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Derivadas

The document discusses derivatives including graphical illustrations, definitions, basic formulas, and examples of finding derivatives of various functions. It provides the definition of the derivative, basic derivative rules for common functions like polynomials, exponentials, and logarithms. It also discusses the product rule and quotient rule for finding derivatives of composite functions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views

Derivadas

The document discusses derivatives including graphical illustrations, definitions, basic formulas, and examples of finding derivatives of various functions. It provides the definition of the derivative, basic derivative rules for common functions like polynomials, exponentials, and logarithms. It also discusses the product rule and quotient rule for finding derivatives of composite functions.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Derivadas

Ilustración gráfica

Definición

𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚ℎ→0

Tabla básica

𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇´ (𝒙)
Constante 0
𝑥 1
𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑅 − {0} 𝑛 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑓𝑛 𝑛 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ 𝑓 𝑛−1
𝑎𝑓 𝑎 𝑓 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ ln(𝑎)
1 ´ 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑓 ∙𝑓 ∙
𝑓 ln(𝑎)

Ejercicios:
3
1) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 12 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:
1
A) −1 + 3
√𝑥
1
B) −1 + 3
3 √𝑥
1
C) 1 + 3
3 √𝑥 2
1
D) −1 + 3
3 √𝑥 2

3
𝑓(𝑥) = 12 − 𝑥 + √𝑥
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑥 𝑛 → 𝑛 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛−1

1 1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 0 − 1 + 𝑥 3−1
3
1 2
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = −1 + 𝑥 −3
3
1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = −1 + 2
3𝑥 3
𝟏
𝒇´ (𝒙) = −𝟏 + 𝟑
𝟑√𝒙𝟐

2) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = (5 − 𝑥 2 )6 , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:


A) −6𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5
B) 12𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5
C) −12𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5
D) 6𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5

𝑓(𝑥) = (5 − 𝑥 2 )6

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑓 𝑛 → 𝑛 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ 𝑓 𝑛−1

𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 6 ∙ (5 − 𝑥 2 )´ (5 − 𝑥 2 )6−1

𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 6 ∙ (0 − 2𝑥)´ (5 − 𝑥 2 )5
𝟓
𝒇´ (𝒙) = −𝟏𝟐𝒙(𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 )

3) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 3√𝑥 , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:


3√𝑥 ln(3)
A)
2√𝑥
3√𝑥 ln(3)
B)
√𝑥
3√𝑥
C) 2√𝑥
3√𝑥
D)
√𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 3√𝑥

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑎 𝑓 → 𝑎 𝑓 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ ln(𝑎)
´
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3√𝑥 ∙ (√𝑥) ∙ ln(3)

´ 1 ´ 1 1 1 1 1 1
(√𝑥) = (𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 −1 = 𝑥 −2 = 1 =
2 2
2𝑥 2 2√𝑥
1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3√𝑥 ∙ ∙ ln(3)
2√𝑥
´ (𝒙)
𝟑√𝒙 𝐥𝐧(𝟑)
𝒇 =
𝟐√𝒙

4) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3 − 𝑥 3 ) , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:


𝑥2
A) (𝑥 3 −3)ln(3)
3𝑥 2
B) (3−𝑥 3 )ln(3)
3𝑥 2
C) − (𝑥 3 −3)ln(3)
3𝑥 2
D) (𝑥 3 −3)ln(3)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3 − 𝑥 3 )

1 ´ 1
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑓 → ∙𝑓 ∙
𝑓 ln(𝑎)

1 1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3
∙ (3 − 𝑥 3 )´ ∙
3−𝑥 ln(3)

1 1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3
∙ (−3𝑥 2 ) ∙
3−𝑥 ln(3)

−3𝑥 2 𝟑𝒙𝟐
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = =
(3 − 𝑥 3 )ln(3) (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑)𝐥𝐧(𝟑)

Teorema del producto de derivadas

ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥) → ℎ´ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ´ 𝑔 + 𝑓𝑔´

Teorema del cociente de derivadas

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ´ 𝑔 − 𝑓𝑔´
ℎ(𝑥) = → ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔2
5) Si ℎ(𝑥) = √𝑥(𝑥 + 1)3 , entonces ℎ´ es:
(𝑥+1)(7𝑥+1)
A)
√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (7𝑥+1)
B)
√𝑥
(𝑥+1)(7𝑥+1)
C)
2√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (7𝑥+1)
D)
2√𝑥

1
𝑓: √𝑥 → 𝑓 ´:
2√𝑥

𝑔: (𝑥 + 1)3 → 𝑔´ : 3(𝑥 + 1)′(𝑥 + 1)3−1 = 3(𝑥 + 1)2

𝒉´ (𝒙) = 𝒇´ 𝒈 + 𝒇𝒈´

1
ℎ´ (𝑥) = ( ) (𝑥 + 1)3 + √𝑥 [3(𝑥 + 1)2 ]
2√𝑥

(𝑥 + 1)3
ℎ´ (𝑥) = + 3√𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)2
2√𝑥

𝑥+1
ℎ´ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 [ + 3√𝑥]
2√𝑥

𝑥 + 1 + 6𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥
7𝑥 + 1
ℎ´ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝟐√𝒙
(𝑥+1)3
6) Si ℎ(𝑥) = , entonces ℎ´ es:
√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (1−5𝑥)
A) 2𝑥√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (5𝑥−1)
B) 2𝑥√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (5𝑥−1)
C) 𝑥 √𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (1−5𝑥)
D) 𝑥 √𝑥

𝑓: (𝑥 + 1)3 → 𝑓 ´ : 3(𝑥 + 1)′(𝑥 + 1)3−1 = 3(𝑥 + 1)2

1
𝑔: √𝑥 → 𝑔´ :
2√𝑥

𝒇´ 𝒈 − 𝒇𝒈´
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝒈𝟐

1
3(𝑥 + 1)2 √𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1)3
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) = 2
(√𝑥)

1
(𝑥 + 1)2 [3√𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1) ]
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥
6𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥
6𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
(𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥

(𝑥 + 1)2 (5𝑥 − 1)
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝟐𝒙√𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) ′
17. Si 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 y 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟓−𝟐+𝒙 entonces ( ) es:
𝒈(𝒙)
𝑥 3 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
A) 52(𝑥−2)
𝑥 2 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
B) 52(𝑥−2)
𝑥 3 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
C) 5𝑥−2
𝑥 2 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
D) 5𝑥−2

𝑓: 𝑥 3 → 𝑓 ´ : 3𝑥 3−1 = 3𝑥 2

𝑔: 5𝑥−2 → 𝑔´ : 5𝑥−2 ∙ (𝑥 − 2)´ ln(5) = 5𝑥−2 ln(5)

´ (𝒙)
𝒇´ 𝒈 − 𝒇𝒈´
𝒉 =
𝒈𝟐

3𝑥 2 5𝑥−2 − 𝑥 3 5𝑥−2 ln(5)


ℎ´ (𝑥) =
(5𝑥−2 )2

𝑥 2 5𝑥−2 [3 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
(5𝑥−2 )2

𝒙𝟐 [𝟑 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏(𝟓)]
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝟓𝒙−𝟐

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