Sub – Universal Human Values

ASSIGNMENT

2024

Name – Sunanda Mangaraj

Roll No – 23PG106023
1.Describe the domains of education
Ans-Education encompasses various domains that are crucial for holistic
development. These domains include academic knowledge, character
development, moral values, social skills, and emotional intelligence. Academic
education focuses on imparting subject-specific knowledge and skills. Character
development involves instilling values like honesty, respect, and responsibility.
Moral education teaches ethical behaviour and decision-making. Social skills
education emphasizes interactions with others, while emotional intelligence
education helps individuals understand and manage their emotions effectively.

2. How values and ethics are related?

Ans-Values and ethics are closely intertwined concepts. Values are
fundamental beliefs that guide behaviour and decision-making, reflecting what
is important to individuals or society. Ethics, on the other hand, is the branch of
philosophy that deals with moral principles and values. Ethics provides a
framework for determining right and wrong conduct based on values. In
essence, values serve as the foundation upon which ethical principles are built,
influencing how individuals perceive and act upon moral dilemmas.

3. What are the four levels of living?

Ans-The four levels of living are typically categorized as spiritual, mental,
emotional, and physical. These levels encompass various aspects of human
existence and are equally important for leading a healthy and fulfilling life.
1. Spiritual: The spiritual level is the inner essence or soul of a person,
which exists beyond time and space. This level connects individuals with
the universal source and the oneness of all life. Developing awareness of
the spiritual level allows for a deeper meaning and purpose in life, as
well as a broader perspective beyond the personality.
2. Mental: The mental level involves the intellect, thoughts, attitudes,
beliefs, and values. This level can be both a gift and a curse, as it can
cause confusion or bring profound understanding. Developing the
mental level enables clear thinking, open-mindedness, and intelligent
discrimination.
 3. Emotional: The emotional level is the ability to experience life deeply
and relate to others on a feeling level. This level seeks meaningful
contact and connection with others, and its development allows for the
full range of human experiences and fulfilling relationships.
4. Physical: The physical level is the body and the ability to survive and
thrive in the material world. Developing the physical level involves taking
care of the body, enjoying it, and learning to live comfortably and
effectively in the world.

4.How is the response of the body definite?

Ans-The response of the body is a complex process that involves various
physiological reactions and mechanisms. According to the James-Lange theory,
the body experiences emotional responses as a result of physiological changes
in the body, such as increased heart rate or sweating. The Cannon-Bard theory,
on the other hand, suggests that emotional and physiological responses occur
simultaneously and independently of each other. The Schachter-Singer theory,
a cognitive theory of emotion, suggests that our thoughts are responsible.
In terms of homeostasis, the body maintains a stable internal environment
through negative feedback mechanisms, which prevent a physiological variable
from going beyond the normal range by reversing a physiological variable
change once the normal range is exceeded. Positive feedback mechanisms, on
the other hand, intensify a change in the body’s status rather than returning it
to a set point .In the context of adverse drug reactions, the response of the
body is assessed through various factors, such as the temporal sequence of the
reaction, the reappearance of the adverse event after administration of
placebo, the detection of the drug in blood or other fluids in concentrations
known to be toxic, the dose response relationship, previous reactions to the
same or similar drugs, and the confirmation of the adverse event by objective
evidence .
Overall, the response of the body is a complex process that involves various
physiological mechanisms and cognitive factors, and is influenced by various
external and internal factors.

5.What are the different types of disrespect?

Ans-The types of disrespect can be categorized in various ways, and the
following are some examples based on the search results:
1. Verbal Disrespect: This type of disrespect involves using words that
degrade, demean, or objectify someone, making statements that attack
a person based on their social identity, or writing and endorsing
offensive comments posted in social media.
2. Physical Disrespect: This type of disrespect involves physically hurting
someone or destroying their property.
3. Passive Disrespect: This type of disrespect involves the absence of action
or response when a respectful and appropriate course of action is
expected, such as turning away when someone is asking for help or
operating in a way that consistently ignores a group of people or
minimizes their collective experiences.
4. Subtle Disrespect: This type of disrespect involves subtle actions that
may not be immediately apparent, such as not paying attention to
someone when they are speaking or consistently undermining
someone's contributions.
5. Blatant Disrespect: This type of disrespect involves aggressive outbursts
or openly disrespectful behaviour, such as bullying, intimidation, or
threats.
6. Systemic Disrespect: This type of disrespect involves disruptive
behaviour so entrenched in the culture that the element of disrespect
may be overlooked, such as dysfunctional hierarchies that nurture a
sense of status and autonomy.

6. Describe the process of value education.

Ans-The process of Value Education typically involves the following steps:
assessment, planning, implementation, reflection, evaluation, and continuous
improvements. needs assessment is conducted to determine the values that
need to be emphasized and the current understanding of individuals. Based on
the results of the assessment, a plan is developed for incorporating values
education into the curriculum or learning program. Values are taught through a
variety of methods such as lectures, discussions, role-playing, and real-life
scenarios. Opportunities for self-reflection and evaluation are provided to help
individuals internalize the values they have learned. The effectiveness of the
values education program is evaluated through assessments, feedback from
participants, and other methods. Based on the evaluation results, the values
education program is refined and improved to better meet the needs of
individuals and society.

7. Explain the process of self-exploration

Ans-Self-exploration is a process of discovering one's innate, invariant, and
universal qualities as a human being. It is a journey of dialogue between what
one is and what one really wants to be, aiming to achieve harmony at all levels
of living. The process involves introspection, reflection, insight, and
actualization, which are interconnected and build upon each other. it is the act
of looking inward at one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. This stage
involves asking open-ended questions about oneself, such as values,
motivations, interests, and dreams. Reflection involves closely examining and
thinking deeply about the information uncovered during introspection.
Reflection may bring up difficult emotions, so practicing self-compassion is
essential. Insight is the stage where one gains invaluable insights about
themselves, such as recurring themes in experiences, priorities, or behaviour
that point to deep inner truths. These a-ha moments of clarity can be trans
formative and often relate to one's purpose, meaning, direction, relationships,
and natural talents.

8. Explain with examples the definite and indefinite response of the

self.
Ans-The definite and indefinite responses of the Self can be understood
through examples:
 Definite Response of the Self: A definite response of the Self is
characterized by knowing, assuming, recognizing, and fulfilling based on
a clear understanding of reality. For instance, when a person makes a
decision after thorough knowledge and understanding of a situation,
their response is definite. This leads to specific and certain actions that
align with their understanding.
  Indefinite Response of the Self: In contrast, an indefinite response of the
Self occurs when assumptions are made without complete knowledge or
understanding of a situation. For example, if a person who acts based on
assumptions or incomplete information, their response may be uncertain
and lack clarity. This can lead to ambiguous actions or decisions that are
not firmly grounded in reality.

9. Distinguish between ‘animal consciousness’ and ‘human

consciousness’
Ans-Animal consciousness and human consciousness are both complex
phenomena that have similarities and differences. Animal consciousness is
similar to human consciousness in that animals use complex behaviour, such as
facial expressions and sounds, to communicate and exhibit empathy and
planning, indicating a level of consciousness. However, human consciousness is
fundamentally different from animal consciousness in that it is largely verbal
and expressed through spoken language, which allows for shared thoughts and
complex understanding. Animal consciousness, on the other hand, is expressed
through sensory images, which are the way animals experience new
environmental information

10. Elaborate the significance of education-Sanskar for human being

Ans -Education- Sanskar is a holistic approach to human development that
combines formal education and cultural values. Education refers to the formal
process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through various
methods such as schooling, instruction, and learning experiences. It involves
academic learning, practical skills, and intellectual growth. Sankara, on the
other hand, refers to the cultural, moral, and ethical values and practices
instilled in individuals through upbringing, socialization, and cultural traditions.
Sankara focuses on character development, moral values, and ethical conduct.
The significance of education - saran for human beings is that it contributes to
holistic development, encompassing intellectual growth, personal
development, moral values, cultural understanding, and social responsibility.
Education stimulates cognitive abilities, critical thinking, problem-solving skills,
and intellectual growth, and provides opportunities for self-expression,
creativity, and self-discovery. It also plays a significant role in personal
development, helping individuals explore their interests, talents, and passions,
and fostering personal responsibility, discipline, and time management skills.

11. Describe the dependency of the human being on the other three
orders.
Ans-The dependency of human beings on the other three orders in nature,
namely the Material Order, Plant/Bio-Order, and Animal Order, is significant
and interconnected to each others. The Material Order provides the nutrients
to the Plant/Bio-Order in the form of soil, minerals, etc. While the Plant/Bio-
Order decays and forms more nutrient, thus enriching the soil. The Plant/Bio-
Order also decays to substances like oil and coal, which are stored deep within
the earth as protection against the heat from the molten core inside the earth
as well as the heat from the sun. Plants help move the nutrients through the
various layers of the soil. The roots of the plants hold the soil together and
prevent the soil from erosion. Plants produce oxygen/carbon dioxide and thus
help in the movement of the Material Order . The Animal Order helps enrich
the soil with its excreta and this excreta helps the plants with nutrients. The
Plant/Bio Order provides food for animals, birds, and fishes. The Animal Order
helps in pollination of the flowers of the order. The relationship across all three
orders is - naturally one of mutual fulfilment. None of these orders denies the
other. Human beings are dependent on the Material Order for soil and minerals
and metals, but only end up polluting the soil and depleting the fossil fuels. We
are dependent on plants for our food and holding together the larger
ecosystem, but we have destroyed forests and destroyed multiple species of
plants and herbs. We are dependent on animals to carry out our production
and transportation activities, but have made many species of animals extinct

12. Describe the term value education.

Ans-Value education is a process or function that imparts moral values to
individuals, helping them develop positive behaviours, attitudes, and moral
qualities. It is not limited to a specific course or discipline but should be an
inherent part of the overall education system. Value education can be both
implicit, dealing with learners and their learning, and explicit, related to
teaching and instruction. It is a many-sided that assists young people in making
explicit their underlying attitudes, assessing the effectiveness of these values,
and reflecting on and acquiring other values that are more effective for long-
term well-being able. The primary goal of value-based education is to cultivate
not just knowledgeable individuals but also morally upright individuals. It helps
students develop a strong sense of right and wrong, promoting qualities such
as honesty, integrity, and empathy. These qualities are not only important for
personal growth but also for building a harmonious and compassionate society.

13. Define the role of ethics in human value.

Ans-Ethics play a crucial role in defining human value by providing a systematic
study of human actions from the perspective of their rightfulness or
wrongfulness, with the ultimate goal of achieving ultimate happiness. Ethics
are a set of moral principles that define what is good for individuals and
society, guiding us on what ought to be done to achieve what is good and what
ought not to be done to avoid what is evil Ethics play a crucial role in defining
human value by providing a systematic study of human actions from the
perspective of their rightfulness or wrongfulness, with the ultimate goal of
achieving ultimate happiness. Ethics are a set of moral principles that define
what is good for individuals and society, guiding us on what ought to be done
to achieve what is good and what ought not to be done to avoid what is evil

14. What are the foundation value and complete value of the
relationship?
Ans-The foundation value of a relationship is trust, which is the most important
value for any relationship to be successful and long-lasting and that. Trust is
built consistently over time and is the foundation that holds all relationships
together. Without trust, there is nothing, but with it, great things can be
achieved in life. Trust is the foundational principle that emphasizes the
similarities between individuals in a relationship, making it the basis for all
bonds, whether friendship, family, or business partnerships for me. The
complete value of a relationship is love, which is the feeling of acceptance of all
and is the complete value. Love is the feeling of acceptance of all, and it is the
complete value. Love is the feeling of acceptance of all; it is the complete value
for money. Love is the feeling of acceptance of all; it is the complete value.

15. List out four orders in nature.

Ans-The four orders in nature, according to the source, are:
1. Material order: This order consists of things like air, water, soil, and other
inanimate components of nature.
2. Pranic order: This order includes living beings that are not animals or
humans, such as trees, plants, insects, and other organisms that rely on
prana or life force.
3. Animal order: This order includes birds and animals, which are
characterized by their ability to move and respond to their environment.
4. Human order: This order denotes human beings, who are considered the
most advanced and self-aware beings in nature.

16. How processes in nature are cyclic?

Ans-Cyclic processes in nature are characterized by a series of events that are
regularly repeated in the same order or follow a regularly repeated sequence
of events. These processes define and make things, and things contain
cycles. They are essential in the dynamics of nature and are evident in various
fields such as ecology, social science, business, cybernetics, environmental
management, quantum mechanics, and living systems. One of the most well-
known cyclic processes in nature is the hydrological cycle, which involves the
movement of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again
through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. This cycle is
crucial for the distribution and availability of water resources on Earth, and it
plays a significant role in shaping the planet's climate and weather patterns.
Another important cyclic process is the carbon cycle, which involves the
movement of carbon atoms between the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere,
lithosphere, and hydrosphere. This cycle is essential for regulating the Earth's
climate and supporting life on the planet. However, human activities such as
burning fossil fuels and deforestation have disrupted the natural balance of the
carbon cycle, leading to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and
contributing to global warming.

17. List out five dimensions of the human order

Ans-The five dimensions of the human order are:
1. Education-Sanskar: This dimension involves understanding harmony at
all levels, from self to the whole existence, and living in harmony with
the whole existence. It includes the development of right understanding,
values, and character in individuals.
2. Health-Self regulation: This dimension involves maintaining physical,
mental, and emotional health through self-regulation and self-care. It
includes taking responsibility for one's own health and well-being, and
making choices that promote health and prevent illness.
3. Justice-Preservation: This dimension involves preserving and protecting
the rights and dignity of all human beings, as well as the natural
environment. It includes promoting social justice, human rights, and
environmental sustainability.
4. Production-Work: This dimension involves engaging in productive
activities that contribute to the well-being of individuals and society. It
includes work that is meaningful, fulfilling, and aligned with one's values
and purpose.
5. Exchange-Storage: This dimension involves exchanging goods and
services in a fair and equitable manner, and storing resources for future
use. It includes promoting economic justice, fair trade, and responsible
consumption and production.

18. What is the role of the physical facility in the fulfilment of

relationships?
Ans-The role of the physical facility in the fulfilment of relationships is to
ensure mutual prosperity by providing the necessities and comforts of life.
Physical facilities include the physiological needs of individuals, such as food,
clothing, shelter, and implements. They are essential for fulfilling human
aspirations and promoting overall happiness and well-being. In order to
determine the correct balance between relationships and physical facilities,
individuals must first identify their specific aspirations and goals. Both
relationships and physical facilities play an important role in promoting overall
happiness and well-being, and a balanced approach that takes into account
both elements is likely to be the most effective. The correct priority between
relationships and physical facilities will vary depending on individual
circumstances and goals. The evolution of relationships and physical facilities
has been shaped by societal and technological changes over time.
Relationships have evolved from traditional family structures to more diverse
forms of social and romantic connections, while advances in communication
technology have made it easier for individuals to maintain relationships with
friends and family and have also opened up new avenues for forming
relationships online. Physical facilities have also undergone significant changes
over time, as advances in technology and architecture have led to the
development of more sophisticated and efficient housing, healthcare, and
transportation systems.

19. Differentiate between self and body. Explain the steps to explore
of body and self.
Ans-Exploring the self and body involves recognizing that the self is the domain
of consciousness, characterized by knowing, assuming, recognizing, and
fulfilling, while the body is the domain of material, primarily focused on
recognizing and fulfilling needs. Understanding the human being as a co-
existence of the self (consciousness) and the body (material) is crucial. The
self's response depends on assuming, while the body's response is definite,
leading to the conduct of a human being being determined by the
self's decisions .Steps to explore the body and self-include:
1. Recognizing Needs: Understanding the distinct needs of the self and the
body, where the self's needs are related to consciousness and fulfilled
through understanding and right feeling, while the body's needs are
material and met through physio-chemical means.
2. Exploring Activities: Investigating into oneself to differentiate actions
conducted by the self ('I'), the body, and those involving both the self
and body.
3. Understanding Harmony: Recognizing the importance of harmony
between the self and body, where the body is a self-organized system
 that requires nurturing, protection, and right utilization by the self for
optimal health and well-being.

20. Define and explain the activities of animal order.

Ans-The animal order, also known as the Jiva order, refers to all animals, birds,
and insects from unicellular to complex organisms. It is one of the four orders
in nature, along with the material, pranic, and human orders. The animal order
is characterized by its natural characteristics, which include composition,
decomposition, nurture, and worsen in the body, as well as non-cruelty or
cruelty in the "I". Animals in this order provide food, wool, leather, labor, and
transport to the human order, while humans in return have made several
species of animals extinct. The animal order is mutually fulfilling for itself and
for human beings, and it is naturally acceptable to the human order. However,
due to a lack of right understanding, the human order is not yet able to ensure
mutual fulfilment, leading to problems such as pollution, resource depletion,
and extinction of animals.

21. Explain the salient features of ethical competence

Ans-Ethical competence is the ability to make ethical decisions and act in
accordance with ethical principles. It encompasses a range of salient features
that are essential for ethical decision-making and action. These features
include:
1. Ethical awareness: This involves being aware of ethical issues and
dilemmas in professional practice and recognizing the need for ethical
action.
2. Ethical reasoning: This involves the ability to analyze ethical situations,
identify ethical principles and values at stake, and make reasoned
judgments about the right course of action.
3. Moral judgment skills: This involves the ability to make sound moral
judgments based on ethical principles and values, as well as the ability to
evaluate the ethical implications of decisions and actions.
 4. Character strength: This involves having the inner strength and resilience
to act on ethical principles and values, even in the face of adversity or
opposition.
5. Willingness to do good: This involves a commitment to acting in the best
interests of others and promoting ethical values and principles in
professional practice.
6. Confidence in oneself: This involves having confidence in one's own
ethical judgment and the ability to act on ethical principles and values.
7. Mutually fulfilling behaviour: This involves engaging in behaviour that is
ethical, respectful, and mutually beneficial to oneself and others, and
that contributes to the common good.
8. Mutually enriching interaction with nature: This involves recognizing
the interconnectedness of all living beings and the natural environment,
and engaging in behaviour that is sustainable and respectful of the
natural world.

22. Define self-regulation and health. How are the two related?
Ans-Self-regulation refers to the ability to manage one's thoughts, emotions,
and behaviour in order to achieve goals and adapt to different situations. It
involves processes like setting standards, monitoring behaviour, and exerting
willpower to control impulses. In the context of health, self-regulation plays a
crucial role in behaviour change and overall well-being. The relationship
between self-regulation and health is significant as self-regulation skills enable
individuals to make healthier choices, manage stress effectively, and engage in
behaviours that promote well-being. For instance, individuals with strong self-
regulation are better equipped to adhere to healthy habits, cope with
challenges, and maintain a balanced lifestyle, leading to improved health
outcomes and a higher quality of life.

23. Explain how the assumption “Human Being = Body”, leads to the
feeling of deprivation
Ans-The assumption that "Human Being = Body" leads to the feeling of
deprivation by creating a focus on fulfilling all needs through physical means
alone. This misconception results in various repercussions at different levels of
human existence, including social, economic, and environmental issues. When
individuals perceive themselves solely as bodies, they tend to seek fulfilment
through material wealth and consumption, neglecting aspects related to
human well-being and happiness. This can lead to social inequality,
environmental degradation, lack of social cohesion, and a culture of
competition and individualism rather than cooperation and mutual support.
Recognizing that humans are a co-existence of the Self and the Body is crucial
to achieving true happiness and prosperity, as both aspects need to be
considered for a holistic and integrated approach to human existence.

24. Define affection. How does affection lead to harmony in the

family?
Ans-Affection is a deep feeling of love, care, and attachment towards someone,
especially within a family context. It is an essential element that contributes to
harmony in the family by fostering a sense of belongingness, mutual happiness,
and understanding among family members. Affection is not just a feeling but
also a commitment that obligates family members to care for each other, make
sacrifices, and support one another through various life stages. Affection leads
to harmony in the family in several ways:
1. Nurturing love and attachment: Affectionate touch, such as hugging,
kissing, and patting, nurtures love and attachment among family
members. Physical touch helps transfer emotions and feelings between
them, creating a strong bond and promoting harmony.
2. Verbal expressions of affection: Expressing love and appreciation
through words can make family members feel valued and loved. Verbal
expressions of affection, such as telling someone how much they are
loved or appreciated, help convey feelings of warmth and personal
attachment, fostering a positive atmosphere in the family.
3. Spending quality time together: Engaging in family activities and
spending quality time together strengthens relationships and fosters a
sense of belongingness. Sharing meals, participating in outdoor games,
 storytelling, and gardening are examples of family activities that can help
nurture affection and promote harmony.
4. Mutual services: Helping each other unconditionally, such as assisting
with household chores or offering emotional support, increases affection
between family members. Unconditional help fosters love and respect,
contributing to a harmonious family environment.
5. Care and guidance: Feeling cared for and guided by family members
creates a sense of security and trust. Providing care and guidance to
relatives helps them feel nurtured and protected, fostering a harmonious
relationship.