accidental change is known as Data Hiding.

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 135 9 490236965,[email protected]

 class Computer Data Hiding
{
char CPU[10];int RAM;
public: Data Encapsulation
void STOCK();
void SHOW();
};
(1 Mark for each definition and explanation) OR
(Full 2 marks for explaining both with the help of an example)
(b) Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the following
class: 2
class Seminar
{
int Time;
public:
Seminar()
//Function 1
{
Time=30;
cout<<”Seminarstarts now”<<end1;
}
void Lecture()
//Function 2
{
cout<<”Lectures in the seminar on”<<end1;
}
Seminar(int Duration)
//Function 3
{
Time=Duration;
cout<<”Seminar starts now”<<end1;
}
~Seminar()
//Function 4
{
cout<<”Vote of thanks”<<end1;
}
};
iii) In Object Oriented Programming, what is Function 4 referred as
and when does it get invoked/called?
Answer:
Destructor, it is invoked as soon as the scope of the object
gets over.
( ½ Mark for mentioning “Destructor”)
( ½ Mark for correctly answering to remaining part of the
question)
iv) In Object Oriented Programming, which concept is illustrated
by Function 1 and Function 3 together? Write an example
illustrating the calls for these functions.
Answer:
Constructor Overloading (Polymorphism)

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 136 9 490236965,[email protected]

 Seminar S1,S2(90);
( ½ Mark for mentioning “Constructor Oveloading” OR
“Polymorphism”) ( ½ Mark for example)
(e) Define a class TEST in C++ with following description: 4
Private Members
a. TestCode of type integer
b. Description of type string
c. NoCandidate of type integer
d. CenterReqd (number of centers required) of type integer
e. A member function CALCNTR() to calculate and return the
number of centers as (NoCandidates/100+1)
Public Members
• A function SCHEDULE() to allow user to enter values for
TestCode, Description, NoCandidate & call function
CALCNTR() to calculate the number of Centres
• A function DISPTEST() to allow user to view the content of all
the data members
Answer:
class TEST
{
int TestCode;
char Description[20];
int NoCandidate,CenterReqd;
void CALCNTR();
public:
void SCHEDULE();
void DISPTEST();
};
void TEST::CALCNTR()
{
CenterReqd=NoCandidate/100 + 1;
}
void TEST::SCHEDULE()
{
cout<<”Test Code :”;cin>>TestCode;
cout<<”Description :”;gets(Description);
cout<<”Number :”;cin>>NoCandidate;
CALCNTR();
}
void TEST::DISPTEST()
{
cout<<”Test Code :”<<TestCode<<endl;
cout<<”Description :”<<Description<<endl;
cout<<”Number :”<<NoCandidate<<endl;;
cout<<”Centres :”<<CenterReqd<<endl;;
}
(1 Mark for correctly declaring Data Members)
(1 Mark for correctly defining CALCNTR())
( ½ Mark for correctly defining SCHEDULE())
( ½ Mark for calling CALCNTR() from SCHEDULE())
( ½ Mark for correctly defining DISPTEST())
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 137 9 490236965,[email protected]
 ( ½ Mark for correct syntax of class)
(f) Answer the questions (i) to (iv) based on the following: 4
class PUBLISHER
{ char Pub[12];
double Turnover;
protected:
void Register();
public:
PUBLISHER();
void Enter();
void Display();
};
class BRANCH
{ char CITY[20];
protected:
float Employees;
public:
BRANCH();
void Haveit();
void Giveit();
};
class AUTHOR:private BRANCH,public PUBLISHER
{ int Acode;
char Aname[20];
float Amount;
public:
AUTHOR();
void Start();
void Show();
};
(vi)Write the names of data members, which are accessible from
objects belonging to class AUTHOR.
(vii)Write the names of all the member functions, which are accessible
from objects belonging to class BRANCH.
(viii)Write the names of all the members which are accessible from
member functions of class AUTHOR.
(ix)How many bytes will be required by an object belonging to class
AUTHOR?
Answer:
(i) None of data members are accessible from objects belonging to
class AUTHOR.
(ii) Haveit(), Giveit()
(iii)Data members: Employee, Acode, Aname, Amount
Member function: Register(), Enter(), Display(), Haveit(),
Giveit(), Start(), Show(),
(iv) 70
( 1 Mark for each correct answer)
Note: No marks to be given for partial answers
Q3.(a) Write a function in C++ to merge the contents of two sorted arrays A
& B into third array C. Assuming array A is sorted in ascending order,
B is sorted in descending order, the resultant array is required to be in
ascending order. 4
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 138 9 490236965,[email protected]
Answer:
void AddNSave(int A[],int B[],int C[],int
N,int M, int &K)
{
int I=0,J=M-1;
K=0;
while (I<N && J>=0)
{
if (A[I]<B[J])
C[K++]=A[I++];
else
if (A[I]>B[J])
C[K++]=B[J--];
else
{
C[K++]=A[I++];
J--;
}
}
for (int T=I;T<N;T++)
C[K++]=A[T];
for (T=J;T>=0;T--)
C[K++]=B[T];
}
( ½ Mark for function header with desired parameters)
( ½ Mark initialising counters)
(1 Mark for correct formation of loop)
(1 Mark for correct comparison of elements)
(1 Mark for transferring remaining elements in resultant array)
(f) An array S[40][30] is stored in the memory along the row with each of
the element occupying 2 bytes, find out the memory location for the
element S[20][10], if an element S[15][5] is stored at the memory
location 5500. 4
Answer:
Given, W=2
N=40
M=30
Loc(S[15][5])=5500
Row Major Formula:
Loc(S[I][J]) =Base(S)+W*(M*I+J)
Loc(S[15][5]) =Base(S)+2*(30*15+5)
5500 =Base(S)+2*(450+5)
Base(S) =5500- 910
Base(S) =4590
Loc(S[20][10]) =4590+2*(30*20+10)
=4590+2*(600+10)
=4590+1220
=5810
(1/2 Mark for correct formula/substitution of values in formula)
(1 ½ Mark for correctly calculating Base Address)
(2 Mark for correctly calculating address of desired location)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 139 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (g) Write a function in C++ to perform Insert operation in a dynamically
allocated Queue containing names of students. 4
Answer:
struct NODE
{
char Name[20];
NODE *Link;
};
class QUEUE
{
NODE *R,*F;
public:
QUEUE();
void Insert();
void Delete();
};
void QUEUE::Insert()
{
NODE *Temp;
Temp=new NODE;
gets(Temp->Name);
Temp->Link=NULL;
if (Rear==NULL)
{
Rear=Temp;
Front=Temp;
}
else
{
Rear->Link=Temp;
Rear=Temp;
}
}
( ½ Mark for appropriate function header)
( ½ Mark for declaring a Temporary pointer - TEMP)
(1 Mark for correct use of input/assignment of Temporary pointer- TEMP)
(1 Mark for checking FRONT as NULL and assigning REAR and
FRONT as – TEMP) (1 Mark for connecting TEMP to link part of
REAR and assigning REAR as TEMP)
(h) Write a function in C++ to find the sum of both left and right diagonal
elements from a two dimensional array (matrix). 2
Answer:
void DiagSum(int A[100][100],int N)
{
int SumD1=0,SumD2=0;
for (int I=0;I<N;I++)
{
SumD1+=A[I][I];SumD2+=A[N-I-1][I];
}
cout<<”Sum of Diagonal 1:”<<SumD1<<endl;
cout<<”Sum of Diagonal 2:”<<SumD2<<endl;
}
( ½ Mark for initialization of desired variables)
( ½ Mark for correct formation of loop)
( ½ Mark for statement to add left diagonal elements)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 140 9 490236965,[email protected]
 ( ½ Mark for statement to add right diagonal elements)
(i) Evaluate the following postfix notation of expression: 2
20,30,+,50,40,-,*
Answer:
Step 1: Push

20
Step 2: Push

30
20
Step 3: +
Push
Pop Pop
Op2=30 Op1=20
Op2=30
20 50
Step 4: Push

50
50
Step 5: Push

40
50
50
Step 6: -
Push
Pop Pop
Op2=40 Op1=50
50 Op2=40 10
50 50 50
Step 7: *
Push
Pop Pop
Op2=10 Op1=50
Op2=10
50 500
Step 8: Pop

Result
500

( ½ Mark for showing stack position for each operation +,- and *)
( ½ Mark for correctly evaluating the final result)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 141 9 490236965,[email protected]
Q4.(a) Observe the program segment given below carefully and fill the blanks
marked as Statement 1 and Statement 2 using seekp() and seekg()
functions for performing the required task. 1
#include <fstream.h>
class Item
{ int Ino;char Item[20];
public:
//Function to search and display the content
from a particular //record number
void Search(int );
//Function to modify the content of a
particular record number
void Modify(int);
};
void Item::Search(int RecNo)
{ fstream File;
File.open(“STOCK.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in);
______________________
//Statement 1
File.read((char*)this,sizeof(Item));
cout<<Ino<<”==>”<<Item<<endl;
File.close();
}
void Item::Modify(int RecNo)
{ fstream File;
File.open(“STOCK.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out);
cout>>Ino;cin.getline(Item,20);
______________________
//Statement 2
File.write((char*)this,sizeof(Item));
File.close();
}
Answer:
File.seekg(RecNo*sizeof(Item)); //Statement
1
File.seekp(RecNo*sizeof(Item)); //Statement
2
( ½ Mark for each correct statement)
(b) Write a function in C++ to count the number of lines present in a text
file “STORY.TXT”. 2
Answer:
void CountLine()
{
ifstream FIL(“STORY.TXT”);
int LINES=0;
char STR[80];
while (FIL.getline(STR,80))
LINES++;
cout<<”No. of Lines:”<<LINES<<endl;
FIL.close(); }
( ½ mark for opening the file in ‘in’ mode)
( ½ mark for initializing the variable for counting lines to 0)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 142 9 490236965,[email protected]
 ( ½ mark for reading each line)
( ½ mark for incrementing and displaying/returning value of variable)
(c) Write a function in C++ to search for a BookNo from a binary file
“BOOK.DAT”, assuming the binary file is containing the objects of the
following class. 3
class BOOK
{
int Bno;
char Title[20];
public:
int RBno(){return Bno;}
void Enter(){cin>>Bno;gets(Title);}
void Display(){cout<<Bno<<Title<<endl;}
};
Answer:
void BookSearch()
{
fstream FIL;
FIL.open(“BOOK.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in);
BOOK B;
int bn,Found=0;
cout<<”Enter Book Num to search…”;
cin>>bn;
while (FIL.read((char*)&S,sizeof(S)))
if (B.RBno()==bn)
{
B.Display();
Found++;
}
if (Found==0) cout<<”Sorry! Book not
found!!!”<<endl;
FIL.close();
}
( ½ mark for correct syntax of function header and body)
( ½ mark for opening the file in ‘in’ mode)
( ½ mark for reading content from file into the object of B)
( ½ mark for appropriate loop)
( ½ mark for correct condition for searching)
( ½ mark for displaying the content of the object)
Q5.
(a) What do you understand by Degree and Cardinality of a table? 2
Answer:
Degree of a table is total number of attributes.
Cardinality of a table is total number of rows.
(1 mark for definition of Degree)
(1 mark for definition of Cardinality)
(b) Consider the following tables ACTIVITY and COACH. Write SQL
commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL
queries (v) to (viii) 6

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 143 9 490236965,[email protected]

 Table: ACTIVITY
ACode ActivityName ParticipantsNu PrizeMoney ScheduleDate
m
1001 Relay 100x4 16 10000 23-Jan-2004
1002 High jump 10 12000 12-Dec-2003
1003 Shot Put 12 8000 14-Feb-2004
1005 Long Jump 12 9000 01-Jan-2004
1008 Discuss Throw 10 15000 19-Mar-2004
Table: COACH
PCode Name ACode
1 Ahmad Hussain 1001
2 Ravinder 1008
3 Janila 1001
4 Naaz 1003
(i) To display the name of all activities with their Acodes in descending
order. Answer:
SELECT ActivityName, ACode FROM ACTIVITY ORDER BY
Acode DESC;
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of ORDER BY)
(ii) To display sum of PrizeMoney for each of the Number of participants
groupings (as shown in column ParticipantsNum 10,12,16)
Answer:
SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney),ParticipantsNum FROM
ACTIVITY GROUP BY ParticipantsNum;
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of GROUP BY)
(iii) To display the coach’s name and ACodes in ascending order of ACode
from the table COACH
Answer:
SELECT Name, ACode FROM COACH ORDER BY ACode;
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of ORDER BY)
(iv) To display the content of the ACTIVITY table whose ScheduleDate
earlier than 01/01/2004 in ascending order of ParticipantsNum.
Answer:
SELECT * FROM ACTIVITY WHERE ScheduleDate<’01-Jan-
2004’ ORDER BY ParticipantsNum;
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of ORDER BY)
(x) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ParticipantsNum) FROM
ACTIVITY;
Answer:
( ½ mark for correct output)
(vi)SELECT MAX(ScheduleDate),MIN(ScheduleDate) FROM ACTIVITY;
Answer:
19-Mar-2004 12-Dec-2003
( ½ mark for correct output)
(vii) SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney) FROM ACTIVITY;
Answer:54000 ( ½ mark for correct output)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 144 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (viii) SELECT DISTINCT ParticipantsNum FROM ACTIVITY;
Answer:
16
10
12
( ½ mark for correct output)
Q6. (a) State and verify Demorgan’s Laws. 2
Answer:
(X+Y)’ =X’.Y’
(X.Y)’ =X’+Y’

X Y X+Y (X+Y X’ Y’ X’.Y’ X.Y (X.Y) X’+Y’

)’ ’
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Verified
(1 mark for stating the correct law)
(1 mark for the appropriate verification using truth table OR algebraic method)
(b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following Logic
Circuit 2

Answer:
F(P,Q)=(P’+Q).(P+Q’)
(Full 2 marks for obtaining the correct Boolean Expression for the Logic
Circuit) OR (1 mark correctly interpreting SUM terms)
(d) Write the POS form of a Boolean function F, which is represented in a
truth table as follows: 1

U V W F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
Answer:
F(U,V,W) = (U+V+W’).(U+V’+W’).(U’+V+W’)
(1 mark for correct POS representation)
(e) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map: 3
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 145 9 490236965,[email protected]
 F(A,B,C,D)=Σ(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,10)
Answer:

F(A,B,C,D)=A’C’+A’D’+B’D’
(1 mark for correctly drawing K-Map with 1s represented on right
places)
(1 mark for minimizing each Quad)
(1 mark for writing the complete Boolean Expression)
Q7.
e) What is the significance of ARPANET in the network? 1
Answer:
The first evolution of network was jointly designed by The Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and Department of Defence (DoD) in
1969 and was called ARPANET. It was an experimental project, which
connected a few computers of some of the reputed universities of USA and
DoD. ARPANET allowed access and use of computer resource sharing
projects. Later Defence Data Network (DDN) was born in 1983.
(1 marks for mentioning the significance correctly)
f) Expand the following terminologies: 1
(i) CDMA (ii) GSM
Answer:
(i) Code Division Multiple Access
(ii) Global System for Mobile Communication
(½ mark each expansion)
g) Give two major reasons to have network security. 1
Answer:
Two major reasons to have Network Security are
(i) Secrecy: Keeping information out of the reach of
unauthorized users.
(ii) Authentication: Determining the authorized user before
sharing sensitive information with or entering into a business
deal.
(½ mark for each appropriate reasons)
h) What is the purpose of using a Web Browser? Name any one commonly used
Web Browser. 1
Answer:
The Web Browser fetches the page requested, interprets the text
and formatting commands that it contains, and displays the page
properly formatted on the screen.
Example of a Web Browser:
Mozilla Firefox OR Internet Explorer OR Netscape Navigator OR
Safari OR OPERA
(½ mark for mentioning purpose of using a Web Browser)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 146 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (½ mark for Example of a Web Browser)
e) Knowledge Supplement Organisation has set up its new center at
Mangalore for its office and web based activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings as
shown in the diagram below:

Block

Block
A

C
Block
lock

D
B

Center to center distances between various blocks

Black A to Block B 50 m
Block B to Block C 150 m
Block C to Block D 25 m
Block A to Block D 170 m
Block B to Block D 125 m
Block A to Block C 90 m
Number of Computers
Black A 25
Block B 50
Block C 125
Block D 10
e1) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the blocks. 1
Answer:(Any of the following option)
Layout Option 1:
Block

Block
A

C
lock

Block
B

Layout Option 2: Since the distance between Block A and Block B is

quite short
Block
Block
A

C
lock

Block
B

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 147 9 490236965,[email protected]

 (1 mark for any of the above shown Layout)

e2) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. block) to house the server of this
organisation with a suitable reason. 1
Answer:
The most suitable place / block to house the server of this organisation
would be Block C, as this block contains the maximum number of
computers, thus decreasing the cabling cost for most of the computers
as well as increasing the efficiency of the maximum computers in the
network.
( ½ mark for mentioning the correct block)
( ½ mark for reason)
e3) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification 1
(i) Repeater (ii)Hub/Switch
Answer:
(i) For Layout 1, since the cabling distance between Blocks A and
C, and that between B and C are quite large, so a repeater each,
would ideally be needed along their path to avoid loss of
signals during the course of data flow in these routes.
Bloc

Bloc
kA

kC
Repeate

Repeate

Bloc
Bl
oc

kD
B
k

For layout 2, since the distance between Blocks A and C is large so a

repeater would ideally be placed in between this path
Block
Block

Repeater
A

C
lock

Block
B

(1 mark for showing correct placement of repeater)

(ii) In both the layouts, a hub/switch each would be needed in all the
blocks, to interconnect the group of cables from the different
computers in each block

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 148 9 490236965,[email protected]

 Layout 2
(1 mark for showing correct placement of hub)
e4) The organization is planning to link its front office situated in the city in a
hilly region where cable connection is not feasible, suggest an economic
way to connect it with reasonably high speed? 1
Answer:
The most economic way to connect it with a reasonable high speed
would be to use radio wave transmission, as they are easy to install, can
travel long distances, and penetrate buildings easily, so they are widely
used for communication, both indoors and outdoors. Radio waves also
have the advantage of being omni directional, which is they can travel
in all the directions from the source, so that the transmitter and receiver
do not have to be carefully aligned physically.
(1 mark for suggesting the appropriate economic way)

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 149 9 490236965,[email protected]

 Computer Science (Code 083)
Sample Paper Set –II
Max. Marks: 70 Duration: 3 Hours

1.(a) What is the difference between Object Oriented Programming and

Procedural Programming? 2
(b)Write the names of the header files to which the following belong 1
(i) frexp() (ii) isalnum()
(c)Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if
any). Underline each correction. 2
#include <iostream.h>
struct Pixels
{ int Color,Style;}
void ShowPoint(Pixels P)
{ cout<<P.Color,P.Style<<endl;}
void main()
{
Pixels Point1=(5,3);
ShowPoint(Point1);
Pixels Point2=Point1;
Color.Point1+=2;
ShowPoint(Point2);
}
(d) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include <iostream.h>
void Changethecontent(int Arr[], int Count)
{
for (int C=1;C<Count;C++)
Arr[C-1]+=Arr[C];
}
void main()
{
int A[]={3,4,5},B[]={10,20,30,40},C[]={900,1200};
Changethecontent(A,3);
Changethecontent(B,4);
Changethecontent(C,2);
for (int L=0;L<3;L++) cout<<A[L]<<’#’;
cout<<endl;
for (L=0;L<4;L++) cout<<B[L] <<’#’;
cout<<endl;
for (L=0;L<2;L++) cout<<C[L] <<’#’;
}
(e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include <iostream.h>
struct Game
{
char Magic[20];int Score;
};
void main()
{
Game M={“Tiger”,500};
char *Choice;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 150 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Choice=M.Magic;
Choice[4]=’P’;
Choice[2]=’L’;
M.Score+=50;
cout<<M.Magic<<M.Score<<endl;
Game N=M;
N.Magic[0]=’A’;N.Magic[3]=’J’;
N.Score-=120;
cout<<N.Magic<<N.Score<<endl;
}
(f) In the following program, if the value of N given by the user is 20, what
maximum and minimum values the program could possibly display? 2
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int N,Guessnum;
randomize();
cin>>N;
Guessnum=random(N-10)+10;
cout<<Guessnum<<endl;
}
2.
(a) What do you understand by Polymorphism? Give a suitable example of
the same. 2
(b) Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the following
program: 2
class Match
{
int Time;
public:
Match() //Function 1
{
Time=0;
cout<<”Match commences”<<end1;
}
void Details() //Function 2
{
cout<<”Inter Section Basketball
Match”<<end1;
}
Match(int Duration) //Function 3
{
Time=Duration;
cout<<”Another Match begins now”<<end1;
}
Match(Match &M) //Function 4
{
Time=M.Duration;
cout<<”Like Previous Match ”<<end1;
}
};
v) Which category of constructor - Function 4 belongs to and what
is the purpose of using it?
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 151 9 490236965,[email protected]
 vi) Write statements that would call the member Functions 1 and 3
(c)Define a class in C++ with following description: 4
Private Members
• A data member Flight number of type integer
• A data member Destination of type string
• A data member Distance of type float
• A data member Fuel of type float
• A member function CALFUEL() to calculate the value of Fuel
as per the following criteria
Distance Fuel
<=1000 500
more than 1000 and <=2000 1100
more than 2000 2200
Public Members
• A function FEEDINFO() to allow user to enter values for Flight
Number, Destination, Distance & call function CALFUEL() to
calculate the quantity of Fuel
• A function SHOWINFO() to allow user to view the content of
all the data members
(c) Answer the questions (i) to (iv) based on the following: 4
class CUSTOMER
{
int Cust_no;
char Cust_Name[20];
protected:
void Register();
public:
CUSTOMER();
void Status();
};
class SALESMAN
{
int Salesman_no;
char Salesman_Name[20];
protected:
float Salary;
public:
SALESMAN();
void Enter();
void Show();
};
class SHOP : private CUSTOMER , public SALESMAN
{
char Voucher_No[10];
char Sales_Date[8];
public:
SHOP();
void Sales_Entry();
void Sales_Detail();
};
(xi)Write the names of data members which are accessible from
objects belonging to class CUSTOMER.
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 152 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (xii)Write the names of all the member functions which are accessible
from objects belonging to class SALESMAN.
(xiii)Write the names of all the members which are accessible from
member functions of class SHOP.
(xiv)How many bytes will be required by an object belonging to class
SHOP?
3.
(a) Write a function in C++ to combine the contents of two equi-sized
arrays A and B by computing their corresponding elements with the
formula 2*A[i]+3*B[i]; where value i varies from 0 to N-1 and transfer
the resultant content in the third same sized array. 4
(j) An array P[20][30] is stored in the memory along the column with each
of the element occupying 4 bytes, find out the memory location for the
element P[5][15], if an element P[2][20] is stored at the memory
location 5000. 4
(k) Write a function in C++ to perform Push operation on a dynamically
allocated Stack containing real numbers. 4
(l) Write a function in C++ to find sum of rows from a two dimensional
array. 2
(m)Evaluate the following postfix notation of expression: 2
True, False, AND, True, True, NOT, OR, AND
4.
(a) Observe the program segment given below carefully and fill the blanks
marked as Statement 1 and Statement 2 using seekg() and tellg()
functions for performing the required task. 1
#include <fstream.h>
class Employee
{
int Eno;char Ename[20];
public:
//Function to count the total number of
records
int Countrec();
};
int Item::Countrec()
{
fstream File;
File.open(“EMP.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in);
______________________
//Statement 1

int Bytes = ______________________

//Statement 2

int Count = Bytes / sizeof(Item);

File.close();
return Count;
}
(b) Write a function in C++ to count the number of alphabets present in
a text file “NOTES.TXT”. 2

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 153 9 490236965,[email protected]

 (c) Write a function in C++ to add new objects at the bottom of a binary
file “STUDENT.DAT”, assuming the binary file is containing the
objects of the following class 3
class STUD
{
int Rno;
char Name[20];
public:
void Enter(){cin>>Rno;gets(Name);}
void Display(){cout<<Rno<<Name<<endl;}
};
void Addnew()
{
fstream FIL;
FIL.open(“STUDENT.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::app);
STUD S;
char CH;
do
{
S.Enter();
FIL.write((char*)&S,sizeof(S));
cout<<”More(Y/N)?”;cin>>CH;
}
while(CH!=’Y’);
FIL.close();
}
5.
(a) What do you understand by Primary Key & Candidate Keys? 2
(b) Consider the following tables GAMES and PLAYER. Write SQL
commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to
(viii) 6
Table: GAMES
GCode GameName Number PrizeMoney ScheduleDate
101 Carom Board 2 5000 23-Jan-2004
102 Badminton 2 12000 12-Dec-2003
103 Table Tennis 4 8000 14-Feb-2004
105 Chess 2 9000 01-Jan-2004
108 Lawn Tennis 4 25000 19-Mar-2004
Table: PLAYER
PCode Name Gcode
1 Nabi Ahmad 101
2 Ravi Sahai 108
3 Jatin 101
4 Nazneen 103
(i) To display the name of all Games with their Gcodes
(ii) To display details of those games which are having PrizeMoney more
than 7000.
(iii) To display the content of the GAMES table in ascending order of
ScheduleDate.
(iv) To display sum of PrizeMoney for each of the Number of participation
groupings (as shown in column Number 2 or 4)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 154 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (xv)SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Number) FROM GAMES;
(vi)SELECT MAX(ScheduleDate),MIN(ScheduleDate) FROM GAMES;
(vii) SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney) FROM GAMES;
(viii) SELECT DISTINCT Gcode FROM PLAYER;
6. (a) State and algebraically verify Absorbtion Laws. 2
(b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following
Logic Circuit 2

(c) Write the SOP form of a Boolean function G, which is represented in a

truth table as follows: 1
P Q R G
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
(d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map: 3
F(U,V,W,Z)=Π(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,10)
7.a) Define the term Bandwidth. Give unit of Bandwidth. 1
b) Expand the following terminologies: 1
(i) HTML (ii) XML
c) Define the term firewall. 1
d) What is the importance of URL in networking? 1
e)Ravya Industries has set up its new center at Kaka Nagar for its office and
web based activities. The company compound has 4 buildings as shown in
the diagram below:
Building
Building

Fazz
Raj

Building
Jazz
Building
Harsh

Center to center distances between various buildings is as follows:

Harsh Building to Raj Building 50 m
Raz Building to Fazz Building 60 m
Fazz Building to Jazz Building 25 m
Jazz Building to Harsh Building 170 m
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 155 9 490236965,[email protected]
 Harsh Building to Fazz Building 125 m
Raj Building to Jazz Building 90 m
Number of Computers in each of the buildings is follows:
Harsh Building 15
Raj Building 150
Fazz Building 15
Jazz Bulding 25
e1) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the buildings. 1
e2) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this
organisation with a suitable reason. 1
e3) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: 1
(i) Internet Connecting Device/Modem (ii)Switch
e4) The organisation is planning to link its sale counter situated in various
parts of the same city, which type of network out of LAN, MAN or WAN
will be formed? Justify your answer. 1

Computer Science (Code 083)

Sample Paper with Solution Set –II
Max. Marks: 70 Duration: 3 Hours
1. (a) What is the difference between Object Oriented Programming and
Procedural Programming? 2
Answer:
Object Oriented Programming Procedural Programming
• Emphasis on Data • Emphasis on doing things
• Follows Bottom-Up approach (functions)
in program design • Follows Top-down
• Data hiding feature prevents approach in program
accidental change in data design
• Presence of Global
• Features like data variables increase chances
encapsulation, polymorphism, of accidental change in
inheritance are present data
• Such features are not
available
(1/2 Mark for each point of difference – to maximum of 2 marks)
(b) Write the names of the header files to which the following belong: 1
(i) frexp() (ii) isalnum()
Answer:
(i) math.h (ii)
ctype.h
(1/2 Mark for mentioning name of each header file)
(c)Rewrite the following program after removing the syntactical errors (if
any). Underline each correction. 2
#include <iostream.h>
struct Pixels
{ int Color,Style; }
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 156 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void ShowPoint(Pixels P)
{ cout<<P.Color,P.Style<<endl;}
void main()
{ Pixels Point1=(5,3);
ShowPoint(Point1);
Pixels Point2=Point1;
Color.Point1+=2;
ShowPoint(Point2); }
Answer:
#include <iostream.h>
struct Pixels
{ int Color,Style;};
void ShowPoint(Pixels P)
{ cout<<P.Color<<P.Style<<endl;}
void main()
{
Pixels Point1={5,3};
ShowPoint(Point1);
Pixels Point2=Point1;
Point1.Color+=2;
ShowPoint(Point2);
}
(1/2 Mark for correcting each error) OR
(1 Mark for identifying all the 4 errors with no correction)
(d) Find the output of the following program: 3
#include <iostream.h>
void Changethecontent(int Arr[], int Count)
{
for (int C=1;C<Count;C++)
Arr[C-1]+=Arr[C];
}
void main()
{
int A[]={3,4,5},B[]={10,20,30,40},C[]={900,1200};
Changethecontent(A,3);
Changethecontent(B,4);
Changethecontent(C,2);
for (int L=0;L<3;L++)
cout<<A[L]<<’#’;
cout<<endl;
for (L=0;L<4;L++) cout<<B[L] <<’#’;
cout<<endl;
for (L=0;L<2;L++) cout<<C[L] <<’#’;
}
Answer:
7#9#5#
30#50#70#40#
2100#1200#
(1 Mark for each correct line of output)
Note:
Deduct ½ Mark for not showing : in the output
Deduct ½ Mark for not considering endl
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 157 9 490236965,[email protected]
(e) Find the output of the following program: 2
#include <iostream.h>
struct Game
{
char Magic[20];int Score;
};
void main()
{
Game M={“Tiger”,500};
char *Choice;
Choice=M.Magic;
Choice[4]=’P’;
Choice[2]=’L’;
M.Score+=50;
cout<<M.Magic<<M.Score<<endl;
Game N=M;
N.Magic[0]=’A’;N.Magic[3]=’J’;
N.Score-=120;
cout<<N.Magic<<N.Score<<endl; }
Answer:
TiLeP550
AiLJP430
(1 Mark for each line of output)
(f) In the following program, if the value of N given by the user is 20, what
maximum and minimum values the program could possibly display?
2
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void main()
{
int N,Guessnum;
randomize();
cin>>N;
Guessnum=random(N-10)+10;
cout<<Guessnum<<endl;
}
Answer:
Maximum Value: 19 Minimum Value: 10
(1 Mark for writing correct minimum value)
(1 Mark for writing correct maximum value)
2. (a) What do you understand by Polymorphism? Give a suitable
example of the same. 2
Answer:
Polymorphism: It is a method of using the same operator or function
(method) to work using different sets of input. Function overloading
is one of the example of polymorphism, where more than one
function carrying same name behave differently with different set of
parameters passed to them.

void Display()
{
cout<<”Hello!”<<endl;
}
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 158 9 490236965,[email protected]
 void Display(int N)
{
cout<<2*N+5<<endl;
}
(1 Mark for definition)(1 Mark for example) OR
(Full 2 marks for explaining both with the help of an example)
(c) Answer the questions (i) and (ii) after going through the following
program: 2
class Match
{
int Time;
public:
Match()
//Function 1
{
Time=0;
cout<<”Match commences”<<end1;
}
void Details()
//Function 2
{
cout<<”Inter Section Basketball
Match”<<end1;
}

Match(int Duration) //Function 3

{
Time=Duration;
cout<<”Another Match begins now”<<end1;
}
Match(Match &M) //Function 4
{
Time=M.Duration;
cout<<”Like Previous Match ”<<end1;
}
};
vii) Which category of constructor - Function 4 belongs to and what
is the purpose of using it?
Answer:
Copy Constructor, it is invoked when an object is created and
initialised with values of an already existing object.

( ½ Mark for mentioning “Constructor”)

( ½ Mark for correctly answering to remaining part of the question)
viii) Write statements that would call the member Functions 1 and 3
Answer:
Match M1; //for Function 1
Match M2(90); //for Function 3
( ½ Mark for each example)
(d) Define a class in C++ with following description: 4
Private Members
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 159 9 490236965,[email protected]
 • A data member Flight number of type integer
• A data member Destination of type string
• A data member Distance of type float
• A data member Fuel of type float
• A member function CALFUEL() to calculate the value of Fuel
as per the following criteria
Distance Fuel
<=1000 500
more than 1000 and <=2000 1100
more than 2000 2200
Public Members
• A function FEEDINFO() to allow user to enter values for Flight
Number, Destination, Distance & call function CALFUEL() to
calculate the quantity of Fuel
• A function SHOWINFO() to allow user to view the content of
all the data members
Answer:
class FLIGHT
{
int Fno;
char Destination[20];
float Distance, Fuel;
void CALFUEL();
public:
void FEEDINFO();
void SHOWINFO();
};
void FLIGHT::CALFUEL()
{
if (Distance<1000)
Fuel=500;
else
if (Distance<2000)
Fuel=1100;
else
Fuel=2200;
}
void FLIGHT::FEEDINFO()
{
cout<<”Flight No :”;cin>>Fno;
cout<<”Destination :”;gets(Destination);
cout<<”Distance :”;cin>>Distance;
CALFUEL();
}
void FLIGHT::SHOWINFO()
{
cout<<”Flight No :”<<Fno<<endl;
cout<<”Destination :”<<Destination<<endl;
cout<<”Distance :”<<Distance<<endl;;
cout<<”Fuel :”<<Fuel<<endl;;
}

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 160 9 490236965,[email protected]

 (1 Mark for correctly declaring Data Members)
(1 Mark for correctly defining CALFUEL())
( ½ Mark for correctly defining FEEDINFO())
( ½ Mark for calling CALFUEL() from FEEDINFO())
( ½ Mark for correctly defining SHOWINFO())
( ½ Mark for correct syntax of class)
(e) Answer the questions (i) to (iv) based on the following: 4
class CUSTOMER
{ int Cust_no;
char Cust_Name[20];
protected:
void Register();
public:
CUSTOMER();
void Status();
};
class SALESMAN
{
int Salesman_no;
char Salesman_Name[20];
protected:
float Salary;
public:
SALESMAN();
void Enter();
void Show();
};
class SHOP : private CUSTOMER , public SALESMAN
{
char Voucher_No[10];
char Sales_Date[8];
public:
SHOP();
void Sales_Entry();
void Sales_Detail();
};
(xvi)Write the names of data members which are accessible from
objects belonging to class CUSTOMER.
(xvii)Write the names of all the member functions which are accessible
from objects belonging to class SALESMAN.
(xviii)Write the names of all the members which are accessible from
member functions of class SHOP.
(xix)How many bytes will be required by an object belonging to class
SHOP?
Answer:
(iv)None of data members are accessible from objects belonging to
class CUSTOMER.
(v) Enter(), Show()
(vi)Data members: Voucher_No, Sales_Date, Salary
Member function: Sales_Entry(), Sales_Details(), Enter(),
Show(), Register(), Status()
(iv) 66
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 161 9 490236965,[email protected]
 ( 1 Mark for each correct answer)
Note:
No marks to be given for partial answers
3.
(a) Write a function in C++ to combine the contents of two equi-sized
arrays A and B by computing their corresponding elements with the
formula 2*A[i]+3*B[i]; where value i varies from 0 to N-1 and transfer
the resultant content in the third same sized array. 4
Answer:
void AddNSave(int A[],int B[],int C[],int N)
{
for (int i=0;i<N;i++)
C[i]=2*A[i]+3*B[i];
}
(1 Mark for function header with desired parameters)
(1 Mark for correct formation of loop)
(1 Mark for the formula)
(1 Mark for transferring elements in the resultant array)

(n) An array P[20][30] is stored in the memory along the column with each
of the element occupying 4 bytes, find out the memory location for the
element P[5][15], if an element P[2][20] is stored at the memory
location 5000. 4
Answer:
Given,
W=4
N=20
M=30
Loc(P[2][20])=5000
Column Major Formula:
Loc(P[I][J]) =Base(P)+W*(N*J+I)
Loc(P[2][20]) =Base(P)+4*(20*20+2)
5000 =Base(P)+4*(400+2)
Base(P) =5000- 1608
Base(P) =3392

Loc(P[5][15]) =3392+4*(20*15+5)
=3392+4*(300+5)
=3392+1220
=4612
(1/2 Mark for correct formula/substitution of values in formula)
(1 ½ Mark for correctly calculating Base Address)
(2 Mark for correctly calculating address of desired location)
(o) Write a function in C++ to perform Push operation on a dynamically
allocated Stack containing real numbers. 4
Answer:
struct NODE
{
float Data; NODE *Link;
};

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 162 9 490236965,[email protected]

 class STACK
{
NODE *Top;
public:
STACK();
void Push();
void Pop();
};
void STACK::Push()
{
NODE *Temp;
Temp=new NODE;
cin>>Temp->Data;
Temp->Link=Top;
Top=Temp;
}
( ½ Mark for appropriate function header)
( ½ Mark for declaring a Temporary pointer - TEMP)
(1 Mark for new operation) (1 Mark for Temp->Link to Top)
(1 Mark for assigning Top as Temp)
(p) Write a function in C++ to find sum of rows from a two dimensional
array. 2
Answer:
void MatAdd(int A[100][100],int N,int M)
{
for (int R=0;R<N;R++)
{
int SumR=0;
for (int C=0;C<M;C++)
SumR+=A[C][R];
cout<<SumR<<endl;
}
}
( ½ Mark for initialization of desired variables)
(1 Mark for loops)
( ½ Mark for statement to add rows elements)
(q) Evaluate the following postfix notation of expression: 2
True, False, AND, True, True, NOT, OR, AND
Answer:
Step 1: Push

True
Step 2: Push

False
True

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 163 9 490236965,[email protected]

 Step 3: AND
Push
Pop Pop
Op2=True Op1=Fals
e
Op2=True
True False
Step 4: Push

True
False

Step 5: Push

True
True
False
Step 6: NOT Push
Pop
Op2=True False
True True
False False
Step 7: OR
Push
Pop Pop
Op2=Fals Op1=True
e
True Op2=Fals True
e
False False False
Step 8: AND
Push
Pop Pop
Op2=True Op1=Fals
e
Op2=True
False False
Step 9: Pop

Result
False
( 1½ Mark for showing stack position for operations NOT,OR and AND)
( ½ Mark for correctly evaluating the final result)
4.(a) Observe the program segment given below carefully and fill the
blanks marked as Statement 1 and Statement 2 using seekg() and
tellg() functions for performing the required task. 1

#include <fstream.h>
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 164 9 490236965,[email protected]
 class Employee
{ int Eno;char Ename[20];
public:
//Function to count the total number of
records
int Countrec();
};
int Item::Countrec()
{
fstream File;
File.open(“EMP.DAT”,ios::binary|ios::in);
______________________
//Statement 1

int Bytes = ______________________

//Statement 2

int Count = Bytes / sizeof(Item);

File.close();
return Count;
}
Answer:
File.seekg(0,ios::end); //Statement 1
File.tellg(); //Statement 2
( ½ Mark for each correct statement)

(b) Write a function in C++ to count the number of alphabets present in

a text file “NOTES.TXT”. 2
Answer:
void CountAlphabet()
{
ifstream FIL(“NOTES.TXT”);
int CALPHA=0;
char CH=FIL.get();
while (!FIL.eof())
{
if (isalpha(CH)) CALPHA++;
CH=FIL.get();
}
cout<<”No. of Alphabets:”<<CALPHA<<endl;
FIL.close();
}
( ½ mark for opening the file in ‘in’ mode)
( ½ mark for correct use of eof)( ½ mark for reading each character)
( ½ mark for correct increment)
(c) Write a function in C++ to add new objects at the bottom of a binary
file “STUDENT.DAT”, assuming the binary file is containing the
objects of the following class. 3
class STUD
{
int Rno;
char Name[20];
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 165 9 490236965,[email protected]
 public:
void Enter(){cin>>Rno;gets(Name);}
void Display(){cout<<Rno<<Name<<endl;}
};
Answer:
void Addnew()
{
fstream FIL;
FIL.open(“STUDENT.DAT”,ios::binary|
ios::app);
STUD S;
char CH;
do
{
S.Enter();
FIL.write((char*)&S,sizeof(S));
cout<<”More(Y/N)?”;cin>>CH;
}
while(CH!=’Y’);
FIL.close();
}
( ½ mark for opening the file in ‘app’ mode)
( ½ mark for declaration of desired variables)
( ½ mark for calling the member function Enter correctly)
( 1 mark for writing the content of object to the binary file)
( ½ mark for forming the appropriate loop)
5. (a) What do you understand by Primary Key & Candidate
Keys? 2
Answer:
An attribute or set attributes which are used to identify a tuple
uniquely is known as Primary Key. If a table has more than one such
attributes which identify a tuple uniquely than all such attributes are
known as Candidate Keys.
(b) Consider the following tables GAMES and PLAYER. Write SQL
commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL
queries (v) to (viii) 6
Table: GAMES
GCode GameName Number PrizeMoney ScheduleDate
101 Carom Board 2 5000 23-Jan-2004
102 Badminton 2 12000 12-Dec-2003
103 Table Tennis 4 8000 14-Feb-2004
105 Chess 2 9000 01-Jan-2004
108 Lawn Tennis 4 25000 19-Mar-2004
Table: PLAYER
PCode Name Gcode
1 Nabi Ahmad 101
2 Ravi Sahai 108
3 Jatin 101
4 Nazneen 103
(i) To display the name of all Games with their Gcodes
Answer: SELECT GameName,Gcode FROM GAMES;
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 166 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (1 mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
(ii) To display details of those games which are having PrizeMoney
more than 7000.
Answer: SELECT * FROM GAMES WHERE PrizeMoney>7000
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of WHERE)
(iii) To display the content of the GAMES table in ascending
order of ScheduleDate.
Answer:
SELECT * FROM GAMES ORDER BY ScheduleDate;
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of ORDER BY)
(vii)To display sum of PrizeMoney for each of the Number of
participation groupings (as shown in column Number 2 or 4)
Answer:
SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney),Number FROM GAMES GROUP
BY Number;
( ½ mark for correct SELECTion of columns)
( ½ mark for correct use of GROUP BY)
(viii)SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Number) FROM GAMES;
Answer:2 ( ½ mark for correct output)
(vi)SELECT MAX(ScheduleDate),MIN(ScheduleDate) FROM GAMES;
Answer:
19-Mar-2004 12-Dec-2003
( ½ mark for correct output)
(vii) SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney) FROM GAMES;
Answer:
59000
( ½ mark for correct output)
(viii) SELECT DISTINCT Gcode FROM PLAYER;
Answer:
101
103
108
( ½ mark for correct output)
6. (a) State and algebraically verify Absorbtion Laws. 2
Answer:
X+X.Y= X
L.H.S = X+X.Y
= X.1+X.Y
= X.(1+Y)
= X.1
= X
= R.H.S
X+X’.Y = X+Y
L.H.S. = X+X’.Y
= (X+X’).(X+Y)
= 1.(X+Y)
= X+Y=R.H.S
(1 mark for stating the correct law)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 167 9 490236965,[email protected]
 (1 mark for the appropriate verification using algebraic method)
(b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following Logic
Circuit 2

Answer:
F(U,V)=U’.V+U.V’
(Full 2 marks for obtaining the correct Boolean Expression for the Logic
Circuit) OR (1 mark correctly interpreting Product terms)
(d) Write the SOP form of a Boolean function G, which is represented in a
truth table as follows: 1
Answer:
P Q R G
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
G(P,Q,R) = P’.Q.R’+P.Q’.R’+P.Q.R’+P.Q.R
(1 mark for correct SOP representation)
(e) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map: 3
F(U,V,W,Z)=Π(0,1,2,4,5,6,8,10)
Answer:

F(U,V,W,Z)=UV+WZ+UZ
(1 mark for correctly drawing K-Map with 1s represented on right places)
(1 mark for minimizing each Quad)
(1 mark for writing the complete Boolean Expression)
7.a)Define the term Bandwidth. Give unit of Bandwidth. 1
Answer:
Bandwidth is the capability of a medium to transmit an amount of
information over a distance. Bandwidth of a medium is generally measured
in bits per second (bps) or more commonly in kilobits per second (kbps)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 168 9 490236965,[email protected]
 ( ½ Mark for correct definition and ½ Mark for correct unit)
b) Expand the following terminologies: 1
(i) HTML (ii) XML
Answer:
(i) Hypertext Markup Language
(ii) Extended Markup Language
( ½ Mark for each correct expansion)
e) Define the term firewall. 1
Answer:
Firewall is a feature used for Network Security. In a Network there
is always danger of information leaking out or leaking in. Firewall is
a feature which forces all information entering or leaving the network
to pass through a check to make sure that there is no unauthorized
usage of the network.
(1 Mark for correct definition)
f) What is the importance of URL in networking? 1
Answer:
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. Each page that is created
for Web browsing is assigned a URL that effectively serves as the
page’s worldwide name or address. URL’s have three parts: the
protocol , the DNS name of the machine on which the page is located
and a local name uniquely indicating the specific page(generally the
filename).
(1 Mark for correct significance)
e) Ravya Industries has set up its new center at Kaka Nagar for its office and
web based activities. The company compound has 4 buildings as shown in
the diagram below:
Building
Building

Fazz
Raj

Building
Jazz
Building
Harsh

Center to center distances between various buildings is as follows:

Harsh Building to Raj Building 50 m
Raz Building to Fazz Building 60 m
Fazz Building to Jazz Building 25 m
Jazz Building to Harsh Building 170 m
Harsh Building to Fazz Building 125 m
Raj Building to Jazz Building 90 m

Number of Computers in each of the buildings is follows:

Harsh Building 15
Raj Building 150
Fazz Building 15
Jazz Bulding 25

Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 169 9 490236965,[email protected]

 e1) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the buildings. 1
Answer:Layout 1:

Building
Building

Fazz
Raj

Building
Jazz
Building
Harsh

Layout 2: Since the distance between Fazz Building and Jazz Building is
quite short

Building
Building

Fazz
Raj

Building
Jazz
Building
Harsh

(1 Mark for appropriate layout)

e2) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this
organisation with a suitable reason. 1
Answer:
The most suitable place / block to house the server of this organisation
would be Raj Building, as this block contains the maximum number of
computers, thus decreasing the cabling cost for most of the computers
as well as increasing the efficiency of the maximum computers in the
network.
(1 mark for correct placement)
e3) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: 1
(ii) Internet Connecting Device/Modem (ii)Switch
Answer:
(i) Raj Building
(ii) In both the layouts, a hub/switch each would be needed in all
the buildings, to interconnect the group of cables from the
different computers in each block
( ½ Mark for placement of each device correctly)
e4) The organisation is planning to link its sale counter situated in various
parts of the same city, which type of network out of LAN, MAN or WAN
will be formed? Justify your answer. 1
Answer:
The type of network that shall be formed to link the sale counters
situated in various parts of the same city would be a MAN, because
MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks) are the networks that link
computer facilities within a city.
( ½ mark for correct type and ½ mark for correct justification)
Prepared By: PGT-IT, JNV West Godavari 170 9 490236965,[email protected]